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Late Cretaceous-Early Palaeogene Echinoderms and the K/T Boundary in the Southeast Netherlands and Northeast Belgium — Part 3: Ophiuroids

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pp 003-182 15-01-2007 14:32 Pagina 1 Late Cretaceous-Early Palaeogene echinoderms and the K/T boundary in the southeast Netherlands and northeast Belgium — Part 3: Ophiuroids with a chapter on: Early Maastrichtian ophiuroids from Rügen (northeast Germany) and Møn (Denmark) by Manfred Kutscher & John W.M. Jagt John W.M. Jagt Jagt, J.W.M. Late Cretaceous-Early Palaeogene echinoderms and the K/T boundary in the southeast Netherlands and northeast Belgium — Part 3: Ophiuroids; with a chapter on: Early Maastrichtian ophiuroids from Rügen (northeast Germany) and Møn (Denmark) by M. Kutscher & J.W.M. Jagt. — Scripta Geol., 121: 1-179, 16 figs., 36 pls, Leiden, December 2000. John W.M. Jagt, Natuurhistorisch Museum Maastricht, Postbus 882, NL-6200 AW Maastricht, The Netherlands, E-mail: [email protected]; Manfred Kutscher, Dorfstraße 10, D-18546 Sassnitz- Lancken (Rügen), Germany. Key words: Echinodermata, Ophiuroidea, Late Cretaceous, Early Palaeogene, taxonomy, stratigraphy. The present paper is divided into two parts. In the first, all Campanian, Maastrichtian and Danian ophiuroids known to date from the extended type area of the Maastrichtian Stage, are described and illustrated. The geographic and stratigraphic distribution of this diverse echinoderm group are docu- mented. A total of twenty-one genera (one of them new) and thirty-seven species (seven of them new) are recorded from the Campanian-Danian of Liège-Limburg and the Aachen area (Germany). The fol- lowing taxa are new: Ophiocten? yvonnae sp. nov., Stegophiura? trispinosa sp. nov., Deckersamphiura inusitata gen. et sp. nov., Ophiarachna? martinblomi sp. nov., Ophiolepis? falsa sp. nov., Ophiomusium lux sp. nov., and Mesophiomusium decipiens gen. et sp. nov. Additional species, recorded here in open nomenclature, may prove to be new as well, but limited material precludes their formal naming. Many ophiuroid species from Liège-Limburg are also known from the Lower Maastrichtian of Rügen and Møn (Denmark). In general, material from those localities is much better preserved, which is why type specimens of additional new taxa have been selected from samples collected there. In the second part of the present paper a total of twenty-four new species and one new genus are described: Ophio- smilax? alternatus sp. nov., Asteronyx? spinulosa sp. nov., Ophiomyxa? curvata sp. nov., Ophiomyxa? rhipi- data sp. nov., Ophioscolex? clivulus sp. nov., Ophioscolex? cretaceus sp. nov., Ophiacantha? punctata sp. nov., Ophiacantha? rugosa sp. nov., Ophiacantha? striata sp. nov., Sinosura jasmundensis sp. nov., Hemieuryale? parva sp. nov., Amphiura? plana sp. nov., Ophiothrix? bongaertsi sp. nov., Ophiothrix? crista- ta sp. nov., Ophiothela? semirotunda sp. nov., Ophiactis? sulcata sp. nov., Ophiocoma? ishidai sp. nov., Ophioderma? radiatum sp. nov., Ophiolepis? granulata sp. nov., Ophiolepis? linea sp. nov., Ophiomusium biconcavum sp. nov., Ophiomusium sentum sp. nov., Ophiomusium sinuatum sp. nov., and Mesophiomusi- um moenense gen. et sp. nov. Four additional species (Trichaster? sp., Ophiacantha? sp., Sinosura sp., and S. aff. schneideri Kutscher, 1987) are left in open nomenclature; these may prove to be new as well, but not enough material is currently available to erect new species upon. Previously described ophiuroid species, some of which are here reassigned to other genera, in all of these faunas include: Asteronyx? simplex A.H. Müller, 1950, Trichaster? ornatus (Rasmussen, 1950), Ophiomyxa? jekerica (Berry, 1938), Ophiacantha? danica Rasmussen, 1952, Stegophiura? hagenowi (Ras- mussen, 1950), Felderophiura vanderhami Jagt, 1991, Ophioplinthaca? fuerstenbergii (J. Müller, 1847), Ophiocoma? senonensis (Valette, 1915), Ophiocoma? rasmusseni Hess, 1960b, Ophioderma? substriatum (Rasmussen, 1950), Ophiotitanos serrata (Roemer, 1840), and Ophiomusium granulosum (Roemer, 1840). Ophiomusium subcylindricum (von Hagenow, 1840) and O. danicum Brünnich Nielsen, 1926 are consid- ered to be junior synonyms of O. granulosum. With very few exceptions, species assignment to extant genera is fraught with difficulties, even in those cases where more or less complete discs with arms attached are available. Most of our taxa are based on dissociated ossicles, or portions of arms at best, which are preferentially placed in the nomi- pp 003-182 15-01-2007 14:32 Pagina 2 2 Jagt. Late Cretaceous and Palaeogene echinoderms, pt 3: Ophiuroids. Scripta Geol., 121 (2000) nal genera of the various ophiuroid families. Despite this inordinate use of open nomenclature, the present paper demonstrates that Late Cretaceous-Early Palaeogene ophiuroid diversity greatly exceeds previous estimates, and that the white chalk facies of Rügen in particular was less hostile to benthic inhabitation than assumed by earlier authors. Contents Introduction ............................................................................................................................. 2 Material and methods ............................................................................................................ 3 Previous work ......................................................................................................................... 3 Systematic palaeontology ..................................................................................................... 