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Relación Comercial Entre Honduras Y Panamá

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Relación Comercial Entre Honduras Y Panamá Relación Comercial entre Honduras y Panamá A) Evolución del Comercio entre Honduras y Panamá Durante los últimos 10 años la balanza comercial de Panamá con Honduras ha sido favorable. Para el año 2004, el saldo de la balanza comercial con este país fue de +USD 6.4 millones correspondiente a USD 9.0 millones importados contra USD 15.4 de exportaciones dirigidas a ese mercado. Analizando los últimos 10 años, la tasa de crecimiento de nuestras exportaciones es de +0.8% con un promedio de USD 19.9 millones durante este lapso de tiempo, sin embargo, para los últimos 5 años, el monto exportado por Panamá ha ido plenamente en descenso pasando de USD 22.3 millones en el año 2000 a USD 15.4 en el 2004, es decir, para el 2004 se exportaba casi dos terceras partes de lo que se hacia en el 2000 con la excepción del 2000 año en que se registran exportaciones por un monto de USD 33.6 millones. Año Exportaciones Importaciones Saldo Volumen Total de Relación Comercio Importación / Exportación 1995 12,121,854 8,990,513 3,131,341 21,112,367 USD 0.74 1996 9,922,141 6,474,517 3,447,624 16,396,658 USD 0.65 1997 27,184,113 8,662,387 18,521,726 35,846,500 USD 0.32 1998 22,232,572 12,317,681 9,914,891 34,550,253 USD 0.55 1999 23,008,033 13,209,766 9,798,267 36,217,799 USD 0.57 2000 22,343,677 9,724,084 12,619,593 32,067,761 USD 0.44 2001 20,075,477 8,481,507 11,593,970 28,556,984 USD 0.42 2002 33,560,233 8,164,832 25,395,401 41,725,065 USD 0.24 2003 13,361,632 8,184,197 5,177,435 21,545,829 USD 0.61 2004 15,403,295 8,987,915 6,415,380 24,391,210 USD 0.58 (a) Datos de la Contraloría. Para el 2004, por cada dólar exportado por Panamá se adquirió USD 0.58 en mercancías provenientes de Honduras. A lo largo de los últimos 10 años esta relación con Honduras no se mantiene uniforme, sin embargo, se presenta favorable a Panamá con una relación superior desde el año de 1996 cuando fue de USD 0.65. Evolución de Balanza Comercial ‐ Honduras y Panamá Serie Anual de 1995 a 2004 50,000,000 D) 40,000,000 s US re ( 30,000,000 la os Dó an 20,000,000 n ic E 10,000,000 er Am 0 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 Años Exportaciones Importaciones Saldo Comercio Doble Via B) Honduras como Socio Comercial de Panamá Honduras representa uno de los principales socios comerciales de Panamá a nivel mundial y a nivel del bloque Centroamericano. De acuerdo a las cifras de la Contraloría General de la República, las exportaciones panameñas a Honduras por un monto de USD 15.4 millones representaron en el 2004 un 1.7% del total de las exportaciones Panameñas dirigidas a todos los países del mundo, mientras que como proveedor, las importaciones provenientes de este país por USD 9.0 millones corresponden al 0.3% del total importado por Panamá en ese mismo año. A nivel mundial, Honduras se ubica en la posición número 10, como uno de los principales socios comerciales con que cuenta Panamá actualmente ubicándose solo detrás de países como los Estados Unidos, Suecia, Bélgica y Holanda como destino de las exportaciones de Panamá. Importaciones País Importancia (a) Exportaciones a desde estos Saldo Comercial Comercio en estos Mercados Mercados Doble Vía Costa Rica 1 36,837,189 178,132,749 ­141,295,560 214,969,938 Nicaragua 2 18,220,370 3,775,482 14,464,888 21,975,852 Honduras 3 15,403,295 8,987,915 6,415,380 24,391,210 Guatemala 4 11,614,451 74,113,767 ‐62,499,316 85,728,218 El Salvador 5 10,591,924 51,400,076 ‐40,808,152 61,992,000 Total................... 92,667,229 316,409,989 ‐223,742,760 409,057,218 A nivel Centroamericano, Honduras es el tercer mercado de las exportaciones Panameñas y cuarto proveedor de mercancías y productos a nuestro país. El 17% de todo lo que Panamá exporta a Centroamérica y el 3% de todo lo que Panamá adquiere de esta área se dirige y proviene de Honduras. Para el 2004, el comercio en doble vía con este país fue de USD 24.4 millones lo que representa el 6.0% de todo el comercio con el bloque Centroamericano. Aunque no es nuestro principal mercado, es importante resaltar que Honduras representa uno de los pocos países a nivel mundial con los que Panamá tiene una balanza comercial con superávit. C) Principales Productos Exportados En el año 2004, Panamá exportó a Honduras un total de 86 fracciones arancelarias correspondiente a 60 productos. Sin embargo, solo 5 de estas (ó 7.0% del total de fracciones) concentran el 73.0% del monto total exportado. Los 10 principales de productos que representaron para Panamá USD 13.0 millones se detallan a continuación: Monto Total Participación Participación