Short communication: The first report of Amphipholis squamata (Delle Chiaje, 1829) (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea) from Chabahar Bay – northern Oman Sea

Item Type article

Authors Attaran-Fariman, G.; Beygmoradi, A.

Download date 03/10/2021 21:12:16

Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/1834/37693 Iranian Journal of Fisheries Sciences 15(3)1254-1261 2016

The first report of Amphipholis squamata (Delle Chiaje, 1829) (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea) from Chabahar Bay – northern Oman Sea

Attaran-Fariman G. *; Beygmoradi A.

Received: December 2014 Accepted: April 2016

Chabahar Maritime University, Faculty of Marine Sciences, Department of Marine Biology, Daneshgah Avenue, 99717-56499, Chabahar, Iran. *Corresponding author's email: [email protected]

Keywords: Echinoderms, Amphiuridae, Morphology, Taxonomy, Chabahar Bay; Oman Sea

Introduction the cognates of this species (Deheyn Amphipholis squamata is an important and Jangoux, 1999). Also, this species Ophiuroid species belonging to the is one of the most important family Amphiuridae which is widely echinoderms in terms of used in biotechnological and molecular bioluminescence (Deheyn et al., 1997). studies. It is a cosmopolitan species and Bioluminescence echinoderms were capable to inhabit a wide variety of identified about two centuries ago habitats except the polar regions, from (Viviani, 1805), consisting 4 out of 5 subtidal zone to the depth of 2000 class of Echinodermata (Herring, 1987). meters (Hendler, 1995). According to The only class without bioluminescence Fell (1962) its widespread distribution ability is Echinoidea (Herring, 1987). all over the world is the result of its In the present study, Amphipholis costal migration. A. squamata is squamata was reported for the first time characterized by its small body size, from the subtidal zone of Chabahar Bay hermaphroditic reproduction, lack of in northern part of the Oman Sea. This larval phase, (Nisolle, 1990) and brood paper also provides information about protection properties. It is an the taxonomy and morphology of this omnivorous species filtering sediment group of aquatic taxa dwelling in the food particles and planktons (Emson marine waters of the Iranian coasts of and Whitfield, 1989). Variety in Chabahar Bay and the Oman Sea. coloration patterns are reported among 1255 Attaran-Fariman and Beygmoradi, The first report of Amphipholis squamata …

Materials and methods Redescription This study was carried out in March Generally trunk brownish gray carrying 2014. Sediment samples were collected small circular disk with black speckles by grab from the subtidal zone at (ca. 5 mm) and arms (6 cm). Dorsally, Shahid Beheshti Port in Chabahar Bay disk covered by small and irregular (Fig. 1). Brittle stars was sorted in situ scales overlapping partially. Radial and put in a jar including sea water. shields with elongated, thin, connective, Specimens were transferred to rounded outer margins and straight Laboratory of Chabahar Maritime inner margin (Fig. 2A). Coloration and University and living specimens were coverage in ventral part similar to maintained in the well aerated dorsal side. Bursa slits elongated. Oral aquariums. Dimensions, radial shields, shield pentagonal with an enlarged form and color of disc and arms’ length distal margin and convex, somewhat were measured in all of the specimens. longer than wide. Dorsal shield large Photographs were taken by streo and united proximally. Two oral papilla microscope (model C-DS ) equipped present on each corner of jaw. with the camera (model T4AL250 V infradental papillae present in pair (Fig. (21 V 150 W)). Identification keys used 2B). Dorsal arm plate oval with smooth in this study were from Clark and Rowe distal margin (Fig. 2C). Ventral arm (1971); Price (1983) and Pomory plate pentagonal (Fig. 2D). 3arm spines (2007). Specimens (n=3) are currently conic, transparent, erected, serrated at fixed and preserved in 4% formaline tip, 2 small tentacle scales, thin and and maintained in the same laboratory elongated (Fig. 2E). and are ready for scientific demands. Ophiuroidea have a widespread distribution in the tropics. Totally 651 Results and discussion Echinodermata species have been A. squamata was recorded for the first reported from the Indian Ocean so far, time during this study. 152 of which are belonging to Ophiuroidea. Chabahar Bay includes a Systematic variety of substrate such as, sandy, Order OPHIURIDA Müller and muddy and rocks. This Troschel, 1840 geomorphological variation makes this Suborder OPHIURINA Müller and region qulified to be habitable for Troschel, 1840 various groups of animals (Sharifi, Family AMPHIURIDAE Ljungman, 2004). 1867 Genus Amphipholis Ljungman, 1866 Amphipholis squamata (DelleChiaje, 1829)

