AMERICAN BIRDS 1989 A seasonaljournal devotedto the birds of the Americas Published by the National Audubon Society AMERICAN BIRDS

Summer 1989 ... from the editor's desk Volume 43, No.2 NYONEWHO READS THE REGIONAL REPORTS CAREFULLY WILLHAVE NO- Peter A. A. Berle ticed that someof our longest-term,most experiencededitors have retired. To each of them we extend our warmest thanks for their years of devoted President and Publisher service,their excellentjob of chroniclingbird life seasonafter season,and their J. R Myers thoughtfulinsights into the avian dynamicsof their regions. Senior Vice President for Science and Sanctuaries When Daniel D. Gibson was a university student in 1967, he became the first American Birds Regional Editor for the Alaska Region. At that time Susan Roney Drennan Editor-m-Chief preciouslittle wasknown about the statusand distributionof many of Alaska's geographicallyrestricted species. Back in the late 1960s,Birds of Alaska, by Vice President for Gabrielsonand Lincoln (1959), wasthe referenceof authority. Gabrielsonand Science Information Lincoln discussed312 speciesof birds known from the state. Now, upward of Donna M. Pisacano 430 speciesare known to have occurred in Alaska. Many of those additions Managing Editor were documentedin American Birds by our correspondents.Gibson worked Kenn Kaufman diligently to transform raw data into readable, cogent reports. He built a Associate Editor network of careful observers. He stirred our imaginations and opened a window on a little-known world. Under Dan's editorship over these past 22 Geoff LeBaron years,readers have learned about the exciting endemicsin Beringia, as well as Christmas Bird Count Editor the stray migrant or casual "Asiatics", most of which can only be seen in this Irene Connelly country in Alaska. Gibson has unfailingly provided our readerswith views of Administrative Assistant the spectacularbirdlife of this 5800 squaremile region. His reporting ability has been astounding.His column has been a delicately balanced enterprise Phyllis Lutyens betweenultra-rarities and trends.His sterlingreports have been sheerpleasures Assistant to the Editor to read. We feel incomparablyfortunate and gratefulto have had him on our Tyrone A. Horton sidefor so long. Thanks so much, Dan. Circulation/BusinessManager Janet Witzeman joined the ranks of the Regional Editors in 1975. As one Chandler S. Robbins of the few women editors she brought a new level of cohesionand unity to Technical Editor the SouthwestRegion. Her reportstook on a new intensity and her standards AIdeen and Willet T. Van Velzen were exceedinglyhigh. She had a specialappreciation for the discoveriesof Co-editors her observersand placed the acceptanceof new recordson a more scientific Breeding Bird Censuses level. Janet continuesin that role as the current Secretaryfor the Arizona Bird RecordsCommittee. We have alwaysadmired her ability to weavetogether a Calvin L. Cink and Roger L. Boyd harmoniouscombination of careful recordsand self-restrainedand trustworthy Co-editors observations.Her last report appearedin the Fall 1988 (Vol. 42, No. 4) issue Winter Bird-Population Studies of American Birds. We have all benefitedfrom the accuracyand precisionof her columns,and her particular viewpointregarding Arizona bird life. Thanks, ADVISORS Janet, your contributionto American Birds has been incalculable.

Carl E. Bock Phillip W. Mattocks, Jr., 12-year veteran Regional Editor for the Northern Mary H. Clench Pacific Coast Region, has retired. The Region has an incomparablewealth of John Farrand, Jr. Frank B. Gill marine life whose birds function in its health. Inland there is a profusion of Thomas R. Howell birdlife, on which Phil conscientiouslyreported. The subtledifferences between Frances C. James the biologicallyproductive areasin the Region were always worth note. The Kenneth C. Parkes cumulativeeffect of his seasonalsummaries is a much more thoroughunder- standingof the birdlife of the Northern Pacific Coast. Phil's ornithological Roger Tory Peterson knowledgeis respectedthroughout the Northwest.He epitomizesthe excellent Olin Sewall Pettingill, Jr. field observerand the quality and quantity of his field experienceis enviable James V. Remsen indeed. He is an accomplishednatural historian. For the past dozen yearshe Joseph R. Siphron has created a world in which his contributors have been proud to live. Thank Alexander Sprunt, IV you, Phil, for your dedication, hard work, and almost equal curiosity. Glen E. Woolfenden Dale A. Zimmerman Lyn and Brooks Atherton, after seven years of co-authoringthe Florida Regional Report have put aside their word processor,picked up their binoc- AMERICAN BIRDS is pubhshedfive l•mes a year ulars, and are out in the field again. The last report of these really active Ed•lonal and bus•ness offices are located a1950 Third Florida birders was publishedin Spring 1989 (Vol. 43, No. 1). Since 1982, the Avenue,New York,N.Y. 10022 (212) 546-9191 Sub- scriptions,all in U.S. $: One year $27.50, Two years Athertons have submitted the Autumn Migration report for Florida. They $50., Canadaand Foreign$32.50, Librariesand In- have been instrumental in the discovery of numerous rare birds and, in stitutions$35. Singlecop•es: Christmas (Bnd Count) exemplary fashion, spread the word along the intricate communications net- Issue$15.. SpringIssue (Autumn Migration), Summer work that links birdersthere. We have enjoyedtheir observationsand consider Issue(Winter Season), Fall Issue(Spring M•gralion). their reportsreal contributionsto the developmentof ornithologyin the state. WinterIssue (Nesting Season) all $5.00 each.Checks andmoney orders m U.S.$ only shouldbe madepay- They have always been full of curiosity and eager to explore new areas of able to AMERICAN BIRDS Secondclass postage interest. Their data gathering has given us the context to understand more •a•d at New York, N.Y. and additional Post Offices about migrationpatterns in the South.The one real objectof RegionalReports Copyright¸ 1989 by The NationalAudubon Society. is to leaveus in a conditionof continuallyasking questions, and in this regard, Postmaster:Send address changes to AMERICAN the Athertonshave won their laurels.Thank you for your diligent effortson BIRDS, 950 Third Avenue, New York. N.Y. 10022' ISSN 0004-7686 our behalf, Lyn and Brooks, we are very grateful. Cheers, S.R.D. 1989 Birdathon Sponsors

