DOCSLIB.ORG

Oregon Tsunami Wayfinding Research Project

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Oregon Tsunami Wayfinding Research Project Up and OUt Oregon Tsunami Wayfinding Research Project Final Project Report & Guidance Document Prepared by: PUARL (Portland Urban Architecture Research Lab) University of Oregon - Portland For: The Oregon Office of Emergency Management OEM PUARL Project Team: Dr. Hajo Neis (PI) Annie Ledbury Perrin Wright Srivarshini Balaji Kaeli Nolte Hannah Pempus Jacob Simonson Eli Rosenwasser Consultant: Howard Davis Client: Dr. Althea Rizzo Oregon Office of Emergency Management The PUARL Press, 70 NW Couch St. Portland, OR 97219 www.puarl.uoregon.edu © 2014 by The PUARL Press Figure 1.1 OregOn tsUnami Wayfinding research prOject Final Project Report & Guidance Document PRESS 4 Portland Urban Architecture Research Lab || University of Oregon - Portland Foreword ALTHeA RIZZo The Cascadia Subduction Zone runs off shore of western North America for about 600 miles from northern California to British Columbia. It is capable of producing megathrust earthquakes over 9.3 magnitude and creating a tsunami possibly over 100 feet. Oregon is working to becoming more pre- pared for the inevitable temblor and ensuing tsunami. One of the best ways to survive is to be able to get out of the tsunami inundation zone quickly. In order to do this, it is imperative that escape routes are clearly marked no matter the time of day or weather conditions. As Oregon has been a leader in tsunami hazard mitigation, we are continuing this tradition with this “Up and Out” wayfinding project. The Oregon Office of Emergency Management is very happy to partner with the Portland Urban Architecture Research Laboratory to seek creative solutions that will save lives during a tsunami event. Their work in other disaster prone areas, especially in hard hit Japan, makes them an excel- lent choice for this project. It is hoped that this is the first phase in creating a much safer Oregon by putting in place wayfinding systems that will help our residents and visitors escape to safety. This report can be used by com- munities to evaluate and re-invigorate how they create routes to safety. Althea Rizzo, Ph. D. Geologic Hazards Program Coordinator Oregon Emergency Management PO Box 14370 Salem, OR 97309-5062 work phone: (503) 378-2911 x 22237 5 Oregon Tsunami Escape Wayfinding Research Project || UP & OUT Preface and AcKNOWLEDGeMENTs HAJO NEIs The tsunami evacuation wayfinding project was a rather unusual challenge for the Portland Urban Architecture Research Laboratory (PUARL). Mostly, our projects are urban design, architectural design, and research projects that deal with investigating, designing and improving urban structure and buildings with architectural, urban design and planning methods. To work on a town and urban project in order to help to prevent or mitigate disaster situations is a first in our research and planning series in Portland. In terms of teaching, PUARL has covered this critical new field of disaster recovery and prevention for four years with projects in different parts of the world, including several tsunami projects (two in Japan from the 2011 tsunami and one in India from the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami). Dr. Hajo Neis, who has conducted three thesis studios with the topic of “Regenerative Design for Urban Neighborhoods in Buildings Destroyed by Natural Disasters and Catastrophic Human Failure,” has experience with tsunami disaster planning and rebuilding in Japan, and in particular a government workshop in Fukushima, Japan, in the summer of 2013. Srivarshini Balaji is the only person on our team who has actually experienced a tsunami event in 2004 in Chennai, India; as a consequence she has made a disaster recovery and prevention housing project for the same area in India the site and topic of her master thesis at the University of Oregon in 2014. Given that this was our first research and planning project in this series in Oregon, we had the opportunity to study, research, and learn a large amount of new material about tsunami disasters, evacuation, and escape wayfinding in particular. We have succeeded in carrying out the two main objectives of this project, first to conduct a charrette on evacuation wayfinding with stakeholders, citizens, and professionals in August of 2014 and, second, to prepare and deliver a guidance document for wayfinding in tsunami situations in this final report. Overall, we believe that the work on these projects is important for several reasons. First, it is critical for the creation of awareness of a possible major tsunami at the Oregon coast. Second, it is important for preparation of escape in a tsunami event. Third, it is important for actually carrying out a successful escape wayfinding act to reach higher ground during a tsunami. And fourth, it is important to be able to survive and organize life after a tsunami event in an ‘island condition,’ in total isolation from help from other communities along the coast. 