Iranian Journal of Fisheries Sciences 15(3) 2016 1256

Figure 1: Geographical location of the study area at Shahid Beheshti Port in Chabahar Bay, and its position at the Iranian coast of the Oman Sea.

Figure 2: Species of the family Amphiuridae. Amphipholis squamata A dorsal view, detail of the radial shields B ventral view C jaw D dorsal view of the arms E ventral view of the arms. Scale bar = A and B 2 mm; C, D and E 100 µm. 1257 Attaran-Fariman and Beygmoradi, The first report of Amphipholis squamata …

However, the Ophiuroid species which colores that were reported between were reported from this area so far are: vareious populations of this species Macrophiothrix elongata (H.L. Clark, collected from inter tidal zone at 1971 1938) and Ophiothrix savigny (Müller by Binaux and Bocquet. Whereas, our and Troschel, 1842 ) belonging to species was brownish gray with polka family Ophiotrichidae (Ljungman, dots. However, Clark (1987) proposed 1867) (Khaleghi and Owfi, 2011) and and fixed the name of this species as Ophionereis dubia (Müller and Amphipholis squamata instead of its Troschel, 1842) belonging to the family previous name, Ophiura elegans Ophionereididae Ljungman, 1867 (Leach, 1815). A. squamata is a very (Attaran-Fariman et al., 2014). During complicating species with very the present study, A. squamata was divergent mitochondrial lineages reported for the first time. Specimens (Sponer, 2002). Unpublished data E. were collected from the depth of 10 m Boissinon mitochondrial DNA with a muddy substrate. A. squamata successive determination show that this have a diversity of genetic, color and species has a common lineage in bioluminiscence features through the equatorial regions (Stohr et al., 2008). world (Sponer et al., 1999). For This species has a spherical disc with instance, 11 differnet color patterns of 1.08 – 2.47 mm diameter. The disc is this species were reported till now covered with enlarged scales (Mallefet and Jangoux, 2000). irregularly. In some cases the central Therefore, variation in color and plate is appeared. The length of shield brightness could proof the presence of is longer than its width, connective with correlation between polychromatism rounded external edge and smooth and genetics of native populations. internal edge. Spaces between radials Because of its brightening feature, A. are covered by small scales. Bursa slits squamata had previously been elongated and vast. Oral shield fan- nominated as Asterias noctiluca shaped with an enlarged and convex (Viviani, 1805). Presence of dark and distal margin, its length is longer than light pigments on the body give it a width. Dorsal shield large, standing in noctilucent feature while equal distance from its proximal edge. bioluminiscence is controled by Two oral papilla with a long distal part nervous system (Deheyn et al., 1994). present on both apical sides of jaw. Pair Bioluminiscence mechanism in these of infradental papilla is present as well. taxa is utilized for avoiding predation Ventral arm plate pentagonal, elongated and also, scaring the predators (Grober, with 3 conical straight arm spine and 1990). Tortonese (1932) showed the denticulate apex. There are 2 small, thin presence of various coloration patterns and elongated tentacle scale (Gondim et in this species. Orange, beige, dark al., 2013). Our specimen is small with brown, gray, black polka dots are the spherical disc 5mm in diameter. The Iranian Journal of Fisheries Sciences 15(3) 2016 1258 lengths of arms are as long as 6 times of A. squamata dwells in various the disc diameter bearing some short substrates such as, under stones, btween spines. The disc is covered by small alges and briozoas, rock pools, sandy scales while radial shields are visible. bottom (Rodrigues et al., 2011) and There are a colored area with different also sea grasses, mangrove, estuaries colors (such as, gray, white and Bluish and water with high salinity (Gondium gray) in different individuals. Present et al., 2013). It is mostly in relation type has Gray polka dots. This species with Corallina alge and briozoas (Fish has recently been reported by Pomory and Fish, 2011). This cosmopolitan (2007) with 5 mm disc diameter with species could be found from intertidal arms as long as 3-4 times of disc zone to 1300 m depth of sea (Rodrigues diameter. However, we measured this et al., 2011). rate 6 times as long as disc’s diameter. A. squamata is distributed all over Dorsal plate of arm is lunate with the world except to arctic and antarctic smooth distal edge. Radial shield is regions. This species has already been long, thin and is half time of radius of reported from west Alantic, United disc (Pomory, 2007). Although in some States of America, Mexico, Netherlands references the diameter of disc was Antilles, Belize, Costa Rica, Panama, reported longer than 5 mm its average Colombia, Brazil, Uruguay, and length is 0.7 – 3 mm (Mortensen, Argentina's Santa Cruz Province 1927). Radial shields are small and (Benavides-Serrato et al., 2011), South connected to each other. Big species has Carolina, Florida, Islands of South 2 tentacle scales on proximal extremity Florida, Texas, Antilles, Belize, of arm while small species normally has Panama, Brazil (Alvarado et al., 2008), only 1 (Bartsch, 2008). Finding of this Persian Gulf (Price, 1983), eastern species from Chabahar Bay for the first Atlantic along the periphery of Europe, time is not surprising because of its the Mediterranean, the west coast of wide distribution through the world. Africa, the eastern coast of South Africa According to the present literatures and Madagascar (Alva and Vadon, related to morphology and 1989). This is the first report of A. identification of A. squamata from squamata species from Chabahar Bay different area our species demonstrates located at the North part of the Oman very close features with them. Sea. Therefore, due to the abtained results from this study and previously Acknowledgements published data it would be concluded The present work is a part of the MSc that this species has a invariable and work of A.Beygmoradi at Chabahar monotonic morphological features all Maritime University (CMU) and ove the world (Sponer et al., 1999). working space and facilities granted by the university are highly acknowledged. 1259 Attaran-Fariman and Beygmoradi, The first report of Amphipholis squamata …