We did it/Thanks to you, this year's Birdathon was our most successfulfundraising event ever! We wouMlike to express our most sincerethanks, and dedicatethis issue,to thefollowing personswho so generously supported our 1989 Birdathon.Through their support,we raisedover $25,000 on behalfof American Birds.

Stanley Abualy Mr. and Mrs. W.K. Calmes Anne Fitzsimmons Crmg F. Adams Alexander A. Cameron, Jr. Adrian E. Hatt John Albanese Sara Casmer Mary R. Ford Mr and Mrs. Lee Winfield Alberts Evelyn T. Chace David B. Freeland John J. Alexander Helen S. Chindgren Mrs. Peter Frelinghuysen Mr and Mrs. John B. Allan Herbert L. Cilley Anne Freytag Mrs. Avis M. Anderson George A. Clark, Jr. Karen E. Galley O Kenneth Anderson Mr. and Mrs. Robert H. Clayton, Jr. Edwin F. Gamble Jon Andrew Mary H. Clench Joan M. Geils Mr and Mrs. Richard E. Andrews Julia P. Cocke Harriet E. Gleaton Henry T. Armistead Dr. and Mrs. Malvin Cole Mr. and Mrs. Charles R. Godchaux Mr and Mrs. Joe Armstrong Irene Connelly Mr. and Mrs. John L. Grant Keith A. Arnold Anne F. Cooper John C. Griffith Robert D. Arnold Mr. and Mrs. Frank Cordiner Deborah Grimes Norma S. Assadourian F. William Crandall David C. Grimwood Jeanne Azen Mrs. Edwin G. Crocker William H. Groce Mr and Mrs. Sidney Bahrt Mr. and Mrs. Kenneth L. Crowell Mr. and Mrs. Benjamin A. Groves Stephen F. Bailey Hope A. Curtis Ann Gurka lan Baldwin Eric Cutler Grace Guthrie Bob Ball Mr. and Mrs. Richard M. Cutler Mr. and Mrs. Virgil J. Haggart,Jr. Chnton S. Banks Mr. and Mrs. James D. Dana Bryan Hale Burt Barnow Dorothy M. Davis Mrs. Henry W. Happel John Barrasso J. Walter Davis Dr. and Mrs. Paul Harper Stanley E. Bates Mr. and Mrs. William D. DeCamp Ed N. Harrison George Beal Maria DeGuard Elizabeth A. Harth Wdliam Belton William P. Delaney Theo R. Haugen Mr and Mrs. Carlton Belz Bix Demaree Bolling W. Haxall Karl Bergey Albert L. Demorest Marian S. Heiskell Peter A.A. Berle StephenB. Dempsey Robert F. Helmick Chades H. Bernstein Mr. and Mrs. Jim Diamond Mrs. Philip Hendricks Kathleen Bertram John E. Dineen Karen J. Herman Mr and Mrs. William C. Beutel Anne F. Dithrich Mr. and Mrs. Jim Herold GeorgeF. Bing Ricky Dockins Mr. and Mrs. Cowles W. Herr Marcella Bishop David S. Dodge Theodore M. Hiatt Mr and Mrs. Van Lear Black Mr. and Mrs. Henry C. Doll Mr. and Mrs. Jack Higgins Donald L. Blackstone, Jr. David D. Dominick Ann Hines Daniel Bliss Mary F. Donald H. F. Hines Mr and Mrs. Robert C. Boardman Francis M. Dorer W. T. Hinkle Charles A. Boling Jean Wallace Douglas John E. Hinman D H.M. Bowen Matthew Paul Drennan Hal D. Hoag Gerald L. Boyd Maureen Roney Drennan Mr. and Mrs. Randall Hobbet Mr and Mrs. Otis T. Bradley Susan Roney Drennan Dennis K. Hodsdon Wdliam J. Brennan, Jr. Mr. and Mrs. Alfred T. Driscoll George K. Hollingsworth Mrs Morison Brigham Stephen H. Ducatman Virginia B. Hoover Robert S. Brinker William D. Dugan Tyrone A. Horton Mr and Mrs. Howard P. Brokaw Mr. and Mrs. Noel Lee Dunn Mr. and Mrs. Bruce S. Howard Mr and Mrs. Irving Brown James A. Edgar, Jr. Mr. and Mrs. Alfred H. Howell Mr and Mrs. Owsley Brown, II Howard M. Einspahr Jean Howell Charles Browne Carmen R. Emmert Mrs. Mede L. Hoyt Mrs Donald J. Bruckmann Mr. and Mrs. Robert G. Engel Gloria S. Hunter Dorothy T. Bryan Mr. and Mrs. Richard Evans Mr. and Mrs. Warren B. lsdal Joyce H. Bryan Rosemary Hall Evans Mr. and Mrs. John G. Jenkins Mr and Mrs. Kirk Bryan Stuart M. Faison Mr. and Mrs. Hans Jensen Wdhelmus B. Bryan, III John L. Ferrell David B. Johnson Margaret Buckwalter June M. Ficker Mr. and Mrs. Richard Johnson Ralph Buser William H. Finnegan George P. Jones Greg Butcher Mr. and Mrs. C. Herbert Fisher George Jonkel

