Thomas Chatterton and the Performance of Literary Thesis Title : Professionalism
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Nineteenth-Century Churches in Prince Edward Island and Their Place in the Gothic Revival
ANALYSIS I ANALYSE NINETEENTH-CENTURY CHURCHES IN PRINCE EDWARD ISLAND AND THEIR PLACE IN THE GOTHIC REVIVAL P1' ofessor Ma lcolm rl1ur!by, Ph.D F S A . >MALCOLM THURLBY 1 teaches r-nedi eval art and ar~cflitect:LH' e , and Canadian Bl'Ch!teCLLwe in the Oepar,trnent of Visual Arts. York University . His latest book, Rornonesque Architecture and Sculpture in !!Vales, was published by Loga,;ton P1·ess , Almeley INTRODUCTION fH er efol'dShll'el. 111 ,June 2006. The nineteenth-century churches of Prince Edward Island are relatively well known thanks to the publications of H.M. Scott Smith, Canon Robert Tuck, and Father Art O'Shea. 2 Smith provides a useful starting point for any study of the churches on t he Island. Yet there are some strange omis sions from his books, not least of which are three churches in Charlottetown. First, there is the monumental, one thousand two hundred-seater Trinity Wesleyan Methodist (now United) Church, built in 1863-1864; then, St. Peter's Anglican Cathedral, 1867-1869, and St. James Old Kirk, 1877, both by David Stirling (1822- 1887), one of the most accomplished nineteenth-century architects in the Atlantic provinces. William Critchlow Harris (1854-1913), who apprenticed with Stirling from 1870 to 1875, was respon sible for a large number of churches in Prince Ed ward Island, all of which are carefully documented by Robert Tuck. Art O'Shea provides a com prehensive over view of Roman Catholic churches in Prince Ed ward Island, complete w ith excellent colour photographs. This paper builds on the work of these authors to inves tigate the nineteenth-century churches of Prince Ed ward Island in the context of the Gothic Revival in Canada, Britain, and the United States. -
James Macpherson's Ossian Poems, Oral Traditions, and the Invention Of
Oral Tradition, 24/2 (2009): 393-414 James Macpherson’s Ossian Poems, Oral Traditions, and the Invention of Voice James Mulholland The Invention of Voice and the Intimacy of the Oral Text When James Macpherson’s Fragments of Ancient Poetry, Collected in the Highlands of Scotland, and Translated from the Galic or Erse Language appeared in 1760, it was greeted with widespread approval. Macpherson’s collection purported to translate the work of Ossian, a semi- mythical third-century C. E. Scottish bard in the mold of Homer, who preserved his culture’s traditions in song. The claim that this collection was the “genuine remains of ancient Scottish poetry” attracted passionate adherents (Macpherson 1966:A2). For nationalistic Scots, Ossian provided a tantalizing image of an advanced culture comparable to and contemporaneous with those of classical Greece and Rome. For many English authors, Ossian served as an example of native British creativity that superseded the neoclassicism of the early eighteenth century.1 Thomas Gray declared, for example, that he was in “extasie” after reading the Ossian poems and characterized Macpherson as a thrilling “demon” of poetry (Gray 1935:ii, 680). This “extasie” partly inspired Gray to compose his own imitations of Norse and Celtic folktales. Ossian’s popularity traveled widely outside of Great Britain; prominent literary and political figures, including the German author Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, Thomas Jefferson, and Napoleon Bonaparte offered enthusiastic assessments of the sentimentality and humanity that they saw in the poems. The fervor of such readers was met with equally forceful skepticism. Many critics suggested that Macpherson fabricated Ossian and forged his poems to succeed in a literary marketplace that had largely ignored his earlier publications.2 Samuel Johnson unequivocally asserted that the poems cannot be “genuine remains” because, he believed, it was impossible for oral transmission to preserve poetry of any considerable length or cultural traditions of any complexity (Johnson and Boswell 1984:113-14). -
Timeline1800 18001600
