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The Judgment of Paris in Rouen Books of Hours From Eszter Nagy THE JUDGMENT OF PARIS IN ROUEN BOOKS OF HOURS FROM THE SECOND HALF OF THE FIFTEENTH CENTURY MA Thesis in Comparative History, with a specialization in Interdisciplinary Medieval Studies. Central European University CEU eTD Collection Budapest May 2017 THE JUDGMENT OF PARIS IN ROUEN BOOKS OF HOURS FROM THE SECOND HALF OF THE FIFTEENTH CENTURY by Eszter Nagy (Hungary) Thesis submitted to the Department of Medieval Studies, Central European University, Budapest, in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the Master of Arts degree in Comparative History, with a specialization in Interdisciplinary Medieval Studies. Accepted in conformance with the standards of the CEU. ____________________________________________ Chair, Examination Committee ____________________________________________ Thesis Supervisor ____________________________________________ Examiner ____________________________________________ Examiner CEU eTD Collection Budapest May 2017 THE JUDGMENT OF PARIS IN ROUEN BOOKS OF HOURS FROM THE SECOND HALF OF THE FIFTEENTH CENTURY by Eszter Nagy (Hungary) Thesis submitted to the Department of Medieval Studies, Central European University, Budapest, in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the Master of Arts degree in Comparative History, with a specialization in Interdisciplinary Medieval Studies. Accepted in conformance with the standards of the CEU. ____________________________________________ External Reader CEU eTD Collection Budapest May 2017 THE JUDGMENT OF PARIS IN ROUEN BOOKS OF HOURS FROM THE SECOND HALF OF THE FIFTEENTH CENTURY by Eszter Nagy (Hungary) Thesis submitted to the Department of Medieval Studies, Central European University, Budapest, in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the Master of Arts degree in Comparative History, with a specialization in Interdisciplinary Medieval Studies. Accepted in conformance with the standards of the CEU. ____________________________________________ External Supervisor CEU eTD Collection Budapest May 2017 I, the undersigned, Eszter Nagy, candidate for the MA degree in Comparative History, with a specialization in Interdisciplinary Medieval Studies declare herewith that the present thesis is exclusively my own work, based on my research and only such external information as properly credited in notes and bibliography. I declare that no unidentified and illegitimate use was made of the work of others, and no part of the thesis infringes on any person’s or institution’s copyright. I also declare that no part of the thesis has been submitted in this form to any other institution of higher education for an academic degree. Budapest, 26 June 2017 __________________________ Signature CEU eTD Collection Abstract The present thesis aims to interpret the unusual representation of the Judgment of Paris in the margin of four books of hours made for the use of Rouen c. 1460–80. In three cases, it accompanies the Penitent David, while in the fourth manuscript it is paired with an image of the Virgin. After examining the myth’s availability in Rouen through a quantitative analysis of its manuscript tradition, and discussing the iconographic development that led to the Judgment’s separation from its narrative context, I turn towards the visual context of these mythological representations in the books of hour themselves. The Bathing Bathsheba, depicted close to the Judgment in two of the manuscripts, suggests that they functioned together as warnings against vanity and the exposition of the female body that has destructive effect on men. Although with opposite connotations, misogynous texts and a group of ivory combs support that the idea of the power of beauty connects the two subjects. Stepping beyond the page, the comparison of the whole pictorial cycle of the books of hours leads to the assumption that their decoration goes back to a lost model, probably created by the Master of the Échevinage, in which the Judgment was inserted in a typological cycle running in the margins. While they seem to be derivative, in some cases even corrupted versions of this hypothetical model, the decoration of the four books of hours, with all of their peculiarities, fits into a tendency to diversify the standard iconography of books of hours. CEU eTD Collection i Acknowledgements I am greatly indebted to Claudia Rabel who called my attention to the Judgment of Paris scene in the Villefosse and Aix-en-Provence books of hours, and showed me the article of Paul Durrieu. I am also grateful to her for providing me with the manuscript of her un-published DEA dissertation about the illuminated books of hours associated with the Master of the Échevinage of Rouen. Her generous help significantly facilitated my research. I am also thankful to Zsuzsa Reed for indefatigably amending the language of my thesis, as well as to my supervisor, Béla Zsolt Szakács for the encouraging consultations. CEU eTD Collection ii Table of Contents List of Diagrams ............................................................................................................................. v List of Illustrations ......................................................................................................................... vi List of Abbreviations ................................................................................................................... xiii I. Introduction ................................................................................................................................. 1 A. Presentation of the Manuscripts ............................................................................................. 5 II. Legend of the King of Mercia .................................................................................................... 9 III. The Judgment of Paris in Literature........................................................................................ 17 A. The Meanings of the Judgment of Paris............................................................................... 18 B. The Availability of the Myth ................................................................................................ 21 IV. The Iconography of the Judgment of Paris ............................................................................. 35 A. The Judgment as Separate Image ......................................................................................... 35 1. The Bronze Medallion from the Spitzer Collection .......................................................... 37 B. The Closest Parallel: the Judgment in the Épistre d’Othéa from Oxford ............................ 39 V. The Relation between the Four Books of Hours ...................................................................... 42 VI. Interpreting the Judgment of Paris in the Books of Hours ..................................................... 48 CEU eTD Collection A. The Two New York Books of Hours ................................................................................... 48 1. The Bathing Bathsheba in Books of Hours....................................................................... 49 2. The Bathing Bathsheba Paired with the Judgment of Paris .............................................. 54 iii B. The Villefosse Hours ............................................................................................................ 60 C. The Pictorial Cycle of the New York Books of Hours ........................................................ 63 D. The Aix-en-Provence Book of Hours .................................................................................. 69 VII. Conclusion ............................................................................................................................. 76 Bibliography ................................................................................................................................. 79 Appendix I – Illustrations ............................................................................................................. 86 Appendix II – Comparative Table of Subjects ........................................................................... 109 CEU eTD Collection iv List of Diagrams Diagram 1: Dares of Phrygia, De excidio Troiae ......................................................................... 21 Diagram 2: Benoît de Saint-Maure, Roman de Troie ................................................................... 22 Diagram 3: Histoire ancienne jusqu’à César ................................................................................ 23 Diagram 4: Guido delle Colonne, Historia destructionis Troiae .................................................. 24 Diagram 5: Jacques Milet, Lystoire de la destruction de Troye la grant ...................................... 26 Diagram 6: Raoul Le Fèvre, La Recueil des histoires de Troies .................................................. 27 Diagram 7: Jean de Courcy, La Bouquechardière ........................................................................ 28 Diagram 8: Ovide moralisé ........................................................................................................... 29 Diagram 9: Pierre Bersuire, Ovidius moralizatus ......................................................................... 31 Diagram 10: Christine de Pizan, Épistre d’Othéa ......................................................................... 32 CEU eTD Collection v List of Illustrations Figure 1: Master of Fitzwilliam 268, David in Prayer; margin: Judgment of Paris, Villefosse
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