This electronic thesis or dissertation has been downloaded from the King’s Research Portal at https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/ Jerome's text of the gospels, the 'Vetus Latina', and the 'Vulgate' With comparative tables of Jerome's text of Matthew and Mark Dooley, Timothy William Awarding institution: King's College London The copyright of this thesis rests with the author and no quotation from it or information derived from it may be published without proper acknowledgement. END USER LICENCE AGREEMENT Unless another licence is stated on the immediately following page this work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International licence. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ You are free to copy, distribute and transmit the work Under the following conditions: Attribution: You must attribute the work in the manner specified by the author (but not in any way that suggests that they endorse you or your use of the work). Non Commercial: You may not use this work for commercial purposes. No Derivative Works - You may not alter, transform, or build upon this work. Any of these conditions can be waived if you receive permission from the author. Your fair dealings and other rights are in no way affected by the above. Take down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact [email protected] providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. Download date: 25. Sep. 2021 1 JEROME’S TEXT OF THE GOSPELS, THE ‘VETUS LATINA’, AND THE ‘VULGATE’: WITH COMPARATIVE TABLES OF JEROME’S TEXT OF MATTHEW AND MARK Submitted in fulfillment of the degree Doctor of Philosophy in Theology and Religious Studies King’s College London Timothy W. Dooley 2 Jerome’s Text of the Gospels Dedication To Lily The Dooley Family The Belhadia Family and Markus Vinzent Without whom this work would not have been possible. And to the memory of Paul B. Harvey, Jr. Who first introduced me to Jerome. KCL 3 Dooley ABSTRACT 6 CHAPTER 1 7 INTRODUCTION : VETUS LATINA AND VULGATE 7 INTRODUCTION 7 ‘VETUS LATINA’ 9 VULGATE 16 CHAPTER 2 35 LATINIZATION, DAMASUS, AND JEROME 35 DAMASUS 35 JEROME 42 CHAPTER 3 44 THE ROMAN WORKS 44 EPISTLE 22 45 AGAINST HELVIDIUS 50 PREFACE TO THE VULGATE GOSPELS 55 CHAPTER 4 59 TEXT AND COMPARISONS: THE ROMAN WORKS 59 GOSPEL CITATIONS IN EPISTLE 22 (383-4 CE) 59 MATTHEW 59 MARK 60 LUKE 61 JOHN 61 JEROME’S VULGATE INTRODUCTION TO THE GOSPELS 62 LATIN WITH INTERLINEAR ENGLISH TRANSLATION 62 CHAPTER 5 69 THE GOSPEL OF MATTHEW: JEROME’S COMMENTARY 69 BACKGROUND 69 THE CREATION OF THE COMMENTARY 74 MATTHEW 3:9 POTENS EST V. POTEST 77 MATTHEW 4:5 ADSUMPSIT/ADSUMIT & PINNAM/PINNACULUM 79 MATTHEW 5:25 80 MATTHEW 6:16 EXTERMINANT V. DEMOLIUNTUR 81 MATTHEW 6:27 COGITANS 82 MATTHEW 6:34 83 MATTHEW 7:15 UESTITU...INTUS V. UESTIMENTIS...INTRINSECUS 84 MATTHEW 8:7 SANABO V. CURABO 85 MATTHEW 8:9 86 MATTHEW 8:14 FEBRIENTEM V. FEBRICITANTEM 87 MATTHEW 8:20 NIDOS V. TABERNACULA 88 MATTHEW 10:5 AMBULAUERITIS V. ABIERITIS 89 MATTHEW 10:10 IN MANU 91 MATTHEW 14:6 TRICLINIO 92 MATTHEW 15:6 93 4 Jerome’s Text of the Gospels MATTHEW 15:11 COMMUNICAT V. COINQUINAT 93 MATTHEW 15:24 PERDITAS V. QUAE PERIERUNT 96 MATTHEW 19:14 97 MATTHEW 19:24-26 98 MATTHEW 21:9 EXCELSIS V. ALTISSIMIS 100 MATTHEW 21:40 COLONIS V. AGRICOLIS 101 MATTHEW 22:5-6 102 MATTHEW 22:34 102 MATTHEW 23:35 QUI OCCISUS EST V. QUEM OCCIDISTIS 103 MATTHEW 24:1-2 103 MATTHEW 24:7-8 104 MATTHEW 26:46 105 MATTHEW 27:46 106 NOTABLE EXCEPTIONS 108 MATTHEW 6:11 SUPERSUBSTANTIALEM 108 MATTHEW 10:18 113 MATTHEW 14:35 114 MATTHEW 17:22 115 MATTHEW 21:44, A STUMBLING STONE 117 GRAMMATICAL DIFFERENCES 118 GREEK ΕἰΣ +ACCUSATIVE 119 CONCLUSIONS: JEROME’S EDITION OF MATTHEW 121 CHAPTER 6 125 THE GOSPEL OF MARK: JEROME’S HOMILIES 125 MARK 1:6 TRACTATUS 1A.90 AND 1B.3 129 MARK 1:17 TRACTATUS 1.105 130 MARK 5:41 MIHI V. TIBI, TRACTATUS 3.68 131 MARK 5:43 TRACTATUS 3.87 132 MARK 8:1-2 TRACTATUS 4.1 133 MARK 8:24 SUSPICIENS V. ASPICIENS, TRACTATUS 5.80 135 MARK 9:2, TRACTATUS 6.138 136 MARK 9:5, TRACTATUS 6.73 139 MARK 11:14 DICIT V. DIXIT AND MANDUCABIT V. MANDUCET, TRACTATUS 8.139 141 MARK 11:16 DIMITTEBAT V. SINEBAT, TRACTATUS 11.84 142 MARK 14:3 UNGUENTI PISTICI V. UNGUENTI NARDI SPICATI, TRACTATUS 10.51 143 CONCLUSION 144 CHAPTER 7 146 TEXT COMPARISONS 146 TABLE 1: 146 JEROME’S TEXT OF MATTHEW: COMMENTARY ON MATTHEW 146 TABLE 2: JEROME’S LATEST TEXT OF MATTHEW: COMMENTARY ON JEREMIAH 204 TABLE 3: 206 JEROME’S TEXT OF MARK: HOMILIES ON MARK 206 INCIDENTALS 216 CHAPTER 8 220 VULGATE PAUL AND PELAGIUS 220 MARCIONITE PREFACES V. PQ 222 THE PQ FORMULA 226 KCL 5 Dooley MARCION V. PRIMUM QUAERITUR 228 RUFINUS AND PELAGIAN POSSIBILITIES 242 CHAPTER 9 245 AFTERWORD 245 TWO OPTIONS 249 A SUMMARY OF PROBLEMS 251 JEROME’S FINAL