TIMELINE1800 18001600 Date York Date Britain Date Rest of World 8000BCE Sharpened stone heads used as axes, spears and arrows. 7000BCE Walls in Jericho built. 6100BCE North Atlantic Ocean – Tsunami. 6000BCE Dry farming developed in Mesopotamian hills. - 4000BCE Tigris-Euphrates planes colonized. - 3000BCE Farming communities spread from south-east to northwest Europe. 5000BCE 4000BCE 3900BCE 3800BCE 3760BCE Dynastic conflicts in Upper and Lower Egypt. The first metal tools commonly used in agriculture (rakes, digging blades and ploughs) used as weapons by slaves and peasant ‘infantry’ – first mass usage of expendable foot soldiers. 3700BCE 3600BCE © PastSearch2012 - T i m e l i n e Page 1 Date York Date Britain Date Rest of World 3500BCE King Menes the Fighter is victorious in Nile conflicts, establishes ruling dynasties. Blast furnace used for smelting bronze used in Bohemia. Sumerian civilization developed in south-east of Tigris-Euphrates river area, Akkadian civilization developed in north-west area – continual warfare. 3400BCE 3300BCE 3200BCE 3100BCE 3000BCE Bronze Age begins in Greece and China. Egyptian military civilization developed. Composite re-curved bows being used. In Mesopotamia, helmets made of copper-arsenic bronze with padded linings. Gilgamesh, king of Uruk, first to use iron for weapons. Sage Kings in China refine use of bamboo weaponry. 2900BCE 2800BCE Sumer city-states unite for first time. 2700BCE Palestine invaded and occupied by Egyptian infantry and cavalry after Palestinian attacks on trade caravans in Sinai. 2600BCE 2500BCE Harrapan civilization developed in Indian valley. Copper, used for mace heads, found in Mesopotamia, Syria, Palestine and Egypt. Sumerians make helmets, spearheads and axe blades from bronze. -
Introduction
Notes Introduction 1. The Covent Garden Jester (London: J. Roach, 1780?), p. 6; The Festival of Wit (London: M. A. Holland, 1782), p. 7. 2. William Wordsworth, Poems, in Two Volumes (London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, & Orme, 1807), vol. 1, pp. 97–105. 3. See A. D. Harvey, ‘The Cult of Chatterton amongst English Poets c.1770– c.1820’, Zeitschrift für Anglistik und Amerikanistik 39 (1991), pp. 124–33; and John Goodridge, ‘Rowley’s Ghost: A Checklist of Creative Works Inspired by Thomas Chatterton’s Life and Writings’, Romantic Culture, pp. 262–92. 4. William Hazlitt, ‘On Swift, Young, Gray, Collins, &c.’, Lectures on the English Poets (London: Taylor and Hessey, 1818), pp. 206–44 (243). 5. Samuel Johnson, The Adventurer 115 (11 December 1753), in W. J. Bate, John M. Bullitt and L. F. Powell (eds), The Idler and The Adventurer (New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 1963), pp. 456–61. 6. Forger’s Shadow, p. 58. 7. Nick Groom, ‘Original Copies; Counterfeit Forgeries’, Critical Quarterly 43 (2001), pp. 6–18 (16). 8. Louise J. Kaplan, The Family Romance of the Imposter-Poet Thomas Chatterton (Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1987); and Esther P. Ellinger, Thomas Chatterton, The Marvelous Boy (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1930). See also Al Alvarez, The Savage God: A Study of Suicide (New York and London: W. W. Norton & Company, 1990 [1971]), pp. 209–34. 9. Susan Stewart, Crimes of Writing: Problems in the Containment of Representation (Durham, NC, and London: Oxford University Press, 1994), pp. 120–3 and 148–55. -
Notes on North Meols
NOTES ON NORTH MEOLS. By F, H. Cheetham, F.S.A. Read March I3th, 1924. I. DID ST. CUTHBERT'S BODY REST THERE ? fTlHE churches of North Meols and Halsall are both JL dedicated to St. Cuthbert. It has sometimes been supposed that Halsall was one of the resting places of the saint's body during its seven years' wanderings while the Danes were ravaging Northumbria (875-883),1 and the same supposition, sometimes dignified by the name of " tradition," has been advanced as regards North Mcols. Of recent years local historians have made much of this belief and, not satisfied with mere " tradition," have ended by turning it into historical fact.2 Others, less bold, have adopted a half-way course. Thus the late bishop of Sodor and Man, Dr. James Denton Thompson, in 1904, when rector of North Meols, wrote: There can be little doubt that the foundation of the church must be traced to the time of the Danish invasion A.D. 875. During that period, with a view to preserving the body of their patron St. Cuthbert from unholy hands, the monks of Lindisfarne carried the corpse from place to place for about seven years. 1 See V.C.H. Lanes., iii, 188. 2 Notes on Southport and District, 1908, by the Rev. W. T. Bulpit, p. 53; The Spires, Towers, etc., of Southporl, 1922, by Joseph Pearce. In every Anglican church in Southport is exhibited a framed list of the rectors of North Meols, with notes on outstanding events in the ecclesiastical life of the parish. -