Volume 43, Number 2 201 Mr and Mrs Wdham Joslin Marguerite S Nichols Alexander B Slater Gerald L Kamln Mr and Mrs Donal C O'Brien Ahce Bliss Smith Munel Karensky R.E. O'Connor ChristopherSmith CharlesJ. Kaplan Mr. and Mrs. James O'Neill Diane P. Smith Lois B. Kauffman Helen Ogren Mr. and Mrs. Edward B. Smith Mr. and Mrs. William A. Kaynor Roger B. Oresman Lynn B. Smith Mr. and Mrs. John Kennedy Mr. and Mrs. T. Decker Orr Mudel R. Smith Mr. and Mrs. Jack T. Kent Mr. and Mrs. Carlos R. Ortiz Mr. and Mrs. Richard W. Smith Mrs. Glenn L. Keyes Robert E. Ostrander Austin L. Smithers Mrs. Albert G. King Melvyn D. Palius Patricia Snider Marguerite Kingsbury Harper Lee Park Manuela G. Soares Harold C. Kirker Dr. and Mrs. Kenneth C. Parkes Judson Somerville Valerie B. Kitchens Linda Parr Mr. and Mrs. T.C. Southerland Ed Komito Mr. and Mrs. Elmer S. Parson Sally Spafford Kenneth Z. Kurland Mr. and Mrs. Gordon Pattee JeffreyA. Spendelow Johan Langewis Mrs. H.J. Pauchey Ruth H. Spendelow Jeri M. Langham Bruce G. Peterjohn Mr. and Mrs. James Sperber Frank Y. Larkin Mr. and Mrs. James S. Peters Richard Stackpole Mr. and Mrs. Thomas C. Larson Gibson S. Peterson Dr. and Mrs. Elvis J. Stahr Mr. and Mrs. Greg Lasley Dr. and Mrs. Roger Tory Peterson Mr. and Mrs. James F. Stebbins James E. Lawrence George S. Peyton, Jr. StewartH. Steffey Mr. and Mrs. Frank C. Layton Mr. and Mrs. William D. Phillips Mr. and Mrs. Arthur Stiles-Wainwright Geoff LeBaron Mr. and Mrs. Howard Phipps,Jr. Norman Stotz Larry L. Lee Ben Pierce Thomas F. Stroock Orin Lehman Pam Piombino Ruth C. Strosnider Mr. and Mrs. John G. Leness Lollie Plank Kathleen Struthers Mrs. John E. Linck Timothy S. Poole Mrs. Samuel H. Swint, Jr. Arnold Lisio Katherine Post Mrs. D.S. Tarbell Mr. and Mrs. Bob Lockerr Robert W.L. Potts Greg Taylor Thomas R. Loring M.J. Price Richard J. Tego Constance Louie Nancy Prine Mr. R. Tetrault Barbara A. Lund Frederick C. Pullman Mr. and Mrs. Henry L. Thompson JohnLynes Theresa Putnam CharlesE. Treman, Jr. Neil MacNeale Robert L. Pyle Charles H. Trost Robert Maddux Mr. and Mrs. Eben W. Pyne Mr. and Mrs. Diemer True Elizabeth Madeira Mr. and Mrs. JosephV. Quarles Mr. and Mrs. Kent Turner Guy E.C. Maitland Mr. and Mrs. Robert K. Rains ShelleyVakay Carl Mannschreck J. Grier Ralston, Jr. Mr. and Mrs. Willet T. Van Velzen