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Nemyriv in the Podolia

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Nemyriv in the Podolia "#$%&'()'")*+#),-.-/'0)M)0)2-&3-**#")4&50")#6,#&'$#"*) OF THE LATE 18 TH CENTURY ,#*&-)&%7+8-( In contemporary Ukraine, there are two towns 9:;<=>)?@A?BB=AAC?DE)F?G)GH=)<=:I)CJBG);C)GH=)A;KBJDD=>) @JL=>)"=LI:M<P)-@=)MA)D;BJG=>)M@)GH=)/<M<)-FDJAGE)GH=) "=LI:M<)0AA=LFDI)F=M@N)B;@<=@=>)GH=:=)MA)G=AGML;@I) ;GH=:)M@),;>;DMJE)(M@@IGAMJ)-FDJAGP)'G)MA)GH=)DJGG=:E)A;) to the importance of the town at the time. CJ:)RH;DDI)?@AG?>M=>E)GHJG)RJA)GH=)A?FU=BG);C)J):J>MBJD) *H=:=)MA)@;)BJ:G;N:J9HMB):=B;:>);C)GH=)A9JGMJD)J:K planimetric transformation in late 18th century. Some :J@N=L=@G);C)GH=)=J:DI)A=GGD=L=@G)M@)"=LI:M<RA)9:=K L=JA?:=L=@G)9DJ@A)C;?@>)JL;@N)J:BHM<JD)LJG=:MJDA) A=@G)D;BJGM;@P)/;;QM@N)JG)G;9;N:J9HMB)=<M>=@B=)J@>)GH=) HJ<=)@;R)LJ>=)MG)9;AAMFD=)G;)HJ<=)J)BD;A=:)D;;Q)M@G;) natural environment around the town, as well as the "=LI:M<RA)CJABM@JGM@N)HMAG;:I);C)G;R@)9DJ@@M@N)=cK A?:<M<M@N)AG:==G)N:M>)J@>)GH=):=LJM@A);C)GH=)F?DRJ:QE) perimentation. ;@=)LMNHG)HI9;GH=AMA=)JF;?G)GH=);<=:JDD)A9JGMJD)9JGG=:@) *H=)[:AG)JGG=L9G)JG)AIAG=LJGMAM@N)RHJG)MA)Q@;R@);C) ;C)GH=)J@BM=@G)A=GGD=L=@G)S2MNP) TP Nemyriv was Lucyna Stadnicka’s series of articles enK $JU;:)BHJ@N=A)M@)GH=)J::J@N=L=@G)J@>)J:BHMG=BG?:=) GMGD=>)O"M=LM:R),;>;DAQM)QM=>IV)M)>WMVP)S*H=)9JAG)J@>) ;C)"=LI:M<)BJL=)G;)F=)RH=@)GH=)BMGI)F=BJL=)9:;9=:GI) present of Nemyriv in Podolia). 1 Near the town in its ;C)3:J@>)7HJLF=:DJM@);C)GH=)7:;R@E)DM=?G=@J@GKN=@K shape at the time, Stadnicka noticed evident remains of =:JD);C)GH=)0:LI);C)GH=)7:;R@E)L=LF=:);C),J:DMJL=@G) G:=@BH=A)J@>)F?DRJ:QA)RHMBH)AH=)B;@AM>=:=>)=<M>=@B=) J@>)J@)J:>=@G)B;DD=BG;:)VM@B=@GI),;G;BQMP)0BB;:>M@N) that the settlement once served defensive purposes. G;)A?:<M<M@N)>;B?L=@GJGM;@E)M@) !! )H=)M@H=:MG=>)C:;L) +;R=<=:E):=B=@G)J:BHJ=;D;NMBJD)AG?