From Forger to Author: William Henry Ireland's Shakespeare Papers
FROM FORGER TO AUTHOR: WILLIAM HENRY accepted as the dramatic idol that Garrick intended, IRELAND’S SHAKESPEARE PAPERS he had to assume a form compatible with his audience’s tastes. James Boswell attended the By John Ridpath actor’s 1769 Shakespeare Jubilee, and in a letter to The London Magazine, describes the event in neo- classicist terms typical of his age: It took over one hundred years for William Shakespeare to gain the literary pre-eminence familiar [It was] an elegant and truly classical to contemporary readers. A renewed interest in the celebration of the memory of Shakespeare, author’s work during the eighteenth century was that illustrious poet, whom all ages will marked by theatrical revivals, new editions of the admire as the world has hitherto done. It plays and renowned Shakespearean performances by was truly an antique idea, a Grecian thought, famed actor David Garrick. But with this resurgence to institute a splendid festival in honour of a in popularity, some readers began to call attention to bard.5 perceived gaps in the bard’s biography. In the mid- 1790s, these gaps were briefly filled with ‘newly In his letter Boswell goes on to call Garrick ‘the discovered’ letters, deeds and occasional poetry, colourist of Shakespeare’s soul’; Ireland’s forgeries exhibited to the public and finally published in 1796. operate on a similar impulse, adapting the life of Forged by William Henry Ireland, these documents Shakespeare to contemporary tastes much as poets refashioned Shakespeare to the tastes of his age.1 The had adapted his drama. Throughout the forgeries forger went on to make larger creative impositions we encounter Nicholas Rowe’s Shakespeare: ‘he upon the life and work of the dramatist, writing was in himself a good-natur’d man, of great himself into the playwright’s life and adapting his sweetness in his manners, and a most agreeable plays to meet eighteenth-century standards of companion’. -
Old English Libraries; the Making, Collection and Use of Books During
Presented to the UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO LIBRARY by the ONTARIO LEGISLATIVE LIBRARY 1980 THE ANTIQUARY'S BOOKS GENERAL EDITOR: J. CHARLES COX, LL.D., F.S.A. OLD ENGLISH LIBRARIES tame antcotflttnrt mcrrto Arm to ABBOT WHETHAMSTEDE OLD ENGLIS1 LIBRARIES a!U. THE MAKING, COLLECTION, AND USE OF BOOKS DURING THE MIDDLE AGES BY ERNEST A. SAVAGE WITH FIFTY-TWO ILLUSTRATIONS METHUEN & CO. LTD. 36 ESSEX STREET W.C. LONDON First Published in ipn PREFACE the arrangement and equipment of WITHlibraries this essay has little to do : the ground being already covered adequately by Dr. Clark in his admirable monograph on The Care of Books. Herein is described the making, use, and circulation of books considered as a means of literary culture. It seemed possible to throw a useful sidelight on literary history, and to introduce some human interest into the study of bibliography, if the place held by books in the life of the Middle Ages could be indicated. Such, at all events, was my aim, but I am far from sure of my success in it out and I offer this book as carrying ; merely a discursive and popular treatment of a subject which seems to me of great interest. The book has suffered from one unhappy circum- stance. It was planned in collaboration with my friend Mr. James Hutt, M.A., but unfortunately, owing to a breakdown of health, Mr. Hutt was only able to help me in the composition of the chapter on the Libraries of Oxford, which is chiefly his work. Had it been possible for Mr. -
Images of the Courtier in Elizabethan England