Harriet Marble Bart and Liz Rea Mr. and Mrs. Tom Varcalli Mr. and Mrs. Anthony Marshall Bill Rea Elliott E. Vose James R. Marshall Daniel B. Rea Carroll L. Wainwright, Jr. Mr. and Mrs. Charles H. Martin Mrs. James C. Rea, Jr. Mr. and Mrs. Robert W. Walker Janerr Matlock William H. Rea Bruce Ward JamesMatzinger Mr. and Mrs. Nathaniel Reed Benjamin Warfield Hamish Maxwell Nathaniel P. Reed Wavefly Press RussellM. Maynard Mr. and Mrs. Scott W. Reed David K. Weaver Majorie L. Mazur Mr. and Mrs. Edward S. Reid Lila Weber Ellery McClintock EdwardJ. Reilly Brian Weed Margaret J. McDowell Bette J. Reincke Alan N. Weeden Mr. and Mrs. Bert Mcintosh Will Risser Mr. and Mrs. Edward Weidlein, Jr. Michael Mcintosh Richard M. Robey Linda Welchman John D. McKee Ted Robinson Hans Wendel Mrs. Daniel M. McKnight Mr. and Mrs. Hank Rodemaker Franklin H. West Phillip Medley Lucy Rognstad Mr. and Mrs. Sam Western Geoffrey B. Mellor Marty Roney Samuel C. Wheeler Dr. and Mrs. Norman H. Mellor Mr. and Mrs. Ron Rood John C. Whitaker Mr. and Mrs. Walter R. Merschat Mr. and Mrs. Franklin D. Roosevelt,Jr. Burnette White Paul R. Meyer Curtis F. Ross John R. White Martha D. Milburn Mr. and Mrs. William J. Ross Nancy M. White Janet Millenson Barbara Roth Nathaniel Whitney, Jr. Mr. and Mrs. Frank A. Miller Harriet W. Rylaarrsdam Rosemarie Widmer Mary A. Miller Steve Schafer Claudia P. Wilds Gale Monson Frank K. Schleicher Brad Williams Mr. and Mrs. GeorgeG. Montgomery, Jr. David Schumann Erika M. Wilson PT. Moore, Jr. Mr. and Mrs. Robert F. Schumann Mr. and Mrs. Tom Wilson Mr. and Mrs. F. Paul Mooring Toby Schwartz William I. Winchester Edwin Morgens Jay Lockerr Sears Edward G. Winner JosephR. Morin Mr. and Mrs. Donald M. Self Carroll L. Winther Warren A. Morton Chuck Sexton T.J. Witt Mr. and Mrs. George K. Moss Lynne Shapiro Mr. and Mrs. Webster Woodmansee Charles H. Mort Katherine J. Sholtz Dr. and Mrs. Willard E. Wolfe Pat Moynahan Mr. and Mrs. David Silberstein JamesW. Wright Peter Muhlenberg Dr. and Mrs. William Sims JosephC. Wyman Dr. and Mrs. Eldred Mundth Mr. and Mrs. Samuel Sims Dick Young Barbara Muschlitz Sam W. Sinderson,Jr. Mr. and Mrs. Robert W. Young, Jr. J P. Myers Mr. and Mrs. David Siphron James R. Youse Clyde Nelson John R. Siphron Dr. and Mrs. Maurice L. Zeff Mr. and Mrs. James Nelson J.R. Siphron