6 Portland Urban Architecture Research Lab || University of Oregon - Portland AcKnowLedGeMenTs: We want to thank all of the people who helped us in this work, especially the citizens and city officials in the coastal town of Cannon Beach that served as our test study city. We would be delighted to return for further work on particular aspects of this wide field of investigation into tsunami preparedness in design. First we would like to thank Dr. Althea Rizzo for placing her trust in us, and for this service-learning research opportunity with the Oregon Office of Emergency Management. We would also like to thank the many institutions and private citizens who were helpful with our investigation, research, and design. We are grateful to the many experts and citizens who offered advice on current efforts and innovative approaches to tsunami wayfinding across the Oregon coast. In Cannon Beach, we are especially grateful to Daniel Grassick, Les Wierson and Bill Brehm, and the many committed volunteers and city officials working together to prepare for disaster without a roadmap. Thank you to the many stakeholders who participated in our Astoria charrette, including city officials, first responders, CERT volunteers, parks departments, ODOT engineers, planners, emergency managers, committee members, and interested citizens from the communities of Gearhart, Warrenton, Astoria, Nehalem, Cannon Beach, Tillamook, Hammond, Seaside, Portland, Oceanside, Clatsop County, Pacific City, Sandlake, and Neskowin. Thank you to Howard Davis for his research insights. And finally, thanks to the team of students and young designers for their curiosity, creative energy, and commitment to putting their skills to use in service of people impacted by disasters worldwide. _________________________________ Dr. Hajo Neis (PI), August 2014 7 Oregon Tsunami Escape Wayfinding Research Project || UP & OUT 8 Portland Urban Architecture Research Lab || University of Oregon - Portland Figure 1.2 TABLE OF CONTENTS OREGON TsUnAMI WAYFINDInG PROJECT acknOWledgements - althea rizzO 3. a survIval pattern language p. 81-135 fOreWOrd - hajO neis intrOdUctiOn 1. IntroductIon p. 10-33 BefOre: preparedness patterns 1.1 intrOdUctiOn tO prOject dUring: evacUatiOn patterns 1.2 execUtive sUmmary after: respOnse patterns 1.3 the Wayfinding prOject list Of additiOnal pattern prOpOsals 1.4 the prOject in cannOn Beach Using the sUrvival langUage 1.5 the need fOr tsUnami escape Wayfinding final remarks 1.6 prOject participants and stakehOlders 4. process and sequence: p. 135-154 1.7 cannOn Beach stakehOlders 4.1. intrOdUctiOn 1.8 existing tsUnami related effOrts 4.1.2. the UrBan game - OvervieW 1.9 Wayfinding gUidance dOcUment 4.1.3. prepare tO play 4.2. rUles Of the game 2. cannon Beach FIeld Work & oBservatIons p. 34-77 4.3. cannOn Beach example game 2.1 prOBlem 4.4. resUlts and recOmmendatiOns 2.2 definitiOns Term definitiOns 5. conclusIons & recommendatIons p. 155-163 2.3 research and design methOds 5.1 Overall recOmmendatiOns LiteratUre & precedent stUdy 5.2 detailed findings and RecOmmendatiOns IntervieWs BefOre-dUring-after COmmUnity meetings 5.3 final cOmments Site visits Design 6. BIBlIography p. 164-169 On-site testing Charrette ppendIx p 2.4 OBservatiOns, theOry, & findings 7. a : . 170-259 7.1. prOject team 2.4.1 hUman BehaviOr in disaster events 7.2. site visit One 2.4.2 signage theOry & precedents 7.3. site visit tWO 2.4.3 prOcess and seqUence theOry 7.4. site visit three 2.4.4 seqUence theOry 7.5 Berkeley site visit 2.4.5 UrBan landmarks and image Of the city 7.6. cannOn Beach field stUdy and 2.4.6 internatiOnal case stUdies & stOries prOject research 2.4.7. existing OregOn tsUnami cOastal 7.7. pOst tsUnami redevelOpment, india Signage, mapping & Wayfinding Systems 7.8. pOWerpOint exercise: pOmpeii Warm-Up 2.4.8 site visits, intervieWs, & cOmmUnity 7.9 cannOn Beach testing and prOpOsal presentatiOn Meetings 7.10 electrOnic gUidance dOcUment and 2.4.9 On-site testing Online presentatiOn 2.5 final remarks 9 Oregon Tsunami Escape Wayfinding Research Project || UP & OUT 10 Portland Urban Architecture Research Lab || University of Oregon - Portland Figure 1.3 1. InTRODUcTION 1.1 Introduction to Project 1.2 Executive Summary 1.3 The Wayfinding Project 1.4 The Project in Cannon Beach 1.5 The Need for Tsunami Escape Wayfinding 1.6 Project Participants and Stakeholders 1.7 Cannon Beach Stakeholders 1.8 Existing Tsunami Related Efforts 1.9 Wayfinding Guidance Document 11 Oregon Tsunami Escape Wayfinding Research Project || UP & OUT INTRODUCTION 1.1 PROJECT InTRODUcTION Coastal communities enjoy many of the wonderful qualities that the ocean offers its neighbors. But order to live with the sea, it is important to not underestimate its unpredictable nature and extreme power. Although the date is unknown, a local or distant earthquake leading to tsunami inundation is a constantly present, yet distant threat that residents always live with in their everyday lives. While some efforts are already being made by state, city, and local groups, every coastal community should be asking themselves, “are we ready for the big one?” Tsunami readiness can be broken down into three phases: prepare, evacuate, respond; or more simply put: before, during, and after.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • CLATSOP COUNTY Scale in Mlles
    CLATSOP COUNTY Scale In Mlles 81 8 I A 0,6 O 6 Secmide 0 10 6 7 WASV INGTON T I L LAMOOK COUNTY CO Clatsop County Knappa Prairie U. S. Army Fort Stevens, Ruth C. Bishop Dean H. Byrd (1992) Janice M. Healy (1952) Oregon Burial Site Guide Clatsop County Area: 873 square miles Population (1998): 35,424 County seat: Astoria, Population: 10,130 County established: 22 June 1844 Located on the south bank of the lower Columbia River where it enters the Pacific Ocean. Clatsop County was the site of the first white trading post in Oregon and therefore the earliest established cemetery. This was Fort Astoria founded in the spring of 1811 for the fur trade. It was occupied by the British in the fall of I 813 during the War of 1812 and was renamed Fort George. Returned to the Americans in 1818 and once again called Fort Astoria, the name was gradually transferred to a small civilian settlement as Astoria. The earliest burials after 1811 and those dating from the 1850's to about 1878 are now built over. Eventually most of Astoria's known burials were transferred to Ocean View which was established in 1872. The Clatsop Plains Pioneer Cemetery was begun in 1846 and is the earliest organized cemetery outside of Astoria. By the 1870's there were at least four other organized cemeteries. There were many family burial sites and still some Indian burials sites and a United States Military cemetery begun as early as 1868 at Fort Stevens. The most prominent ethnic nationalities from Europe were Finns and Swedes who are scattered through many cemeteries and family burial sites.
    [Show full text]
  • Media Release | Spring 2020 | Bandon Oregon Chamber of Commerce
    MEDIA RELEASE | SPRING 2020 | BANDON OREGON CHAMBER OF COMMERCE BIRD’S EYE VIEW A SHOP WITH A VIEW Birds are among the most fascinating With Oregon grown (or caught, or made) wildlife species on the Southern products offered year round, Farm & Sea is a Oregon Coast. And species diversity sets Bandon apart as a birdwatching specialty food store for shoppers with a West destination. Outdoors p. 1 Coast palate. Dining p. 3 SHINE A LIGHT ON HISTORY NATURE’S WONDERS Built to stand the test of time, Oregon Coast Connect with Bandon’s natural wonder! lighthouses are among the region’s most Professional guides share their passion for nature on guided exploration of iconic architectural attractions. Make a day of trails and waterways. Outdoors p. 2 it– or two– and visit all four Southern Oregon Coast lighthouses. History & Culture p. 4 March 2020 Release To our friends in the media, including publishers, editors, writers and photographers– Thank you for your interest in Bandon and the Southern Oregon Coast! We are excited to highlight unique and timely tourism and recreation opportunities in 2020, including new business partners and the 150th anniversary of the lighthouse at Cape Blanco. The timing of this media release packet coincides with protective measures to slow the spread of COVID-19. Many of our area businesses have temporarily adjusted services or changed business hours, events have been cancelled or postponed, and many public venues are closed or have delayed seasonal opening. When you’re ready to visit or follow up on a story, please contact us. We’re here to help with your travel and research.
