15-067 Regulatory Sign Installations (PDF)
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Charters: What Survives?
Banner 4-final.qxp_Layout 1 01/11/2016 09:29 Page 1 Charters: what survives? Charters are our main source for twelh- and thirteenth-century Scotland. Most surviving charters were written for monasteries, which had many properties and privileges and gained considerable expertise in preserving their charters. However, many collections were lost when monasteries declined aer the Reformation (1560) and their lands passed to lay lords. Only 27% of Scottish charters from 1100–1250 survive as original single sheets of parchment; even fewer still have their seal attached. e remaining 73% exist only as later copies. Survival of charter collectionS (relating to 1100–1250) GEOGRAPHICAL SPREAD from inStitutionS founded by 1250 Our picture of documents in this period is geographically distorted. Some regions have no institutions with surviving charter collections, even as copies (like Galloway). Others had few if any monasteries, and so lacked large charter collections in the first place (like Caithness). Others are relatively well represented (like Fife). Survives Lost or unknown number of Surviving charterS CHRONOLOGICAL SPREAD (by earliest possible decade of creation) 400 Despite losses, the surviving documents point to a gradual increase Copies Originals in their use in the twelh century. 300 200 100 0 109 0s 110 0s 111 0s 112 0s 113 0s 114 0s 115 0s 116 0s 1170s 118 0s 119 0s 120 0s 121 0s 122 0s 123 0s 124 0s TYPES OF DONOR typeS of donor – Example of Melrose Abbey’s Charters It was common for monasteries to seek charters from those in Lay Lords Kings positions of authority in the kingdom: lay lords, kings and bishops. -
(12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2005/0250845 A1 Vermeersch Et Al
US 2005O250845A1 (19) United States (12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2005/0250845 A1 Vermeersch et al. (43) Pub. Date: Nov. 10, 2005 (54) PSEUDOPOLYMORPHIC FORMS OF A HIV (86) PCT No.: PCT/EP03/50176 PROTEASE INHIBITOR (30) Foreign Application Priority Data (75) Inventors: Hans Wim Pieter Vermeersch, Gent (BE); Daniel Joseph Christiaan May 16, 2002 (EP)........................................ O2O76929.5 Thone, Beerse (BE); Luc Donne O O Marie-Louise Janssens, Malle (BE) Publication Classification Correspondence Address: (51) Int. Cl." ............................................ A61K 31/353 PHILIP S. JOHNSON (52) U.S. Cl. ............................................ 514/456; 549/396 JOHNSON & JOHNSON ONE JOHNSON & JOHNSON PLAZA NEW BRUNSWICK, NJ 08933-7003 (US) (57) ABSTRACT (73) Assignee: Tibotec Parmaceuticeals New pseudopolymorphic forms of (3R,3aS,6aR)-hexahy (21) Appl. No.: 10/514,352 drofuro2,3-blfuran-3-yl (1S,2R)-3-(4-aminophenyl)sul fonyl(isobutyl)amino-1-benzyl-2-hydroxypropylcarbam (22) PCT Fed: May 16, 2003 ate and processes for producing them are disclosed. Patent Application Publication Nov. 10, 2005 Sheet 1 of 18 US 2005/0250845 A1 E. i Patent Application Publication Nov. 10, 2005 Sheet 2 of 18 US 2005/0250845 A1 e Patent Application Publication Nov. 10, 2005 Sheet 3 of 18 US 2005/0250845 A1 Patent Application Publication Nov. 10, 2005 Sheet 4 of 18 US 2005/0250845 A1 92 NO C12S)-No S. C19 Se (Sb so woSC2 AS27 SN22 C23 Figure 4 Patent Application Publication Nov. 10, 2005 Sheet 5 of 18 US 2005/0250845 A1 -- 1800 1600 1400 1200 1000 800 soc wavenumbers (cm) Figure 5 - P1 : - P8'i P19 .. -
Jewish Persecutions and Weather Shocks: 1100-1800⇤