202 American Birds, Summer 1989 Celebrate the CBC

American Birds is celebrating The National Audubon Society's ninetieth Christmas Bird Count in style.

We are offeringsweatshirts and t-shirtsfor this specialChristmas Bird Count year. The sweatshirtis 50 percentKodel polyester/50percent cotton with ribbedcollar, cuffs, and bottom.The t-shirt is a heavyweight,preshrunk 100 percentcotton. Both are guaranteedto feel as gmat as they look. Whether you are tallyingtowhees in Texas I- Please send me the following: or sightingsparrows in Central Park, you'll __ Sweatshirt(s)• $20 be sum to spread the word that you are par- I circle size: s m I xl ticipatingin the largest avian censusin the world. I __ T-shirt(s)• $10 Both shirts are festive red with bright circle size: s m I xl green and white letteringso you can wear them straightfrom the field, throughthe holi- Name days, and into the new year! Address The sweatshirt and t-shirt are available in City adult sizes small, medium, large, or extra- State Zip large.The sweatshirtis $20 postpaid;the t-shirtis $10 postpaid. SendyourAmericancheck or moneyBirds orderto:

Show your group pdde!American Birds is offedng 950"90 andThird counting" Avenue specialgroup-discount prices (sweatshirt $18; t-shirt $9) for ordersof 20 or more.All shirtsmust be NewYork,NY 10022 shippedto one address.Order yourstoday!! PLATE 9: RESIDENT WOOD-WARBLERS

Granate#usChats 1. ROSE-BREASTEDCHAT, G. p. pelzelni(Guianas and e. Amaz.) V^GE175

MyioborusRedstarts Active,montane warblers, all with conspicuouswhite in tail; head V^GE176 patternsvary,. Typically z speciespresent in an area:Slate-throated at lower elevations, a member of eitherornatus or brunneicepsgroups above it. A. Redstartswith sla• throat(yellow in all others). v^G• 177 2. SLATE-THROATED REDSTART, M. miniatus verticalis B. Ornatuslmelanocephalusgroup. Andes from Santa Martas to n. Bol.;all allapatric. V^G•177 3. GOLDEN-FRONTEDREDSTART, M. ornatuschrysaps (mainly Col.) 4. SPECTACLEDREDSTART, M. m. melanocephalus(s. Col. to Bol.) 5. WHITE-FRONTED REDSTART,M. alb•J,ons (w. Venez.) Also: Yellow-crownedRedstart, M. fiavivertex(Santa Marta Mts.) C. Brunnicepsgroup. S. Andesand Venez. (especially tepuis); all allapatric. v^G• 18o 6. TEPUI REDSTART,M. c. custaneocapillus Also: Brown-cappedRedstart, M. brunniceps(?u•des of Bol.and n. Arg.) PariaRedstart, M, pariae(ne. Venez.) GuaiquinimaRedstart, M. cardonai;White-faced Redstart, M. alb•acies GeothlypisYellowthroats 7. MASKEDYELLOWTHROAT, G. aequinoctialisvelata ?^Gœ Aho: Olive-crownedYellowthroat, G, semitiara(w. Col. andw. Ecu.) CommonYellowthroat, G. trichas(rare n. migrant)

BasileuterusWarblers Dullplumagedwarblers of lowergrowth in woodlandand tbrest, v^6• 184 especiallyAndes. Identification trick),: head andfacialpatterns important, voice also crucial. Some tanagers(e.g., Hemispingus) quite similar. A. The "citrine"group (olive and yellow with nolateral crown striping); all in Andes. v^tiE•85 8. CITRINE WARBLER (w. Vcnez. to Bol.) 8a.B. l. luteoviridis;8b. B. luteoviridiseuaphrys Also: Pale-leggedWarbler, B. signatus(s. Peruto nw.Arg.) Black-crestedWarbler, B. nigrocristatus(Vcncz. to n. Peru) B. The "gray-headed"group (sides of headdecidedly gray, usually with coronalstripe); mainly in Andes. V^G• 187 ß Entirelyyellow below; note restricted ranges. õ. GRAY-AND-GOLDWARBLER, B.ffruseri (aridw. Ecu.and nw. Peru) 10. GRAY-HEADEDWARBLER, B. griseiceps(no. Vcncz.) Throat(at least)dingy white; lateral head stripes. 11. RUSSET-CROWNEDWARBLER (w. Vcncz.to Bol.) ha. B. coronatusregulus; rib. B. coronatuscustaneiceps Also: White-loredWarbler, B. conspicillatus(Santa Marta Mrs.) Gray-throatedWarbler, B. cinereicollis(w. Vcnez.and no. Col.) C. The "stripe-headed"group (prominent coronal or lateralhead striping); widespread. v^•œ189 Boldauricular patch, or yellowishbuff below, or both. 12. THREE-STRIPED WARBLER, B. tristriatusauricularis (Vcncz. to Bol.) Also: SantaMarta Warbler,B, busilicus PirrcWarbler, B. ignotus(nw. Col.) Br•ohtolive and yellow, including supercilia .ry. 13. TWO-BANDEDWARBLER, B. b. bivittatus(s. Peruto Arg. andon tepuis) Also: Golden-bclliedWarbler, B. ch•soguster(sw. Col. andw. Ecu.;con. Peru) Mantlegrayish olive; superciliary pale gray to whitish. 14. GOLDEN-CROWNEDWARBLER, B, culicivorusauricapillus (widespread) 15. •rIITE-BELLIED WARBLER,B. hypoleucus(s. Brazil) Abo: Three-bandedWarbler, B. tri•asciatus(s. Ecu.and nw. Peru) Crown and ear-coverts brick red. 16. RUFOUS-CAPPEDWARBLER, B. rufiJ•onsmesoch•sus (n, Col.) D. The "Phaeothlypis"subgenus; mainly in lowlands;semiterrestrial. v^G• t94- Plumagelike "citrinc" group's but behaviorof"Phae0thlypis." Not illustrated: FlavoscentWarbler, B. flaveolus (drier lowlands) Underpartsgrayish to buffy whitish. •7. •rIITE-STRIPED WARBLER,B. leucaphrys(s. Brazil) 18. WHITE-RIMMED WARBLER,B. leucoblepharus(so.Brazil area) •õ. BUFF-RUMPEDWARBLER, B. ffulvicauda (w. Col. to w. An•azonia) Also: RiverWarbler, B. rivula• (lackstail patternof •9; c. lowlands)