IMAGES OF THE COURTIER IN ELIZABETHAN ENGLAND by MARY PARTRIDGE A thesis submitted to The University of Birmingham for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Department of Modern History School of Historical Studies The University of Birmingham April 2008 University of Birmingham Research Archive e-theses repository This unpublished thesis/dissertation is copyright of the author and/or third parties. The intellectual property rights of the author or third parties in respect of this work are as defined by The Copyright Designs and Patents Act 1988 or as modified by any successor legislation. Any use made of information contained in this thesis/dissertation must be in accordance with that legislation and must be properly acknowledged. Further distribution or reproduction in any format is prohibited without the permission of the copyright holder. This thesis evaluates cultural constructs of the courtier in Elizabethan England. It focuses particularly on Castiglione’s Book of the Courtier. The Courtier is generally recognised as one of the most influential texts in Renaissance Europe. It was originally published in Venice in 1528; the first English translation was produced by Thomas Hoby in 1561. This thesis aims to provide an integrated analysis of Castiglione’s contribution to English political culture throughout the second half of the sixteenth century. It considers the circumstances in which Hoby translated the Courtier, and his motives for doing so. It identifies two distinct models of courtliness delineated by the Urbino interlocutors, and assesses the extent to which these models influenced the self-presentation of leading Elizabethan politicians. The thesis also engages with negative characterisations of the courtier. -
CONTEXTS of the CADAVER TOMB IN. FIFTEENTH CENTURY ENGLAND a Volumes (T) Volume Ltext
CONTEXTS OF THE CADAVER TOMB IN. FIFTEENTH CENTURY ENGLAND a Volumes (T) Volume LText. PAMELA MARGARET KING D. Phil. UNIVERSITY OF YORK CENTRE FOR MEDIEVAL STUDIES October, 1987. TABLE QE CONTENTS Volume I Abstract 1 List of Abbreviations 2 Introduction 3 I The Cadaver Tomb in Fifteenth Century England: The Problem Stated. 7 II The Cadaver Tomb in Fifteenth Century England: The Surviving Evidence. 57 III The Cadaver Tomb in Fifteenth Century England: Theological and Literary Background. 152 IV The Cadaver Tomb in England to 1460: The Clergy and the Laity. 198 V The Cadaver Tomb in England 1460-1480: The Clergy and the Laity. 301 VI The Cadaver Tomb in England 1480-1500: The Clergy and the Laity. 372 VII The Cadaver Tomb in Late Medieval England: Problems of Interpretation. 427 Conclusion 484 Appendix 1: Cadaver Tombs Elsewhere in the British Isles. 488 Appendix 2: The Identity of the Cadaver Tomb in York Minster. 494 Bibliography: i. Primary Sources: Unpublished 499 ii. Primary Sources: Published 501 iii. Secondary Sources. 506 Volume II Illustrations. TABU QE ILLUSTRATIONS Plates 2, 3, 6 and 23d are the reproduced by permission of the National Monuments Record; Plates 28a and b and Plate 50, by permission of the British Library; Plates 51, 52, 53, a and b, by permission of Trinity College, Cambridge. Plate 54 is taken from a copy of an engraving in the possession of the office of the Clerk of Works at Salisbury Cathedral. I am grateful to Kate Harris for Plates 19 and 45, to Peter Fairweather for Plate 36a, to Judith Prendergast for Plate 46, to David O'Connor for Plate 49, and to the late John Denmead for Plate 37b. -
CHESHIRE in the LATER MIDDLE AGES EARLY in the Fifteenth
SOURCES AND PROBLEMS IN THE STUDY OF SOCIAL MOBILITY: CHESHIRE IN THE LATER MIDDLE AGES '" Michael J. Bennett, B.A., Ph.D. ARLY in the fifteenth century Sir Hugh Holes, a native of E Cheshire, purchased the manor of Oxhey, near Watford in Hertfordshire. As early as 1394 his legal work in his own region and elsewhere had brought him sufficient repute to secure his appointment to the king's bench, and his duties at Westminster had doubtless made imperative a seat closer to the capital. By the time of his death in 1416 his household had become established permanently at Oxhey, and his eldest son was joining the ranks of the Hertfordshire gentry. Meanwhile a second son, Andrew Holes, was pursuing a distinguished career at Oxford, which would eventually lead to advanced studies in Italy, and a reputa tion for humanist scholarship amongst popes and princes.1 