An Investment Plan for the Establishment of Phong Dien Nature Reserve, Thua Thien Hue Province, Vietnam
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BirdLife International Vietnam Programme and the Forest Inventory and Planning Institute with financial support from the European Union An Investment Plan for the Establishment of Phong Dien Nature Reserve, Thua Thien Hue Province, Vietnam Conservation Report Number 15 BirdLife International European Union FIPI An Investment Plan for the Establishment of Phong Dien Nature Reserve, Thua Thien Hue Province, Vietnam by Le Trong Trai, Tran Hieu Minh, Tran Quang Ngoc and Tran Quoc Dung Forest Inventory and Planning Institute and Ross Hughes BirdLife International Vietnam Programme This is a technical report for the project entitled: Expanding the Protected Areas Network in Vietnam for the 21st Century. (Contract VNM/B7-6201/IB/96/005) Hanoi March 2001 Project coordinators: Nguyen Huy Phon Vu Van Dung Ross Hughes Field survey and social Le Trong Trai assessment team: Tran Hieu Minh Tran Quang Ngoc Tran Quoc Dung Nguyen Van Tri Tin Tran Nguyen Vinh Nguyen Khang Chung Ross Hughes Maps: Mai Ky Vinh (FIPI) Project funding: European Union and BirdLife International Citation: Le Trong Trai, Tran Hieu Minh, Tran Quang Ngoc, Tran Quoc Dung and Hughes, R. (2001) An Investment Plan for the Establishment of Phong Dien Nature Reserve, Thua Thien Hue Province, Vietnam. BirdLife International Vietnam Programme and the Forest Inventory and Planning Institute, Hanoi, Vietnam. Copies available from: BirdLife International Vietnam Programme 11 Lane 167, Tay Son, Dong Da Hanoi, Vietnam Tel/Fax: + (84) 4 851 7217 E-mail: [email protected] Website:www.birdlifevietnam.com (English) www.birdlifevietnam.org (Vietnamese) Table of Contents Table of Contents i Acknowledgements v Conventions Used vi Executive Summary vii Executive Summary in Vietnamese ix 1. Introduction 1 1.1 Location, Description and Objectives 1 1.2 Legal and Scientific Justification 1 1.3 External Context 3 Other Protected Area Initiatives in Central Vietnam 3 Highway Development 3 Related Development Projects 3 2. Physical and Biological Description 5 2.1 Biogeography 5 2.2 Topography 5 2.3 Geology 5 2.4 Soil 5 2.5 Meteorology 5 2.6 Hydrology 6 2.7 Habitat Types and Condition 7 Primary and Mature Secondary Forest (Rich and Medium Forest) 7 Immature Secondary Forest (Poor Forest) 8 Regenerating Forest 8 Scrub with Scattered Trees 9 Scrub 9 Grassland 9 2.8 Flora and Plant Resources 9 2.9 Mammals 10 Key Mammal Records 10 2.10 Birds 12 2.11 Reptiles and Amphibians 13 2.12 Fish 14 2.13 Butterflies 14 2.14 Landscape, Historical and Cultural Features 16 3. Socio-economic Features 17 3.1 Summary of Key Socio-economic Features 17 3.2 Population, Demographics and Ethnicity 18 Demographics 18 Ethnicity 18 Population Distribution 18 Population Change, War and Forest Change in Recent History 19 3.3 Public Health and Reproductive Health Services 20 Summary of Health Issues 20 Access to Health and Reproductive Health Services 20 3.4 Education 21 3.5 Infrastructure 21 Transportation 21 Electricity 22 3.6 Economic activities 22 3.7 Agricultural and Agro-ecological Resources 22 The Influence of Agricultural Activities on Access to Forest Resources 23 i Agriculture and Land-use Trends: Opportunities for Buffer Zone Management? 25 Livestock and Animal Husbandry 25 3.8 Forest Resources 26 Causes of Recent Forest Change 26 Existing Forest Management 26 Threats to Forest Resources 28 Hunting and Trapping 28 Extraction of Timber Resources 29 Extraction of Non-timber Forest Products 30 3.9 Forest Services 31 Flood and Erosion Control 32 Water Supply and Irrigation Projects 32 4. Stakeholders 33 4.1 Local Communities 33 4.2 Downstream Water Users 33 4.3 Thua Thien Hue Provincial People's Committee 33 4.4 Provincial and District Forest Protection Departments 33 4.5 Phong Dien Forest Enterprise 34 4.6 Bo River Watershed Protection Forest 35 4.7 International Organisations and Projects 35 5. Evaluation 36 5.1 Biodiversity Evaluation 36 5.2 Threat Evaluation 37 5.3 Institutional Evaluation 38 5.4 Economic Evaluation 39 Least-cost Alternative 39 Opportunity Cost 40 5.5 Evaluation of Other Potential Benefits 40 6. Management Planning for Phong Dien Nature Reserve 42 6.1 Special-use Forest Name 42 6.2 Rationale for Designation of Special-use Forest Category 42 6.3 Management Objectives of the Special-use Forest 42 6.4 Management Responsibility for the Special-use Forest 42 6.5 Physical Description of Boundary and Justification 42 Description 42 Justification 42 6.6 Management Zoning 43 Strict Protection Area 43 Forest Rehabilitation Area 44 Administration and Services Area 45 Buffer Zone 45 7. Proposed Project Activities and Indicative Costs 46 7.1 Protection Programme 46 Infrastructure Development Component 46 Conservation and Protection Component 47 7.2 Rehabilitation Programme 48 Forest Restoration and Plantation Component 48 Forest Protection Component 48 7.3 Monitoring and Research Programme 49 7.4 Awareness and Extension Programme 