>M=A)A==L)G;)A?NK HMA)BHMD>D=AA)F:;GH=:)2:J@BMAW=Q)J)LJU;:)A?L);C)L;@=I) N=AG)GHMA)NMNJ@GMB)AG:;@NH;D>)S@=J:DI) [[[)HJ)M@)J:=JT) J@>)GH=)"=LI:M<):=NM;@)M@)GH=)5:JBJR),:;<M@B=E)M@K >JG=A)FJBQ)G;)GH=)GML=A);C)^BIGHMJ@AE)J99:;cMLJG=DI) BD?>M@N)GH=)G;R@A);C)"=LI:M<)J@>)8;RJDRQJE)JA) !Mf th centuries B.C., 2)J@>)GH=:=C;:=)B;?D>)@;G)F=)M@) R=DD)JA)Z[)<MDDJN=A)J@>)LJ@;:AP 4 He also owned lands any way associated with the more modern history of M@)GH=)\FJ:Jb),:M@BM9JDMGIE)^J@>;LM=:W),:;<M@B=)J@>) the town. in Lithuania. Wincenty Potocki was an ardent collec K '@)LM>K Z th )B=@G?:I)"=LI:M<)RJA);R@=>)FI)GH=) G;:);C)J:GE)J)H;FFI)RHMBH)G;;Q)L?BH);C)HMA)GML=)J@>) 7W=GR=:GILAQM)CJLMDIP)/JG=:)MG)F=BJL=)9:;9=:GI);C)GH=) money. 5)+MA)FM;N:J9H=:A):=9;:G)HMA)LJ@I)G:M9A)G;),J:MA) +;?A=);C)\FJ:JAQME)GH=@)GH=)+;?A=);C)VMV@M;RM=BQMP) J@>)HMA)>=DMNHG)M@)GH=)BMGIRA)B?DG?:JD)J@>)J:GMAGMB)DMC=P) '@)GH=)I=J:A) Z![M Z!h)"=LI:M<)RJA)<MAMG=>)FI)4DK 0L;@N),J:MAMJ@),;D=A)H=)RJA)B;@AM>=:=>)J)LJ@);C) :IQ)V=:>?LE)RH;)>=AB:MF=>)HMA)AGJI)JA)J)CJM:DI)9D=JAK 9:;N:=AAM<=)<M=RAE)GH;?NH);@=);C)HMA)JB_?JM@GJ@B=A) J@G)=c9=:M=@B=`)O /$&0%"1&$+&'"&#&*,#!2-( &3-$$3"&$+.(4& AJM>)JF;?G)HML`)O full of reproach for his fellow Poles, %0!!+0(1"1&'5&#(&"2'#(62"($&.-$,&.++1"(& #$"%7& all truly Polish traditions seem to him most crookedPP Z From the south it is protected by a lake, on whose *HMA);9M@M;@)BJ@)NM<=)?A)A;L=)BD?=)JA)G;)GH=):=JA;@) '#(6&#&(-*"&*#%$3"&%$#(1%7&8,"&9#9#3&*,0!*,&-%&2#1"& C;:),;G;BQMRA)BMGI)9DJ@@M@N)JLFMGM;@A)M@)"=LM:M<)J@>) +)&%$+("4&$,"&:0$,"(-#(&+("&+)&.++1&#(1&$,"&$+.(&,#33& HMA)DJ:N=)ABJD=)?:FJ@)=c9=:ML=@GP)'G)RJA)HMA)RJI);C) -%&.++1"(&$++7&8,"&$+.(&-%&(+.&#(&-(,"!-$"1&9!+9"!