6 Acknowledgements .............................................................................................................. 45 Early Maastrichtian ophiuroids from Rügen (northeast Germany) and Møn (Denmark) by M. Kutscher & J.W.M. Jagt ......................................................................................... 45 References ............................................................................................................................ 103 Introduction The observation (Jagt, 1999b) that Late Cretaceous and Early Palaeogene crinoids from the Maastrichtian type area received only scant attention in the literature, holds true for ophiuroids (brittlestars and basketstars) as well. Prior to the present study (inclusive of second part on material from northeast Germany and Denmark), only a handful of species were known from the area. In the present paper, part 3 in the cur- rent series (see Jagt, 1999a, b), the highly diverse ophiuroid faunas of Campanian, Maastrichtian and Danian age from this area are described and illustrated. For a dis- cussion of the geographic-stratigraphic setting, general references as well as the aim of the current series, reference is made to Jagt (1999a, b). In 1989, while co-operating with Manfred Kutscher (Sassnitz-Lancken, Rügen) in the study of a fine collection of ophiuroids from the upper Lower Maastrichtian of Rügen (NE Germany), it became apparent that this region and the Maastrichtian type area had many species in common. Since the Rügen material, although comprising mostly dissociated ossicles of arms and discs, generally was much better preserved and more diverse, it was decided to join forces and use this material for the descrip- tion of new taxa. Most of these species have subsequently been collected from correla- tive strata in Møn (Denmark); they are here described in a separate section. Our mate- rial allows to document the presence in the Late Cretaceous of the (sub)families Ophiobyrsinae, Asteronychidae, Euryalidae, Ophiomyxidae, Ophiacanthidae, Hemi- euryalidae, Ophiuridae, Amphiuridae, Ophiothricidae, Ophiocomidae, Ophioder- matidae, and Ophiolepididae. Species not known from Rügen or Denmark, mostly of Early and early Late Cam- panian, early and late Late Maastrichtian and Early/Middle Danian age, are described in the first systematic section of the present paper. That part also includes references to previous papers, in which ophiuroids from the southeast Netherlands and northeast Belgium have been recorded. The Early Campanian ‘Ophiura’ fuersten- bergii J. Müller, 1847 is revised and a neotype designated, while material from which Berry (1938) selected the types of his new taxa is illustrated photographically for the first time. pp 003-182 15-01-2007 14:32 Pagina 3 Jagt. Late Cretaceous and Palaeogene echinoderms, pt 3: Ophiuroids. Scripta Geol., 121 (2000) 3 Material and methods Most of the ophiuroid material from the extended Maastrichtian type area comes from the same samples which yielded the crinoids (see Jagt, 1999b for discussion). Included also are specimens from private collections, notably those of M.J. van Birge- len, Y. Coole, M.J.M. Deckers, R.W. Dortangs, and M.M.M. Kuypers; these have been transferred to the collections of the Natuurhistorisch Museum Maastricht and bear the prefix NHMM. Assistance received from these collectors over the past few years is gratefully acknowledged. At a few localities (quarries Blom-Berg en Terblijt and ENCI-Maastricht BV in par- ticular), ophiuroid discs preserving (portions of) arms have proved to be relatively common in obrution sediments. Such occurrences have naturally been given special attention, and allow analyses of population density to be made (compare e.g. Meyer, 1984, 1988). Specimens illustrated in the present paper are generally the best-pre- served and/or most typical examples recognised in the various samples, on which the descriptions are based. In view of the small size of many ophiuroid ossicles, it was decided to illustrate these with photomicrographs, prepared by Mrs S.M. Kars (Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam; JEOL JSM-6400 SEM). Type material of the ophiuroid species discussed in the present paper (inclusive of the
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    VU Research Portal Human impact on Holocene catchment development and fluvial processes - the Geul River catchment, SE Netherlands de Moor, J.J.W. 2007 document version Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record Link to publication in VU Research Portal citation for published version (APA) de Moor, J. J. W. (2007). Human impact on Holocene catchment development and fluvial processes - the Geul River catchment, SE Netherlands. Print Partners Ipskamp. General rights Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. • Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research. • You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain • You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal ? Take down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. E-mail address: [email protected] Download date: 28. Sep. 2021 Human impact on Holocene catchment development and fluvial processes – the Geul River catchment, SE Netherlands J.J.W. de Moor 1 This research was carried out at: Vrije Universiteit Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences Department of Palaeoclimatology and Geomorphology De Boelelaan 1085 1081 HV Amsterdam The Netherlands This project was partly funded by the European Union Interreg III-A program of the Euregio Maas-Rhine (contract number EMR.INT 06.02 – 3.1.28).
  • Glossary for the Echinodermata