    [Show full text]
  • O R E G O N North Pacific Ocean
    412 ¢ U.S. Coast Pilot 7, Chapter 9 31 MAY 2020 Chart Coverage in Coast Pilot 7—Chapter 9 124° 123° NOAA’s Online Interactive Chart Catalog has complete chart coverage 18520 C O L http://www.charts.noaa.gov/InteractiveCatalog/nrnc.shtml U M B I A 126° 125° 18521 R Astoria I V E R 46° Seaside Tillamook Head NEHALEM RIVER 18556 Vancouver 18558 TILLAMOOK BAY Portland Cape Lookout Cascade Head 45° SILETZ RIVER YAQUINA RIVER ALSEA RIVER 18581 18561 NORTH PA CIFIC OCEAN OREGON Heceta Head 44° 18583 SIUSLAW RIVER 18584 UMPQUA RIVER 18587 Coos Bay Cape Arago 18588 COQUILLE RIVER 43° 18589 Cape Blanco 18600 18580 Port Orford ROUGE RIVER 18601 CHETCO RIVER 42° 18602 CALIFORNIA 31 MAY 2020 U.S. Coast Pilot 7, Chapter 9 ¢ 413 Chetco River to Columbia River, Oregon (1) This chapter describes 200 miles of the Oregon coast rare clear skies; it is more likely in early winter. Winter from the mouth of the Chetco River to the mouth of the and spring winds are moderately strong, particularly south Columbia River. Also described are the Chetco and Rogue of Newport. From North Bend southward, winds reach 17 Rivers, Port Orford, Coquille River, Coos Bay, Umpqua knots or more about 5 to 15 percent of the time and 28 and Siuslaw Rivers, Yaquina Bay and River, Nehalem knots or more about 1 to 3 percent of the time. Extreme River and Tillamook Bay. The cities of Coos Bay and wind speeds usually occur in either winter or early spring North Bend on Coos Bay and Newport on Yaquina Bay and have climbed to around 50 knots.
    [Show full text]
  • Fort Clatsop by Unknown This Photo Shows a Replica of Fort Clatsop, the Modest Structure in Which the Corps of Discovery Spent the Winter of 1805-1806
    Fort Clatsop By Unknown This photo shows a replica of Fort Clatsop, the modest structure in which the Corps of Discovery spent the winter of 1805-1806. Probably built of fir and spruce logs, the fort measured only fifty feet by fifty feet, not a lot of space for more than thirty people. Nevertheless, it served its purpose well, offering Expedition members shelter from the incessant rains of the coast and giving them security against the Native peoples in the area. Although the Corps named the fort after the local Indians, they did not fully trust either the Clatsop or the related Chinook people, and kept both at arms length throughout their stay on the coast. The time at Fort Clatsop was well spent by Meriwether Lewis and William Clark. The captains caught up on their journal entries and worked on maps of the territory they had traversed since leaving St. Louis in May 1804. Many of the captains’ most important observations about the natural history and Native cultures of the Columbia River region date from this period. Other Expedition members hunted the abundant elk in the area, stood guard over the fort, prepared animal hides, or boiled seawater to make salt, but mostly they bided their time, eagerly anticipating returning east at the first sign of spring. The Corps set off in late March 1806, leaving the fort to Coboway, headman of the Clatsop. In a 1901 letter to writer Eva Emery Dye, a pioneer by the name of Joe Dobbins noted that the remains of Fort Clatsop were still evident in the 1850s, but “not a vestige of the fort was to be seen” when he visited Clatsop Plains in the summer of 1886.
