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The Handbook Newton Lee Editor

The Transhumanism Handbook Editor Newton Lee , CA, USA Institute for Education Research, and Scholarships Los Angeles, CA, USA

ISBN 978-3-030-16919-0 ISBN 978-3-030-16920-6 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-16920-6

© Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2019, corrected publication 2019 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors, and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

This Springer imprint is published by the registered company Springer Nature Switzerland AG The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland To peace, love, and freedom About the Book

Modern humanity with some 5,000 years of recorded history has been experiencing growing pains, with no end in sight. It is high time for humanity to grow up and to transcend itself by embracing transhumanism. Transhumanism offers the most inclusive ideology for all ethnicities and races, the religious and the atheists, conservatives and liberals, the young and the old regardless of socioeconomic status, gender identity, or any other individual qualities. This book expounds on contemporary views and practical advice from more than 70 transhumanists in order to: (a) Present the whole picture of transhumanism from both secular and religious points of view. (b) Explain and demystify artificial general intelligence and . (c) Offer practical advice on extension and . (d) Explore the roles of blockchain and cryptocurrency in transhumanism. (e) Examine transhumanist economics, ethics, philanthropy, philosophy, and politics. Astronaut Neil Armstrong said on the Apollo 11 moon landing in 1969, “One small step for a man, one giant leap for mankind.” Transhumanism is the next logi- cal step in the evolution of humankind, and it is the existential solution to the long-­ term survival of the race.

vii Contents

Part I of Transhumanism 1 Brave New World of Transhumanism ���������������������������������������������������� 3 Newton Lee 2 History of Transhumanism ��������������������������������������������������������������������� 49 Natasha Vita-More 3 The Boundaries of the Human: From Humanism to Transhumanism ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 63 José Luis Cordeiro 4 How Transhumanism Will Get Us Through the Third Millennium . . 75 Kate Levchuk 5 The Transhumanist Party and the Politics of Abundance �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 89 Gennady Stolyarov II

Part II , Machine Learning, and Superintelligence 6 Beauty Is in the A.I. of the Beholder: Artificial and Superintelligence ������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 153 Newton Lee 7 The Sapient and Sentient Intelligence Value Argument and Effects on Regulating Autonomous Artificial Intelligence ������������ 175 David J. Kelley 8 Choices in a Mediated Artificial Super Intelligence Assisted World: The Before Us ������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 189 Kyrtin Atreides

ix x Contents

9 The Upward Spiral of Inspiration in a mASI Assisted World: Where Root-­Cause Solutions Empower Positive Feedback Loops ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 215 Kyrtin Atreides 10 Creating Conversational AI Capable of Uncommon Range and Empathy, for the Betterment of Business and Humanity ������������ 227 Rob Lubow 11 Humanizing Machines ���������������������������������������������������������������������������� 233 Eleanor “Nell” Watson 12 Ethics and Bias in Machine Learning: A Technical Study of What Makes Us “Good” ���������������������������������������������������������������������� 247 Nicole Shadowen 13 Philosophical, Moral, and Ethical Rationalization of Artificial Intelligence ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 263 Mariana Todorova 14 Theopolis Monk: Envisioning a Future of A.I. Public Service ������������ 271 Scott H. Hawley 15 Hacking the Human Problem ���������������������������������������������������������������� 301 Julia A. Mossbridge

Part III Super and Rejuvenation 16 In Search of Super Longevity and the ���������������������� 313 Newton Lee 17 To Age, or Not to Age: That Is the Question ������������������������������������������ 355 Maria Entraigues Abramson 18 Drinking From the Air ���������������������������������������������������������������������������� 361 Joe Bardin 19 Transhumanism and Older Adult Quality of Life �������������������������������� 369 Jonathan Squyres 20 Are You Willing to Die for Reductionism? �������������������������������������������� 373 Michael R. Rose and Grant A. Rutledge 21 What Do Need to Know to Treat Degenerative Aging as a Medical Condition to Extend Healthy Lifespan? �������������������������� 381 Ilia Stambler 22 Harnessing Nature’s Clues for , Reversion, and Rejuvenation ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 397 Ira S. Pastor Contents xi

