DOCSLIB.ORG

Phosphorylation of Huntingtin at Residue T3 Is Decreased In

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Phosphorylation of Huntingtin at Residue T3 Is Decreased In Phosphorylation of huntingtin at residue T3 is PNAS PLUS decreased in Huntington’s disease and modulates mutant huntingtin protein conformation Cristina Cariuloa,1, Lucia Azzollinia,1, Margherita Verania, Paola Martufia, Roberto Boggiob, Anass Chikic, Sean M. Deguirec, Marta Cherubinid,e, Silvia Ginesd,e, J. Lawrence Marshf, Paola Confortig,h, Elena Cattaneog,h, Iolanda Santimonei, Ferdinando Squitierii, Hilal A. Lashuelc,2, Lara Petriccaa,2,3, and Andrea Caricasolea,2,3 aDepartment of Neuroscience, IRBM Science Park, 00071 Pomezia, Rome, Italy; bIRBM Promidis, 00071 Pomezia, Rome, Italy; cLaboratory of Molecular and Chemical Biology of Neurodegeneration, Brain Mind Institute, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; dDepartamento de Biomedicina, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Neurociencias, Universidad de Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; eInstitut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain; fDepartment of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697; gLaboratory of Stem Cell Biology and Pharmacology of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy; hIstituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare (INGM) Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi, Milan 20122, Italy; and iHuntington and Rare Diseases Unit, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy Edited by Solomon H. Snyder, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, and approved October 25, 2017 (received for review April 10, 2017) Posttranslational modifications can have profound effects on the reviewed in ref. 13). The mutation leads to the production of biological and biophysical properties of proteins associated with huntingtin protein (HTT) bearing a polyglutamine expansion misfolding and aggregation. However, their detection and quan- (polyQ) within its amino terminus (N-term). Consistent with a tification in clinical samples and an understanding of the mecha- determinant role in the pathology, the size of the polyQ expansion nisms underlying the pathological properties of misfolding- and demonstrates a strong inverse correlation with the age-of-onset aggregation-prone proteins remain a challenge for diagnostics of the characteristic clinical (motor, psychiatric, and cognitive) and therapeutics development. We have applied an ultrasensitive symptoms (14, 15). The CAG repeat/polyQ expansion is believed immunoassay platform to develop and validate a quantitative to cause pathology primarily through a gain-of-function, which assay for detecting a posttranslational modification (phosphoryla- imparts novel characteristics on mutant HTT, including the pro- tion at residue T3) of a protein associated with polyglutamine duction of N-terminal fragments, likely through aberrant mRNA repeat expansion, namely Huntingtin, and characterized its pres- splicing as well as proteolytic events (16, 17). Mutant HTT N-term ence in a variety of preclinical and clinical samples. We find that fragments have been described to misfold and form detectable T3 phosphorylation is greatly reduced in samples from Hunting- aggregates, and their overexpression has been reported to re- ton’s disease models and in Huntington’s disease patients, and we produce several aspects of HD in animal models (18–21; reviewed provide evidence that bona-fide T3 phosphorylation alters Hun- in ref. 22). The expansion of the polyQ domain associated with tingtin exon 1 protein conformation and aggregation properties. the HD mutation was recently shown to alter the conformation These findings have significant implications for both mechanisms of disease pathogenesis and the development of therapeutics and Significance diagnostics for Huntington’s disease. The findings in this manuscript report on the identification of a huntingtin | posttranslational modification | immunoassay | posttranslational modification in the huntingtin protein phosphorylation | neurodegeneration (phosphorylation on residue T3 in the N17 region of the pro- tein), which can revert the conformational effects of the Hun- osttranslational modifications (PTMs) likely evolved as a tington’s disease (HD) mutation itself on the huntingtin protein Pstrategy to flexibly modulate protein structure and function in and inhibit its aggregation properties