Jewish Persecutions and Weather Shocks: 1100-1800⇤ § Robert Warren Anderson† Noel D. Johnson‡ Mark Koyama University of Michigan, Dearborn George Mason University George Mason University This Version: 30 December, 2013 Abstract What factors caused the persecution of minorities in medieval and early modern Europe? We build amodelthatpredictsthatminoritycommunitiesweremorelikelytobeexpropriatedinthewake of negative income shocks. Using panel data consisting of 1,366 city-level persecutions of Jews from 936 European cities between 1100 and 1800, we test whether persecutions were more likely in colder growing seasons. A one standard deviation decrease in average growing season temperature increased the probability of a persecution between one-half and one percentage points (relative to a baseline probability of two percent). This effect was strongest in regions with poor soil quality or located within weak states. We argue that long-run decline in violence against Jews between 1500 and 1800 is partly attributable to increases in fiscal and legal capacity across many European states. Key words: Political Economy; State Capacity; Expulsions; Jewish History; Climate JEL classification: N33; N43; Z12; J15; N53 ⇤We are grateful to Megan Teague and Michael Szpindor Watson for research assistance. We benefited from comments from Ran Abramitzky, Daron Acemoglu, Dean Phillip Bell, Pete Boettke, Tyler Cowen, Carmel Chiswick, Melissa Dell, Dan Bogart, Markus Eberhart, James Fenske, Joe Ferrie, Raphäel Franck, Avner Greif, Philip Hoffman, Larry Iannaccone, Remi Jedwab, Garett Jones, James Kai-sing Kung, Pete Leeson, Yannay Spitzer, Stelios Michalopoulos, Jean-Laurent Rosenthal, Naomi Lamoreaux, Jason Long, David Mitch, Joel Mokyr, Johanna Mollerstrom, Robin Mundill, Steven Nafziger, Jared Rubin, Gail Triner, John Wallis, Eugene White, Larry White, and Ekaterina Zhuravskaya. -
According to the Liber De Unitate Ecclesiae Conservanda
CHAPTER SIX THE ‘RIGHT ORDER OF THE WORLD’ ACCORDING TO THE LIBER DE UNITATE ECCLESIAE CONSERVANDA Introduction “No one ascends to heaven except for those who come from heaven, the son of man who is in heaven.” With these words, found in the holy gospel, the Lord commanded the unity of the church; united through love and through the unity of its saver, the head of the church, who leads it to heaven.1 This passage, stressing the theme of unity, opens one of the most famous and important tracts in the polemical literature,2 the Liber de unitate ecclesiae conservanda (Ldu) from the early 1090s. By this time, the ponti cate of Urban II (1088–1099) had experienced some rough times.3 The royal side had emerged victorious from the erce struggles of the closing years of Pope Gregory VII’s reign, manifested in the enthronisa- tion of anti-pope Guibert of Ravenna, the sacking of Rome,4 and the crowning of King Henry IV as emperor in 1084.5 Moreover, the death 1 Nemo ascendit in caelum, nisi qui descendit de caelo, lius hominis, qui est in caelo. Per haec sancti euangelii verba commendat Dominus unitatem ecclesiae, quae per caritatem concordans membrorum unitate colligit se in caelum in ipso redemptore, qui est caput ecclesiae (Ldu, 273). 2 Wattenbach and Holtzmann 1967b: 406; Affeldt 1969: 313; Koch 1972: 45; Erdmann 1977: 260. Boshof 1979b: 98; Cowdrey 1998a: 265. 3 The papacy of Urban II has been seen as a continuation of the Gregorian reform project; see Schmale 1961a: 275. -
The Christianization of the Dome of the Rock the Early Years of the Eleventh
CHAPTER FIVE THE CHRISTIANIZATION OF THE DOME OF THE ROCK The early years of the eleventh century have been described as the only period to witness official persecution of Jews and Christians by Muslims during Arab rule in Jerusalem.1 The Fatimid caliph Al-Hakim (996–1021), responsible for the persecution, terrorized Muslims as well. Al-Hakim, known to be deranged, called for the destruction of synagogues and churches, and had the Holy Sepulcher in Jerusalem razed in 1009.2 How- ever, one year before his death in 1021, this madman changed his attitude and allowed Jews and Christians to rebuild their churches and synagogues. The Jews did not find it easy to rebuild; even the Christians did not com- plete the reconstruction of the Holy Sepulcher until 1048, and then only with the help of Byzantine emperors.3 The destruction initiated by the mad caliph was cited by Pope Urban II decades later when, in 1096, he rallied his warring Frankish knights to avenge the “ruination” of the Christian altars by Muslims in the Holy Land. Though by the 1090s al-Hakim was long dead, and the Holy Sepulcher rebuilt and once again in Christian hands, Urban used the earlier events in service of his desire to quell the civil strife among the western knights. Some months after receiving a plea from Emperor Alexius I to help defend Byzantium from the Seljuk Turks, Urban called upon his knights to cease their greedy, internecine feuds and fight instead to regain control over the Holy Land—to remove the “pollution of paganism” that stained the holy city. -
