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Metric Conversion in the Construction Industries

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Metric Conversion in the Construction Industries NBS Refc?r©nC© Publi- cations A111LU I1C — NATL INST OF STANDARDS & TECH R.I.C. A11 101 786780 Milton, Hans J/Metric conversion In the QC100 .U57 V598;1980 C.2 NBS-PUB-R 1980 NBS SPECIAL PUBLICATION 598 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE / National Bureau of Standards METRIC CONVERSION IN THE CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRIES — TECHNICAL ISSUES AND STATUS NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS The National Bureau of Standards' was established by an act of Congress on March 3, 1901. The Bureau's overall goal is to strengthen and advance the Nation's science and technology and facilitate their effective application for public benefit. To this end, the Bureau conducts research and provides: (1) a basis for the Nation's physical measurement system, (2) scientific and technological services for industry and government, (3) a technical basis for equity in trade, and (4) technical services to promote public safety. The Bureau's technical work is per- formed by the National Measurement Laboratory, the National Engineering Laboratory, and the Institute for Computer Sciences and Technology. THE NATIONAL MEASUREMENT LABORATORY provides the national system of physical and chemical and materials measurement; coordinates the system with measurement systems of other nations and furnishes essential services leading to accurate and uniform physical and chemical measurement throughout the Nation's scientific community, industry, and commerce; conducts materials research leading to improved methods of measurement, standards, and data on the properties of materials needed by industry, commerce, educational institutions, and Government; provides advisory and research services to other Government agencies; develops, produces, and distributes Standard Reference Materials; and provides calibration services. The Laboratory consists of the following centers: Absolute Physical Quantities 2 — Radiation Research — Thermodynamics and Molecular Science — Analytical Chemistry — Materials Science. THE NATIONAL ENGINEERING LABORATORY provides technology and technical ser- vices to the public and private sectors to address national needs and to solve national problems; conducts research in engineering and applied science in support of these efforts; builds and maintains competence in the necessary disciplines required to carry out this research and technical service; develops engineering data and measurement capabilities; provides engineering measurement traceability services; develops test methods and proposes engineering standards and code changes; develops and proposes new engineering practices; and develops and improves mechanisms to transfer results of its research to the ultimate user. The Laboratory consists of the following centers: Applied Mathematics — Electronics and Electrical Engineering- — Mechanical Engineering and Process Technology 2 — Building Technology — Fire Research — Consumer Product Technology — Field Methods. THE INSTITUTE FOR COMPUTER SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOGY conducts research and provides scientific and technical services to aid Federal agencies in the selection, acquisition, application, and use of computer technology to improve effectiveness and economy in Government operations in accordance with Public Law 89-306 (40 U.S.C. 759), relevant Executive Orders, and other directives; carries out this mission by managing the Federal Information Processing Standards Program, developing Federal ADP standards guidelines, and managing Federal participation in ADP voluntary standardization activities; provides scientific and technological advisory services and assistance to Federal agencies; and provides the technical foundation for computer-related policies of the Federal Government. The Institute consists of the following centers: Programming Science and Technology — Computer Systems Engineering. 1 Headquarters and Laboratories at Gaithersburg, M D, unless otherwise noted: mailing address Washington, DC 20234. : Some divisions within the center are located at Boulder, CO 80303. National Bureau of Standards Library, E-OJ Admin. Kdg. .. _ , Metric Conversion in the Construction m 4 m Industries—Technical Issues and Status Hans J. Milton Sandra A. Berry Building Economics and Regulatory Technology Division Center for Building Technology National Engineering Laboratory National Bureau of Standards Washington, DC 20234 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE, Philip M. Klutznick, Secretary Luther H. Hodges, Jr., Deputy Secretary Jordan J. Baruch, Assistant Secretary for Productivity, Technology and Innovation NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS, Ernest Ambler, Director Issued October 1 980 ) Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 80-600173 National Bureau of Standards Special Publication 598 Nat. Bur. Stand. (U.S.), Spec. Publ. 598, 144 pages (Oct. 1980) CODEN: XNBSAV U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE WASHINGTON: 1980 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402 Price $5.50 ( Add 25 percent for other than U.S. mailing ABSTRACT This Special Publication was prepared at the request of the Metric Symposium Planning Committee of the National Institute of Building Sciences (NIBS). It is intended to provide information on technical issues and status of metric conversion in the United States construc- tion industries. It will be made available to attendees at the NIBS Symposium on "Metric Conversion in the Construction Community" to be held December 2-3, 1980, in Chicago, IL. In addition, it will be avail- able to other affected parties in the construction community. The report contains information on planning for the metric change, current metric activities of professional and industry groups, technical implications in the construction industries, dimensional coordination, metric building products and services, research issues, and timing. It is intended to provide assistance for informed decisionmaking relative to metric conversion for the U.S. construction industries. Also included in the report is a bibliography of relevant construction industries' metric technical information. Keywords: Construction industries; dimensional coordination; metric bib- liography; metric conversion timetable; metric decision; metric product sizes; metric system (SI). iii ., PREFACE This report has been prepared as an information paper for those considering issues related to conversion of the building industries to the metric system of measurement. In particular, it is made available for those attending the Sympos ium on "Metric Conversion in the Construc- tion Community ," to be held in Chicago, IL, on December 2-3, 1980. The Symposium is being held under the leadership of the National Institute of Building Sciences (NIBS) in cooperation with the American National Metric Council, the United States Metric Board, and the National Bureau of Standards. The purpose of the Symposium is for the U.S. construction community: "To examine opportunities and problems relating to the metric system of measurement in construction and to consider a procedure for developing consensus on whether or not the construction community should convert, and, if so, when." This report is designed to assist attendees by providing background information on the status of metric conversion in the United States and to provide a general understanding of the key aspects of metrication for the construction community. It was assembled from material provided by the U.S. construction community and technical data developed by the Center for Building Technology at the National Bureau of Standards. It is intended to present pertinent data and an analysis of the principal issues faced by the construction community . It is recognized that all of the content will not be of interest to many readers. Therefore the information has been carefully broken up and headlined so that the table of contents provides a guide to selective reading. The report was requested by the NIBS Metric Symposium Planning Committee which is comprised of representatives of the four organizations mentioned above. The material presented does not represent the formal position of any organization or individual , except where so indicated. Special thanks are extended to the principal authors of this report, Hans J. Milton, FRAIA, Technical Consultant, and Sandra A. Berry of the National Bureau of Sandards . Mr. Milton's services on metrication and dimensional coordination v/ere made available by the Australian Government with the support of the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development James G. Gross, Chief Building Economics and Regulatory Technology Division Center for Building Technology National Engineering Laboratory National Bureau of Standards iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Constructive comments on an earlier draft of this document were received from: David S. Miller Chairman, Metric Symposium Planning Committee, National Institute of Building Sciences Louis Barbrow National Bureau of Standards A. Charles Danner U.S. Metric Board David Gorin American National Metric Council Charlene F. Sizemore Board of Directors, National Institute of Building Sciences Thomas C. Tufts Chairman, Construction Industries Coordinating Committee, American National Metric Council The authors express appreciation to Ms. Ulesia Gray, Center for Building Technology Word Processing Center, for her assistance in preparing this document for publication in a very short time frame. v TABLE OF CONTENTS Page PART 1 - METRIC CONVERSION DELIBERATIONS AND PLANNING FOR THE CHANGE 1.1 Historical Background 1 1.2 The U.S. Metric Study and Testimony from the Construction
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