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Réponses De Plusieurs Espèces De Mélèzes Et Du Sapin De Douglas Aux Éléments Traces Étude De Mécanismes De Tolérance Et Des Capacités D’Accumulation

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Réponses De Plusieurs Espèces De Mélèzes Et Du Sapin De Douglas Aux Éléments Traces Étude De Mécanismes De Tolérance Et Des Capacités D’Accumulation R´eponses de plusieurs esp`ecesde m´el`ezeset du sapin de Douglas aux ´el´ements traces : Etude´ de m´ecanismes de tol´eranceet des capacit´esd'accumulation Amandine Bonet To cite this version: Amandine Bonet. R´eponses de plusieurs esp`ecesde m´el`ezeset du sapin de Douglas aux ´el´ements traces : Etude´ de m´ecanismesde tol´eranceet des capacit´esd'accumulation. Sciences de la Terre. Universit´ede Limoges, 2016. Fran¸cais. <NNT : 2016LIMO0018>. <tel-01331016> HAL Id: tel-01331016 https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01331016 Submitted on 13 Jun 2016 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L'archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destin´eeau d´ep^otet `ala diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publi´esou non, lished or not. The documents may come from ´emanant des ´etablissements d'enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche fran¸caisou ´etrangers,des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou priv´es. Thèse de doctorat Université de Limoges École Doctorale Gay Lussac (ED 523) LCSN EA 1069 Thèse pour obtenir le grade de Docteur de l’Université de Limoges Discipline / Spécialité : Sciences pour l’Environnement / Eau, sol et environnement Présentée et soutenue par Amandine Bonet Le 29 Février 2016 Réponses de plusieurs espèces de mélèzes et du sapin de Douglas aux éléments traces Étude de mécanismes de tolérance et des capacités d’accumulation Thèse dirigée par : Pr. Vincent Gloaguen ; Dr. Céline Faugeron - Girard et Dr. Gaëlle Saladin JURY : Président du jury M. Jean Claude Mollet, Professeur, Université de Rouen. Rapporteurs M. Michel Mench, Directeur de Recherche INRA, Université de Bordeaux. M. Stanley Lutts, Professeur, Université de Louvain la Neuve. Examinateurs Mme. Marie - Anne Lelu-Walter, Directrice de Recherche INRA, Val de Loire, site Orléans. M. Vincent Gloaguen, Professeur, Université de Limoges. Mme. Gaëlle Saladin, Maître de Conférences, Université de Limoges. Mme. Céline Faugeron, Maître de Conférences, Université de Limoges. « Un bon scientifique est un détective sur la piste de la nature ». John Darnton La conspiration de Darwin « Science sans conscience n’est que ruine de l’âme ». François Rabelais Pantagruel Remerciements Je tiens à remercier toutes les personnes qui, de près ou de loin, ont contribué à l’aboutissement de ce travail. Tout d’abord, je tiens à adresser mes remerciements à Mr Michel Mench, Directeur de recherche INRA de l’Université de Bordeaux, à Mr Stanley Lutts, Professeur de l’Université de Louvain la Neuve, ainsi qu’à Mme Marie-Anne Lelu-Walter, Directrice de recherche INRA de l’Université d’Orléans et à Mr Jean Claude Mollet, Professeur à l’Université de Rouen qui me font l’honneur d’examiner et de juger ce mémoire. Mes remerciements s’adressent également au Professeur Vincent Sol, Directeur du LCSN, pour m’avoir accueillie au sein de son laboratoire et m’avoir permis d’effectuer des stages dans le cadre du Master. Un grand merci au Professeur Vincent Gloaguen, Directeur Adjoint du laboratoire et également co-Directeur de cette Thèse. Je n’oublierai jamais le jour où, alors que j’étais à mille lieues de m’imaginer faire une Thèse, vous m’aviez donné celles de Chris et de Cédric à lire. Vous saviez déjà que la phytoremédiation m’avais passionnée pendant vos cours et que je ne devais plus douter de moi et foncer. Merci également pour votre bonne humeur et votre grand optimisme lorsque le mien flanchait. Un grand merci à ma co- Directrice Céline Faugeron qui malgré mes nombreuses questions sur « l’Univers des parois » a su m’aider à le démystifier ; merci pour ta patience, ta disponibilité et tes conseils qui m’ont aidée à avancer tout au long de ce projet. Mes plus sincères et profonds remerciements à ma co-Directrice Gaëlle Saladin pour son investissement total et son soutien sans faille, qui a toujours su trouver le temps et le courage de m’accompagner dans ce travail. Tout au long de ce projet, tu m’as apporté tes compétences scientifiques, ton aide, tes idées, tes critiques constructives et ton expérience qui m’ont aidée précieusement à me construire en tant que baby chercheur ; tu m’as également fait confiance et fait partager ta passion pour la recherche, tu as été une oreille attentive et une épaule et tu as su trouver les bons mots dans les moments difficiles, tu es également un vrai modèle « in vivo » pour moi, mon Mentor quoi ! La liste est encore longue mais je vais arrêter là car je viens de faire une phrase de 6 lignes sans point qui a le don de t’énerver. Bref, je n’y serais jamais arrivée