DOCSLIB.ORG

“Why Am I Still Here?”

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
“Why Am I Still Here?” “Why Am I Still Here?” The 2007 Horn of Africa Renditions and the Fate of Those Still Missing Copyright © 2008 Human Rights Watch All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America ISBN: 1-56432-380-3 Cover design by Rafael Jimenez Human Rights Watch 350 Fifth Avenue, 34th floor New York, NY 10118-3299 USA Tel: +1 212 290 4700, Fax: +1 212 736 1300 [email protected] Poststraße 4-5 10178 Berlin, Germany Tel: +49 30 2593 06-10, Fax: +49 30 2593 0629 [email protected] Avenue des Gaulois, 7 1040 Brussels, Belgium Tel: + 32 (2) 732 2009, Fax: + 32 (2) 732 0471 [email protected] 64-66 Rue de Lausanne 1202 Geneva, Switzerland Tel: +41 22 738 0481, Fax: +41 22 738 1791 [email protected] 2-12 Pentonville Road, 2nd Floor London N1 9HF, UK Tel: +44 20 7713 1995, Fax: +44 20 7713 1800 [email protected] 27 Rue de Lisbonne 75008 Paris, France Tel: +33 (1)43 59 55 35, Fax: +33 (1) 43 59 55 22 [email protected] 1630 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., Suite 500 Washington, DC 20009 USA Tel: +1 202 612 4321, Fax: +1 202 612 4333 [email protected] Web Site Address: http://www.hrw.org October 2008 1-56432-380-3 “Why Am I Still Here?” The 2007 Horn of Africa Renditions and the Fate of Those Still Missing Map of Ethiopia, Kenya, and Somalia.................................................................................. 1 Summary ...........................................................................................................................2 Recommendations..............................................................................................................6 To the Ethiopian Government ......................................................................................... 6 To the Kenyan Government............................................................................................. 6 To the US Government.....................................................................................................7 To the Somali Government...............................................................................................7 To the Canadian Government...........................................................................................7 To Other Governments.....................................................................................................7 Methodology......................................................................................................................8 Arrest, Detention, Rendition, and Torture ...........................................................................9 Conflict in Somalia ......................................................................................................... 9 Arrests and Detentions in Kenya and Somalia................................................................10 Renditions to Somalia and Ethiopia...............................................................................12 US Intelligence in Addis Ababa......................................................................................13 US Aid to the Region...................................................................................................... 15 The Ethiopian Role.........................................................................................................16 The “Disappeared”........................................................................................................17 Case Studies ....................................................................................................................22 Ishmael Noor................................................................................................................ 22 Arrest and Detention in Kenya ................................................................................ 23 Rendition to Somalia and Ethiopia ......................................................................... 24 Interrogations and Torture in Ethiopia..................................................................... 24 Release and Return to Kenya .................................................................................. 26 Salim Awadh Salim........................................................................................................27 Addis Ababa........................................................................................................... 28 Ali Yusuf .......................................................................................................................29 Kamilya Mohamed Tuwein............................................................................................ 32 Suleiman Abdi...............................................................................................................34 Swaleh Ali Tunza .......................................................................................................... 36 Abdullah Hamid ............................................................................................................37 International Legal Standards .......................................................................................... 40 Acknowledgements.......................................................................................................... 43 Appendix A. Letter to the Ethiopian Government, August 21, 2008.................................... 44 Appendix B. Letter to the Kenyan Government, August 29, 2008....................................... 47 Appendix C. Letter to the Kenyan Government, March 22, 2007 ........................................ 