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VADEMECUM CONTEMPORARY AND COLD WAR HISTORY SCANDINAVIA A guide to archives, research institutions, libraries, museums and journals Edited by VADEMECUMCONTEMPORARY AND COLD WAR HISTORY SCANDINAVIA Thomas Wegener Friis and Nils Abraham CONTEMPORARY AND COLD WAR HISTORY SCANDINAVIA VADEMECUM VADEMECUM VADEMECUM CONTEMPORARY AND COLD WAR HISTORY SCANDINAVIA VADEMECUM CONTEMPORARY AND COLD WAR HISTORY SCANDINAVIA A guide to archives, research institutions, libraries, museums and journals Edited by Thomas Wegener Friis and Nils Abraham Berlin – Odense 2008 Thomas Wegener Friis / Nils Abraham (eds.): A guide to archives, research institutions, libraries, museums and journals The editors thank the student assistants Mette Fentz and Nicolaj Vraa-Andersen of the Syddansk Universitet in Odense for their active support. On behalf of the Government Foundation for the Critical Appraisal of the SED-Dictatorship Placing orders: Stiftung zur Aufarbeitung der SED-Diktatur (Government Foundation for the Critical Appraisal of the SED-Dictatorship) Kronenstraße 5 10117 Berlin Tel: +49 (0)30 – 31 98 95 - 0 Fax: +49 (0)30 – 31 98 95 - 224 e-mail: [email protected] www.stiftung-aufarbeitung.de Center for Koldkrigsstudier Syddansk Universitet Campusvej 55, 5230 Odense M Tel: +45 65502268 Fax: +45 65502270 e-mail: [email protected] www.koldkrigsstudier.sdu.dk/ Price: 6 Euro First edition Berlin; Odense © 2008 Typesetting and layout: Schimmel Satz & Graphik, Würzburg 2008 5 CONTENT Introduction ...................................................................................................... 8 1. Archives .......................................................................................................... 16 1.1. Central state archives ...................................................................................... 16 1.2. Central private archives ................................................................................... 28 1.3. Regional archives ............................................................................................ 35 1.4. Smaller collections and societies ...................................................................... 48 2. Libraries .......................................................................................................... 57 2.1. Major libraries with special collections ............................................................. 57 2.2. Other libraries ................................................................................................. 61 3. Research Institutions ....................................................................................... 72 3.1. University research ......................................................................................... 72 3.2. Other research institutions ............................................................................. 84 3.3. German research institutions ........................................................................... 90 4. Museums ....................................................................................................... 92 5. Journals ....................................................................................................... 115 The editors ................................................................................................... 125 Index of personal names .............................................................................. 126 Index of institutions ...................................................................................... 128 8 Introduction INTRODUCTION The history of the Cold War in Denmark, Norway and Sweden is a complex research area. First of all, the Cold War transcended over five decades. Secondly the three countries in spite of their common languages and political systems were very different. Thirdly the Cold War has influenced a variety of spheres of life. Thereby the history of the Cold War covers large parts of the Nordic history after the end of the Second World War. Nordic politicians had to react to the division of Europe and the world; hence it states the frame for foreign and security politics. It was not only a question of how to react to the NATO and the Warsaw Pact or in dealings with, for instance, the East Bloc countries. The division also influenced how the Scandinavian countries interacted within the Nordic frame work and with the outside world, for instance within the organisations of European cooperation. Furthermore, it was a factor to take into account in the UN, or when the Scandinavian countries expanded their aid to the Third World. The threat from the Soviet Union and its allies was the predominant question that the militaries in the different countries had to deal with. But the Cold War was also a political conflict within the societies. It divided political parties and groupings. Most notably it split the political left and the labour movement. The divisions were fierce and led to widespread surveillance. Both public and private intelligence and security organisations from the countries and from Eastern and Western powers engaged in these activities. The ideological divisions influenced culture and, in many ways, public debate and lives. In the work break, in class or around the dinner table subjects adherent from the Cold War were discussed. Economy was influenced, strategic industries were maintained and infrastructures build also to accommodate the special situation. Mass media influenced and were influenced. Far away countries like Vietnam or South Africa came close to the people in the high north, and persons like Mao and Che Guevara were first revolutionaries and later commercial icons. The most striking difference between the three countries is their political orientation. Whereas Norway and Denmark joined NATO in 1949, Sweden chose to stay outside the Western Alliance. Sweden did not follow a strict neutral line. The Swedish elite within military, intelligence and diplomacy kept close contact with the western side and voluntarily adopted a western policy in important matters like the German question. Still the idea of nonalignment played an important role not only for Sweden’s role in the World but also for the Swedish public. Even though both Norway and Denmark were founding members of NATO, the course of the countries were quite different, not least because of the geo strategic situation of the countries. Denmark was a densely populated country; the military focused on the Baltic and depended on the development in Central Europe. Norway differed in many aspects. With its long coastline to the Introduction 9 Atlantic and borders to the Soviet Union, the country played another role within the Western bloc. The differences between the countries have played a big role in the Cold War research since it has in large parts been preoccupied with national security and foreign politics. In all three countries the need to understand the background and reasons for the foreign political choices has been immanent. This has left little room for comparative studies and has directed large parts of the attention of the Cold War research to this area.1 In all of the countries major research projects have been completed, given some answers and often raised further debate. In Norway the research in this area has the longest tradition. Already during the Cold War, Norwegian historians presented analysis based on archival material. Therefore Norway was the first to have a comprehensive work on the countries’ foreign politics during the Cold War. This happened when Jakob Sverdrup, Knut Einar Eriksen, Helge Pharo and Rolf Tamnes published volumes 4, 5, and 6 of the “Norsk utenrikspolitik historie” (History of Norwegian Foreign Relations) in 1996 and 1997.2 As a comparison equivalent works on Danish foreign politics were published in 2004-2005.3 Both the Norwegian and the Danish Cold War research has focused on the question of continuities and discontinuities and the determining factor in the countries’ foreign and security politics. Although from another perspective this also goes for Sweden, where the question of how neutral the country really was, has been predominantly both within research and in the public debate.4 Sweden’s cooperation with the West until the end of the 1960s was examined by a Royal Commission. The commission’s main task had been to survey the preparations Sweden had made to receive assistance from the West in case of a war. The Royal Commission published the results of its research on the Study of Neutrality Policy – so the official name of the commission (Neutralitetspolitikkommissionen) – in 1994. The report had the titel “If the war had come” (Om kriget kommit…) and was published at the government agency for analysis (Statens offentliga utredningar SOU 1994:11)).5 The Swedish neutrality policy in the period 1969-1989 was then examined by a single reseacher – the ambassador Rolf Ekéus. He reviewed the security policy of 1 A recent historiography on Denmark, Norway, Sweden, Finland and Iceland can be found in: Thorsten B. Olesen, The Cold War – and the Nordic Countries. Historiography at a Crossroad. Odense 2004. 2 Jakob Sverdrup, In i storpolitikken 1940-1949. Norsk utenrikspolitiks historie. Bd. 4. Oslo 1996. Knut Einar Eriksen, Helge Pharo, Kald Krig og internasjonalisering 1949-1965. Norsk utenrikspolitiks historie. Bd, 5. Oslo 1997. Rolf Tamnes, Oljealder. Norsk utenrikspolitiks historie. Bd. 6. Oslo 1997. 3 Torsten B. Olesen, Poul Villaume, I blokopdelingens tegn. 1945-1972