TEC-1090 Datasheet 5165B
Thermo Electric Cooling Temperature Controller TEC-1090 TEC Controller / Peltier Driver ±16 A / ±19 V OEM Precision TEC Controller General Description The TEC-1090 is a specialized TEC controller / power supply able to precision-drive Peltier elements. It features a true bipolar current source for cooling / heating, two temperature monitoring inputs (1x high precision, 1x auxiliary) and intelligent PID control with auto tuning. The TEC-1090 is fully digitally controlled, its hard- and firmware offer various communication and safety options. The included PC-Software allows configuration, control, monitoring and live diagnosis of the TEC controller via USB and RS485. All parameters are saved to non-volatile memory. Saving can be disabled for bus operation. For the most straightforward applications, only a power supply, a Peltier element and one temperature sensor Features need to be connected to the TEC-1090. After power-up the DC Input Voltage: 12 – 24 V nominal unit will operate according to pre-configured values. (In TEC Controller / Driver: Autonomous Operation stand-alone mode no control interface is needed.) Output Current: 0 to ±16 A, <1.5% Ripple The TEC-1090 can handle Pt100, Pt1000 or NTC (0 to ±10 A available as TEC-1089) temperature probes. For highest precision and stability Output Voltage: 0 to ±19 V (max. U IN - 3.5 V) applications a Pt1000 / 4-wire input configuration is Temp. Sensor Types: Pt100, Pt1000, NTC recommended. (Temperature acquisition circuitry of each Temperature Precision: <0.01 °C individual device is factory-calibrated to ensure optimal accuracy and repeatability.) Temperature Stability: <0.01 °C An auxiliary temperature input allows the connection of an Thermal Power Control: PID, Performance-optimized NTC probe that is located on the heat sink of the Peltier Configuration / Diagnosis: via USB / RS485 (Software) element. -
1060S 1070S 1080S 1090S 1100S 1110S 1120S 1130S 1140S 1150S
Domesday structure of Allertonshire Traces of the medieval village First edition 1:10560 OS map (1856) Villages where Village pump churches were David Rogers Depiction of Thornton le Street mill on early C18th map The Catholic cemetery affected by Medieval jug found in Area of 6 carucates (Thornton le Street) and at Kilvington Old Hall Scots raids in Thornton le Street in 1980s Wood End: reproduced by permission 7 carucates (North Kilvington) @ 120acres/carucate 1318 of North Yorkshire Library Services East window in St Leonard’s 1783: from Armstrong’s Post roads Church: by Kempe (1894) 1060s 1070s 1080s 1090s 1100s 1110s 1120s 1130s 1140s 1150s 1160s 1170s 1180s 1190s 1200s 1210s 1220s 1230s 1240s 1250s 1260s 1270s 1280s 1290s 1300s 1310s 1320s 1330s 1340s 1350s 1360s 1370s 1380s 1390s 1400s 1410s 1420s 1430s 1440s 1450s 1460s 1470s 1480s 1490s 1500s 1510s 1520s 1530s 1540s 1550s 1560s 1570s 1580s 1590s 1600s 1610s 1620s 1630s 1640s 1650s 1660s 1670s 1680s 1690s 1700s 1710s 1720s 1730s 1740s 1750s 1760s 1770s 1780s 1790s 1800s 1810s 1820s 1830s 1840s 1850s 1860s 1870s 1880s 1890s 1900s 1910s 1920s 1930s 1940s 1950s 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s 2000s 2010s 1042-1066 1066 Harold II 1087 -1100 1100-1135 1135-1154 1154 -1189 1189-1199 1199-1216 1216 -1272 1272-1307 1307-1327 1327 -1377 1377-1399 1399-1413 1413-1422 1422 -1461 1461 -1483 1483 Ed V 1485-1509 1509-1547 1547-1553 1553 Grey 1558 - 1603 1603 -1625 1625-1649 1649-1660 1660 -1685 1685-8 1688-1702 1702-1714 1714 - 1727 1727 -1760 1760-1820 1820-1830 1830-1837 1837-1901 1901-1910 1910 -
Proceedings of the International Expert Meeting on Virtual Water Trade