$5& =c9:=AAM@N)HMA)=@GH?AMJAL)C;:)R=AG=:@)#?:;9=J@)B?DK +)&;!&a#'(-*6-7 P) 3 G?:JD)G:=@>A)J@>);C)J>;9GM@N)GH=L)M@)GH=),;DMAH)=JAG=:@) '@) !i!E)M@)GH=)"=LI:M<)BJAGD=)jW=C),;G;BQM):=K frontier. It was not without reason that in his article B=M<=>)<MAMG;:A)C:;L)GH:==)RJ::M@N)B;?@G:M=A`)&?AAMJE) JF;?G)"=LI:M<)&;LJ@)0CGJ@JWI)BJDD=>),;G;BQM)O the 0?AG:MJ)J@>)*?:Q=IP)*H=)C;DD;RM@N)GR;KL;@GH)GJDQA) !"#$"%$&'"(")#*$+!&+)&$,-%&$+.( PP ! 1 L. Stadnicka, =-"2-!.&?+1+3%6-&(-" 15V&-&1A-V E)O3JW=GJ)/?F=DK 4 ,;DAQM)^;R@MQ)5M;N:J[BW@I)S,^5T)n ?+3-%,&F-+ !#9,-*#3&G-*H AQJPE) kklE)";P)h mMhhiP tionary oE)(;DP)hkphE)MAA?=) !E)V:;BJR) mkfE)9P)hhkP 2 ="25!-B%6"& +!+156" E)#@BIQD;9=>MJ)4Q:JM@IE)(;DP)!E)8M=<) 5 ^==`)6P)/MAQ=E)9P)hlmP h[ [E)9P)iZZKiZ!P Z ,^5E)(;DP)hkphE)MAA?=) !E)9P)hh!P) 3 See: X. Liske, E01A+A-"2*5&.&?+3%*" E)/<M<) k!ZE)9P) iP ! R. Aftanazy, G#.("&.+I".1A$.+&F!#*#.%6-" , ;#$"!-#5&1+& 1A-"I.&!"A51"(*I4 )(;DP)60E VJ:AJR) mm E)9P) m P ! 'G)RJA)RMGH;?G)>;?FG)VM@B=@GI),;G;BQMRA)>=DMF=:K *H=)@=R)9DJ@@M@N)=CC;:GA)_?MBQDI)F;:=)GH=)[:AG) ate choice to make Nemyriv his main residence in the :=A?DGAP)0BB;:>M@N)G;)J),:?AAMJ@)G:J<=DD=:E)DM=?G=@J@G) A;?GHK=JAG);C),;DJ@>P)^=<=:JD)CJBG;:A)B;@G:MF?G=>)G;) =@NM@==:)+JLLJ:>E)JD:=J>I)M@) !ki)"=LI:M<)B;?D>) this decision: the adjacency of principal farm lands, F;JAG)J)R=DDK>=<=D;9=>)M@C:JAG:?BG?:=P)*H=:=)R=:=) the presence of town infrastructure, mild climate and @=J:DI)l[[)H;?A=AE)A=<=:JD)LJ:Q=G)A_?J:=AE)M@@A)RMGH) 9MBG?:=A_?=)DJ@>ABJ9=A);C)GH=),;>;DMJ):=NM;@P)'@)HMA) AGJFD=A)J@>)C;?:)BH?:BH=A`);@=)3:==Q)7JGH;DMBE)GR;) G:J<=DAE),;G;BQM)RJA)=JN=:)G;)=c9D;:=)@=R)=B;@;LMB) &;LJ@)7JGH;DMB)J@>);@=),:;G=AGJ@GP)$=@GM;@M@N)GH=) trends, and incorporated them upon his return in the G;R@)G;)F=)GH=)9:;9=:GI);C);@=);C)GH=):MBH=AG)@;FD=L=@) LJ@JN=L=@G);C)HMA)DJ@>AP)2;:)=cJL9D=E)H=)M@MGMJG=>) of