At almost exactly the same time as Sir Hugh Holes was acquiring the manor of Oxhey, a compatriot of rather lesser means was marrying the heiress of a modest estate at Wheathamstead. Noth ing is known for certain about this Hugh Bostock, except for three qualities he shared with the redoubtable justice of the king's bench: he was a native of Cheshire; he settled in Hertfordshire; and he was the father of one of the foremost intellectuals of fifteenth-century England. John Bostock alias Wheathamstead was not only a monk of great suavity and learning, but also, as abbot of St Albans for two terms stretching from 1400 to 1420 and again from 1452 to 1465, one of the most influential men in the realm.2 The careers of Sir Hugh Holes, Hugh Bostock and their talented sons provide a salutary reminder that late medieval English society was neither so closed nor so static as is often imagined. -
Ethics of Writing, Ethics of Reading in Chatterton, by Peter Ackroyd
Études de stylistique anglaise 4 | 2013 Style in Fiction Today Imitation, Style, Fiction: Ethics of Writing, Ethics of Reading in Chatterton, by Peter Ackroyd Marie-Pierre Mounié Electronic version URL: http://journals.openedition.org/esa/1510 DOI: 10.4000/esa.1510 ISSN: 2650-2623 Publisher Société de stylistique anglaise Printed version Date of publication: 1 March 2013 Number of pages: 147-161 ISSN: 2116-1747 Electronic reference Marie-Pierre Mounié, « Imitation, Style, Fiction: Ethics of Writing, Ethics of Reading in Chatterton, by Peter Ackroyd », Études de stylistique anglaise [Online], 4 | 2013, Online since 19 February 2019, connection on 30 April 2019. URL : http://journals.openedition.org/esa/1510 ; DOI : 10.4000/esa.1510 Études de Stylistique Anglaise IMITATION, STYLE, FICTION: ETHICS OF WRITING, ETHICS OF READING IN CHATTERTON, BY PETER ACKROYD Marie-Pierre Mounié Université de Strasbourg Résumé : L’article revient sur la réflexion menée par Peter Ackroyd sur les notions de style, de fiction et de réalité à travers le prisme de l’imitation ; il a choisi de le faire dans un roman intitulé Chatterton, dont le héros éponyme fut célèbre pour ses pastiches du style médiéval. Mots-clés : style, réalité, fiction, imitation, pastiche, intertextualité, hypertextualité Introduction The concepts of “style” and “imitation”, are essential to the works of Peter Ackroyd and Thomas Chatterton. Peter Ackroyd is a prolific contemporary British writer who is particularly interested in British culture and history, as well as language and literature. He has written a substantial number of novels and non-fiction books such as the biographies of TS Eliot, Charles Dickens and Shakespeare. -
Thomas Chatterton
. THOMAS CHATTERTON BASIL COTTLE ISSUED ,BY THE BRISTOL BRANCH OF THE HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION, THE UNIVERSITY, BRISTOL Price Two Shillings PRINTED BY F. BAILEY AND SON LTD., DURSLEY, GLOS. 01.-10 AN 2711649 2 111111111111111111 I I IIII I IIIIII II II I IIII IIIII ,, ·-=···-..-...y .... THOMAS CHATTERTON )"-·· :,. t �.,r�..,... \,· . -"1','g � � ' Lld,,,,.dH' by BASIL COTTLE 1 There is in London's Tate Gallery a m�lancho ·�..J-_,.,.,.- very popular painting by Henry Wallis. dated 1856 and entitled The Death of Chatterton: a grim garret bedroom, a heap of tom manuscripts, a misty view of St. Paul's Cathedral, a hopeful plant in flower on the sill, the gay colours of jacket and breeches, the pallor of a youth's body. The youth is Thomas Chatterton, born to poverty in Bristol in 1752, bred there in a harsh school and a dull apprenticeship, who yet against this· unprivileged background began to write assured verse as a child, and went on to erect a whole medieval world of fantasy which he conveyed in his own imitation medieval English poetry, on scraps of genuine old parch ment. The caprice of all this is perhaps childish; but for the performance of it there is no explanation save genius. In 1770, when he was only seventeen, his hopes crashed, and he took poison in London. Wallis painted in the very attic where the suicide occurred, and since no portrait of Chatterton was extant the figure was modelled by the poet and novelist George Meredith; even this had a gloomy ending-the artist eloped with the writer's wife two years later.