49 7.5 Tourism Development Programme 49 8. Special-use Forest Management Structure and Finance 51 8.1 Proposed Management Structure 51 Directorate 51 Administration Department 51 ii Technical and Financial Department 51 Protection Department 51 8.2 Finance 53 Investment Capital 53 8.3 Implementation of the Investment Plan for Phong Dien Nature Reserve 53 9. Summary of Project Benefits 56 References 57 Appendix 1: Flora Recorded at Phong Dien and Dakrong Nature Reserves 63 Appendix 2: Mammals Recorded at Phong Dien and Dakrong Nature Reserves 68 Appendix 3: Birds Recorded at Phong Dien and Dakrong Nature Reserves 70 Appendix 4: Reptiles and Amphibians Recorded at Phong Dien and Dakrong Nature Reserves 75 Appendix 5: Butterflies Recorded at Phong Dien and Dakrong Nature Reserves 77 Appendix 6: Village Histories for Four Villages Compiled Using Timeline Analysis 82 Appendix 7: Seasonal Calendars for Agricultural Activities in Three Villages 84 Appendix 8: Village Maps Developed by the Villagers of Four Villages 86 Appendix 9: Duration of Hunting and NTFP Collection Compared with Seasonal Labour Demands and Rainfall 90 Appendix 10: Historical and Current Threats to Forest and Wildlife at Four Villages 91 Appendix 11: Hunting Data for Four Villages 92 Appendix 12: Forest Product Exploitation Data for Four Villages 95 List of Tables Table 1: On-going and Planned ODA-funded Rural Development Projects in Districts Adjacent to Phong Dien and Dakrong Nature Reserves 4 Table 2: Central Vietnam Meteorological Data 6 Table 3: Land-use at Phong Dien Nature Reserve 7 Table 4. Plants Recorded at Phong Dien and Dakrong Nature Reserves 9 Table 5: Red-listed Plant Species Recorded at Phong Dien and Dakrong Nature Reserves 10 Table 6: Red-listed Mammal Species Recorded at Phong Dien and Dakrong Nature Reserves 11 Table 7: Restricted-range and Red-listed Bird Species Recorded at Phong Dien and Dakrong Nature Reserves 13 Table 8: Endemic and Red-Listed Reptile and Amphibian Species Recorded at Phong Dien and Dakrong Nature Reserves 14 Table 9: Butterfly Species Recorded at Phong Dien and Dakrong Nature Reserves 14 Table 10: New Butterfly Records at Phong Dien and Dakrong Nature Reserves 15 Table 11: Tentative List of Butterflies Endemic to Central Vietnam 15 Table 12: Distribution of Butterflies Species by Habitat Type at Phong Dien and Dakrong Nature Reserves 16 Table 13. Ethnic Composition of the Buffer Zone Communes 18 Table 14. Population Distribution and Density in the Buffer Zone Communes 19 Table 15: Numbers of Teachers and Pupils in the Schools of the Buffer Zone in 1999-2000 21 Table 16: Agricultural Land in the Buffer Zone Communes 23 Table 17: Land under the Management of Phong Dien Forest Enterprise in two Buffer Zone Communes 26 Table 18: Hunting Information Collected in Ha Long Village, Phong Dien District 30 Table 19: Local Perceptions of Forest and Biodiversity Value Expressed by Women Villagers of Khe Tran Village 30 Table 20: NTFPs Collected by the Villagers of Dut 5 Village, A Luoi District 31 iii Table 21: Globally Threatened and Near-threatened Bird Species Recorded at Five Sites in Central Vietnam 37 Table 22: Red-listed Species Recorded at Phong Dien and Dakrong Nature Reserves 37 Table 23: Coverage of Forest Quality Categories (in hectares) 43 Table 24: Management Regime for the Strict Protection Area 44 Table 25: Management Regime for the Forest Rehabilitation Area 44 Table 26: Commune Areas in the Nature Reserve and Buffer Zone 45 Table 27: Investment Schedule for the Investment Plan for Phong Dien Nature Reserve (in VND million) 53 Table 28: Cost Estimates for the Five Year Investment Plan for Phong Dien Nature Reserve (in VND million) 54 Table 29: Disbursement Schedule for the Investment Plan for Phong Dien Nature Reserve (in VND million) 55 List of Maps Map 1: Location of Phong Dien Nature Reserve 59 Map 2: Land-use in and around Phong Dien Nature Reserve 60 Map 3: Population Density and Ethnic Composition of Communes in the Buffer Zone of Phong Dien Nature Reserve 61 Map 4: Proposed Management Zoning of Phong Dien Nature Reserve 62 iv Acknowledgements This report has been produced as a result of work funded by the European Union (contract VNM/B7- 6201/IB/96/005) and BirdLife International, as part of an overall programme to increase Vietnam's protected area coverage to 2 million ha by the year 2000. BirdLife and the Forest Inventory and Planning Institute (FIPI) would like to take this opportunity to thank the European Union and to acknowledge the support of the staff of the Delegation of the European Commission in Hanoi, Vietnam. We would like to thank Mr Hoang Ngoc Khanh, Director of Thua Thien Hue Provincial Forest Protection Department (FPD), Mr Nguyen Van Anh, Vice-director of Thua Thien Hue Provincial FPD, Mr Mai Chien, Mr Ho Van Phuoc, Mr Nguyen Khanh Chung, Manager of Phong Dien Enterprise, Mr Nguyen Van Tri Tin, Mr Nguyen Van Tan, Tran Nguyen Vinh and other staff of Phong Dien District FPD and Phong My guard station for their work on social assessment and data collection.