Relativa Posición dentro de Producto Exportado durante dentro del de las Exportaciones a las Exportaciones el año 2004 Producto dentro Honduras en relación al 2004 (en USD) del Monto Total total exportado al Exportado (%) Mundo (%) 1 MEDICAMENTOS 3,425,057 22.2% 26.1% 2 ANIMALES VIVOS DE LA 2,964,440 19.2% ESPECIE BOVINA 22.4% 3 BOMBONAS (DAMAJUANAS), 1,843,991 12.0% 137.0% BOTELLAS, FRASCOS, BOCALES, ENVASADO, DE VIDRIO; 4 CRUSTÁCEOS, INCLUSO 1,618,150 10.5% 25.1% PELADOS, VIVOS, FRESCOS, REFRIGERADOS, CONGELADOS, SECOS, SALADOS O EN SALMUERA; 5 PAPEL PRENSA EN BOBINAS 1,012,975 6.6% 30.7% (ROLLOS) O EN HOJAS 6 HARINA, POLVO Y "PELLETS", 820,781 5.3% 13.2% DE CARNE, DESPOJOS, PESCADO O DE CRUSTÁCEOS, MOLUSCOS CHICHARRONES. 7 LAS DEMÁS PREPARACIONES 568,034 3.7% 18.9% Y CONSERVAS DE CARNE, DESPOJOS O SANGRE. 8 POLÍMEROS ACRÍLICOS EN 291,831 1.9% 100.0% FORMAS PRIMARIAS. 9 ARTÍCULOS DE CONFITERÍA 274,572 1.8% 26.6% SIN CACAO (INCLUIDO EL CHOCOLATE BLANCO) 10 PLACAS, HOJAS, TIRAS, 205,753 1.3% 58.5% VARILLAS Y PERFILES, DE CAUCHO VULCANIZADO SIN ENDURECER. TOTAL y PROMEDIO………………. 13,025,584 84.5% 45.9% Considerando lo que representa Honduras para ciertos productos, se puede analizar, sin embargo, que es un importante mercado según se detalla en el cuadro superior representando en promedio más del 20% de las ventas a nivel mundial de estos productos como es el caso de los cinco principales productos; medicamentos, animales vivos, envases de vidrio, crustáceos y papel de prensa para los que el mercado de Honduras representativo. Si se toma en cuenta en las Provincias de Chiriquí, Coclé, Herrera, Los Santos y Panamá tienen una gran cantidad de personas que dependen de la actividad de pesca, cría de animales vivos y elaboración industrial de papel se puede evaluar el efecto económico multiplicador que generan dichas exportaciones. COMPORTAMIENTO DEL COMERCIO DEL COMERCIO DE SERVICIOS Y EL ESTABLECIMIENTO DE INVERSIONES PANAMÁ ­ CENTROAMÉRICA A) SERVICIOS: Las exportaciones de servicios han mostrado mucho dinamismo desde 1990. Han crecido en su conjunto a un rito del 6.4% anual. Los principales servicios de exportación son el Canal de Panamá, la Zona Libre de Colón, el turismo, los puertos, el centro bancario internacional, actividades marítimas conexas y el centro aéreo. Sin duda, la ventaja comparativa de la ubicación geográfica desarrollada con el sistema de transporte del Canal ha hecho a Panamá competitivo para el transporte, el trasbordo entrepot, el comercio y actividades complementarias. Unido a esto destaca el sistema monetario dolarizado y abierto y un sistema fiscal definido como territorial, y otras leyes especiales de incentivos a algunos servicios de exportación, que han extendido su competitividad a otras actividades como las bancarias y financieras, marítimas, legales y de servicios, que complementan aquellas logradas con el transporte. Los principales destinos de nuestras exportaciones de servicios son, Estados Unidos, Centroamérica, Colombia, Unión Europea, México, Ecuador y Venezuela. Panamá cuenta con pocos instrumentos jurídicos internacionales con los principales países de destino de sus exportaciones, que garanticen acceso y trato no discriminatorio. En este aspecto, la única excepción es el TLC con El Salvador, el cual garantiza un acceso no discriminatorio a nuestras exportaciones, en los demás casos, debemos señalar que, como términos generales, el CAFTA y el NAFTA han erosionado o tienen el potencial para hacerlo, el acceso de los exportadores de servicios panameños en beneficio de nuestros principales competidores (Estados Unidos, Coste Rica y México). Lo antes expuesto, realza la necesidad de completar las negociaciones de los Protocolos Bilaterales con los países centroamericanos, al igual que el TLC con los Estados Unidos, si tomamos en cuenta que después de los Estados Unidos, el segundo destino en importancia de nuestras exportaciones de servicios es la región Centroamericana, a donde se dirigen alrededor del 12% de nuestras exportaciones en los diferentes sectores que componen la prestación de servicios. A continuación presentaremos, las principales exportaciones de Servicios realizadas por Panamá a Centroamérica y el balance del sector con nuestros competidores centroamericanos, para esto hemos tomado como fuente la "Consultoría para el desarrollo de Metodologías para la clasificación y medición de beneficios del Sector Servicios en una integración comercial", realizada por Arden & Price en agosto del 2005: 1. Transporte: El único país que tiene una balanza positiva en transportes es Panamá, alcanzando el liderazgo natural en esta materia, seguido de muy lejos por Costa Rica y El Salvador.
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