23 Induced Turnover and the Future of ������������������������������������������������������������������������ 413 Jakub Stefaniak, Francesco Albert Bosco Cortese, and Giovanni Santostasi 24 Extending Healthy Human Lifespan Using Therapy ���������������� 423 Elizabeth Parrish 25 How to Reach a Societal Turning Point on ������������������ 431 Keith Comito 26 How to Organize a Moonshot Project for Amortality: Scientific, Political, Social and Ethical Questions �������������������������������� 455 Didier Coeurnelle 27 Taking Up the Cosmic Office: Transhumanism and the Necessity of Longevity ���������������������������������������������������������������� 465 Kali Carrigan

Part IV Biohacking and Mental Health 28 and Cybernetic Art ������������������������������������������������������������������ 477 Newton Lee 29 My Transhumanist Story of Overcoming with LEGO ������������������������ 491 David Aguilar 30 Biohacktivism, Cyborgasm, and Transhumanism �������������������������������� 499 Rich Lee 31 The (R)Evolution of the Human Mind �������������������������������������������������� 503 Augusta L. Wellington 32 Transhumanism from the View of a Psychologist, Focusing on Mental Health Issues ���������������������������������������������������������� 507 Andjelka (Angie) Stones

Part V Blockchain and Cryptocurrency 33 Crypto Cloudminds ���������������������������������������������������������� 513 Melanie Swan 34 Transhumanism and Distributed Ledger ������������������������ 529 Calem John Smith 35 DoI-SMS: A Diffusion of Innovations Based Subsidy Minting Schedule for Proof-­of-­Work Cryptocurrencies ���������������������� 533 Janez Trobevšek, Calem John Smith, and Federico De Gonzalez-Soler xii Contents

Part VI Art, Literature, and Films 36 In the Afterglow of the Big Bang: Science, , and Transhumanism ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 549 Judith Reeves-Stevens and Garfield Reeves-Stevens 37 Not in the Image of : as Humans’ Other in Contemporary Science Fiction Film, Literature and Art �������������������� 557 Sophie Wennerscheid 38 Jethro Knights—Human to Machine: A Hero We Love To Hate �������� 573 Chris T. Armstrong 39 Art and Transhumanism ������������������������������������������������������������������������ 583 R. Nicholas Starr 40 An Artist’s Creative Process: A Model for Conscious Evolution �������� 587 Dinorah Delfin

Part VII Society and Ethics 41 Pragmatic Paths in Transhumanism ������������������������������������������������������ 605 Jeffrey Zilahy 42 Leave Nobody Behind: The Future of Societies ������������������������������������ 613 Amanda Stoel 43 Should We Genetically Engineer Humans to Live in Space? �������������� 619 Amanda Stoel 44 The Meme of Altruism and Degrees of Personhood ���������������������������� 623 Amanda Stoel 45 Charity in a Transhumanist World, and Our World Becoming So ���� 631 Stephen Valadez 46 Two-Worlds Theory: When Offline and Online Worlds Begin to Blur ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 637 B. J. Murphy 47 Digital Eternity ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 645 Henrique Jorge 48 Nietzschean Superhuman Evolution in Decentralized Technological Era ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 651 Eugene Lukyanov 49 A Transhumanist World Comes from Diversity of Thought ���������������� 659 Martin van der Kroon 50 Imagination and Transhumansim ���������������������������������������������������������� 663 Sylvester Geldtmeijer 51 Transhumanism Is the Idea of Man Merging with ���������� 667 Vineeta Sharma Contents xiii

52 Towards Sustainable Superabundance �������������������������������������������������� 675 David W. Wood 53 Utilizing Transhumanism for the United Nations Global Goals ���������� 681 Barış Bayram 54 Geoengineering: Approaching as a Present-Day, Preventable Issue �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 685 Daniel Yeluashvili 55 IoT and Transhumanism ������������������������������������������������������������������������ 689 Mark Crowther 56 Transhumanism in India: Past, Present and the Future ���������������������� 701 Sarah Ahamed, Palak Madan, and Avinash Kumar Singh

