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Track 1.5 Bimstec Security Dialogue Forum BIMSTEC Proceedings Second Meeting of the TRACK 1.5 BIMSTEC SECURITY DIALOGUE FORUM Nepal Bhutan India Bangladesh Myanmar Thailand Sri Lanka 30-31 July 2019 Dhaka, Bangladesh Bangladesh Institute of International and Strategic Studies (BIISS) BIMSTEC Proceedings Second Meeting of the TRACK 1.5 BIMSTEC SECURITY DIALOGUE FORUM Nepal Bhutan India Bangladesh Myanmar Thailand Sri Lanka 30-31 July 2019 Dhaka, Bangladesh Bangladesh Institute of International and Strategic Studies (BIISS) Published by Bangladesh Institute of International and Strategic Studies (BIISS) 1/46, Old Elephant Road (West of Ramna Police Station), Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh. Phone: (+88) (02) 9353808, 9336287, 8315808 Fax: 88-02-48312625 E-mail: [email protected] Website: www.biiss.org Printed by GraphNet Limited 95 Naya Paltan, Khan Tower 1st Floor, Dhaka-1000 Phone: 9354142, 9354133, 01715011303 E-mail: [email protected] Second Meeting of the Track 1.5 BIMSTEC Security Dialogue Forum 30-31 July 2019 Dhaka, Bangladesh Participants of the Forum with the Chief Guest Major Genarel Tarique Ahmed Siddique, rcds, psc (retd) Introduction “Track 1.5 BIMSTEC Security Dialogue Forum” is one of the key efforts of the Bay of Bengal Initiative for Multi-Sectoral and Technical Economic Cooperation (BIMSTEC’s) security cooperation venture. This forum provides a unique platform for the policy makers and academics to come togethar and discuss the security challenges facing the Bay of Bengal region. The forum is crucial as it builds a bridge between track-I and track-II stakeholders and provides inputs to be discussed in the higher-level meetings of BIMSTEC. During the BIMSTEC National Security Adviser/Chiefs first meeting held in New Delhi, India on 21 March 2017, decision was taken to commence a Track 1.5 BIMSTEC Security Dialogue Forum. Accordingly, the first meeting of Track 1.5 BIMSTEC Security Dialogue Forum was organized at IDSA, New Delhi, India on 22 September 2017. In continuation of the process, the second meeting of Track 1.5 BIMSTEC Security 1 Dialogue Forum has been organized by Bangladesh Institute of International and Strategic Studies (BIISS) on 30-31 July 2019 at BIISS auditorium. The two-day meeting of the Forum commenced with an Inaugural Session wherein Major General Tarique Ahmed Siddique, rcds, psc (retd), Security Affairs Adviser to the Hon’ble Prime Minister, Government of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh was present as the Chief Guest. There were four working sessions: working session I focused on ‘Threat of Terrorism and Violent Extremism, and Responses’ by BIMSTEC Countries; working session II on ‘Maritime Security (Capacity Building, Maritime Connectivity, etc.)’; working session III on ‘Non- Traditional Security Threats with Emphasis on Cyber Security and Transnational Crimes (Illicit Trade and Trafficking in Arms, Narcotics Drugs Smuggling, Human Trafficking, etc.)’; and working session IV on ‘Disaster Management and Humanitarian Assistance and Disaster Response (HADR)’. Eighteen foreign delegates (three from each country) from Bhutan, India, Myanmar, Nepal, Sri Lanka and Thailand and seven speakers from Bangladesh made presentations during the four working sessions. There were also designated discussants for each session, who were local experts, and they put forward their comments and remarks following country presentations on specific security concerns. Each session was followed by an open session where participants deliberated on various security concerns related to the theme of the session. Apart from the inaugural session, participation in the working sessions were limited to country delegates and designated local experts only. TRACK 1.5 BIMSTEC SECURITY 2 DIALOGUE FORUM Inaugural Session Major General A K M Abdur Rahman, ndc, psc, Director General, BIISS, Chaired the Inaugural Session and delivered the welcome address. Ambassador M Shahidul Islam, Secretary General of BIMSTEC delivered the introductory remarks. Mr Kamrul Ahsan, Secretary-Bilateral (Europe, Africa & Americas) and Cosular, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Government of Bangladesh also delivered his remarks in the Inaugural Session. Major General Tarique Ahmed Siddique, rcds, psc (retd), Security Affairs Adviser to the Hon’ble Prime Minister, Government of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh, rendered his address as the Chief Guest. An open discussion session followed, where questions were asked and comments were made from the audience. High-level military officials, scholars, academia, officials from law enforcement agencies, policy makers, former and current government officials, members of diplomatic corps, representatives from development partner organizations and media were present during the inaugural session. 