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Trematoda) with Descriptions of New Genera and Species The University of Southern Mississippi The Aquila Digital Community Dissertations Fall 12-2014 Clarification of the Systematics of the Haploporoidea (Trematoda) with Descriptions of New Genera and Species Michael Jay Andres University of Southern Mississippi Follow this and additional works at: https://aquila.usm.edu/dissertations Part of the Aquaculture and Fisheries Commons, Biology Commons, and the Marine Biology Commons Recommended Citation Andres, Michael Jay, "Clarification of the Systematics of the Haploporoidea (Trematoda) with Descriptions of New Genera and Species" (2014). Dissertations. 756. https://aquila.usm.edu/dissertations/756 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by The Aquila Digital Community. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations by an authorized administrator of The Aquila Digital Community. For more information, please contact [email protected]. The University of Southern Mississippi CLARIFICATION OF THE SYSTEMATICS OF THE HAPLOPOROIDEA (TREMATODA) WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW GENERA AND SPECIES by Michael Jay Andres Abstract of a Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate School of The University of Southern Mississippi in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy December 2014 ABSTRACT CLARIFICATION OF THE SYSTEMATICS OF THE HAPLOPOROIDEA (TREMATODA) WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW GENERA AND SPECIES by Michael Jay Andres December 2014 The superfamily Haploporoidea Nicoll, 1914 comprises two families, the Atractotrematidae Yamaguti, 1939 and the Haploporidae Nicoll, 1914, and the subfamily Cadenatellinae Gibson et Bray, 1982. All members are parasites of the alimentary tract or gall bladder of marine, estuarine, and freshwater herbivorous fishes. Overstreet and Curran (2005a) provided a review of the Haploporidae and recognized four subfamilies, the Chalcinotrematinae Overstreet et Curran, 2005, Haploporinae Nicoll, 1914, Megasoleninae Manter, 1935, and Waretrematinae Srivastava, 1937. In a series of five publications, Blasco-Costa et al. (2009a-e) revised the Haploporinae and erected a fifth subfamily, the Forticulcitinae Blasco- Costa, Balbuena, Kostadinova, et Olson, 2009. The present work tests the monophyly of the Haploporinae and Megasoleninae; clarifies the systematics of the Haploporinae, Forticulcitinae, and the Haploporoidea; describes ten new species; erects three new genera and a new family; and provides the first mitochondrial hypotheses for members of the superfamily. A new genus is erected for Lecithobotrys brisbanensis (Martin, 1974) that was previously considered a species inquirenda and represents the first haploporine coupled with molecular sequence data from outside of the Mediterranean Sea. Two new ii species of Forticulcita Overstreet, 1982 are described from the New World and a new genus is erected for the two New World species of Dicrogaster Looss, 1902. Bayesian inference (BI) analysis suggests that the Forticulcitinae has a New World origin. Three additional species of Pseudodicrogaster Blasco-Costa, Montero, Gibson, Balbuena, et Kostadinova, 2009 are described from Australia; BI analysis resolved the genus as the sister group to the Mediterranean haploporines. A new Indo-Pacific genus is erected for four new species from off Australia, three species originally described in Haploporus Looss, 1902, and one species originally described in Saccocoelium Looss, 1902. A new species of Megasolena Linton, 1910 is described. A BI hypothesis including data for four megasolenines resolved the family Haploporidae and the subfamily Megasoleninae as paraphyletic. Therefore, the Megasoleninae is elevated to the Megasolenidae Manter, 1935 for members with two testes; Cadenatellinae is elevated to the Cadenatellidae Gibson et Bray, 1982; and a new family is erected for genera with a single testis that Overstreet and Curran (2005a) previously considered to belong in the Megasoleninae. Novel mitochondrial (mt) DNA sequence data are provided for members of the Haploporoidea. Concatenated phylogenetic analysis of one mt and two nuclear gene regions support Manter’s (1957) hypothesis suggesting that species of Mugil Linnaeus have acted as ‘ecological bridges’ in the radiation of the haploporids. iii COPYRIGHT BY MICHAEL JAY ANDRES 2014 The University of Southern Mississippi CLARIFICATION OF THE SYSTEMATICS OF THE HAPLOPOROIDEA (TREMATODA) WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW GENERA AND SPECIES by Michael Jay Andres A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate School of The University of Southern Mississippi in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Approved: Dr. Robin M. Overstreet_____________ Committee Chair Dr. Jeffrey Lotz____________________ Dr. Richard Heard_________________ Dr. Darrell Grimes_________________ Dr. Karen Coats___________________ Dean of the Graduate School December 2014 DEDICATION As I have gone through the process of earning this doctoral degree, my wife, family, and friends have provided support, patience, and understanding. I am forever indebted to them. iv ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I am immensely greatful to my advisor, Robin Overstreet, for his support, guidance, and encouragement. I will forever be thankful to him for molding me into a well rounded scientist and pushing me to achieve one of my goals. I am also very thankful to my committee members, Richard Heard, Jeffrey Lotz, and Darell Grimes, who helped influence the way that I approach various questions and for their contributions to my dissertation. Furthermore, I am forever in debt to the members (past and present) of the parasitology laboratory without whom this work would not have been possible. In particular, Stephen “Ash” Bullard, Stephen Curran, Thomas Fayton, Ronnie Palmer, and Eric Pulis for help collecting hosts, obtaining speciemens, and all of our meaningful discussions about biodiversity, evolutionary biology, and parasitology. I am grateful for help with molecular techniques provided by Jean A. Jovonovich Alvillar and Janet Wright. I thank National Marine Fisheries Service personell, especially William “Trey” Driggers, Chris Gledhill, Mark Grace, Alonzo Hamilton, Michael Hendon, Nick Hopkins, Walter Ingram, Adam Pollack, Kevin Rademacher, and the crew of the NOAA research vessels Gordon Gunter, Oregon II, and Pisces for assistance in collecting fish. I am grateful to the following people for their contributions to the procurement of hosts, worms, museum specimens, photomicrographs, and literature: Maryanne Anthony, Cathy Schloss, and Joyce Shaw (University of Southern Mississippi Gunter Library); Robert Adlard, Mal Bryant, Gavin Dally, Jason Lally, and Jeff Johnson (Queensland Museum); Thomas Cribb (University of Queensland); Mark Grubert (Northern Territory Department of Primary v Industries and Fisheries); Eilleen Harris (British Museum of Natural History); Eric P. Hoberg and Patricia Pilitt (United States Parasite Collection and Smithsonian American Museum of Natural History); and Richard Willan and Rex Williams (Museum and Art Gallery of the Northern Territory). This material is based on work supported by the National Science Foundation under grant no. 0529684, by the United States Department of Commerce, National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration award no. NA08NOS4730322, and by the US Fish and Wildlife Service/Mississippi Department of Marine Resources MSCIAP MS.R.798 Award M10AF20151. This dissertation is not intended as a scientific record. (see article 8.2, ICZN, International Code of Zoological Nomenclature) for the taxonomic names and nomenclatural acts contained within the dissertation under article 8.3 of the ICZN. This dissertation is not a contribution to the primary scientific literature nor should it be cited as such. vi TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT .......................................................................................................... ii DEDICATION ....................................................................................................... iv ACKNOWLEGDMENTS ....................................................................................... v LIST OF TABLES ................................................................................................. ix LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS ................................................................................... x CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTION ............................................................................. 1 II. ERECTION OF THE TREMATODE LITOSACCUS GEN. N. AND ITS PHYLOGENETIEC RELATIONSHIP WITHIN THE HAPLOPORIDAE NICOLL, 1914 (TREMATODA) .......................... 7 Abstract Introduction Materials and Methods Results Discussion III. AN ADDITIONAL GENUS AND TWO ADDITIONAL SPECIES OF FORTICULCITINAE (TREMATODA: HAPLOPORIDAE NICOLL, 1914) .............................................................................. 26 Abstract Introduction Materials and Methods Results Discussion IV. DESCRIPTION OF THREE NEW AUSTRALIAN SPECIES OF PSEUDODICROGASTER (TREMATODA: HAPLOPORIDAE (NICOLL, 1914) FROM THE SQUARETAIL MULLET, ELOCHELON VAIGIENSIS (MUGILIDAE) .................................... 52 Abstract Introduction Materials and Methods Results Discussion V. A NEW GENUS OF INDO- WEST PACIFIC HAPLOPORINE (TREMATODA: HAPLOPORIDAE NICOLL, 1914) ....................... 81 Abstract Introduction Materials and Methods Results Discussion VI. ON THE SYSTEMATICS OF SOME MARINE HAPLOPOROIDS (TREMATODA) WITH THE DESCRIPTION OF A NEW SPECIES OF MEGASOLENA LINTON, 1910 ............................ 124 Abstract Introduction Materials
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