Ukraine, Hammard notes that the owner’s castle DJ:N=KABJD=)9:;>?BGM;@);C)9;GJAH)M@)"=LI:M<P AG;;>);@)J)HMNH)N:J@MG=)HMDD)J@>)H;?A=>)J)G=cGMD=)CJBG;K *H=)R=AG=:@)M@A9M:JGM;@A)J@>)B:=JGM<=)JLFMGM;@A);C) :IE)RHMBH)M@) !kl)=L9D;I=>) h[)R;:Q=:AP)0G)GH=)GML=E) Wincenty Potocki eventually caused him to undertake GH=)9DJ@G)RJA)LJ@JN=>)FI)J)3=:LJ@)@JL=>)$MDD=:P 10 GH=)GJAQ);C):=B;@AG:?BGM@N)"=LI:M<)JBB;:>M@N)G;)GH=) Sadly, no materials survive that would offer detail DJG=AG)G;R@)9DJ@@M@N)G:=@>A);C)GH=)DJG=) k th century, ;C)GH=);:MNM@JD)>=AMN@)C;:)GH=):=B;@AG:?BGM;@);C)"=K J)GML=)RH=@)BDJAAMBMAL)@;G);@DI):=MN@=>)M@)J:BHMG=BK myriv. There are, however, three measurement plans G?:JD)AGIDMAGMBAE)F?G)RJA)JDA;)F=M@N)M@G:;>?B=>)G;)?:FJ@) ;C)GH=)BMGI)RHMBH)A?:<M<=>)G;);?:)GML=)J@>)BJ@)NM<=) >=AMN@P)5?G)MG)RJA)@;G);@DI)J:BHMG=BG?:JD)B;@AM>=:JGM;@A) ?A)A;L=)N=@=:JD)M>=J)JF;?G)GH=)LJGG=:P)*H=:=)MA)JDA;) GHJG)9:;L9G=>)GH=)N:=JG):=B;@AG:?BGM;@P)*H=)9:;U=BG) :=JA;@)G;)F=DM=<=)GHJG)VM@B=@GI),;G;BQM)JBGM<=DI)9J:K RJA)9:MLJ:MDI)JML=>)JG)B:=JGM@N)J)B;L9D=c);C)B;LK GMBM9JG=>)M@)GH=)G:J@AC;:LJGM;@)9:;B=AAP)*H=)=cJL9D=) mercial facilities that would cater to the town’s needs A=G)FI)QM@N)^GJ@MAJR)0?N?AG),;@MJG;RAQM)LMNHG)HJ<=) J@>)=@A?:=)9:;>?BGM;@);C)N;;>A)G;)F=)A;D>);@)=cG=:@JD) 9:;L9G=>)A;L=);C)GH=)L;AG)JC\?=@G)@;FD=A)G;)>;)A;P LJ:Q=GAP)*H=)LJ@?CJBG?:M@N)9DJ@GA)M@BD?>=>)J)GJ@@=:I) *H=)=J:DM=AG);C)GH=)J<JMDJFD=)L=JA?:=L=@G)9DJ@A);C) RHMBH)9:;>?B=>)O#@NDMAH)_?JDMGIP)D=JGH=:E)J)F:;J>K "=LI:M<)MA)>JG=>) !kl 11 )S2MNP)hTP).:JR@)AML9DMAGMBJDDI) BD;GH)LJ@?CJBG?:M@N)CJBMDMGIE)J)R=J9;@)CJBG;:I)SRHMBH) FI)7J9GJM@)+P).=)5J<=:)S5;<=:rTE)GH=)9DJ@);CC=:A)@;) LJ@?CJBG?:=>)AJF:=A)J@>):M\=ATE)J)HJG)LJ@?CJBG?:=:E) >=GJMD=>)Q=I)JA)G;)GH=)F?MD>M@NA)MG):=9:=A=@GAP)*H=:=)J:=) a percale factory and other production plants.