    Glossary for the Echinodermata

    February 2011 Christina Ball ©RBCM Phil Lambert GLOSSARY FOR THE ECHINODERMATA OVERVIEW The echinoderms are a globally distributed and morphologically diverse group of invertebrates whose history dates back 500 million years (Lambert 1997; Lambert 2000; Lambert and Austin 2007; Pearse et al. 2007). The group includes the sea stars (Asteroidea), sea cucumbers (Holothuroidea), sea lilies and feather stars (Crinoidea), the sea urchins, heart urchins and sand dollars (Echinoidea) and the brittle stars (Ophiuroidea). In some areas the group comprises up to 95% of the megafaunal biomass (Miller and Pawson 1990). Today some 13,000 species occur around the world (Pearse et al. 2007). Of those 13,000 species 194 are known to occur in British Columbia (Lambert and Boutillier, in press). The echinoderms are a group of almost exclusively marine organisms with the few exceptions living in brackish water (Brusca and Brusca 1990). Almost all of the echinoderms are benthic, meaning that they live on or in the substrate. There are a few exceptions to this rule. For example several holothuroids (sea cucumbers) are capable of swimming, sometimes hundreds of meters above the sea floor (Miller and Pawson 1990). One species of holothuroid, Rynkatorpa pawsoni, lives as a commensal with a deep-sea angler fish (Gigantactis macronema) (Martin 1969). While the echinoderms are a diverse group, they do share four unique features that define the group. These are pentaradial symmetry, an endoskeleton made up of ossicles, a water vascular system and mutable collagenous tissue. While larval echinoderms are bilaterally symmetrical the adults are pentaradially symmetrical (Brusca and Brusca 1990). All echinoderms have an endoskeleton made of calcareous ossicles (figure 1).
  • Ophiuroidea: Amphilepidida: Amphiuridae), from Geoje Island, Korea

    Ophiuroidea: Amphilepidida: Amphiuridae), from Geoje Island, Korea

    -페이지 연속.(가능한한 짝수되게). -표 선: 맨위,맨아래 1pt / 중간 0.3pt -표 내부여백 : 선 있는 곳 2, 선 없는 곳 0.7 -et al. Journal of Species Research 9(3):273-279, 2020 A newly recorded brittle star, Amphiura (Amphiura) digitula (H.L. Clark, 1911) (Ophiuroidea: Amphilepidida: Amphiuridae), from Geoje Island, Korea Taekjun Lee1 and Sook Shin1,2 1Marine Biological Resource Institute, Sahmyook University, Seoul 01795, Republic of Korea 2Department of Animal Biotechnology and Resource, Sahmyook University, Seoul 01795, Republic of Korea *Correspondent: [email protected] We describe a newly recorded brittle star to South Korea, Amphiura (Amphiura) digitula (H.L. Clark, 1911), that was collected from Geoje Island, at a depth of 47 m. The species is characterized by a small disk, covered by numerous fine scales, small radial shields that are wider than long, a small stumpy hook at the distal end of the radial shield, two tooth papilla, two adoral shield spines, 2nd adoral shield spine longer than other, tapered dramatically toward dull tip, five arms with four proximal arm spines, and two tentacle scales. We also obtained a 657 bp sequence from COI gene and the amplified sequence matched the general DNA barcoding region. The NJ and ML phylogenetic analyses revealed A. (A.) digitula as monophyletic in the Amphiura clade. This species is clearly distinguished from other Amphiura species by morphological characteristics and the mitochondrial COI sequence, and thus represents the sixth Amphiura species reported to occur in Korea. Keywords: Echinodermata, mitochondrial COI, morphology, ophiuroid, taxonomy Ⓒ 2020 National Institute of Biological Resources DOI:10.12651/JSR.2020.9.3.273 INTRODUCTION al., 2016; Boissin et al., 2017; Knott et al., 2018; Paw- son, 2018).