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Volume 43, Number 2 223 PLATE 10: FLOWER-PIERCERS, ANDEAN CONEBILLS, ETC.

DiglossaFlower-piercers Unmistakableupturned and hooked bills (in all but i species). PAGE •98 Predominantlyblue togray to black,several species with somerufous to chestnutbelow. Sexes usuallyalike. Most species in Andes(others in n. Venez.rots. and on tepuis),primarily at high elevations,mainly in shrubbyareas and forest borders. Species-level taxonomy is muchdisputed; herea relativelynarrow species concept is employed. A. "Blue"and tepuiDiglossa. PAGE I9 8 Entirelyvarying shades ofblue. 1. BLUISH FLOWER-PIERCER,D. caerulescenspallida 2. MASKED FLOWER-PIERCER,D.c. cyanea 3. DEEP-BLUEFLOWER-PIERCER, D. g. glauca Also: IndigoFlower-piercer, D. indigotica(w. Col. andnw. Ecu.) Tepuisors. Vcnez.and adjacentareas. Notillustrated: GreaterFlower-piercer, D. major ScaledFlower-piercer, D. duidae B. Lafresnayiiand carbonaria groups (complex pair of superspeciesarranged visually here). PAGE 2oi Mainlyblack, with or withoutgray shoulders. 4. GLOSSYFLOWER-PIERCER, D. lafresnayii(w. Venez.to n. Peru) Aho: BlackFlower-piercer, 1). humerails(Col. to n. Peru) Bellychestnut; with or without a moustache. 5. BLACK-THROATED FLOWER-PIERCER, D. brunn•/ventris(Peru and Bol.) Aho: Merida Flower-piercer,D. gloriosa(w. Venez.) Chesmut-belliedFlower-piercer, D. gloriossisima(local in n. Col.) Bellygray; with no moustache. 6. GRAY-BELLIEDFLOWER-PIERCER, D. carbonaria(Bol.) Bellyblack; prominent white to rufous moustache, usually a pectoralband. 7. MOUSTACHEDFLOWER-PIERCER, D. mystacalisunicincta (Peru and Bol.) C. Albilateragroup; sexes differ. PAGE 205 Grayto blackishwith whitetuft at sides(latter echoed in brown •?). 8. WHITE-SIDED FLOWER-PIERCER, D. a. albilatera Also: VenezuelanFlower-Piercer, D. venezuelensis(ne. Venez.) Grayabove, rusty below ( •?streaky below). 9. RUSTY FLOWER-PIERCER, D. sittoidesdecorata

Oreomanes Conebills PAGE 206 Large;white on face; sharply pointed bill. Polylepis groves in highAndes. 10. GIANT CONEBILL, Oreomanesfraseristurninus

Nephelornis Parduscos PAGE 207 Plainbrownish tanager of timberlinewoodland. Very local in cen.lYru. 11. PARDUSCO,Nephelornis oneillei

Xenodacnis Dacnises PAGE 208 Activetanager of h(•hAndean shrubbery in Peruand s. Ecu.,in or nearPolylepis woodland. ]2. TIT-LIKE DACNIS, Xenodacnisparinapetersi

tonirostrumConebills Smallwarblerlike tanagcrs with slender,sharply pointed bills. PAGE 208 Andeanforests and shrubbery (Conirostrum of lowlandsare on Platen). A. '"Fypical"conebills; sexes similar. PAGE 209 Grayishabove, prominent L-shaped wing-mark. 13. CINEREOUS CONEBILL, C. c. cinere•m Also: TamarugoConebill, C. tamaru,•ense(sw. Peru and n. Chile;rut?bus brow and throat) Grayabove and all rufousbelow. 14. WHITE-BROWED CONEBILL, C. ferrugineiventre(Peru and Bol.) Aho: Rufous-browedConebill, C. rufum (Col.) Mainlyblue above, contrasting dark chest. 15. BLUE-BACKED CONEBILL, C. sitticolorintermedium B. All darkwith blueor whitecrown ( • olivewith bluishcap). PAGE 2II 16. CAPPEDCONEBILL, C. albiJkonsatrocyaneum

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Volume 43, Number 2 225 PLATE 18: "RED" TANAGERS