    [Show full text]
  • Forest Grove: a Historic Context
    Forest Grove: A Historic Context Deve;loped by Peter J. Edwaidbi" C olumbiø Hßtor íc al Re s e ar c h 6l?ß Southwest Corbett Portland, Oregorr g72OI for The City of Forest'Grove Community Developmg¡1t", Depa4$r,ne4t - SePtember 1993 This project is funded by th9 C-ity-of ded by the National Park Servíce, U.S.'Dep of thej Oregon State Table of Contents List of Figures List of Tables Section I Historic Overview Introduction 1 Historic Periods 4 1792-1811 Exploration 4 1812-1846 Fur Tbade and Mission to the Indians 5 1847-1865 Settlement, Statehood & Steampower 10 1866-1883 Railroad and Industrial Gnowth 16 1884-1913 Ttre Progressive Era 2t 1914-1940 The Motor Age 25 I94l-L967 War and Post-War Era 27 Section II Identification 28 Resource Themes 29 Distribution Patterns of Resources 36 SectionIII Registration 38 Section IV Recommendations for Theatment 40 Bibliography 44 Appendix A 47 I List of Figures Figure 1 City of Forest Grove 2 Figure 2 Western Oregon Indians in 1800 3 Figure 3 General Land OfEce Plat, 1852 9 Figure 4 Willamette Valley Inten¡rban Lines 23 Figure 5 Forest Gncve Tnntng Map, 1992 42 List of Tables Table 1 Greater Forest Grove Occupations, 1850 L2 Table 2 Greater Forest Grove Population Origin, 1850 13 Table 3 Greater Forest Grove Occupations, 1860 T4 Table 4 Greater Forest Grove Population Origin, 1860 t4 Table 5 Greater Forest Grove Occupations, 1870 16 Table 6 Greater Forest Grove Population Origin, 1870 L7 t SECTION I: HISTORIC OYERVIE\il INTRODUCTION The City of Forest Grove Historic Overview is a study of events and themes as they relate to the history of Forest Grove.
    [Show full text]
  • U.S. Coast Guard Historian's Office
    U.S. Coast Guard Historian’s Office Preserving Our History For Future Generations Historic Light Station Information OREGON CAPE ARAGO (CAPE GREGORY) LIGHT Location: GREGORY POINT/SW OF COOS BAY ENTRANCE Station Established: 1866 Year Current Tower(s) First Lit: 1934 Operational? YES Automated? YES 1966 Deactivated: n/a Foundation Materials: CONCRETE Construction Materials: REINFORCED CONCRETE Tower Shape: OCTAGONAL ATTACHED TO FOG SIGNAL BD Markings/Pattern: WHITE TOWER, GREEN LANTERN, RED DOME Relationship to Other Structure: ATTACHED Original Lens: FOURTH ORDER, FRESNEL 1866 CAPE BLANCO LIGHT Location: SOUTHERNMOST OREGON COAST Station Established: 1870 Year Current Tower(s) First Lit: 1870 Operational? YES Automated? YES 1980 Deactivated: n/a Foundation Materials: BRICK Construction Materials: BRICK Tower Shape: CONICAL ATTACHED TO WORKROOM Markings/Pattern: WHITE TOWER, GREEN LANTERN, RED DOME Relationship to Other Structure: ATTACHED Original Lens: FIRST ORDER, FRESNEL 1870 CAPE MEARES LIGHT Page 1 of 5 U.S. Coast Guard Historian’s Office Preserving Our History For Future Generations Location: SOUTHERN ENTRANCE TO TILLAMOOK BAY Station Established: 1890 Year Current Tower(s) First Lit: 1890 Operational? NO Automated? YES 1963 Deactivated: 1963 Foundation Materials: CONCRETE Construction Materials: BRICK SHEATHED IN SHEET IRON Tower Shape: OCTAGONAL ATTACHED TO WORKROOM Markings/Pattern: WHITE W/BLACK TRIM Relationship to Other Structure: ATTACHED Original Lens: FIRST ORDER, FRESNEL 1890 COQUILLE RIVER (BANDON) LIGHT Location: ENTRANCE
    [Show full text]
  • Oregon Silverspot Recovery Plan
    PART I INTRODUCTION Overview The Oregon silverspot butterfly (Speyeria zerene hippolyta) is a small, darkly marked coastal subspecies of the Zerene fritillary, a widespread butterfly species in montane western North America. The historical range of the subspecies extends from Westport, Grays Harbor County, Washington, south to Del Norte County, California. Within its range, the butterfly is known to have been extirpated from at least 11 colonies (2 in Washington, 8 in Oregon, and 1 in California). We, the U.S. Department of the Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service, listed the Oregon silverspot butterfly was listed as a threatened species with critical habitat in 1980 (USDI 1980; 45 FR 44935). We completed a recovery plan for this species in 1982 (USDI 1982). The species recovery priority number is 3, indicating a high degree of threat and high recovery potential (USDI 1983; 48 FR 43098). At the time of listing, the only viable population known was at Rock Creek-Big Creek in Lane County, Oregon, and was managed by the U.S. Forest Service (Siuslaw National Forest). The Siuslaw National Forest developed an implementation plan (Clady and Parsons 1984) to guide management of the species at Rock Creek-Big Creek and Mount Hebo (Mt. Hebo) in Tillamook County, Oregon. Additional Oregon silverspot butterfly populations were discovered at Cascade Head, Bray Point, and Clatsop Plains in Oregon, on the Long Beach Peninsula in Washington, and in Del Norte County in California. The probability of survival of four populations has been increased by management efforts of the Siuslaw National Forest and The Nature Conservancy, however, some threats to the species remain at all of the sites.