Edited by Virtual water trade A.Y. Hoekstra February 2003 Proceedings of the International Expert Meeting on Virtual Water Trade IHE Delft, The Netherlands 12-13 December 2002 Value of Water Research Report Series No. 12 Virtual water trade Proceedings of the International Expert Meeting on Virtual Water Trade Edited by A.Y. Hoekstra February 2003 Value of Water Research Report Series No. 12 IHE Delft P.O. Box 3015 2601 DA Delft The Netherlands Preface This report results from the International Expert Meeting on Virtual Water Trade that was held at IHE Delft, the Netherlands, 12-13 December 2002. The aim of the Expert Meeting was to exchange scientific knowledge on the subject of Virtual Water Trade, to review the state-of-the-art in this field of expertise, to discuss in-depth the various aspects relevant to the subject and to set the agenda for future research. In particular the meeting was used as a preparatory meeting to the Session on ‘Virtual Water Trade and Geopolitics’ to take place at the Third World Water Forum in Japan, March 2003. The expert meeting in Delft was the first meeting in a series of meetings organised in the framework of phase VI of the International Hydrological Programme (IHP) of UNESCO and WMO. The meetings fit in the programme ‘Water Interactions: Systems at Risk and Social Challenges’, in particular Focal Area 2.4 ‘Methodologies for Integrated River Basin Management’ and Focal Area 4.2 ‘Value of Water’. The series is organised under the auspices of the Dutch and German IHP Committees and the International Water Assessment Centre (IWAC). -
The Crusades
The Crusades There were a number of different Crusades from 1090s through the 1200s. The People's Crusade, led by ______________ the Hermit in 1096. The people who set out from France included _______________________________________. When they arrived in ______________________ the Emperor shipped across to Asia Minor. They found an empty castle and settled in. Turkish soldiers crept up and surrounded them. The leader of the peasant Crusaders offered to surrender, but asked to be spared. When the gates were opened the soldiers attacked. Very few crusaders survived. The First Crusade, 1096-1099, led by ___ nobles who led their armies by different routes to Constantinople. _________________ people set out, but only ____________ were knights. (The others were wives, children, cooks, blacksmiths, etc.) Once again, the emperor sent them across to Asia Minor (so they wouldn't __________________________) They had a terrible trip across to the Holy Land because ___________________________________________________________. Eventually they reached Jerusalem. They constructed siege towers and eventually attacked and entered the city. Many inhabitants were massacred. After that many crusaders went home. Those who stayed organized four feudal territories which were known as ______________________, the Kingdom beyond the Sea. Crusaders occupied this territory for nearly __________ years. The Second Crusade, 1147-49, led by the French King _________________, his wife _________________ of Aquitaine, and Conrad III of the Holy Roman Empire. ©Made by Liesl at homeschoolden.com They traveled in style with troubadours and wagons with clothes, furs, jewels, cookware, carpets, etc. The French and German armies attacked Damascus, but a storm of arrows from the city walls killed hundreds of French soldiers. -
June 2019 Question Paper 52
Cambridge Assessment International Education Cambridge Pre-U Certificate HISTORY (PRINCIPAL) 9769/52 Paper 5b Special Subject: The Crusades, 1095–1192 May/June 2019 2 hours *1574684771* Additional Materials: Answer Booklet/Paper READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST If you have been given an Answer Booklet, follow the instructions on the front cover of the Booklet. Write your centre number, candidate number and name on all the work you hand in. Write in dark blue or black pen. Do not use staples, paper clips, glue or correction fluid. DO NOT WRITE IN ANY BARCODES. Answer Question 1 in Section A. Answer one question from Section B. You are reminded of the need for analysis and critical evaluation in your answers to questions. You should also show, where appropriate, an awareness of links and comparisons between different countries and different periods. At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together. The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question. This