Piranga Tanagers PAGE 305 Typical,"classic" tanagers: arboreal, c• c• mainlyred, 9 • mainlyolive or ydlow. Wings often contrastinglydarker. Some species have rich caroling song. A. Boldwhite wing-bars (both sexes); small size. PAGE 305 1. WHITE-WINGED TANAGER,P. leucapteravenezuelae (mts., Venez.to Bol.) B. Predominantlyrosy red to scarlet ( • • ) or oliveand yellow ( • • ). PAGE 3O6 2. HEPATIC TANAGER,R fiavasaira Also: SummerTanager, R rubra(N. Am. migrant) ScarletTanager, R olivacea(black or duskywings; N. Am. migrant) C. Unmistakablescarlet hood; sexes similar. PAGE 3O9 3. RED-HOODED TA_NAGER,R rubriceps(Andes, Col. to Peru)

Ramphocelus Tanagers PAGE 3O9 Obviouspale silvery on bill, with lowermandible typically swollen (especially c• c• ). • 9 duller (except7). Shrubbyhabitats at edgeand in clearings,often near water; widespread in lowlands.Most speciesconspicuous and commonly seen. A. Bothsexes with brightcontrasting rump (vermilion to yellow);c• otherwiseblack. PAGE 3O9 4. FLAME-RUMPEDTANAGER, R. f fiammigerus(w. Col. and w. Ecu.) B. Blackishmaroon to c•'mson with blackwings and tail. PAGE 31o R. carbosuperspecies; 9 pinkish brown. 5. SILVER-BEAKED TANAGER, R. c. carbo 6. BRAZILIAN TANAGER,R. b. bresilius(e. Brazil) Also: Crimson-backedTanager, R. dimidiatus(w. Col. andnw. Venez.) HuallagaTanager, R. melanogaster(local in e. Peru) Black mask and back; sexessimilar. 7. MASKEDCRIMSON TANAGER,R. nigrogularis(w. Amazonia)

Calochaetes Tanagers PAGE Sexesalike. Arboreal in subtropicalzone forests on e.slope of Andes from Col. to Peru. 8. VERMILION TANAGER, C. concinneus

Habia Ant-Tanagers PAGE 314- Ratherinconspicuous tanagers of forestand woodland undergrowth. Only xspecies (Red- crowned)across most of S. Am., othersbeing entireIv Colombian. Often in smallgroups; loud,scratchy calls may attract attention. A. Lackobvious crests; both sexes with palerthroats. PAGE 314- 9. RED-CROWNEDANT-TA_NAGER, H. rubicaperuviana Also: Red-throatedAnt-Tanager, H. fuscicauda B. Conspicuousscarlet crest; sexes similar PAGE 316 10. SOOTYANT-TANAGER, H. gutturalis Also: CrestedAnt-Tanager, H. cristata(all reddish)

RhodinocichlaThrush-Tanagers PAGE 316 Aberrant,semiterrestrial, shytanager of drywoodland undergrowth. Note mimidlike bill. Underpartsand eyestripe ochraceous in 9. N. Col. andVenez. 11. ROSY THRUSH-TANAGER, R. roseabarterri

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Volume43, Number2 227 PLATE 26: SEEDEATERS & GRASSQUITS

Volatinia Grassquits Abundantin grassyareas and roadsides. Note pointedbill. PAGE 4-03 1. BLUE-BLACKGRASSQUIT, V. j. jacarina

Tiaris Grassquits PAGE 4-04- Bill somewhatnarrower and more pointed than Sporaphila•s. Open areas in lowlands. 9. SOOTYGRASSQUIT, 2(fuliginosafumosa (local in Col., Vencz., c. Brazil) 3. DULL-COEORED GRASSQUIT,2( 0. obscura(lower Andean slopes;local) Also: Black4hcedGrassquit, 2( bicolor(Caribbean lowlands) Ycllow4hcedGrassquit, 2( olivacea(mainly Col.)

Dolospingus Seedeaters PAGE 4-07 Somewhatlarger, morc conical bill thanSporophila's. Sandy soil areas of s. Vcncz.region. 4. WHITE-NAPED SEEDEATER,D. fri•;lilloides

