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CBSG ARIDLAND ANTELOPE WORKSHOP San Antonio, Texas, U.S.A. 13-15 September, 1989 Captive Breeding Specialist Group, Species Survival Commission, International Union for the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources Prepared by U. S. Seal, K. Sausrnan, and J. Mikolai 1 February 1990 CBSG ARIDLAND ANTELOPE WORKSHOP San Antonio, Texas, U.S.A. 13-15 September 1989 Contents Page Overviews Artiodactyla Overview: Sausman ....................................................................... 1 Population Biology Overview: Foose ............... ...... .... ............ .... ............ .... ...... ... 1 1 Antelope Specialist Group Overview: Estes .. .... .............. .... .... ............ ...... .. .... 4 1 Status of Desert Antelopes in Captivity: Sausman .......... ................. ........... 4 7 Antelope Action Plan Selections: R. East .......................................................... 53 Arabian Oryx Summary of Arabian Oryx Plan .... .... .. .... .. .. .. .. .... .. .... .. .... .... .. .. .. ... .. .... .. .... .. .. .. .. .. 8 5 Captive Population Information .................. ................ .................. ...... .. ........ .... 8 9 Genetic Status of Arabian Oryx Re-introduced into Oman: Mace. .. ..... 1 0 3 Arabian Oryx in Saudi Arabia: Asmode and Khoja .................................... 1 0 9 Scimitar-Horned Oryx Summary of Scimitar-Horned Oryx Plan ... .. ........... ...... ...... .. .......... ............. ... 1 2 9 Captive Population Information ......................................................................... 1 3 3 Scimitar-Horned Oryx Re-introduced to Tunisia: Mace ............................ 14 7 Add ax Summary of Addax Plan .. ... .. .. ..... .. ..... .. .............. ................ .... .. .... .. .. .. .. .. .... ...... .. 1 5 3 Historical Perspective and Status: Correll...................................................... 1 57 Addax in Niger: Newby and Magin ................................................................ 15 9 Genetic Analyses: Mace ............................................................. ........................... 1 7 1 Effects of Immigration & Inbreeding on Addax Populations: Mace .. 17 5 Captive Population Information ......................................................................... 1 8 3 Addax Management and Molecular Genetic Techniques: Patton .... .. 1 9 1 Gazelles Summary of Gazelle Plan ...... .......... .... .. .... ... .... .... .... ...... .. ...... .. .. ... ...... .. .... .. .. .. .. .. ... 1 9 7 Effect of Inbreeding and Body Size on Reproductive Success in Female Cuvier's, Dama and Dorcas Gazelles: Alados and Escos.. 199 Niger Reintroduction Overview of Reintroduction .................................................................................. 2 11 The Reintroduction of Addax into the Air and Tenere National Nature Reserve Republic of Niger: Dixon, Knowles, and Newby ... 213 Feasibility Study for the Establishment of a West African Regional Captive Breeding Centre: Dixon and Newby ...................... 2 2 1 Appendix I A Threat to Wildlife - The New World Screwworm in North Africa ..................................................................................................................... 237 Recommendations for Veterinary Investigations Prior to a Reintroduction Project by Michael Woodford ...................................... 2 3 9 Review of Current Molecular Genetic Projects on Aridland Antelopes: Spevak ........................... ............ ................ ........ .... ... ................. 2 4 1 Regional Antelope Stocking Policy for Australian & New Zealand Zoos ........................................................................................................................ 