3 Welcome Address Major General A K M Abdur Rahman, ndc, psc Director General, BIISS At the outset, Major General A K M Abdur Rahman, ndc, psc, Director General, BIISS, stated that the BIMSTEC is a region that is home to approximately 1.7 billion people which is roughly 22 per cent of the world’s population. Changing geopolitical realities in this region ushered in a renewed interest in the Bay of Bengal. Strategically located in the Indian Ocean, BIMSTEC as an integrated region can not only cater to the need of the Second World War dictum of “Asia-Pacific”, but also of the emerging notion of “Indo-Pacific”. BIMSTEC thus, holds the key for collective prosperity. The region, however, hosts a diverse range of complex non-traditional security threats, including trafficking of narcotics, weapons and people; illegal exploitation of resources; refugee flows and displacement; insurgencies and terrorism; and natural disasters. There is strong evidence to justify the vitality of security cooperation among the member states. Although BIMSTEC was floated in 1998 with economic priorities, the importance of security issues was felt necessary and included since 2005. Keeping these highly important issues in mind, national security chiefs of member countries have deliberated regularly in the recent years seeking to enhance cooperation in diverse areas, stressing for the Bay of Bengal’s recognition as a common security space. He focused on some existing and emerging security threats in the region, showing the nexus between them and their ramifications both within the region and beyond. He noted that the threat of terrorism remains high all over the world. The menace of terrorism could worsen over the next decade. Terrorists will continue to exploit fragility and weakness in every system all over the world for safe havens and to build skills. Globally, terrorism is likely to aggravate instability and drive international security discourse. The “Fourth Wave of Terrorism”, as David Rapoport famously called it, is transnational in nature. Therefore, it cannot be addressed without effective regional cooperation. The first meeting of the BIMSTEC National Security Chiefs held in New Delhi, India on 21 March 2017 also emphasized on developing common legal and institutional framework for countering terrorism and transnational crimes. Transnational crime drains hard-earned tax revenues from the coffers of the state, forcing the state to dedicate more financial and human resources to border control and law enforcement. But more importantly, transnational criminal groups often provide support to terrorist organizations worldwide. Transnational crime networks are known to collaborate with terror groups to provide them access to finances and arms. Transnational organized crime also undermines human security in a number of ways. Criminal enterprises can impact upon the health and well- being of individuals. Regions adjacent to narcotics smuggling TRACK 1.5 BIMSTEC SECURITY 4 DIALOGUE FORUM routes often witness a rise in drug addiction and the medical and social costs associated with it. BIMSTEC straddles between two notorious drug-producing regions: the Golden Crescent and the Golden Triangle. He highlighted that both terrorism and transnational crime are closely linked with money laundering and financial fraud. More often than not, these crimes are committed in the cyberspace or with the help of the internet. This is why cyber security cooperation is essential. Cyberspace was once used to be just a realm of communication and email. But today it is the source of e-commerce reaching over 10 trillion US dollars a year in sales. It has also expanded to include “critical infrastructure”. Modern civilization, ranging from banking to nuclear technologies is heavily reliant on cyberspace. The theft and manipulation of information or commercial activity by stealing large amount of money from bank is becoming common. At the extreme, cyber actors could attack critical national infrastructure such as power grids and financial systems. Hence, cyber security has become a matter of great global concern. There is also a need to tighten cyber security to thwart terrorist recruitment using social media. Interestingly, cyberspace may be global, but it is not “stateless”. Hence, the need to work out an effective mechanism for political and technical cooperation under the umbrella of BIMSTEC is necessary. General Rahman said that another emerging challenge emanates from maritime security. As the world continues to shift from a unipolar to a multi-polar reality, regionally, both the Pacific Ocean and the Indian Ocean are becoming increasingly troubled waters due to great power rivalry. Today, the world economy is also intricately linked with geopolitics. A complex web of alliance system is emerging out of this region.
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