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Results of the 1958-1959 Gilliard New Britain * ~~Iexpedition 4

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Results of the 1958-1959 Gilliard New Britain * ~~Iexpedition 4 RESULTS OF THE 1958-1959 GILLIARD NEW BRITAIN * ~~IEXPEDITION 4. ANNOTATED LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WHITEMAN MOUNTAINS, NEW BRITAIN E. THOMAS GILLIARD AND MARY LECROY BULLETIN OF THE : AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY VOLUME 13 5 :ARTICLE 4 NEWv v YORK:.M. '%.W JL. 116 J6ah. 0.0.1967.T w I RESULTS OF THE 1958-1959 GILLIARD NEW BRITAIN EXPEDITION 4. ANNOTATED LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WHITEMAN MOUNTAINS, NEW BRITAIN E. THOMAS GILLIARD Late Curator, Department of Ornithology The American Museum of Natural History MARY LECROY Research Assistant Department of Ornithology The American Museum of Natural History BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY VOLUME 135: ARTICLE 4 NEW YORK: 1967 BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY Volume 135, article 4, pages 173-216, figure 1, tables 1, 2 Issued March 27, 1967 Price: $1.50 a copy INTRODUCTION THE PRESENT REPORT is based on a collec- these crossings penetrated into the Whiteman tion of 526 specimens of birds obtained by the Mountains (see fig. 1). senior author and his wife, Margaret Tifft In 1926 an Australian anthropologist Gilliard, during the period from November opened new country behind Moewe Harbor, 16, 1958, to February 15, 1959, in the White- and since then Australian Government offi- man Mountains region, New Britain. The cers have made a number of trips to this re- expedition was a continuation of the explora- gion and other neighboring ones far inland tion of the Melanesian subregion in which the but probably not to heights much above 3000 American Museum has been engaged for feet. Therefore, the high parts of the White- more than three decades. mans had remained virgin territory. Al- though the island of New Britain had been HISTORY OF COLLECTING IN well surveyed ornithologically in the tropical NEW BRITAIN areas, collections had never been made at The Whiteman Mountains are situated in high altitudes in any of the mountain re- the heart of the main body of the island of gions. New Britain. This range was virtually un- A history of the early ornithological ex- known prior to the present expedition and ploration of New Britain can be found in was, in fact, named as recently as 1922. Mr. Reichenow (1899) and Dahl (1899). The E. R. Stanley, geologist of the Common- first collection in the present century was made wealth Scientific Expedition of that year, by 0. Heinroth, on the Deutschen Suidsee named the range for Mr. S. Whiteman, a Expedition of Bruno Mencke, in the Blanche merchant of Rabaul, who had in 1914 given Bay area of the Gazelle Penninsula in Feb- information to Australian authorities which ruary, 1901 (Heinroth, 1902, 1903). These led to the capture of the German ship birds are deposited in the Zoologisches Mu- "Komet" which had been hiding in a small seum, Berlin. Then about 1906 Father Otto bay on the north coast of New Britain. It Meyer observed and collected on Watom was in this same bay that Mr. Stanley made a (Uatom), a small inland just north of the triangulation of many coastal islands and of Gazelle Peninsula. He observed at least 87 points on this high mountain range inland species. Most of his specimens were mounted from the bay (H. W. West, personal com- and were sent to the convent of the fathers of munication; Stanley, 1922; Mackenzie, 1939). the Heart of Jesus in Hiltrup, Germany, The Whitemans had, so far as we can ascer- where E. Hartert saw them. Notes were pub- tain, been climbed only once previously, in lished by 0. Meyer (1906, 1933, 1934, 1936, 1955 by William M. Kaula who was engaged 1937). in a topographic survey for the United States The next comprehensive collection was Army Map Service. Kaula and two natives made by Albert F. Eichhorn, who collected climbed the main peak from the north, set- in the region of the Talasea Peninsula in Jan- ting out from Linga Linga Plantation, and uary, February, and March of 1925. The spent most of a week on the crest. Eichhorn party reached an altitude of some In 1909 the Hamburg-South Seas Expedi- 3300 feet on a high spot of the Talasea Pen- tion crossed New Britain within a few miles insula, but failed to penetrate into the White- of the western flank of the Whiteman Range. man Mountains as had been originally The crossing was from the mouth of the planned. Lord Walter Rothschild, the spon- Pulie River on the south coast to the north sor of the expedition and the person for whom coast at Rein Bay. This expedition then the birds were being collected, was primarily crossed back again from Borgen Bay to the interested in obtaining a sampling of the south coast near Cape Bushing. In 