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  • 1 Introduction
    State Service of Geodesy, Cartography and Cadastre State Scientific Production Enterprise “Kartographia” TOPONYMIC GUIDELINES For map and other editors For international use Ukraine Kyiv “Kartographia” 2011 TOPONYMIC GUIDELINES FOR MAP AND OTHER EDITORS, FOR INTERNATIONAL USE UKRAINE State Service of Geodesy, Cartography and Cadastre State Scientific Production Enterprise “Kartographia” ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Prepared by Nina Syvak, Valerii Ponomarenko, Olha Khodzinska, Iryna Lakeichuk Scientific Consultant Iryna Rudenko Reviewed by Nataliia Kizilowa Translated by Olha Khodzinska Editor Lesia Veklych ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ © Kartographia, 2011 ISBN 978-966-475-839-7 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 Introduction ................................................................ 5 2 The Ukrainian Language............................................ 5 2.1 General Remarks.............................................. 5 2.2 The Ukrainian Alphabet and Romanization of the Ukrainian Alphabet ............................... 6 2.3 Pronunciation of Ukrainian Geographical Names............................................................... 9 2.4 Stress .............................................................. 11 3 Spelling Rules for the Ukrainian Geographical Names....................................................................... 11 4 Spelling of Generic Terms ....................................... 13 5 Place Names in Minority Languages
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  • State Building in Revolutionary Ukraine
    STATE BUILDING IN REVOLUTIONARY UKRAINE Unauthenticated Download Date | 3/31/17 3:49 PM This page intentionally left blank Unauthenticated Download Date | 3/31/17 3:49 PM STEPHEN VELYCHENKO STATE BUILDING IN REVOLUTIONARY UKRAINE A Comparative Study of Governments and Bureaucrats, 1917–1922 UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO PRESS Toronto Buffalo London Unauthenticated Download Date | 3/31/17 3:49 PM © University of Toronto Press Incorporated 2011 Toronto Buffalo London www.utppublishing.com Printed in Canada ISBN 978-1-4426-4132-7 Printed on acid-free, 100% post-consumer recycled paper with vegetable- based inks. Library and Archives Canada Cataloguing in Publication Velychenko, Stephen State building in revolutionary Ukraine: a comparative study of governments and bureaucrats, 1917–1922/Stephen Velychenko. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-1-4426-4132-7 1. Ukraine – Politics and government – 1917–1945. 2. Public adminstration – Ukraine – History – 20th century. 3. Nation-building – Ukraine – History – 20th century 4. Comparative government. I. Title DK508.832.V442011 320.9477'09041 C2010-907040-2 The research for this book was made possible by University of Toronto Humanities and Social Sciences Research Grants, by the Katedra Foundation, and the John Yaremko Teaching Fellowship. This book has been published with the help of a grant from the Canadian Federation for the Humanities and Social Sciences, through the Aid to Scholarly Publications Programme, using funds provided by the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada. University of Toronto Press acknowledges the fi nancial assistance to its publishing program of the Canada Council for the Arts and the Ontario Arts Council. University of Toronto Press acknowledges the fi nancial support of the Government of Canada through the Canada Book Fund for its publishing activities.
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  • Jewish Cemeteries, Synagogues, and Mass Grave Sites in Ukraine
    JEWISH CEMETERIES, SYNAGOGUES, AND MASS GRAVE SITES IN UKRAINE United States Commission for the Preservation of America’s Heritage Abroad 2005 UNITED STATES COMMISSION FOR THE PRESERVATION OF AMERICA’S HERITAGE ABROAD Warren L. Miller, Chairman McLean, VA Members: Ned Bandler August B. Pust Bridgewater, CT Euclid, OH Chaskel Besser Menno Ratzker New York, NY Monsey, NY Amy S. Epstein Harriet Rotter Pinellas Park, FL Bingham Farms, MI Edgar Gluck Lee Seeman Brooklyn, NY Great Neck, NY Phyllis Kaminsky Steven E. Some Potomac, MD Princeton, NJ Zvi Kestenbaum Irving Stolberg Brooklyn, NY New Haven, CT Daniel Lapin Ari Storch Mercer Island, WA Potomac, MD Gary J. Lavine Staff: Fayetteville, NY Jeffrey L. Farrow Michael B. Levy Executive Director Washington, DC Samuel Gruber Rachmiel Liberman Research Director Brookline, MA Katrina A. Krzysztofiak Laura Raybin Miller Program Manager Pembroke Pines, FL Patricia Hoglund Vincent Obsitnik Administrative Officer McLean, VA 888 17th Street, N.W., Suite 1160 Washington, DC 20006 Ph: ( 202) 254-3824 Fax: ( 202) 254-3934 E-mail: [email protected] May 30, 2005 Message from the Chairman One of the principal missions that United States law assigns the Commission for the Preservation of America’s Heritage Abroad is to identify and report on cemeteries, monuments, and historic buildings in Central and Eastern Europe associated with the cultural heritage of U.S. citizens, especially endangered sites. The Congress and the President were prompted to establish the Commission because of the special problem faced by Jewish sites in the region: The communities that had once cared for the properties were annihilated during the Holocaust.