    [Show full text]
  • Tsunami Proceedings.Pdf
    Proceedings of the Regional Workshop on Post-Tsunami Rehabilitation of Fishing Communities and Fisheries- based Livelihoods, 18-19 January 2006, Chennai, India Item Type book Publisher International Collective in Support of Fishworkers Download date 29/09/2021 11:32:10 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/1834/18236 Proceedings Regional Workshop on Post-tsunami Rehabilitation of ishing Communities and isheries-based Livelihoods 18 and 19 January 2006 Chennai, India International Collective in Support of ishworkers (ICS) 27 College Road, Chennai 600 006, India www.icsf.net Regional Workshop on Post-tsunami Rehabilitation of ishing Communities and isheries-based Livelihoods 18 and 19 January 2006, Chennai, India Proceedings March 2006 Layout by P. Sivasakthivel (Jaisakthi Computers) Printed and bound at Nagaraj and Company Pvt. Ltd., Chennai Published by International Collective in Support of )ishworkers 27 College Road, Chennai 600 006, India Tel: +91 44 2827 5303 )ax: +91 44 2825 4457 Email: [email protected] http://www.icsf.net Copyright © ICS) 2006 ISBN 81 902957 0 5 While ICS) reserves all rights for this publication, any portion of it may be freely copied and distributed, provided appropriate credit is given. Any commercial use of this material is prohibited without prior permission. ICS) would appreciate receiving a copy of any publication that uses this publication as a source. The opinions and positions expressed in this publication are those of the authors concerned and do not necessarily represent the official views of ICS). Contents
    [Show full text]
  • Appendices Appendix A
    APPENDICES APPENDIX A HISTORY OF SKIPANON RIVER WATERSHED Prepared by Lisa Heigh and the Skipanon River Watershed Council Appendix A - Skipanon River Watershed History 2 APPENDIX A HISTORY Skipanon River Watershed Natural History TIMELINE · 45 million years ago - North American Continent begins collision with Pacific Ocean Seamounts (now the Coast Range) · 25 million years ago Oregon Coast began to emerge from the sea · 20 million years ago Coast Range becomes a firm part of the continent · 15 million years ago Columbia River Basalt lava flows stream down an ancestral Columbia River · 12,000 years ago last Ice Age floods scour the Columbia River · 10,000 years ago Native Americans inhabit the region (earliest documentation) - Clatsop Indians used three areas within the Skipanon drainage as main living, fishing and hunting sites: Clatsop Plains, Hammond and a site near the Skipanon River mouth, where later D.K. Warren (Warrenton founder) built a home. · 4,500 years ago Pacific Ocean shoreline at the eastern shore of what is now Cullaby Lake · 1700’s early part of the century last major earthquake · 1780 estimates of the Chinook population in the lower Columbia Region: 2,000 total – 300 of which were Clatsops who lived primarily in the Skipanon basin. · 1770’s-1790’s Robert Gray and other Europeans explore and settle Oregon and region, bringing with them disease/epidemic (smallpox, malaria, measles, etc.) to native populations · 1805-1806 Lewis and Clark Expedition, camp at Fort Clatsop and travel frequently through the Skipanon Watershed
    [Show full text]
  • Gearhart to Fort Stevens, Prelim
    NOTICE The Oregon Department of Geology and Mineral Industries is publishing this paper because the information furthers the mission of the Department. To facilitate timely distribution of the information, this report is published as received from the authors and has not been edited to our usual standards. STATE OF OREGON DEPARTMENT OF GEOLOGY AND MINERAL INDUSTRIES Suite 965, 800 NE Oregon St., #28 Portland, Oregon 97232 OPEN-FILE REPORT O-01-04 COASTAL EROSION HAZARD ZONES ALONG THE CLATSOP PLAINS, OREGON: GEARHART TO FORT STEVENS PRELIMINARY TECHNICAL REPORT TO CLATSOP COUNTY 2001 By JONATHAN C. ALLAN AND GEORGE R. PRIEST Oregon Department of Geology and Mineral Industries, Coastal Field Office, 313 SW 2nd St, Suite D, Newport, OR 97365 NOTICE The results and conclusions of this