sans toi ! Merci de m’avoir supportée (dans tous les sens du terme), je te dois beaucoup, alors un énorme BIOCHAR de MERCI à toi ma Chef, ma Boss. Je te remercie de tout cœur pour tout ce que tu m’as transmis, pour tes qualités humaines, pour ton humour aussi perché que le mien et les nombreux fous rires, pour tous ces merveilleux moments partagés au labo, aux broyeurs, aux congrès, en Belgique, à Périgueux, à l’OB, à la serre…ahhh la serre... ! Tu as ma plus profonde et sincère reconnaissance. Je n’oublie pas non plus les personnes qui ont accepté avec beaucoup de gentillesse de m’aider sur différents points de ma Thèse. Mes très sincères remerciements vont à Monsieur Stanley Lutts et son équipe pour leur contribution dans ce travail dans la quantification des polyamines ; cette collaboration fût très agréable autant humainement que scientifiquement. Un grand merci à Madame Marie-Anne Lelu-Walter qui nous a, à plusieurs reprises, gracieusement fourni des masses proembryogènes de mélèze et apporté sa collaboration et de nombreux conseils en culture in vitro. J’adresse aussi un grand merci à Damien Guillaumot pour son aide sur les extractions de protéines cytosoliques et pariétales ainsi qu’à Catherine Riou pour ses nombreux conseils scientifiques, sa bonne humeur rayonnante et ses talents de siffleuse qui m’ont bercée tout au long de ma Thèse. Merci aussi à Monsieur Phillipe Bressollier pour son aide en HPLC et les connaissances qu’il m’a apportée dans ce domaine. J’ai également une attention particulière pour Maryline Soubrand, Emmanuel Joussein, Grégoire Pascaud et Patrice Fondanèche quant à leur contribution scientifique et technique en étude de sol et en SAA. Merci aussi, à Evelyne Poli pour son enthousiasme, sa gentillesse, son implication et surtout sa grande patience à m’expliquer le fonctionnement de l’IR et à m’aider pour les tests que j’ai pu réaliser avec cet appareil. Mes remerciements s’adressent également à Nicolas Genevois, mon petit goret de compagnie, pour avoir veillé et contribué à mon engraissement passif tout au long de cette Thèse avec ses petits gâteaux faits maisons, et également pour avoir partagé toutes ses denrées avec moi. Merci pour ton soutien sans faille et nos moments de réflexion scientifique « phytoremédiatique » ainsi que pour ton aide précieuse en SAA ; merci d’avoir partagé tes astuces de Mc Gyver avec moi et de m’avoir aidée à être moins médiévale en informatique… Je n’oublierai jamais tous ces week-ends et soirées de rédaction au labo si romantiques à boire des litres de thé bio ! Et puis évidemment, un grand merci à Christelle Gady, ma Cricri, pour toutes ses attentions au quotidien, pour sa bonne humeur et son soutien dans les bons comme dans les mauvais moments, pour son investissement et son aide précieuse dans mes manipes pas toujours agréables à faire. Désolée de t’avoir infligé ces longs moments de solitude et pour toutes les séquelles occasionnées… Impossible de ne pas avoir le sourire rien qu’en repensant à tout ce que Gaëlle, Nicolas, toi et moi avons partagé dans cette aventure : Guppies Team Forever ! Mes très sincères et amicaux remerciements à mes collègues Romain, Zineb, Claire, Manon, Dorothée, Michèle, Olivier, Guillaume, Amandine (alias Maïté), Mohammad, Salim, ShiShi, Mac, pour leur compagnie et leur bonne humeur au quotidien ! Grâce à vous, ces années se sont déroulées dans un cadre de travail agréable. J’ai rencontré beaucoup de personnes qui m’ont apporté du réconfort par les discussions, les rires, les barbecues, les pauses café et cigarettes. La Thèse est également une aventure humaine ! Merci à Cedricus Caius pour ses nombreux coups de mains techniques, scientifiques et tous les festins TRGiens et les mots fléchés résolus à la pause déjeuner. Merci à toi ma Rézazguette pour tout ce que tu as fait pour moi, toujours avec cœur et générosité, pour ton aide précieuse en chimie et ta patience « supraporphirique », car avec moi tu as eu pas mal de boulot ! Tu as toujours les « mots clés » pour me soutenir, m’encourager et ne rien lâcher quelle que soit la difficulté. Merci à Audrey, Rachida, Florent, Frédo, Sarah et Emilie pour leurs regards attentifs et bienveillants, leurs sourires et leur soutien moral et scientifique au quotidien. Une énorme pensée et un gros merci à toi ma Jiji pour m’avoir plus que supportée et soutenue, pour tous ces bons moments et ces soirées à refaire le monde, à « tripper » science, à débattre sur tout et rien à la fois, merci pour tous ces gros « hugs » au quotidien et les fractures osseuses occasionnées, merci pour ta présence chaleureuse et ces beaux voyages. Et puis merci à toi mon mignonet pour ta bienveillance constante, ta douceur apaisante et tes encouragements permanents, sache que mon coffre sera toujours grand ouvert pour toi ! Un gros ronron de merci à mes petits chatons de Bonnac pour le couvert, l’hébergement et surtout le soutien et les bons moments partagés ensemble au quotidien.
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