in vitro. Using the first response to developmental, homeostatic, or physiological re- ultrasensitive immunoassay for a posttranslational modifica- quirements without the need to exert permanent changes at the tion of huntingtin protein, we demonstrate that pT3 levels are genetic level (1). In recent years, it has become apparent that decreased in mutant huntingtin in preclinical models as well as PTMs are extremely diverse and widespread and decorate pro- in clinically relevant samples from HD patients. These findings teins at multiple sites, thus increasing exponentially the capacity are of high significance to Huntington’s disease biology, pro- for adoption of multiple structural and functional states of a vide insights into mechanisms of Huntington’s disease patho- protein (2). Many neurodegenerative diseases are associated genesis, and open new opportunities for the development of ’ with accumulation and misfolding of specific proteins (3, 4), therapeutics and diagnostics for Huntington s disease. often associated with changes in PTM status. Some PTMs such Author contributions: L.P. and A. Caricasole designed research with contributions from as phosphorylation can have profound influences on the struc- H.A.L.; C.C., L.A., M.V., and P.M. performed research; R.B., A. Chiki, S.M.D., M.C., S.G., ture, function, and pathology-related properties of proteins as- J.L.M., P.C., E.C., I.S., F.S., and H.A.L. contributed new reagents/analytic tools; C.C., L.A., sociated with neurodegeneration [for example, TAU, Androgen M.V., P.M., and L.P. analyzed data; and C.C., L.A., L.P., and A. Caricasole wrote the paper. – Receptor, and Huntingtin (5 10)]. Their modulation therefore The authors declare no conflict of interest. NEUROSCIENCE represents an attractive candidate therapeutic approach (7, 8, This article is a PNAS Direct Submission. 11). However, the transient character of most PTMs presents a This open access article is distributed under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial- challenge for the development of assays to detect, monitor, and NoDerivatives License 4.0 (CC BY-NC-ND). quantify PTMs, thus impeding the identification of mechanisti- 1C.C. and L.A. contributed equally to this work. cally relevant PTMs, the establishment of their role in disease 2L.P. and A. Caricasole contributed equally to this work. pathogenesis, and the discovery of their modulators. 3To whom correspondence may be addressed. Email: [email protected], l.petricca@ Huntington’s disease (HD) is a progressive, autosomal-dominant irbm.it, or [email protected]. neurodegenerative disease caused by a triplet repeat expansion This article contains supporting information online at www.pnas.org/lookup/suppl/doi:10. mutation within exon 1 of the huntingtin gene (HTT)(12; 1073/pnas.1705372114/-/DCSupplemental. www.pnas.org/cgi/doi/10.1073/pnas.1705372114 PNAS | Published online November 21, 2017 | E10809–E10818 Downloaded by guest on October 1, 2021 A C i) 20 KDa__ pT3 ii) 20 KDa__ 4C9 Fig. 1. Profiling of anti-pT3 HTT antibody. (A)The pT3 signal is specific for the presence of a phos- B D phorylated T3 residue. Western immunoblotting profiling of anti-pT3 antibody on semisynthetic HTT Q23 EX1 protein, HTT EX1 Q23 protein with phos- phorylated T3 residue, and the same proteins treated with alkaline phosphatase. (B) The anti-pT3 antibody detects a specific signal on WT HTT EX1 Q16 over- expressed in HEK293T cells lysates, but not on the 20 KDa__ pT3 T3A mutant form by Western immunoblotting analysis. (C) Diagram illustrating the position (i)and epitopes (ii) of antibodies used in the present study. 20 KDa__ 4C9 (D) Strategy adopted for the development of sand- wich assays specific for total HTT and pT3 HTT, employing antibody MW1 as a capture antibody for both HTT forms. of the N-term region of HTT (23–25). Interestingly, regions synthetic HTT exon 1 proteins bearing a bona-fide pT3 modifi- flanking the polyQ domain, including the first 17 N-terminal cation (35) in both WT and mutant forms, as well as a amino acids of HTT (N17) and a polyproline-rich C-terminal to corresponding anti-pT3 HTT antibody, which we previously the polyQ region, have been shown to influence the propen- characterized (35, 40). Importantly, these pg/mL assays un- sity of short N-term HTT fragments to misfold and aggregate covered a strong effect of polyQ expansion on pT3 HTT levels in (26–30). Recent studies demonstrated that phosphomimetic mutant HTT in HD cells, HD mice, and HD patients and in- mutations at specific residues (S13/S16) within the N17 region dicate that the presence of a mutant polyQ results in greatly can modulate the subcellular localization, stability, aggregation, decreased immunoreactive T3 phosphorylation on HTT. Mech- and toxicity properties of mutant HTT in different preclinical anistically, using semisynthetic HTT exon 1 (HTT EX1) proteins, models (29, 31–33), raising interest in these PTMs as possible we provide evidence that phosphorylation on HTT T3 can in- modifiers of mutant HTT biological and biophysical proper- fluence the conformation and decrease the aggregation proper- ties.