Part VIII Philosophy and Religion 57 Advancing Neutral Monism in Big History and Transhumanist Philosophy ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 717 Ojochogwu Abdul 58 World at Play �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 741 Anca I. Selariu 59 Transhumanism: Variety Is the Ultimate Hack ������������������������������������ 761 Michele Adelson-Gavrieli 60 Christian? Transhumanist? A Christian Primer for Engaging Transhumanism ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 771 Carmen Fowler LaBerge 61 Christian Transhumanism: Exploring the Future of Faith ������������������ 777 Micah Redding 62 Boarding the Transhumanist Train: How Far Should the Christian Ride? ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 795 Ted Peters 63 Thinking Like a Christian About Transhumanism ������������������������������ 805 Joshua Marshall Strahan 64 A Transhumanist God ����������������������������������������������������������������������������� 823 Blaire Ostler 65 Transfigurism: A Future of Religion as Exemplified by Religious Transhumanists ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 829 Lincoln Cannon 66 Equalism: Paradise Regained ���������������������������������������������������������������� 849 Inessa Lee About the Editor

Newton Lee is an author, educator, and . He was the founder of Disney Online Technology Forum, creator of AT&T ’ first-ever commercial artifi- cial intelligence tool, inventor of the world’s first annotated multimedia OPAC for the US National Agricultural Library, and longest-serving editor in chief in the his- tory of the Association for Computing Machinery for its publication in Entertainment (2003–2018). Lee is the chairman of the California Transhumanist Party, education and media advisor to the US Transhumanist Party, and president of the 501(c)(3) nonprofit Institute for Education, Research, and Scholarships. He graduated Summa Cum Laude from Virginia Tech with a B.S. and M.S. degree in Computer Science (spe- cializing in Artificial Intelligence) and earned a perfect GPA from Vincennes University with an A.S. degree in Electrical Engineering and an honorary doctorate in Computer Science. He has been honored with a Michigan Leading Edge Technologies Award, two community development awards from the California Junior Chamber of Commerce, and four volunteer project leadership awards from The Company. Lee’s Total Information Awareness trilogy books (Facebook Nation, Counterterrorism and Cybersecurity, and It) have garnered rave reviews from Eleanor Clift of Newsweek, The Daily Beast, ACM Computing Reviews, AdWeek SocialTimes, Choice Magazine, and Carmen LaBerge of Faith Radio, among others. Dr. Laura Wilhelm for The Hollywood Times applauded that “Newton Lee’s thorough and thoughtful analysis should please pacifists in search of lasting solutions to the planet’s biggest problems.” Veteran Staff Sergeant Andrew Price of the US Air Force (USAF) remarked, “I am inspired by the prospect of world peace. I’d fully recommend following the author’s steps, reaching beyond our borders, making friends outside our norm, and helping to foster world peace and a better tomorrow.”

xv Contributors

Ojochogwu Abdul University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria Maria Entraigues Abramson Global Outreach Coordinator, SENS Research Foundation, Mountain View, CA, USA Michele Adelson-Gavrieli Artificial Intelligence Incubators & Sounds of the Heart, Ashkelon, Israel David Aguilar UIC Barcelona – Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain Sarah Ahamed India Future Society, Bangalore, India Chris T. Armstrong Transhumanist, Kansas City, MO, USA Kyrtin Atreides The Foundation, Seattle, WA, USA Joe Bardin People Unlimited, Scottsdale, AZ, USA Barış Bayram Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Lincoln Cannon Mormon Transhumanist Association, Orem, UT, USA Kali Carrigan Universiteit van Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands Didier Coeurnelle AFT-Technoprog and Heales, Brussels, Belgium Keith Comito Life Extension Advocacy Foundation (LEAF)/Lifespan.io, Seaford, NY, USA José Luis Cordeiro Humanity+, Madrid, Spain Francesco Albert Bosco Cortese Research Foundation, Oxford, UK Mark Crowther Technologist and Writer at BJSS, , UK Dinorah Delfin United States Transhumanist Party, New York, NY, USA