244 Appendix II Agenda .......................................................................................................................... 25 5 Minutes .......... .............. .. ........................ ... .. .. .......... ... ... ... .... .. .. .......... .. .. ........ .. .... ... .... .. 2 5 8 Pru-ticipa.tlts ................................................................. .,............................................... 2 7 4 Appendix III Bibliography: Estes.................................................................................................. 2 8 1 CBSG ARIDLAND ANTELOPE WORKSHOP San Antonio, Texas, U.S.A. 13-15 September, 1989 OVERVIEWS 1 February 1990 SURVEY OF ARTIODAC'IYLA IN CAPTIVITY Karen Sausman September 13, 1989 A survey of the order Artiodactyla in captivity was undertaken using data from the following sources: the International Species Information System (ISIS), data as of December 31, 1988; the International Zoo Yearbook (IZY), data for 1985/86; Australia and New Zealand (AZDANZ) data as of June 1989; Texas Department of Fish and Game Texas Ranch Survey data as of March, 1989; Antelope Specialist Group (ASG) surveys published in 1988 and 1989, and various other sources. The survey covered 527 forms (species and subspecies). The total captive population of artiodactyla is over 34,600 individuals ranging in size from dik-dik to giraffe and ranging in habitat from aquatic pygmy hippos to desert antelope. Table 1 provides a summary of the captive population by families. Of the 527 forms, 154 are listed in either the IUCN Red Data Book, or CITES, or the USDI endangered species list at some level, and 115 of those are in captivity. Table 2 provides reviews of the threatened/protected captive population and the total captive population based on the physical size of the species, and on those species requiring "mountain" habitat. It has been compiled for use in reviewing current and potential captive habitat for future breeding programs. The final portion of this report, Table 3, is a list of 126 species and/or subspecies which are listed in the Red Data Book as endangered, or are CITES 1, or are considered at risk by the Antelope Specialist Group of the IUCN. These include 2 hogs, 1 peccary, 2 muntjac, 31 deer, 13 wild cattle, 6 duikers, 44 antelope and gazelles, and 25 goats, goat-antelope or sheep. 2 Of the 126 forms on the list, only 13 have captive populations that are greater than 100: Ce!Vus duvauceli Ce!Vus eldi thamin Ce!Vus nippon taiquanus Bos guarus Kobus leche leche Oryx dammah Oryx leucoryx Addax nasomaculatus Gazella dama Gazella dama mhorr Gazella dama ruficollis Gazella leptoceros Hemitraqus jayakari Following the name of each species is its status in the wild and then its current captive population as reported by ISIS, IZY and, if existing, the international studbook. Also included are IZY population figures for 1976 which can be used as a quick, rough reference on whether the captive population is increasing, decreasing, etc. The information given on recorded births and captive populations by continent might also help provide a more complete picture of each species' captive status. Under the heading "Some Captive Locations" can be found the locations of some of the larger captive collections, the Texas ranch figures (TXRAN), and current AZDANZ populations (AZD). The last section of this report is a review of status in captivity of all forms of artiodactyla. Many individuals provided information for this survey, among them Nate Flesness, Tom Foose, Jim Dolan, Larry Killmar, Peter Olney, Bruce Read and Paul Garland. 