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Algoa Bayadz Draftbar Appd3 Marinespecialiststudy.Pdf ALGOA BAY SEA-BASED AQUACULTURE DEVELOPMENT ZONE BASIC ASSESSMENT PROCESS IN TERMS OF THE NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT ACT, 1998 (ACT NO. 107 OF 1998) DRAFT BASIC ASSESSMENT REPORT APPENDIX D: MARINE SPECIALIST IMPACT ASSESSMENT research & monitoring Anchor Research and Monitoring Report No. 1808/2 ALGOA BAY SEA-BASED AQUACULTURE DEVELOPMENT ZONE BASIC ASSESSMENT PROCESS IN TERMS OF THE NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT ACT, 1998 (ACT NO. 107 OF 1998) DRAFT BASIC ASSESSMENT REPORT MARINE SPECIALIST IMPACT ASSESSMENT July 2019 Report Prepared for: Department of Agriculture, Forestry & Fisheries Report Prepared by: research & monitoring 8 Steenberg House, Silverwood Close, Tokai 7945, South Africa https://anchorenvironmental.co.za Authors: Kenneth Hutchings, Megan Laird, Amy Wright and Barry Clark Citation: Hutchings K, Laird M, Wright A, & Clark B. 2019. Algoa Bay Sea-based Aquaculture Development Zone. Basic Assessment Process in Terms of the National Environmental Management Act, 1998 (Act No. 107 of 1998). Marine Specialist Impact Assessment – July 2019. Report No. 1808/2 prepared for the Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (DAFF) by Anchor Research and Monitoring (Pty) Ltd. 89 pp. research & monitoring PROJECT DETAILS Objective Application for Environmental Authorisation in terms of the National Environmental Management Act, 1998 (Act No 107 of 1998) Applicant Department of Agriculture, Forestry & Fisheries Environmental Assessment Practitioner (EAP) Vera Massie under supervision of Dr Barry Clark from Anchor Research & Monitoring (Pty) Ltd Anchor Project Name Algoa Bay Sea-based Aquaculture Development Zone Basic Assessment Process Anchor Project Number 1808 Status Application phase Application submission date To be confirmed Competent Authority Reference Not currently assigned Case Officer Not currently assigned OVERVIEW OF PROJECT OUTPUTS BASIC ASSESSMENT REPORT AND APPENDICES Basic Assessment Pre-Application BAR – Released for comment between 28 March and 30 April 2019 Report (BAR) Draft BAR - Current Final BAR – To be completed after application-phase public participation period Appendix A Environmental Management Programme (EMPr) Appendix B Details of EAP, Expertise and Declaration Appendix C Details of Specialists, Expertise and Declaration Appendix D Specialist studies: 1. Benthic Mapping Assessment for the Proposed Algoa Bay Sea-based Aquaculture Development Zone (Dawson et al. 2019) 2. Dispersion Modelling Study for the Proposed Algoa Bay Sea-based Aquaculture Development Zone (Wright et al. 2019) 3. Marine Specialist Study 2019 (Hutchings et al. 2019) 4. Maritime Underwater Heritage Specialist Study (Gribble 2019) 5. Comparative Assessments for the Development of the Proposed Sea-based Aquaculture Development Zone Located within Algoa Bay in the Eastern Cape in South Africa (Rhodes University August 2016) a. Socio-economic Report b. Ecological Report c. Feasibility study Appendix E Background Information Document Appendix F Stakeholder Consultation Report i research & monitoring NOTE: In response to stakeholder comments, the pre-application Basic Assessment Report (BAR) (Anchor Report 1808/1) was updated at the end of the pre-application commenting period (28 March – 30 April 2019) to produce the Draft BAR. All changes to the content in the Draft BAR are underlined for easier reference. A Stakeholder Consultation Report, reflecting stakeholder comments received during the pre-application stakeholder engagement process and responses by Anchor, specialists and DAFF, is included in Appendix F. ii research & monitoring TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................................ 1 1.1 SITE LOCATION ........................................................................................................................................... 5 1.2 TERMS OF REFERENCE ................................................................................................................................. 5 2 PROJECT DESCRIPTION................................................................................................................................... 5 2.1 FINFISH FARMING ....................................................................................................................................... 6 2.1.1 FARMING TECHNOLOGY ........................................................................................................................... 6 2.1.2 POTENTIAL CULTURE SPECIES .................................................................................................................... 7 2.1.3 STOCKING DENSITY ............................................................................................................................... 