The authors are grateful to Professor Chiaje). Comptes Rendus Académie Andrew Price from University of Des Sciences Paris. 273, 1618-1619. Warwick for his help with the Clark, A.M. and Rowe, F.W., 1971. identification of Amphipholis squamata. Monograph of Shallow-water Indo- west Pacific Echinoderms. Trustees References of the British Museum (Natural Alva, V. and Vadon, C., 1989. History), London. 234P. Ophiuroids from the western coast of Clark, A.M., 1987. Asterias squamata Africa (Namibia and Guinea- Delle Chiaje, 1828 (currently Bissau). Scientia Marina, 53(4), Amphipholis squamata; 827–845. Echinodermata, Ophiuroidea): Alvarado, J.J., Solís-Marín, F.A. and proposed conservation of the specific Ahearn, Y.C., 2008. Equinodermos name. Bulletin of Zoological (Echinodermata) del Caribe Nomenclature, 52, 246–247. Centroamericano. Revista Biología Deheyn, D., Jangoux, M., 1999. Tropical / Internacional Journal of Colour varieties as sibling species in Tropical Biology and Conservation, the polychromatic ophiuroid 56 (Supl. 3), 37-55. Amphipholis squamata Attaran-Fariman, G., Beygmoradi, (Echinodermata): evidence from A. and Boos, K., 2014. First record inheritance of body colour and of Ophionereis dubia luminescence characters. Journal of (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea) from Experimental Marine Biology and Chabahar Bay (Oman Sea, Iran). Ecology, 234(2), 219-234. Marine Biodiversity Records.7(2),1- Deheyn, D., Mallefet, J. and Jangoux, 5. M., 1997. Intraspecific variations of Bartsch, I., 2008. Notes on ophiuroids bioluminescence in a polychromatic from the Great Meteor Seamount population of Amphipholis squamata (Northeastern Atlantic). Spixiana, 31 (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea). (2), 233-239. Journal of the Marine Biological Association UK, 77, 1213-1222. Benavides-Serrato, M., Borrero- Deheyn, D., Mallefet, J. and Jangoux, Perez, GH. and Dias Sanchez, M., 1994. Variations of CM., 2011. Equinodermos del bioluminescence intensity in the Caribe colombiano I: Crinoidea, ophiuroid Arnphipholis squamata Asteroidea y Ophiuroidea. Serie de (Delle Chiaje, 1828). In Publicaciones Especiales de Echinodermata (ed. B. David et al.), Invemar, 22. Santa Marta, 384P. 409P. Binaux, R. and Bocquet, C., 1971. Sur Emson, R.H. and Whitfield, P.J., le polychromatisme de l'ophiure 1989. Aspects of the life histoty of a Amphipholis squamata (Delle tide pool population of Amphipholis Iranian Journal of Fisheries Sciences 15(3) 2016 1260