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Regulation of SETD2 Stability Is Important for the Fidelity Of
    Bhattacharya and Workman Epigenetics & Chromatin (2020) 13:40 Epigenetics & Chromatin https://doi.org/10.1186/s13072-020-00362-8 RESEARCH Open Access Regulation of SETD2 stability is important for the fdelity of H3K36me3 deposition Saikat Bhattacharya and Jerry L. Workman* Abstract Background: The histone H3K36me3 mark regulates transcription elongation, pre-mRNA splicing, DNA methylation, and DNA damage repair. However, knowledge of the regulation of the enzyme SETD2, which deposits this function- ally important mark, is very limited. Results: Here, we show that the poorly characterized N-terminal region of SETD2 plays a determining role in regulat- ing the stability of SETD2. This stretch of 1–1403 amino acids contributes to the robust degradation of SETD2 by the proteasome. Besides, the SETD2 protein is aggregate prone and forms insoluble bodies in nuclei especially upon proteasome inhibition. Removal of the N-terminal segment results in the stabilization of SETD2 and leads to a marked increase in global H3K36me3 which, uncharacteristically, happens in a Pol II-independent manner. Conclusion: The functionally uncharacterized N-terminal segment of SETD2 regulates its half-life to maintain the requisite cellular amount of the protein. The absence of SETD2 proteolysis results in a Pol II-independent H3K36me3 deposition and protein aggregation. Keywords: Chromatin, Proteasome, Histone, Methylation, Aggregation Background In yeast, the SET domain-containing protein Set2 Te N-terminal tails of histones protrude from the nucle- (ySet2) is the sole H3K36 methyltransferase [10]. ySet2 osome and are hotspots for the occurrence of a variety interacts with the large subunit of the RNA polymerase II, of post-translational modifcations (PTMs) that play key Rpb1, through its SRI (Set2–Rpb1 Interaction) domain, roles in regulating epigenetic processes.
    [Show full text]
  • The Huntington's Disease Protein Interacts with P53 and CREB
    The Huntington’s disease protein interacts with p53 and CREB-binding protein and represses transcription Joan S. Steffan*, Aleksey Kazantsev†, Olivera Spasic-Boskovic‡, Marilee Greenwald*, Ya-Zhen Zhu*, Heike Gohler§, Erich E. Wanker§, Gillian P. Bates‡, David E. Housman†, and Leslie M. Thompson*¶ *Department of Biological Chemistry, D240 Medical Sciences I, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-1700; †Department of Biology Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Building E17-543, Cambridge, MA 02139; ‡Medical and Molecular Genetics, GKT School of Medicine, King’s College, 8th Floor Guy’s Tower, Guy’s Hospital, London SE1 9RT, United Kingdom; and §Max-Planck-Institut fur Molekulare Genetik, Ihnestraße 73, Berlin D-14195, Germany Contributed by David E. Housman, March 14, 2000 Huntington’s Disease (HD) is caused by an expansion of a poly- The amino-terminal portion of htt that remains after cyto- glutamine tract within the huntingtin (htt) protein. Pathogenesis in plasmic cleavage and can localize to the nucleus appears to HD appears to include the cytoplasmic cleavage of htt and release include the polyglutamine repeat and a proline-rich region which of an amino-terminal fragment capable of nuclear localization. We have features in common with a variety of proteins involved in have investigated potential consequences to nuclear function of a transcriptional regulation (22). Therefore, htt is potentially pathogenic amino-terminal region of htt (httex1p) including ag- capable of direct interactions with transcription factors or the gregation, protein–protein interactions, and transcription. httex1p transcriptional apparatus and of mediating alterations in tran- was found to coaggregate with p53 in inclusions generated in cell scription.