49 Map of Ethiopia, Kenya, and Somalia © 2008 John Emerson 1 Human Rights Watch October 2008 Summary Ishmael Noor, a 37-year-old shepherd from the Ogaden region in Ethiopia, looked up with tears in his eyes. He said that in 2004, Ethiopian forces—who had already killed his mother, father, brothers, and sisters—murdered his wife days after they were married. They then slaughtered his goats, beat him unconscious, and slashed his shoulder to the bone. In December 2006, Noor crossed through Somalia into Kenya, heading for the nearest refugee camp in search of medical care. But when he did not have enough money to pay a 1,000 shilling ($15) bribe, the Kenyan police bundled him into a car and took him to Nairobi. A few weeks later, he was herded onto an airplane with some 30 others, flown to Somalia, and handed over to Ethiopian military officers— the same forces that he had previously fled. Several days after that, Noor was flown to Ethiopia. Noor’s story fits a larger pattern. In early 2007, at least 90 people were rendered from Kenya to Somalia, and then on to Ethiopia. Many were held incommunicado and without charge for months, and some were held for more than a year. A few— including a Canadian and nine who assert Kenyan nationality—remain in detention even now. The whereabouts of others—including several Somalis, Ethiopian Ogadenis, and Eritreans—are unknown. These renditions and detentions followed a US-backed Ethiopian military intervention in Somalia. In late 2006, the Ethiopian military, in support of Somalia’s Transitional Federal Government, ousted Islamist authorities from the Somali capital Mogadishu. The fighting caused thousands of Somalis to flee across the border into Kenya, including some who were suspected of terrorist links. Kenyan authorities arrested at least 150 men, women, and children from more than 18 countries―including the United States, the United Kingdom, and Canada―in operations carried out near the Somali border. Suspecting the detainees of having links to terrorism, the Kenyans held them for weeks without charge in Nairobi. Over “Why Am I Still Here?” 2 the course of three weeks from January 20 to February 10, 2007, the Kenyan government rendered dozens of these individuals―with no notice to families, lawyers or the detainees themselves―on flights to Somalia, where they were handed over to the Ethiopian military. Ethiopian forces also arrested an unknown number of people in Somalia. Those rendered were then transported to detention centers in the Ethiopian capital Addis Ababa and other parts of Ethiopia, where they effectively disappeared. Denied access to their embassies, their families, and international humanitarian organizations such as the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC), the detainees were even denied phone calls home. Several detainees have said that they were housed in solitary cells—some as small as two-by-two meters—with their hands cuffed in painful positions behind their backs and their feet bound together any time they were in their cells. In Addis Ababa, a number of prisoners were questioned by US intelligence agents. From February to May 2007, Ethiopian security officers daily transported detainees— including several pregnant women—to a villa where US officials interrogated them about suspected terrorist links. At night the Ethiopian officers returned the detainees to their cells. After US officials would end their interrogation of a detainee, the Ethiopian government usually sent them home. Of those known to have been interrogated by the US government, just eight Kenyans remain in Ethiopia. (A ninth Kenyan in Addis Ababa was rendered to Ethiopia in July 2007 after American interrogations reportedly stopped.) These men, who have not been subjected to interrogation since May 2007, would likely have been repatriated long ago but for the Kenyan government’s longstanding refusal to acknowledge their claims to Kenyan citizenship or to take steps to secure their release. In August 2008, Kenyan authorities visited these men for the first time, some
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Use and Abuse of Anti-Terrorism Law, the Case of Ethiopia
    European Scientific Journal May 2017 edition Vol.13, No.13 ISSN: 1857 – 7881 (Print) e - ISSN 1857- 7431 The Terrorism of ‘Counterterrorism’: The Use and Abuse of Anti-Terrorism Law, the Case of Ethiopia Zelalem Kibret, (LL.B, LL.M) Scholar-in-Residence at the Center for Human Rights and Global Justice, New York University, School of Law doi: 10.19044/esj.2017.v13n13p504 URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2017.v13n13p504 Abstract Since its enactment on July 2009, Ethiopia’s anti-terrorism proclamation is at the very center of almost every political discourse in the nation. Many dissidents fall into its trap and by day its effect is becoming more far-reaching and resonating. The widely written provisions of the law make it susceptible to misapplication and prone to abuse. Whilst the state is staunchly firing back to the detractors of the law and its mis(application) alike, however, simultaneously it doubled down utilizing it, by every new day. This paper, after examining one hundred twenty three terrorism charges pressed against nearly one thousand individuals―in a sixty-six months period of time―concludes that: Ethiopia’s anti-terrorism law is a colossal failure for counterterrorism, which only exemplifies how not to counter terrorism. Keywords: Anti-terrorism law, Counterterrorism, Dissidents, Ethiopia, Terrorism, War on terror Introduction ‘Terrorism’ and ‘the global war on terror’, alias Overseas Contingency Operations—defined and crafted the zeitgeist of the first two decades of the 21st century. Terrorism is becoming a must-have ingredient of foreign policy, criminal justice administrations, and daily news stories— around the globe.