squarnata (Ophiuroidea) from south Bay. Journal of Animal Devon. Journal of the Marine Environment, 4, 31–36. Biological Association of the United Mortensen, T., 1927. Handbook of the Kingdom, 69, 27-41. Echinoderms of the British Isles. Fell, H.B., 1962. Evidence for the London. 471P. , validity of Matsumoto s Nisolle, V., 1990. Modalités de classification of the Ophiuroidea. l'incubation chez l'ophiure Publications of the Seto Marine Biological Laboratory 10(2), 145- Amphipholis squamata (Delle 152. Chiaje, 1829) (Echinodermata). Fish, J. D. and Fish, S., 2011. A Mémoire de licence. Université de student’s guide to the seashore. Mons- Hainaut. United States of America by Rodrigues, C.F., Paterson, G.L.J., Cambridge University Press, New Cabrinovic, A. and Cunha M.R., York. 2011b. Deep-sea ophiuroids Gondim, A.I., Alonso, C., Dias, T.L., (Echinodermata) from mud Manso, C.L. and Christoffersen, volcanoes in the Gulf of Cadiz (NE M. L., 2013. A taxonomic guide to Atlantic). Zootaxa, 2754,1-26. the brittle-stars (Echinodermata, Pomory, M.C., 2007. Key to the Ophiuroidea) from the State of common shallow-water brittle stars Paraíba continental shelf, (Echinodermata:Ophiuroidea) of the Northeastern Brazil. ZooKeys, 307, Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean Sea. 45–96. Caribbean Journal of Science 1-42. Price, A.R.G., 1983. Echinoderms of Grober, M.S., 1990. Aposematisrn and Saudi Arabia. Echinoderms of the bioluminescence in coastal marine Arabian Gulf coast of Saudi Arabia. communities. In Adaptative Fauna of Saudi Arabia, 5, 28-108. coloration in invertebrates (ed. M. Sponer, R., 2002. Phylogeography and Wicksten), pp. 77-87. evolutionary history of the Hendler, G., 1995. Echinoderms of cosmopolitan, brooding brittle star Florida and the Caribbean, Sea stars, Amphipholis squamata (Delle sea urchins and allies Class Chiaje, 1828; Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea: 89-195, Smithsonian Ophiuroidea). PhD. thesis, Institution Press, Washington. University of Otago. Herring, P.J., 1987. Systematic Sponer, R., Roy, M.S. and Mladenov, distribution of bioluminescence in P.V., 1999. Molecular evolution of living organisms. Journal of Amphipholis squamata Bioluminescence and (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea): High Chemiluminescence, 1, 147-163. genetic differences among Khaleghi, M. and Owfi, F., 2011. populations. In: M.D. Candia Identification of Echinoidea species Carnevali and F. Bonasoro (Eds): in the intertidal zones of Chabahar 1261 Attaran-Fariman and Beygmoradi, The first report of Amphipholis squamata …

Echinoderm Research 1998: 405- 408. Stohr, S., Conad, C. and Boissin, E., 2008. Brittle stars (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea) from La Réunion and the systematic position of Ophiocanops Koehler, 1922. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 153, 545–560. Tortonese, E., 1932. Osservazioni sul colore di alcuni Echinodermi. Natura (Milano), 23, 160-164. Viviani, D., 1805. Phasphorescencia maris quattuordecim lucescentium animalculorum novis speciebus ilhstrata. Genova.