1920 a mountain fauna, since he considered it highly District Officer at Gasmata crossed from the likely that a distinct mountain fauna existed Pulie River to Iboki, following pretty closely on New Britain, and that it might very well the route of the 1909 expedition. Neither of include unknown species of such families as 175 176 BULLETIN AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY VOL. 135 Willaumez Peninsula, 0 Rook Island< p. \ Cape Bushing < - ~~Ka MoeweI *Finschhaven ENI Passisman ?PassageMaczC Cape Bali -Amge0 OAIage DAweleng 2 Islands Solormwon Sea, Bungi FIG. 1. Top: Map of New Britain, adapted from a map in the "National Geographic," for February, 1961. Bottom: Enlargement, showing routes and camps of the expedition; from the "National Geographic," for February, 1961. Both reproduced by special permission. 1967 GILLIARD AND LECROY: BIRDS OF NEW BRITAIN 177 the birds of paradise and bower birds, both from December 17, 1932, until June 1, 1933. widespread in New Guinea just to the south Collections were made at Tol and along of Vitiaz Strait but both unknown in New the nearby Mavola River, in the Baining Britain. The Eichhorn expedition did obtain Mountains (Balayang, Andamang, and Kar- many new and interesting birds, including lip) to a maximum altitude of 2500 feet, and the new species Accipiter luteoschistaceus and then in the southern part of the Gazelle Pen- Turdus talasea, but no true mountain birds insula and in theTimiope Mountains (situated and no birds of paradise or bower birds. in the northeastern tip of the main body of In 1932 and 1933 the Whitney South Sea New Britain adjacent to Wide Bay) to an Expedition sent William F. Coultas, accom- altitude of 3500 feet. This area was explored panied by Harold and John James, to New from April 19 to May 12 with rather poor Britain. Although this group worked for 19 results. No mountain species were collected. months on New Britain, no trace of a moun- The fourth area surveyed was the low- tain avifauna was discovered. It had been the lands of the Usiwit River region of the north- hope of the expedition directors at home that northwestern tip of the Baining Peninsula the high mountains of the main body of the (July 13 to August 2) where only a few island would be surveyed and that this sur- species were collected. vey would conclude the ornithological survey The fifth area visited was the Talele Is- of the island. To everyone's disappointment, lands just off the northwest tip of the Gazelle the mountain survey was unsuccessful. In the Peninsula, visited for two days (July 27-28). Gazelle Peninsula the expedition failed to In all, 127 species were collected. reach altitudes sufficiently high for the sam- After the Whitney South Sea Expedition, pling of such an avifauna. In the Timiope no one ventured to New Britain to collect Mountains, Coultas encountered difficulties, birds. Then in 1953, while sailing between the which made it impossible for him to conduct Huon Peninsula of New Guinea and New a high-altitude survey. Later, in the Nakanai Britain, the senior author was struck by the Mountains, which Coultas visited alone, closeness of the two land masses, which lie conditions were too dangerous for collecting. barely 50 miles apart and are visible one The details of this expedition, which dis- from the other. He was aware of the fact that covered several new species, are as follows: birds of paradise, so numerous on the Huon the party first surveyed the lowlands and low Peninsula, and also many other groups of mountains of the Gazelle Peninsula south of birds, including the bower birds, had appar- Rabaul (Rabaul, Toma, Taulil, Malabunga, ently never succeeded in crossing the strait, Katowi, Latromat, Lamassa, and Wunga) although many of the groups, including the from February through August, 1932. In the birds of paradise, had crossed wider water second survey (October 1 to December 6) the barriers to Australia, the Moluccas, and to collectors visited the north coast in the such satellite islands of New Guinea as the Nakanai Mountains region, spending most of Trobriands, the Louisiades, and the Aru the time in the lowlands near Bangula Bay Islands. (Tarobi, Possusu, Kaiama, Walo, Segi, It was after this trip that the senior author Gaigeki, Lobi, and Sida) and also explored learned that the Whitney South Sea Expedi- mountains to Malutu (2500 feet), Bangella, tion had not succeeded in adequately survey- Kaiko, and Ti. The latter survey conducted ing the high mountains of New Britain, and by Coultas from the lowlands to Ti and return that Lord Rothschild, among others, had took the expedition to its highest point, 6200 believed that some day representatives of feet. The round trip, plus collecting time these families would be found in the high in the highlands, covered only the period mountains of New Britain.
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