    [Show full text]
  • Transglutaminase-Catalyzed Inactivation Of
    Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA Vol. 94, pp. 12604–12609, November 1997 Medical Sciences Transglutaminase-catalyzed inactivation of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase and a-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex by polyglutamine domains of pathological length ARTHUR J. L. COOPER*†‡§, K.-F. REX SHEU†‡,JAMES R. BURKE¶i,OSAMU ONODERA¶i, WARREN J. STRITTMATTER¶i,**, ALLEN D. ROSES¶i,**, AND JOHN P. BLASS†‡,†† Departments of *Biochemistry, †Neurology and Neuroscience, and ††Medicine, Cornell University Medical College, New York, NY 10021; ‡Burke Medical Research Institute, Cornell University Medical College, White Plains, NY 10605; and Departments of ¶Medicine, **Neurobiology, and iDeane Laboratory, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710 Edited by Louis Sokoloff, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, and approved August 28, 1997 (received for review April 24, 1997) ABSTRACT Several adult-onset neurodegenerative dis- Q12-containing peptide (16). In the work of Kahlem et al. (16) the eases are caused by genes with expanded CAG triplet repeats largest Qn domain studied was Q18. We found that both a within their coding regions and extended polyglutamine (Qn) nonpathological-length Qn domain (n 5 10) and a longer, patho- domains within the expressed proteins. Generally, in clinically logical-length Qn domain (n 5 62) are excellent substrates of affected individuals n > 40. Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehy- tTGase (17, 18). drogenase binds tightly to four Qn disease proteins, but the Burke et al. (1) showed that huntingtin, huntingtin-derived significance of this interaction is unknown. We now report that fragments, and the dentatorubralpallidoluysian atrophy protein purified glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase is inacti- bind selectively to glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase vated by tissue transglutaminase in the presence of glutathione (GAPDH) in human brain homogenates and to immobilized S-transferase constructs containing a Qn domain of pathological rabbit muscle GAPDH.
    [Show full text]
  • A Dissertation Entitled the Androgen Receptor
    A Dissertation entitled The Androgen Receptor as a Transcriptional Co-activator: Implications in the Growth and Progression of Prostate Cancer By Mesfin Gonit Submitted to the Graduate Faculty as partial fulfillment of the requirements for the PhD Degree in Biomedical science Dr. Manohar Ratnam, Committee Chair Dr. Lirim Shemshedini, Committee Member Dr. Robert Trumbly, Committee Member Dr. Edwin Sanchez, Committee Member Dr. Beata Lecka -Czernik, Committee Member Dr. Patricia R. Komuniecki, Dean College of Graduate Studies The University of Toledo August 2011 Copyright 2011, Mesfin Gonit This document is copyrighted material. Under copyright law, no parts of this document may be reproduced without the expressed permission of the author. An Abstract of The Androgen Receptor as a Transcriptional Co-activator: Implications in the Growth and Progression of Prostate Cancer By Mesfin Gonit As partial fulfillment of the requirements for the PhD Degree in Biomedical science The University of Toledo August 2011 Prostate cancer depends on the androgen receptor (AR) for growth and survival even in the absence of androgen. In the classical models of gene activation by AR, ligand activated AR signals through binding to the androgen response elements (AREs) in the target gene promoter/enhancer. In the present study the role of AREs in the androgen- independent transcriptional signaling was investigated using LP50 cells, derived from parental LNCaP cells through extended passage in vitro. LP50 cells reflected the signature gene overexpression profile of advanced clinical prostate tumors. The growth of LP50 cells was profoundly dependent on nuclear localized AR but was independent of androgen. Nevertheless, in these cells AR was unable to bind to AREs in the absence of androgen.
    [Show full text]
  • The Isolation and Characterization of Huntingtin Interacting
    THE ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF HUNTINGTIN INTERACTING PROTEINS By MICHAEL ANDREW KALCHMAN B.Sc. (Honor's Genetics), University of Western Ontario, 1992 A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY In THE FACULTY OF GRADUATE STUDIES GENETICS GRADUATE PROGRAMME We accept this thesis as conforming to the required standard THE UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA JULY, 1998 © Michael Andrew Kalchman 1998 In presenting this thesis in partial fulfilment of the requirements for an advanced degree at the University of British Columbia, I agree that the Library shall make it freely available for reference and study. I further agree that permission for extensive copying of this thesis for scholarly purposes may be granted by the head of my department or by his or her representatives. It is understood that copying or publication of this thesis for financial gain shall not be allowed without my written permission. Department of The University of British Columbia Vancouver, Canada DE-6 (2/88) ABSTRACT Huntington Disease (HD) is an autosomal dominant, neurodegenerative disorder with onset normally occurring at around 40 years of age. This devastating disease is the result of the expression of a polyglutamine tract greater than 35 in a protein with unknown function. The underlying mutation in HD places it in a category of neurodegenerative diseases along with seven other diseases, all of which have widespread expression of the protein with an abnormally long polyglutamine tract, but have disease specific neurodegeneration. Yeast two-hybrid screens were used in an attempt to further elucidate the function of the HD gene product, huntingtin.
