Transcript Item 7: Tall Building’S and London’S Skyline
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Appendix 1 Planning Committee 10 June 2014 Transcript Item 7: Tall Building’s and London’s Skyline Nicky Gavron AM (Chair): If we could just start with each of you telling us who you are, it is as much for us as for the webcast as well. Rowan Moore (architecture critic, The Observer): I am Rowan Moore. I am the architecture critic of The Observer and I am one of the people who initiated The Observer and Architects Journal’s Skyline campaign. Tony Pidgley CBE (Chairman, Berkeley Group plc): Tony Pidgley, Chairman of Berkeley Group, the developer responsible for some of the taller buildings in London. Julia Barfield (Managing Director, MBA): Julia Barfield of Marks Barfield Architects. I am responsible for the London Eye among other things and an architect in London. Peter Rees (Professor of Places and City Planning, The Bartlett, UCL): Peter Rees, Professor of Places and City Planning at University College London and former City Planning Officer at the City of London. Sunand Prasad (Architect, Penoyre & Prasad Architects): I am Sunand Prasad. I am an architect. I am also co-founder of the Commission for Architecture and the Built Environment (CABE), during which time I was involved in looking at tall buildings currently in practice. Sir Edward Lister (Deputy Mayor for Policy and Planning, GLA): Edward Lister. I am the Deputy Mayor responsible for Planning, so the operation of the London Plan and the processing of that come under my area of responsibility. Stewart Murray (Assistant Director – Planning, GLA): Stewart Murray, the Greater London Authority Assistant Director of Planning. Sunand Prasad (Architect, Penoyre & Prasad Architects): Sorry, I should have said that I am also a member of the Mayor’s Design Advisory Group. Nicky Gavron AM (Chair): That is important. Thank you for providing that. I would like to add that Julia [Barfield] is responsible for the wheel, or the London Eye, as you call it. Peter Murray, I would like you to introduce this topic for us and to kick off with a first question, which Steve [O’Connell] is going to ask. But if you would just introduce yourself, Peter, and tell us a little bit about why you are here., Peter Murray (Chairman, New London Architecture): I am Chairman of New London Architecture (NLA) and we are the centre for debate and discussion about issues to do with the built environment in London, with a regular series of debates about issues of concern. We have a large model of central London in our premises in Store Street where we put little models of proposals and buildings that have planning permission. I started to notice over the last year or so that we had more little models going onto the larger model that were taller than one might say had previously been there. We saw these popping up, as you might say, in Nine Elms, the City of London, Canary Wharf, South Quay, Stratford and along the South Bank, so I thought it was worth investigating. We looked into the issue and we came up with some research which showed that there were some 237 towers in the system at the moment; and we thought it was worth doing an exhibition about this, just to show people what was going on. It was clear that many people were not aware of the scale of changes that were happening in London. Clearly, within City Hall, people knew that. Outside we did not, and we thought that it was part of our role as London’s centre for the built environment that we should tell people what was happening. We commissioned models. We commissioned views. We put an exhibition together which gives people a really clear picture of the scale of the issue we face. Our position is that we actually think tall buildings are good, that they are necessary and that well-designed both in terms of the skyline and in terms of how they hit the ground in the right place they are a very good addition to London’s built environment. We would encourage buildings of high quality where we can. In that context we have raised a debate, which is very healthy for London, to ensure that as we meet the huge growth requirement of London over the next few decades, we create a city we can all be proud of. Nicky Gavron AM (Chair): Good. Steve. Steve O’Connell (Deputy Chair): Yes, thank you very much. I am really pleased we are covering this very significant issue and, as an introductory piece, we would like to investigate the drivers of the significant changes you have just referred to; the scale of the change and in essence, as the Chair mentioned earlier, why now as opposed to five, ten or 20 years ago and where, and define what we mean by a tall building. There are definitions but there seems to be some flexing around the definitions and I would like people’s opinions around the definition of what is a tall building. That sets the scene for a debate a little bit later. So, initially I am happy for anyone to come in, but certainly I would look forward to something from Tony, Peter [Rees] and Sir Edward on this one. In those parameters, who would like to pipe up first? Tony Pidgley CBE (Chairman, Berkeley Group plc): I do not think the debate is about tall buildings. It is about numbers and the density that we so desperately need in London. It is a right for everybody to have a home. Equally, though, the public realm and what you make of the place and how you treat the place is important to it. If you look at what we do - and we have been looking at the density and unfortunately I did not get the papers until Friday night, so I do not have as many facts as I would like - but if you take a lot of these big council estates we have pulled down, they are dense. Kidbrooke or Woodbury had 2,000 units and we have now put back 5,000 and have doubled the public open space. We run Market and Opinion Research International (MORI) tests of them and families are wishing to live in them. People do want to live in them. They are good for London. They are good for the economy. I talked to Nicky [Gavron] about it when she asked me to make some points. We bought 1 Blackfriars, which is a very large tower, from the receiver. We talked to the local community and we talked to the local authority about the planning. Nobody wanted to change it. They thought it was architecturally a very pleasing building and I would say to everybody here today ‘architecture’ is always going to be in the eye of the beholder. We gave a cheque upfront when we got planning for £29 million to the London Borough of Southwark. We do not know what they have done to it. We understand it was for the Aylesbury Estate. It creates 200 permanent full-time jobs for London. We invested as Berkeley under the planning £680,000 in training and employment for young people, which has been a great success. The local authority gets a further £3 million in Homes Bonus and the stamp duty on the site is £40 million. If you look at the contribution to society on something like that, £70 million is going into creating other homes. Given that we are the fourth most visited capital city and we are a world-class city, if you take a tower and you build it in isolation and you do not look at its surroundings, it will always be a tower. However you have to look at it in the context of what you are doing with it and how you make the place and how you create homes for people that everybody has a right to have. Nicky Gavron AM (Chair): Tony, you were not building towers, though, in the 1990s, were you? Why now? Steve O’Connell (Deputy Chair): Yes, that was the point. Why now? I accept that you are talking about one of the main drivers. Clearly, on the figures I have, something like 80% of the 236 that have been mentioned are residential. That is your field. That is your area. You are saying that the drivers and the pressures on the boroughs and the Mayor to provide residential or affordable residential in other ways is the key point. However, the Chair has just mentioned that ten years ago the same drivers were there. Kit Malthouse AM: A lot of these sites, though, presumably, you bought quite a long time ago and some of them will have been part of the land bank and now you are building towers just in the last few years. Tony Pidgley CBE (Chairman, Berkeley Group plc): No, it is not as straightforward as that, sorry. 25 years ago when we first came into London, London was not a residential capital then. It was not one of the greatest growing capitals of the world. It has become that over the last 25 years, so there has been a major shift in demand. We should be proud and celebrate the success of London, the jobs it creates and what it is doing at the end of the day. Nicky, we were building towers because the St George Wharf Tower that a lot of people have criticised was approved by you and Ken [Livingstone, former Mayor of London].