xvii xviii Contributors

Sylvester Geldtmeijer Amsterdam, The Netherlands Federico De Gonzalez-Soler Cryptoz, Blair Athol, Australia Scott H. Hawley Department of Chemistry and Physics, Belmont University, Nashville, TN, USA Henrique Jorge ETER9, Viseu Area, Portugal David J. Kelley Artificial General Intelligence Inc., Provo, UT, USA Martin van der Kroon United States Transhumanist Party, Amersfoort, The Netherlands Carmen Fowler LaBerge Faith Radio Network, Saint Paul, MN, USA Inessa Lee California Transhumanist Party, Los Angeles, CA, USA Institute for Education, Research, and Scholarships, Los Angeles, CA, USA Newton Lee California Transhumanist Party, Los Angeles, CA, USA Institute for Education, Research, and Scholarships, Los Angeles, CA, USA Rich Lee Biohacker & , Washington, UT, USA Kate Levchuk Founder of Transpire, Futurist at KateGoesTech, London, UK Rob Lubow Botcopy, Los Angeles, CA, USA Eugene Lukyanov UA Realty Group, Kyiv, Ukraine Palak Madan India Future Society, Bangalore, India Julia A. Mossbridge Mossbridge Institute, LLC, Sebastopol, CA, USA B. J. Murphy United States Transhumanist Party, Dobson, NC, USA Blaire Ostler Mormon Transhumanist Association, Orem, UT, USA Elizabeth Parrish BioViva, Bainbridge , WA, USA Ira S. Pastor Bioquark Inc., Philadelphia, PA, USA Ted Peters Graduate Theological Union, Berkeley, CA, USA Micah Redding Christian Transhumanist Association, Nashville, TN, USA Garfield Reeves-Stevens Victoria, Canada Judith Reeves-Stevens Victoria, Canada Michael R. Rose Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA Grant A. Rutledge Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA Giovanni Santostasi Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA Contributors xix

Anca I. Selariu BioViva, Bainbridge Island, WA, USA Nicole Shadowen John Jay College of Criminal Justice, , NY, USA Vineeta Sharma tecHindustan, Mohali, Punjab, India Avinash Kumar Singh India Future Society, Bangalore, India University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, Australia Calem John Smith Zerozed, Perth, Australia Jonathan Squyres Global New World, Lufkin, TX, USA Ilia Stambler Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel R. Nicholas Starr California Transhumanist Party, Grass Valley, CA, USA Jakub Stefaniak Nuffield Department of Medicine, Target Discovery Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK Amanda Stoel DIY Futurist, Bussum, The Netherlands Gennady Stolyarov II United States Transhumanist Party, Carson City, NV, USA Andjelka (Angie) Stones NorthCentral University, Scottsdale, AZ, USA Joshua Marshall Strahan Lipscomb University, Nashville, TN, USA Melanie Swan Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA Institute for Blockchain Studies, West Lafayette, IN, USA DIYgenomics, West Lafayette, IN, USA Mariana Todorova Bulgarian Academy of Sciences (Millennium project Bulgarian Node), Sofia, Bulgaria Janez Trobevšek Cryptoz, Blair Athol, Australia Stephen Valadez Chattanooga, TN, USA Natasha Vita-More Humanity+, Inc. and University of Advancing Technology, Tempe, AZ, USA Eleanor “Nell” Watson Singularity University, Mountain View, USA Augusta L. Wellington International Psychoanalytic Association and Psychoanalyst in Private Practice, Nassau, Bahamas Sophie Wennerscheid Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium University of Copenhagen, København, Denmark David W. Wood Delta Wisdom, London, UK Daniel Yeluashvili San Francisco State University, San Francisco, CA, USA Jeffrey Zilahy Transhumanist Consultant, New York, NY, USA