PROJECT 254 BIBLIOGRAPHY 259 PRIMARY LITERATURE 259 GREEK NEW TESTAMENT 259 VULGATE 259 VETUS LATINA 259 PATRISTIC SOURCES 259 AMBROSE 259 AUGUSTINE 260 JEROME 261 SECONDARY LITERATURE 262 6 Jerome’s Text of the Gospels Abstract The Vulgate is a collection of Latin translations from Genesis to Revelation, and its name defines its central function: a common translation into a single language for wider dissemination among the faithful. However, its status as a Latin Scriptural translation is far from unique; it is joined by a great number of extra-Vulgate works called Vetus Latina, Old Latin. The Vulgate collection’s rise to prominence is primarily owed to its tradition. This tradition states that the Dalmatian exegete and monk Jerome of Stridon completed the Vulgate initially by order of his patron Pope Damasus. This original commission included the four Gospels at first and was completed in the early 380’s. The complete Vulgate collection would at first be attributed to Jerome who himself had claimed such completion. Throughout Ecclesiastical History, the attribution of the majority of the Vulgate New Testament has diminished to a scholarly consensus that Jerome completed only the Vulgate Gospels. It is this final certitude that this dissertation explores. Through a close examination of verifiable Hieronymian witness of the Gospels, especially Matthew and Mark, an evaluation of Jerome as a witness to the Vulgate Gospels is presented. To evaluate Jerome as witness for the Vulgate may at first appear to be a counterintuitive approach; Jerome’s involvement with the formation of the Vulgate is has been traditionally considered inextricably linked to the story of the Vulgate. This dissertation provides reevaluation of the historical division between Vetus Latina and Vulgate. This overview of the two Latin traditions is presented in the introduction. The next chapter examines sources and events surrounding the Latinization of the church in the Fourth Century. In this context, this dissertation examines the pontificate of Damasus and his relation to the exegete Jerome. Next, Jerome’s literary creations from KCL 7 Dooley his Roman period in contact with Damasus are evaluated. This is followed by an evaluation of the citations in Epistle 22 and an original interlinear translation of Jerome’s preface to his Gospel translations. The following two chapters present analysis of the Commentary on Matthew and the Homilies on Mark, respectively. An exhaustive comparative table of Jerome’s text, the Vulgate, and Vetus Latina examples follows each chapter. Following this presentation of Jerome’s Matthew and Mark, a discussion of the possibilities of Vulgate Paul’s editor is presented. This leads to some suggestions that serve as a call to reconsider the traditional history and rebuild the understanding of the Vulgate based on deductive considerations of extra-Vulgate translations and Patristic citations. Chapter 1 Introduction : Vetus Latina and Vulgate Introduction This thesis traces the lineage back to its original source of what is conventionally called the ‘Latin Vulgate’, namely ‘the Latin Bible that has been in common use in the Western Church since the seventh century’.1 In doing so, it seeks to better understand the veiled history of its creation. It critically observes the traditional source, Jerome of Stridon, in an attempt to shed light on its otherwise obscured creation. This is accomplished through the careful observation of Hieronymian (that is, by Jerome) quotations culled from his numerous epistles, polemical and exegetical works, and translations and commentaries. 1 Robert Weber and Roger Gryson, Biblia Sacra Vulgata, editio quinta (1994), XXXIII. 8 Jerome’s Text of the Gospels The thesis can be classified into four major sections. The first section is found below in this introductory chapter. This introduction sets the history of the Vulgate in the perspective of those extra-Vulgate Latin translations, known as the Vetus Latina. It seeks to make sense of the confusing history of Latin Scriptural history and calls upon a number of prior scholarly monographs. It explores problems throughout history in understanding the true point of origination of the Vulgate and delineates its historical treatment. The second section introduces Pope Damasus, the Latinization of the Church, and Jerome’s works in Rome. As such, it seeks to capture some picture of the scholar’s early inclinations and understand from the onset if he uses any uniquely identifiable translations; to accomplish this, some of his Roman works are considered. The third part then analyzes Jerome’s Commentary on Matthew and Homilies on Mark in order to understand whether or not Jerome’s numerous citations bear witness to the Vulgate translation.