    [Show full text]
  • Allele-Specific Regulation of Mutant Huntingtin by Wig1, a Downstream
    Human Molecular Genetics, 2016, Vol. 25, No. 12 2514–2524 doi: 10.1093/hmg/ddw115 Advance Access Publication Date: 19 May 2016 Original Article Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/hmg/article-abstract/25/12/2514/2525740 by Univ of Connecticut user on 21 May 2019 ORIGINAL ARTICLE Allele-specific regulation of mutant Huntingtin by Wig1, a downstream target of p53 Sun-Hong Kim1,†, Neelam Shahani1,†,‡, Byoung-II Bae2,¶, Juan I. Sbodio2, Youjin Chung1, Kazuhiro Nakaso3, Bindu D. Paul2 and Akira Sawa1,2,* 1Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, 2Neuroscience Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA and 3Division of Medical Biochemistry, Department of Pathophysiological and Therapeutic Science, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, 86, Nishicho, Yonago, 683-8503, Japan *To whom correspondence should be addressed at: Tel: þ1 4109554726; Fax: þ1 4106141792; Email: [email protected] Abstract p53 has been implicated in the pathophysiology of Huntington’s disease (HD). Nonetheless, the molecular mechanism of how p53 may play a unique role in the pathology remains elusive. To address this question at the molecular and cellular biology levels, we initially screened differentially expressed molecules specifically dependent on p53 in a HD animal model. Among the candidate molecules, wild-type p53-induced gene 1 (Wig1) is markedly upregulated in the cerebral cortex of HD patients. Wig1 preferentially upregulates the level of mutant Huntingtin (Htt) compared with wild-type Htt. This allele-specific charac- teristic of Wig1 is likely to be explained by higher affinity binding to mutant Htt transcripts than normal counterpart for the stabilization. Knockdown of Wig1 level significantly ameliorates mutant Htt-elicited cytotoxicity and aggregate formation.
    [Show full text]
  • Sequence Specificity Analysis of the SETD2 Protein Lysine Methyltransferase and Discovery of a SETD2 Super-Substrate
    ARTICLE https://doi.org/10.1038/s42003-020-01223-6 OPEN Sequence specificity analysis of the SETD2 protein lysine methyltransferase and discovery of a SETD2 super-substrate Maren Kirstin Schuhmacher1,4, Serap Beldar2,4, Mina S. Khella1,3,4, Alexander Bröhm1, Jan Ludwig1, ✉ ✉ 1234567890():,; Wolfram Tempel2, Sara Weirich1, Jinrong Min2 & Albert Jeltsch 1 SETD2 catalyzes methylation at lysine 36 of histone H3 and it has many disease connections. We investigated the substrate sequence specificity of SETD2 and identified nine additional peptide and one protein (FBN1) substrates. Our data showed that SETD2 strongly prefers amino acids different from those in the H3K36 sequence at several positions of its specificity profile. Based on this, we designed an optimized super-substrate containing four amino acid exchanges and show by quantitative methylation assays with SETD2 that the super-substrate peptide is methylated about 290-fold more efficiently than the H3K36 peptide. Protein methylation studies confirmed very strong SETD2 methylation of the super-substrate in vitro and in cells. We solved the structure of SETD2 with bound super-substrate peptide con- taining a target lysine to methionine mutation, which revealed better interactions involving three of the substituted residues. Our data illustrate that substrate sequence design can strongly increase the activity of protein lysine methyltransferases. 1 Institute of Biochemistry and Technical Biochemistry, University of Stuttgart, Allmandring 31, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany. 2 Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Toronto, 101 College Street, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada. 3 Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, African Union Organization Street, Abbassia, Cairo 11566, Egypt. 4These authors contributed equally: Maren Kirstin Schuhmacher, Serap Beldar, Mina S.