    [Show full text]
  • Free-Makhtal Working Coalition Town Hall Meeting Contact Information
    Free-Makhtal Working coalition Town Hall Meeting FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE: Contact information Said Maktal [email protected] Edmonton, AB (May 10, 2009) Free Makhtal-Working Coalition, a coalition of citizens, Human right, Civic Organization and residents of Canada, holding a town hall meeting to raise awareness about the plight of Bashir Makhtal, a Canadian Citizen who has been held in an Ethiopian prison for almost three years. Under the guise of the war on terror, Mr. Bashir Makhtal of Toronto, was illegally detained by the Kenyan Government in 2006 and without any court proceeding, was transferred to a military prison in Ethiopia. Much of that time, Mr. Makhtal has not had access to legal representation nor have the charges against him ever been placed in front of a judge until early 2009. Canadian citizens and government must come to the aid of their fellow Canadian. As Honourable Minister John Baird has noted, "the government of Prime Minister Stephen Harper has been very involved in Bashir's case. Three consecutive Foreign Ministers, Peter Mackay, David Emerson, and Lawrence Cannon, have pressured Ethiopian officials on this matter", however unfortunately, Bashir is still behind bars, and the Ethiopian governments process is dragging on It is evident that the Canadian government needs to exert more pressure and find new avenues to help bring Bashir home. This type of extraordinary renditions where any country can imprison anyone at anytime with out any legal protection is against the laws and conventions of the international community. During his imprisonment in Ethiopia, Mr. Makthal has informed us that he was repeatedly subjected to torture and cruel treatment from Ethiopian security personnel.
    [Show full text]
  • Human Rights Watch on Ethiopia
    January 2010 country summary Ethiopia Ethiopia is on a deteriorating human rights trajectory as parliamentary elections approach in 2010. These will be the first national elections since 2005, when post-election protests resulted in the deaths of at least 200 protesters, many of them victims of excessive use of force by the police. Broad patterns of government repression have prevented the emergence of organized opposition in most of the country. In December 2008 the government re- imprisoned opposition leader Birtukan Midekssa for life after she made remarks that allegedly violated the terms of an earlier pardon. In 2009 the government passed two pieces of legislation that codify some of the worst aspects of the slide towards deeper repression and political intolerance. A civil society law passed in January is one of the most restrictive of its kind, and its provisions will make most independent human rights work impossible. A new counterterrorism law passed in July permits the government and security forces to prosecute political protesters and non-violent expressions of dissent as acts of terrorism. Political Repression and the 2010 Elections As Ethiopia heads toward nationwide elections, the government continues to clamp down on the already limited space for dissent or independent political activity. Ordinary citizens who criticize government policies or officials frequently face arrest on trumped-up accusations of belonging to illegal “anti-peace” groups, including armed opposition movements. Officials sometimes bring criminal cases in a manner that appears to selectively target government critics, as when in June 2009 prominent human rights activist Abebe Worke was charged with illegal importation of radio equipment and ultimately fled the country.
    [Show full text]
  • Core 1..192 Hansard (PRISM::Advent3b2 10.50)
    CANADA House of Commons Debates VOLUME 144 Ï NUMBER 020 Ï 2nd SESSION Ï 40th PARLIAMENT OFFICIAL REPORT (HANSARD) Friday, February 27, 2009 Speaker: The Honourable Peter Milliken CONTENTS (Table of Contents appears at back of this issue.) Also available on the Parliament of Canada Web Site at the following address: http://www.parl.gc.ca 1077 HOUSE OF COMMONS Friday, February 27, 2009 The House met at 10:05 a.m. That Bill C-10 be amended by deleting Clause 297. Motion No. 5 That Bill C-10 be amended by deleting Clause 298. Motion No. 6 Prayers That Bill C-10 be amended by deleting Clause 299. Mr. Thomas Mulcair (Outremont, NDP) moved: Motion No. 66 GOVERNMENT ORDERS That Bill C-10 be amended by deleting Clause 445. Motion No. 67 BUDGET IMPLEMENTATION ACT, 2009 That Bill C-10 be amended by deleting Clause 446. The House proceeded to the consideration of Bill C-10, An Act to Motion No. 68 implement certain provisions of the budget tabled in Parliament on That Bill C-10 be amended by deleting Clause 447. January 27, 2009 and related fiscal measures, as reported (without Motion No. 69 amendment) from the committee. That Bill C-10 be amended by deleting Clause 448. Ï (1005) Motion No. 70 [English] That Bill C-10 be amended by deleting Clause 449. Motion No. 71 SPEAKER'S RULING That Bill C-10 be amended by deleting Clause 450. The Speaker: There are 86 motions in amendment standing on Motion No. 72 the notice paper for the report stage of Bill C-10.