report are necessarily based on limited geologic and geophysical data. At any given site in any map area, site-specific data could give results that differ from those shown in this report. This report cannot replace site-specific investigations. The hazards of an individual site should be assessed through geotechnical or engineering geology investigation by qualified practitioners. Table of Contents EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ............................................................................................... iii INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................................. 1 BEACH PROCESSES AND FEATURES......................................................................... 2 Beach Erosion –
    [Show full text]
  • Oregon Coast
    DRIVING ECONOMIC GROWTH ACROSS OREGON TOURISM SUPPORTS OREGON COAST: OREGON’S ECONOMY IN 2010 IN 2018 CHANGE Direct Employment In 2003, Oregon faced one of its highest unemployment 19,690 jobs 23,460 jobs +2.2% rates in history. As part of a statewide initiative to create Employee Earnings new job opportunities for Oregonians, the Oregon Tourism $427 million $674 million +5.9% Investment proposal was signed into law. This bill made Visitor Spending tourism and hospitality a pillar of Oregon’s economy by $1.5 billion $2.2 billion +4.0% establishing a 1% state lodging tax, which dedicated the Taxes (State/Local) revenue into tourism development and marketing for all of $55 million $87 million +5.9% Oregon. In 2016, the legislature increased the state lodging tax to 1.8% through June 2020, when it decreases to 1.5%. In STATEWIDE: addition, state statute dedicated 30% of the state lodging IN 2003 IN 2018 CHANGE tax to regional tourism organizations and grant programs Direct Employment across Oregon. This industry investment has delivered 84,500 jobs 115,400 +37% results with an increase in visitors which has equated to Employee Earnings increased resources for regional programs that support jobs, $1.7 billion $3.6 billion +112% culture, infrastructure and public services. Visitor Spending $6.5 billion $12.3 billion +89% Taxes (State/Local) THE INVESTMENT IS PAYING OFF $246 million $560 million +128% Through Travel Oregon’s Regional Cooperative Tourism Program, the Oregon Coast region is scheduled to receive More than 120 cities and counties across Oregon $3.2 million over the 2019-2021 biennium.
    [Show full text]
  • Tsunami Teacher: Resource
    1 TsunamiTeacher Table of Contents 77 Section Number Topic Names Page No 01 Introduction 06 02 Getting Started 10 03 Training Modules 20 3.1 Media 20 3.1.1 Introduction 20 3.1.1.1 Overview 20 3.1.1.2 Tsunamis – The media’s roles 21 3.1.1.3 Aims and Objectives 23 3.1.1.4 Intended kit outcomes 24 3.1.2 The Great Waves 25 3.1.2.1 Tsunamis: A snapshot 25 3.1.2.2 Causes of tsunamis 36 3.1.3 Tsunamis down the years 47 3.1.3.1 A short history. 47 3.1.3.2 Amazing tsunamis 57 3.1.3.3 The 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami 71 3.1.4 Dealing with tsunamis 105 3.1.4.1 Surviving tsunamis 105 3.1.4.2 Detection and early warning 119 3.1.4.3 Planning for tsunamis 138 3.2 Schools 160 3.2.1 Introduction 160 3.2.1.1 Overview 160 2 TsunamiTeacher Table of Contents Section Number Topic Names Page No 3.2.1.2 Target Audiences 161 3.2.1.3 Aims and Objectives 162 3.2.1.4 Intended Outcomes 163 3.2.1.5 Tsunamis – education is key 165 3.2.2 Teacher Guide 172 3.2.2.1 Module Overview 172 3.2.2.2 Tips & Suggestions 176 3.2.2.3 TsunamiTeacher-background resources 179 3.2.3 Tsunami Lessons 183 3.2.3.1 Tsunami curriculum sets 184 3.2.3.2 Tsunami curricula on the internet 192 3.2.4 Classroom Support Materials 197 3.2.4.1 Overview 167 3.2.4.2 Classroom Activity Materials 202 3.2.4.3 Internet Classroom Materials 212 3.3 Public and Private Sectors 219 3.3.1 Introduction 219 3.3.1.1 Overview 219 3.3.1.2 Being Prepared 223 3.3.1.3 Aims & Objectives 226 3.3.1.4 Intended Outcomes 228 3.1.1.5 User Guide 230 3.3.2 Tsunamis – Key Challenges 232 3.3.2.1 Tsunamis – Key Challenges 232 3 TsunamiTeacher
    [Show full text]