    [Show full text]
  • Datasheet: VMA00449 Product Details
    Datasheet: VMA00449 Description: MOUSE ANTI SETD2 Specificity: SETD2 Format: Purified Product Type: PrecisionAb™ Monoclonal Clone: OTI1E1 Isotype: IgG2a Quantity: 100 µl Product Details Applications This product has been reported to work in the following applications. This information is derived from testing within our laboratories, peer-reviewed publications or personal communications from the originators. Please refer to references indicated for further information. For general protocol recommendations, please visit www.bio-rad-antibodies.com/protocols. Yes No Not Determined Suggested Dilution Western Blotting 1/1000 PrecisionAb antibodies have been extensively validated for the western blot application. The antibody has been validated at the suggested dilution. Where this product has not been tested for use in a particular technique this does not necessarily exclude its use in such procedures. Further optimization may be required dependant on sample type. Target Species Human Product Form Purified IgG - liquid Preparation Mouse monoclonal antibody purified by affinity chromatography from ascites Buffer Solution Phosphate buffered saline Preservative 0.09% Sodium Azide (NaN3) Stabilisers 1% Bovine Serum Albumin 50% Glycerol Immunogen Recombinant protein fragment corresponding to aa 1787-2144 of human SETD2 (NP_054878) produced in E.coli External Database UniProt: Links Q9BYW2 Related reagents Entrez Gene: 29072 SETD2 Related reagents Synonyms HIF1, HYPB, KIAA1732, KMT3A, SET2 Page 1 of 2 Specificity Mouse anti Human SETD2 antibody recognizes SETD2, also known as histone-lysine N-methyltransferase SETD2, huntingtin interacting protein 1, huntingtin yeast partner B, HYPB, huntingtin-interacting protein B, HIF-1, HIP-1, lysine N-methyltransferase 3A, KMT3A and HBP231. Huntington's disease (HD), a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by loss of striatal neurons, is caused by an expansion of a polyglutamine tract in the HD protein huntingtin.
    [Show full text]
  • The Ataxin-1 Interactome Reveals Direct Connection with Multiple Disrupted Nuclear Transport Pathways
    bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/438523; this version posted October 8, 2018. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license. The ataxin-1 interactome reveals direct connection with multiple disrupted nuclear transport pathways 1 2 3 1,* Sunyuan Zhang , Nicholas A. Williamson , David A. Jans , and Marie A. Bogoyevitch 1Cell Signalling Research Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and 2Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia 3Nuclear Signalling Lab., Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia * corresponding author: [email protected] Summary (145 words) The expanded polyglutamine (polyQ) tract form of ataxin-1 drives disease progression in spinocerebellar ataxia type 1 (SCA1). Although polyQ-ataxin-1 is known to form distinctive intranuclear bodies, the cellular pathways and functions it influences remain poorly understood. Here, we identify direct and proximal partners constituting the interactome of ataxin-1[85Q] in Neuro-2a cells. Pathways analyses indicate a significant enrichment of essential nuclear transporters in the interactome, pointing to disruptions in nuclear transport processes in the presence of polyQ-ataxin-1. Our direct assessments of nuclear transporters and their cargoes reinforce these observations, revealing disrupted trafficking often with relocalisation of transporters and/or cargoes to ataxin-1[85Q] nuclear bodies. Strikingly, the nucleoporin Nup98, dependent on its GLFG repeats, is recruited into polyQ-ataxin-1 nuclear bodies.
    [Show full text]
  • Caenorhabditis Elegans Dnj-14, the Orthologue of the DNAJC5 Gene
    Human Molecular Genetics, 2014, Vol. 23, No. 22 5916–5927 doi:10.1093/hmg/ddu316 Advance Access published on June 19, 2014 Caenorhabditis elegans dnj-14, the orthologue of the DNAJC5 gene mutated in adult onset neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis, provides a new platform for neuroprotective drug screening and identifies a SIR-2.1-independent action of resveratrol Sudhanva S. Kashyap{, James R. Johnson{, Hannah V. McCue, Xi Chen, Matthew J. Edmonds, Mimieveshiofuo Ayala, Margaret E. Graham, Robert C. Jenn, Jeff W. Barclay, Robert D. Burgoyne and Alan Morgan∗ Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Crown St, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK Received June 10, 2014; Revised June 10, 2014; Accepted June 16, 2014 Adult onset neuronal lipofuscinosis (ANCL) is a human neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progres- sive neuronal dysfunction and premature death. Recently, the mutations that cause ANCL were mapped to the DNAJC5 gene, which encodes cysteine string protein alpha. We show here that mutating dnj-14,the Caenorhabditis elegans orthologue of DNAJC5, results in shortened lifespan and a small impairment of locomo- tion and neurotransmission. Mutant dnj-14 worms also exhibited age-dependent neurodegeneration of sensory neurons, which was preceded by severe progressive chemosensory defects. A focussed chemical screen revealed that resveratrol could ameliorate dnj-14 mutant phenotypes, an effect mimicked by the cAMP phospho- diesterase inhibitor, rolipram. In contrast to other worm neurodegeneration models, activation of the Sirtuin, SIR-2.1, was not required, as sir-2.1; dnj-14 double mutants showed full lifespan rescue by resveratrol. The Sirtuin-independent neuroprotective action of resveratrol revealed here suggests potential therapeutic applications for ANCL and possibly other human neurodegenerative diseases.