    [Show full text]
  • Exhibits Attached to Arguments on Admissibility, Declaration of Mohammed Abdullah Saleh Al-Asad, and Declaration of Zahra Ahmed Mohamed
    BEFORE THE AFRICAN COMMISSION FOR HUMAN & PEOPLES’ RIGHTS 49th ORDINARY SESSION: APRIL-MAY 2011 COMMUNICATION NO. 383/2010 In the matter between: MOHAMMED ABDULLAH SALEH AL-ASAD and DJIBOUTI EXHIBITS ATTACHED TO ARGUMENTS ON ADMISSIBILITY, DECLARATION OF MOHAMMED ABDULLAH SALEH AL-ASAD, AND DECLARATION OF ZAHRA AHMED MOHAMED EXHIBITS The United Republic of Tanzania Departure Declaration Card, 27 December 2003…….A Center for Human Rights and Global Justice, On the Record: U.S. Disclosures on Rendition, Secret Detention, and Coercive Interrogation (New York: NYU School of Law, 2008)………………………………………………………………………………..B Letter to the Attorney General of Djibouti, 31 March 2009…….….…..…….…….….…C United Nations Human Rights Council, 13th Session, Joint Study on Global Practices in Relation to Secret Detention in the Context of Countering Terrorism, U.N. Doc. A/HRC/13/42 (19 February 2010)………………………………………………………. D Republic v. Director of Immigration Services, ex parte Mohammed al-Asad (Habeas Corpus petition), High Court of Tanzania, 17 June 2004………………………………...E Amnesty International, United States of America: Below the radar- Secret flights to torture and ‘disappearance,’ 5 April 2006……………………………………………….F Prepared Remarks of Treasury Secretary John Snow to Announce Joint U.S. and Saudi Action Against Four Branches of Al-Haramain in the Financial War on Terror, JS-1107, 22 January 2004…………………………………………………………………………..G Henry Lyimo, Guardian (Dar es Salaam), Yemenis, Italians Expelled, 30 December 2003…………………………………………………………………………………...….H Roderick Ndomba, Daily News (Dar es Salaam), Dar Deports 2,367 Aliens, 30 December 2003……...……………………………..………………………………………………….I International Committee of the Red Cross, ICRC Report on the Treatment of Fourteen “High Value Detainees” in CIA Custody, 2007…………………………..……….……...J International Seismological Centre Earthquake Data…………………………………….K U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • We Won't Bail out The
    www.socialist.ca $2 no. 535 October 2011 THEIR CRISIS OUR RESISTANCE WE WON’T BAIL OUT THE 1 % 10 YEARS OF THE ‘WAR ON TERROR’ Pages 6 & 7 Occupy everything Page 12 Peter Hogarth on the Occupy Wall Street movement and its spread around the globe The Royal Commission on Aboriginal Peoples Page 10 Valerie Lannon on the 15-year anniversary Profits and Pollution Page 4 John Bell on BP’s dirty plans for the Gulf by PAM FRACHE The Greek and European banks, budget deficit is coming in at 8.5 minimum wage and further water Yemenis fight for fearful that Greece may not be able per cent (instead of the targeted down labour law. AFTER THREE years of global to repay its debt, negotiated a sec- 7.6 per cent), and that its debt is Part of the reason that Greece democracy economic crisis there is no end ond €109-billion bailout package expected to grow to more than 172 has been unable to make its debt in sight, and the crisis in the in July and private creditors agreed per cent of GDP. reduction target is the magnificent Page 3 Eurozone threatens to trigger to a notional debt write-off of 21 Markets went into a tailspin. resistance of Greek workers. Since Yusur Al-Bahrani another recession. The only per cent. According to Geoffrey T. The EU postponed the release of October 2009, there have been 17 on repression and response by governments across Smith of the Wall Street Journal, the €8 billion-installment from general strikes and countless other resistance in Yemen the political spectrum—from “The deal involved asking private early October to mid-October smaller strikes, demonstrations military rule in Egypt, to the creditors for partial debt forgive- and then again to mid-November.