3 TABLE 1 STATUS HI CAPTIVITY SUI'IIIARY QF ALL ARTIODACTYLS COI'If'!Oii NAI'IE TOTAl NO. HU. OF NO. OF ROB/PROT POP EST CAPT.POP EST. TOTAL SENUS. SPECIES FORI'IS RDB/PROT CAPTIVE ISISSS liON RllB/PRDT CAPT.POP IN FORMS RDB/PROi !!Y95 ISISSS ISISBB REPORT IN REPORT FORIIS SiBK IZYS6 !t=ESi> !ZYB5i6 \f=ESTl ALL PISS ~ PECCARIES 39 7 rsrs-H 313 ~0 IZY-76-f 1187i !263+ r: ALL HIPPOS " 2 2 rsiS-96 113 209 !ZY-191 120-f 311f 'r ALL CAI'IELS ~ LLAMAS 9 ·J ISIS-185 BS1 1066 !ZY-597t 1620f 221it AlL MUMTJACS 11 2 2 ISIS-2 3S7 359 iiUHTiACUS m-s 720-t 725-t ALL MUUSE DEER 5 0 ISIS-!) 67 67 IZY-Q 83 53 ALL MUSK DEER 3 2 rsrs-4 0 4 IZY-31 0 31 AU. DEER !M THE SEMUS CERVUS o9 26 16 ISIS-700 1067 1773 IZY-22~6 5681! Jf17it .... ALL OTHER DEER.~OSE ~ CARIBOU 51 15 !S!s-!35 b32 !Ol !Z'f-!65 1701f 1866! ALL GIRAFFES ~ OKAPI lt) i) i) ISIS-() r:~~.-VI 51)7 IZY-;) 441 '41 'r i~Ci t~t:: ALL PRONGHORN i) ISIS-0 hlv .;...,.., 6 " m-o 6B ~a ALL CATTLE 29 11? 11 ISIS-4-73 648 q?t..... !ZY-784f 15Vf 1734i ALL DU!KERS 24 12 9 ISIS-92 =~ 146 CE?HALOPHUS IZY-130f 53? 1!!3~ ALL ANTELOPES &GAZELLES 174 36 36 !SIS-1808 3021 5429 !ZY-3034 8658 11692 ALL SOAiS.SOAT-ANTELDFE ~ SHEEP 92 24 24 !SIS-710 1533 2243 IZY-4121 1907 b028 ALL ARi!OOACTfLS c;~~..,J.l 154 !15 rsrs-4z:e 9923 14196 I \ IH-t1430i 23199 !4619~ S4 5 ACTION PLAN FOR ARTIODACTYLA September 15, 1989 A survey of 527 taxa of artiodactyla shows a captive population of over 34,600 individuals ranging in size from dik-dik to giraffe and ranging in habitat from aquatic pygmy hippos to desert antelope. Of these 527 taxa, 154 are listed in the IUCN Red Data Book, CITES or the USDI endangered species list. One hundred and twenty-six of those are either Red Data Book Endangered or CITES 1 or have been identified by the IUCN Antelope Specialist Group as being at risk or in need of captive propagation. These include 2 hogs, 1 peccary, 2 muntjac, 31 deer, 13 wild cattle, 6 duikers, 44 antelopes and gazelles, and 25 goats, goat-antelope or sheep. Of the 126 taxa that are seriously threatened, about half ( 69) have some known captive population and 19 of these are part of a captive program (studbook, SSP, EEP, etc). Only 13 taxa have captive populations
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  • My Somali Book, a Record of Two Shooting Trips

    My Somali Book, a Record of Two Shooting Trips

    10 MY SOMALI BOOK to learn new things, and wonderfully bright and in- telligent. He is untiring on the march, often a reckless hunter, and will stand b}^ his master splendidly." And again, " I have made many jmigle trips in India and elsewhere, yet in no country have I had such obedient and cheerful followers and such pleasant native companions, despite their faults, as in Somali- land." This estimate is every bit as true as the other. The Somali of the interior is not, as a rule, dishonest, though he can be an exasperating liar on occasion. And he is usualty decent in his dress. Naturally indolent, he prefers to see the women do the work, but he has plenty of energy when he chooses to give it exercise, and in this respect is seen at his best on a shooting trip. And there is no doubt of his courage. A Mahomedan of the Shafai Sect, the Somali is sometimes very particular about his religious observances, but the Arab despises him as not a true Mahomedan at all. There is no occasion to detail the principal tribes, which are split up into innumerable sub-divisions. But mention must be made of the Midgdns, an outcast tribe of professional hunters. They hunt with bow and poisoned arrow, sometimes with dogs, and are wonderful trackers. As to the provision which the country makes for the hunter : the principal game to be met with in Northern Somaliland comprises Elephant, Black Rhinoceros, Lion, Leopard, Chita (hunting-leopard). MY SOMALI BOOK 11 Warthog, Ostrich, and twelve species of Antelope, to wit, Greater and Lesser Kudu, Or3^x (Beisa), Swa3aie's Hartebeest, Sommering's Gazelle (Somali-^Oi(/), Waller's Gazelle (Gerenuk), Clarke's Gazelle {Dibatag), Speke's and Pelzeln's Gazelles (both Dhero in Somali), Baira, Klipspringer {Alahlt) and Phillips' Dik-dik {Sdkdro).