    [Show full text]
  • Anti-KMT3A / SETD2 Antibody (ARG64368)
    Product datasheet [email protected] ARG64368 Package: 100 μg anti-KMT3A / SETD2 antibody Store at: -20°C Summary Product Description Goat Polyclonal antibody recognizes KMT3A / SETD2 Tested Reactivity Hu Predict Reactivity Ms, Dog, Pig Tested Application FACS Host Goat Clonality Polyclonal Isotype IgG Target Name KMT3A / SETD2 Antigen Species Human Immunogen C-ERDPDKQTQNKE Conjugation Un-conjugated Alternate Names HIF-1; SET domain-containing protein 2; SET2; Huntingtin-interacting protein B; Huntingtin yeast partner B; KMT3A; Huntingtin-interacting protein 1; hSET2; EC 2.1.1.43; HBP231; Lysine N- methyltransferase 3A; HIP-1; p231HBP; HSPC069; Histone-lysine N-methyltransferase SETD2; HYPB Application Instructions Application table Application Dilution FACS 10 µg/ml Application Note * The dilutions indicate recommended starting dilutions and the optimal dilutions or concentrations should be determined by the scientist. Calculated Mw 288 kDa Properties Form Liquid Purification Purified from goat serum by ammonium sulphate precipitation followed by antigen affinity chromatography using the immunizing peptide. Buffer Tris saline (pH 7.3), 0.02% Sodium azide and 0.5% BSA Preservative 0.02% Sodium azide Stabilizer 0.5% BSA Concentration 0.5 mg/ml Storage instruction For continuous use, store undiluted antibody at 2-8°C for up to a week. For long-term storage, aliquot and store at -20°C or below. Storage in frost free freezers is not recommended. Avoid repeated freeze/thaw cycles. Suggest spin the vial prior to opening. The antibody solution should be gently mixed www.arigobio.com 1/2 before use. Note For laboratory research only, not for drug, diagnostic or other use. Bioinformation Database links GeneID: 29072 Human Swiss-port # Q9BYW2 Human Background Huntington's disease (HD), a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by loss of striatal neurons, is caused by an expansion of a polyglutamine tract in the HD protein huntingtin.
    [Show full text]
  • HUNTINGTIN: ITS ROLE in GENE EXPRESSION Synapse Experiences Over Time
    Huntingtin: Its Role in Professor Naoko Tanese Gene Expression in processing bodies. Processing bodies (P-bodies) are small granules or aggregates of ‘Understanding the mechanism of mRNA-degrading proteins in the cytoplasm. Through degradation or storing of mRNA, disease is critical to identifying targets the P-bodies reduce the amount of protein for therapeutic intervention and that can be made and thus downregulate gene expression. Gene expression can also treatment especially for HD for which be regulated post-transcriptionally through mRNA localization, or transportation of the there is no cure’ transcript to specific locations in the cell. Localisation of mRNA is particularly important in nerve cells, or neurons. Neurons send signals to other neurons through a gap between the two cells called the synapse. This interaction is strengthened or weakened based on how much activity the HUNTINGTIN: ITS ROLE IN GENE EXPRESSION synapse experiences over time. This change in strength is known as synaptic plasticity. Professor Naoko Tanese and her research team at New York University School of Medicine investigate Synaptic plasticity is vital for learning and transcriptional and post-transcriptional gene regulatory pathways. Specifically, Professor Tanese is interested in forming new memories. Mounting evidence suggests that the transport and translation identifying the post-transcriptional functions of the Huntington’s disease protein huntingtin and how they differ in of mRNAs to the synapse contributes to the disease state. synaptic plasticity by rapidly replenishing proteins to branches of the neuron that are far away from the cell body, especially following synaptic transmission. Huntington’s Disease Juvenile Huntington’s disease or JHD.
    [Show full text]