    [Show full text]
  • Amnesty International Publications
    CANADA SUBMISSION TO THE UNITED NATIONS HUMAN RIGHTS COMMITTEE 112TH SESSION OF THE HUMAN RIGHTS COMMITTEE (7 - 31 OCTOBER 2014) Amnesty International Publications First published in 2014 by Amnesty International Publications International Secretariat Peter Benenson House 1 Easton Street London WC1X 0DW United Kingdom www.amnesty.org © Amnesty International Publications June 2014 Index: AMR 20/001/2014 Original Language: English Printed by Amnesty International, International Secretariat, United Kingdom All rights reserved. This publication is copyright, but may be reproduced by any method without fee for advocacy, campaigning and teaching purposes, but not for resale. The copyright holders request that all such use be registered with them for impact assessment purposes. For copying in any other circumstances, or for reuse in other publications, or for translation or adaptation, prior written permission must be obtained from the publishers, and a fee may be payable. To request permission, or for any other inquiries, please contact [email protected] Amnesty International is a global movement of more than 3 million supporters, members and activists in more than 150 countries and territories who campaign to end grave abuses of human rights. Our vision is for every person to enjoy all the rights enshrined in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and other international human rights standards. We are independent of any government, political ideology, economic interest or religion and are funded mainly by our membership and public donations.
    [Show full text]
  • Citizenship Revocation in the Mainstream Press: a Case of Re-Ethni- Cization?
    CITIZENSHIP REVOCATION IN THE MAINSTREAM PRESS: A CASE OF RE-ETHNI- CIZATION? ELKE WINTER IVANA PREVISIC Abstract. Under the original version of the Strengthening Canadian Citizenship Act (2014), dual citizens having committed high treason, terrorism or espionage could lose their Canadian citizenship. In this paper, we examine how the measure was dis- cussed in Canada’s mainstream newspapers. We ask: who/what is seen as the target of citizenship revocation? What does this tell us about the direction that Canadian citizenship is moving towards? Our findings show that Canadian newspapers were more often critical than supportive of the citizenship revocation provision. However, the press ignored the involvement of non-Muslim, white, Western-origin Canadians in terrorist acts and interpreted the measure as one that was mostly affecting Canadian Muslims. Thus, despite advocating for equal citizenship in principle, in their writing and reporting practice, Canadian newspapers constructed Canadian Muslims as sus- picious and less Canadian nonetheless. Keywords: Muslim Canadians; Citizenship; Terrorism; Canada; Revocation Résumé: Au sein de la version originale de la Loi renforçant la citoyenneté cana- dienne (2014), les citoyens canadiens ayant une double citoyenneté et ayant été condamnés pour haute trahison, pour terrorisme ou pour espionnage, auraient pu se faire révoquer leur citoyenneté canadienne. Dans cet article, nous étudions comment ce projet de loi fut discuté au sein de la presse canadienne. Nous cherchons à répondre à deux questions: Qui/quoi est perçu comme pouvant faire l’objet d’une révocation de citoyenneté? En quoi cela nous informe-t-il sur les orientations futures de la citoy- enneté canadienne? Nos résultats démontrent que les journaux canadiens sont plus critiques à l’égard de la révocation de la citoyenneté que positionnés en sa faveur.
    [Show full text]
  • Core 1..140 Hansard (PRISM::Advent3b2 10.50)
    CANADA House of Commons Debates VOLUME 142 Ï NUMBER 116 Ï 2nd SESSION Ï 39th PARLIAMENT OFFICIAL REPORT (HANSARD) Thursday, June 19, 2008 Speaker: The Honourable Peter Milliken CONTENTS (Table of Contents appears at back of this issue.) Also available on the Parliament of Canada Web Site at the following address: http://www.parl.gc.ca 7141 HOUSE OF COMMONS Thursday, June 19, 2008 The House met at 10 a.m. In this report, for reasons of safety, the association has not been forthcoming with the details of the names of the individuals and groups we met. Anyone who reads the report will see that it is not like our usual report. Because of the situation in Zimbabwe currently, Prayers we did not want to further endanger individuals or groups who are involved in the presidential runoff elections that will be held at the end of this month. ROUTINE PROCEEDINGS *** Ï (1000) Ï (1005) [English] EXCISE TAX ACT WITNESS PROTECTION PROGRAM ACT Ms. Joyce Murray (Vancouver Quadra, Lib.) moved for leave to introduce Bill C-572, An Act to amend the Excise Tax Act (no Hon. Stockwell Day (Minister of Public Safety, CPC): Mr. GST on bicycles, adult tricycles and related goods and services). Speaker, I have the honour to table, in both official languages, the 2006-07 Witness Protection Program Act Annual Report that is She said: Mr. Speaker, I rise today to introduce my first bill as a prepared by the Royal Canadian Mounted Police. It is being tabled in member of Parliament, entitled An Act to amend the Excise Tax Act accordance with section 16 of the Witness Protection Program Act.