syllabus is regulated for use in England, Wales and Northern Ireland as a Cambridge International Level 3 Pre-U Certificate. This document consists of 4 printed pages. DC (LT) 162425/3 © UCLES 2019 [Turn over 2 Section A Nominated topic: The preaching of, and responses to the call for, the First Crusade 1 Study all the documents and answer the questions below. In evaluating and commenting upon the documents, it is essential to set them alongside, and to make use of, your own contextual knowledge. A An account of Urban II’s speech at Clermont in 1095, and the response of the crowd, written by a French monk who was present at the council and who participated in the First Crusade. -
THE PAPAL ELECTORAL DECREE of 1059 the Original Decree
CHAPTER TEN THE PAPAL ELECTORAL DECREE OF 1059 The original decree has never been found, and indeed may inten tionally have been deleted from the Register of Nicholas II. Almost certainly the side that spawned the forgery conspired to suppress it. In the Chronicon, Gregory of Catino transmitted the version that emphasized the role of the emperor; the other stressed the preroga tives of the cardinal bishops.1 At one time this was called the "pa pal" version, and the one in the Chronicon the "imperial." Even though the evidence is not conclusive, scholars now generally believe that the "papal" version is genuine, and the "imperial" version a for gery.2 Because the terms, "papal" and "imperial," are now judged to be too crude, they are respectively replaced by "genuine," and "for gery." Manuscripts of the "forgery" were broadly disseminated in Italy and Germany, and manuscripts of the "genuine" in France.3 On mainly ideological grounds it formerly was thought that the "forgery" was drafted in the late 1080s or 1090s in the circle of the 1 For one of the most recent studies citing virtually all of the literature, and repro ducing comparative texts of both versions see Detlev Jasper, Das Papstwahldekret von 1059: Überlieferung und Texigestalt (Sigmaringen, 1986). 2 Although Jasper himself has no doubt that the "papal" version of the decree is genuine, he cites the literature which argues for each side. Das Papstwahldekret, η. 9, p. 13; p. 14 and n. 53; p. 15 and n. 54; pp. 94-95; n. 220, p. 56. Paul Scheffer-Boichhorst wrote the groundbreaking study, Die Neuordnung der Papstwahl durch Mcolaus IL (Strassburg, 1879); Hermann Grauert carefully examined related documents and arguments of scholars that cast light on the authenticity of the two versions. -
Levelone User Manual
LevelOne User Manual FCS-1091 Day/Night PoE IP Network Camera WCS-1090 11b/g Wireless Day/Night IP Network Camera Ver. 1.1.0-0809 Safety FCC This equipment has been tested and found to comply with Part 15 of the FCC Rules. Operation is subject to the following two conditions: (1) This device may not cause harmful interference (2) This device must accept any interference received, including interference that may cause undesired operation. CE This equipment is in compliance with the requirements of the following regulations: EN 55 022: CLASS B RoHS This product is RoHS compliant. ii Table of Contents CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION............................................................................................... 1 Overview ............................................................................................................................ 1 Physical Details - FCS-1091/WCS-1090........................................................................... 4 Package Contents .............................................................................................................. 6 CHAPTER 2 BASIC SETUP .................................................................................................. 7 System Requirements........................................................................................................ 7 Installation - FCS-1091/WCS-1090.................................................................................. 8 Setup using the Windows Wizard ...................................................................................