10 2.2 SHELLFISH FARMING ................................................................................................................................. 12 3 DESCRIPTION OF THE AFFECTED ENVIRONMENT ................................................................................................. 14 3.1 OCEANOGRAPHY ...................................................................................................................................... 14 3.1.1 REGIONAL OCEANOGRAPHY.................................................................................................................... 14 3.2 BIOGEOGRAPHY ....................................................................................................................................... 19 3.3 ECOLOGY ................................................................................................................................................ 20 3.3.1 ROCKY SHORES .................................................................................................................................... 20 3.3.2 SANDY BEACHES .................................................................................................................................. 21 3.3.3 SUBTIDAL ........................................................................................................................................... 23 3.3.4 BENTHIC MACROFAUNA ........................................................................................................................ 24 3.3.5 BIRDS ................................................................................................................................................ 27 3.3.6 FISH, SQUID, MARINE MAMMALS AND SHARKS ........................................................................................... 28 3.3.7 ALIEN AND INVASIVE SPECIES .................................................................................................................. 31 3.4 BIODIVERSITY IMPORTANCE AND CONSERVATION STATUS ................................................................................ 32 3.5 IN-SITU MONITORING OF POTENTIAL SITES ..................................................................................................... 34 4 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT .......................................................................................................... 38 4.1 DESCRIPTION OF ALTERNATIVES ................................................................................................................... 39 4.1.1 ALGOA 1 OPTION 1 .............................................................................................................................. 40 4.1.2 ALGOA 6 ............................................................................................................................................ 40 4.1.3 ALGOA 7 ............................................................................................................................................ 41 4.1.4 ASSESSMENT OF IMPACTS: CONSTRUCTION PHASE ...................................................................................... 41 4.1.4.1 POTENTIAL IMPACT CP-ME1: DISTURBANCE OF BENTHIC HABITAT ....................................................... 41 4.1.5 ASSESSMENT OF IMPACTS: OPERATIONAL PHASE ........................................................................................ 42 4.1.5.1 FINFISH MARICULTURE ................................................................................................................. 42 4.1.5.1.1 POTENTIAL IMPACT OP-ME1: DISEASE AND PARASITES AFFECTING FINFISH ....................................... 42 4.1.5.1.2 POTENTIAL IMPACT OP-ME2: ORGANIC POLLUTION FROM FINFISH SEA CAGES .................................. 45 4.1.5.1.3 POTENTIAL IMPACT OP-ME3: GENETIC IMPACTS ON WILD STOCKS .................................................. 48 4.1.5.1.4 POTENTIAL IMPACT OP-ME4: CHEMICAL POLLUTION ARISING FROM FINFISH CAGES ........................... 50 4.1.5.1.5 POTENTIAL IMPACT OP-ME5: IMPACT ON MARINE MAMMALS, TURTLES AND BIRDS (ENTANGLEMENT AND HABITAT MODIFICATION)............................................................................................................................ 52 4.1.5.1.6 POTENTIAL IMPACT OP-ME6: INTERACTIONS WITH PISCIVOROUS MARINE ANIMALS ........................... 54 4.1.5.2 BIVALVE MARICULTURE ................................................................................................................ 55 4.1.5.2.1 POTENTIAL IMPACT OP-ME7: INTRODUCTION OF ALIEN BIVALVE SPECIES TO THE WILD ....................... 56 4.1.5.2.2 POTENTIAL IMPACT OP-ME8: INTRODUCTION OF ALIEN FOULING SPECIES TO
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