    [Show full text]
  • By Hand and by Email
    August 3, 2009 BY HAND AND BY EMAIL Hon. Prime Minister S. Harper Office of the Prime Minister 80 Wellington Street Ottawa K1A 0A2 Dear Prime Minister Stephen Harper: I am contacting you to urge your government to take swift and urgent action regarding the recent sentencing of Bashir Ahmed Makhtal, a Canadian citizen, to life imprisonment by the Ethiopian government. My name is Obang Metho. I am the Executive Director of the Solidarity Movement for a New Ethiopia (SMNE) a grassroots, non-violent and non-political social justice movement of diverse Ethiopians, many of whom are also citizens of Canada, who are seeking justice, the protection of life and liberty, reconciliation and peace in Ethiopia as well as in the Horn of Africa because “no one is free until all are free!” I have been working with the Ogaden Human Rights Committee as well as with other human rights groups throughout Ethiopia and am well acquainted with the issues. It is outrageous that Mr. Makhtal has just received three charges related to membership in the Ogaden National Liberation Front (ONLF) despite the lack of credible witnesses, as noted by human rights organizations following the trial. Mr. Makhtal’s main offense was “guilt by relationship,” a common offense in a country under authoritarian rule where there are thousands of political prisoners and where a perverted system of justice prevails—giving pervasive impunity to real perpetrators and harsh punishments to the innocent. It matters not a whit to this regime if the person they use is innocent if it suits their purposes.
    [Show full text]
  • Amnesty International Report 2010 the State of the World’S Human Rights
    AMNesty INterNAtIoNAl rePort 2010 the stAte of the world’s huMAN rIghts coMPlete rePort This document was downloaded from thereport.amnesty.org/en/download Please visit thereport.amnesty.org for the complete website and other downloads. Support Amnesty International’s work, buy your copy of the Report or other publications at shop.amnesty.org Amnesty International Report 2010 Amnesty International Report © Amnesty International 2010 Index: POL 10/001/2010 ISBN: 978-0-86210-455-9 ISSN: 0309-068X This report covers the period January to December 2009.10 AMNESTY INTERNATIONAL REPORT 2010 RIGHTS HUMAN WORLD’S THE OF STATE THE 2010 REPORT INTERNATIONAL AMNESTY THE STATE OF THE WORLD’S HUMAN RIGHTS In a troubled and divided world, Amnesty International reveals truth, bears witness and campaigns for change. For every human rights abuse Amnesty International exposes, it demands accountability. In 2009 this led our members and supporters to push for robust international and national laws and to insist that these laws must be used to bring about real justice. The Amnesty International Report 2010 documents the state of human rights in 159 countries in 2009. It details a year in which accountability seemed a remote ideal for many, AMNESTY INTERNATIONAL REPORT 2010 as people’s lives continued to be torn apart by repression, violence, discrimination, power plays and political THE STATE OF THE WORLD’S HUMAN RIGHTS stalemates. But the report also celebrates real progress. It reveals how it is harder now for perpetrators of the worst crimes to secure impunity. It argues that the demand for accountability is not confined to redress for killings or torture, but extends to the denial of all the rights that we need to live our lives in dignity.
    [Show full text]
  • Algemeen Ambtsbericht Ethiopië 2018
    Algemeen Ambtsbericht Ethiopië 2018 Datum juli 2018 Algemeen Ambtsbericht Ethiopië 2018 | Colofon Plaats Den Haag Opgesteld door Directie Sub-Sahara-Afrika Cluster Ambtsberichten Algemeen Ambtsbericht Ethiopië 2018 | Inhoudsopgave Inleiding .........................................................................................................5 1 Politieke ontwikkelingen ............................................................................. 6 1.1 Politieke ontwikkelingen ...................................................................................6 1.2 De Ethiopische oppositie ................................................................................. 11 1.2.1 Legale oppositiepartijen ................................................................................. 11 1.2.2 Illegale gewapende oppositiepartijen ............................................................... 13 1.3 Anti-regeringsprotesten vanaf het najaar van 2015 en uitroepen noodtoestand ..... 17 1.4 Verhouding met buurlanden ............................................................................ 22 1.4.1 Eritrea.......................................................................................................... 22 1.4.2 Somalië ........................................................................................................ 24 1.4.3 Soedan en Zuid-Soedan ................................................................................. 24 1.4.4 Soedan en Egypte: Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam ......................................
    [Show full text]