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  • Introduction
    Introduction R a y B r a n d o n a n d W e n d y L o w e r Before the Second World War, the Jews of Ukraine constituted one of the largest Jewish populations in Europe.1 They were without a doubt the largest Jewish population within the Russian Empire and the Soviet Union.2 And between July 1940 and June 1941—af­ ter Stalin occupied the interwar Polish territories of eastern Gali­ cia and western Volhynia as well as the interwar Romanian territo­ ries of northern Bukovina and southern Bessarabia—the number of Jews in the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic (UkrSSR) rose to at least 2.45 million persons, thus making it for a brief period home to the largest Jewish population in Europe.3 Despite the size of Ukraine’s Jewish population, academics and laypersons alike have for over two generations tended to talk about the Holocaust in the Soviet Union, Poland, Romania, or Hungary, but not about the Holocaust in Ukraine, which is the subject of this book. The reason for this traditional approach is evident. Unlike any of the aforementioned countries, Ukraine from the mid-thir­ teenth until the mid-twentieth century was but an ensemble of disparate territories partitioned among several neighboring pow­ ers. Ukrainian efforts to establish a state in these lands in the aftermath of the First World War were thwarted by internecine factionalism as well as Polish national aspirations and Soviet rev­ olutionary ambitions. Between the Polish-Soviet peace of 1920 and the Nazi-Soviet pact of 1939, the lands of modern Ukraine were split among Poland (eastern Galicia and western Volhynia), Czechoslovakia (Transcarpathia), Romania (northern Bukovina and southern Bessarabia), and the Soviet Union.
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  • Classic Palace Architecture of the Eastern Podillia in Ukraine: Historical Background and Key Factors
    ARCHITECTURE CIVIL ENGINEERING E NVIRONMENT The Silesian University of Technology No. 3/2018 doi : 10.21307/ACEE-2018-034 CLASSIC PALACE ARCHITECTURE OF THE EASTERN PODILLIA IN UKRAINE: HISTORICAL BACKGROUND AND KEY FACTORS Oksana KHOROSHA a*, Volodymyr SMOLIAK b a Grad. Student; Faculty of Civil Engineering, Thermal Power Engineering and Gas Supply, Vinnytsia National Technical University, 95 Khmelnytske shose, Vinnytsia, Ukraine, 21021 * E-mail address: [email protected] b PhD; Faculty of Civil Engineering, Thermal Power Engineering and Gas Supply, Vinnytsia National Technical University, 95 Khmelnytske shose, Vinnytsia, Ukraine Received: 14.04.2018; Revised: 24.07.2018; Accepted: 11.09.2018 Abstract The article deals with the palace architecture of the style of classicism in the Eastern Podillia in Ukraine of the late 18 th and early 20 th centuries, in the context of historical and socio-political backgrounds. This issue remains poorly studied, because it was not considered comprehensively for Eastern Podillia. The purpose of the article is to establish the factors and his - torical preconditions of the architecture of the palace complexes in accordance with the world tendencies and regional fea - tures of Eastern Podillia. The complex of general scientific and special research methods was applied in the work. It was established, that the palace architecture of Eastern Podillia was formed dependent on socio-economic and political changes in society, a complex of the main factors and worldview-cultural desires of the owners of estates. Determined, that the prin - ciples of the European classicism had an impact on the creation of conceptual features and typical signs of the palace com - plexes of the Eastern Podilia in the context of regional architectural tendencies and belonging to the territory of the Polish- Lithuanian Commonwealth in the 18 century.
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