SporophilaSeedeaters Nullleroy.is genus of smallfinchcs found in opento semiopenareas PAGE4-07 of lowlands,most diverse in s.-ccn.S. Am.; a few favorwooded habitats. Often in largemixed flockswhen not breeding.Bill thickand stubby. 9 •?hard to idcntit?;only c? c• diagnosedhere. A. Boldlypatterned in blacka•td white (or rust),); bill black. PAGE4-08 5. LINED SEEDEATER, S. l. lineola {3. VARIABLESEEDEATER, S. americanamurallaG (south to Amazonia) 7. RUSTY-COLLAREDSEEDEATER, S. collarismelanocephala (s.S. Am.) Aho: Lessoh'sSeedcater, S. bouvronides(Gnianas to Amazonia;like 5) B. "Hooded"group; lack face pattern; bill bluish. PAGE4-11 8. YELLOW-BELLIED SEEDEATER,S. n. nigricollis Also: Dubois'Seedcater, S. ardesiaca(so. Brazil) HoodedSeedeater, S. melanaps(s.-cen. Brazil; veu, rarc) Black-and-whiteSeedeater, S. luctuosa(Andes; all blackabove) C. "(Jollared"group; gray upperparts; bill yellowish. PAGE4t3 9. DOUBLE-COLLAREDSEEDEATER, S.c. caerulescens(s.-ccn. S. Am.) t 0. PARROT-BILLED SEEDEATER,S. p. peruviana(arid Pacific) Also: White-throatedSeedcater, S. albogularis(he. Brazil) D. Predominantlygraytoolive; bill yellowor black. PAGE4-14- t 1. BUFFY-FRONTEDSEEDEATER, S. frontalis, subadult (se. Brazil area) ] 2. SLATE-COLOREDSEEDEATER, S. schistacealongipennis (local) '13. PLUMBEOUSSEEDEATER, S. p. plumbea(local in savannas) Aho: GraySeedeater, S. intermedia(nearest tz; n. S. Am.) Temminck'sSeedeater, S.•klcirostris (like •z; se.S. Am.) DrabSeedeater, S. simplex (like 3 with xving-bars;w. Pernand sw. Ecu.) E. Sha•ly bicolored(Bol. raceblack above); bill yallow. PAGE4-18 14. WHITE-BELLIED SEEDEATER,S. l. leucaptera(s.-ccn. S. Am.) F. Bothsexes streaked abm,c and xvith whitc at baseof tail. PAGE4-18 1S. CHESTNUT-THROATEDSEEDEATER, S. telasco(Pacific lowlands) Also: TumacoSeedeater, S. insulata(mostly rufous below; sw. Col.; ram) G. Small;cinnamo•t to chestnut (or black) bdow. Many localor rare. PAGE419 Blackcap; othcrwisc mostly cinnamon (whiter in youngbirds). 1•. CAPPED SEEDEATER,S. b. bouvreuil(savannas ore. S. Am.) Gray(usually) 0r blackabove; tawny to rnfousbelow and on rump. 17. TAWNY-BELLIED SEEDEATER,$. hypoxantha(s.-cen. S. Am.) 18. RUFOUS-RUMPED SEEDEATER,$. hypochroma(s.-cen. S. Am.; rare) Also: Ruddy-breastedSeedeater, S. minuta (n. S. Am.; muchlike •7) Black-and-tawnySeedeater, S. n•rorufa (e. Bol., xv.Matt) Grosso;rare) Entirelygray above; chcsmut or blackon media,tunderparts. 19. BLACK-BELLIEDSEEDEATER, $. melanogaster(so. Brazil) Aho: Chcsmut-belliedSeedcater, S. castaneiventris(Amazonia) "Chcsmut"and "Marsh" groups; note gray cap, contrasting throat, or both. 20. CHESTNUT SEEDEATER,S. cinnamomea(s.-cen. S. Am.; rare) 21. MARSH SEEDEATER,S. palustris (s.-cen. S. Am.; rare) 22. DARK-THROATED SEEDEATER,$. ruficollis(s.-cen. S. Am.) Aho: Narosky'sSeedeater, S. zelichi(no. Arg.; very rare) NOTE: c• Whitc napcdSeedeater shown at smallerscale.

228 AmencanB•rds, Summer 1989 e 49 26 26

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Fi©ld Card _wK•m•e?aCCUraterecords . North Ampican Birdso•Tu• new• fi]eld Card ofbird•o • ,.Yo u ldenh• ' Birds ' •-c tax easyt• ,._ •aOm•clisti•. :_•neacan Year comments;" cards,• ßeach set co-,-' •?tesand Month you'•e•ørd hrd si•b2'i •ns bye 5eld Day •o atle/d,or o• • -qgseach ti• Time /Heedsfo. Weathm' "•Y COmpetition.

Wind Z TOTAL L.oo%Red-throated On&$•.$0 I•er set Arctic ofJibe Pacific Conlnlon cards,I•ostI•aid. ,. Yellow-billed

Grebe•Least Pied-billed , Horned Red-necked OrderYoursToday!!!! , Eared We•ern I "Glark's I Albatross, Black-footed La•'un I F91rnar,Northern I Mottled AmericanBirdsF''- Shearwater,Cox's I Pink-footed I Pleasesendme !CEllCards Fl•h-footed •4rner• ß• •t Gre•ter I Bufier's I '.Short-telled I Manx I tkeCheck ormo * • • Black-vented AmericanB/.•rder payabb - • Audubon's I 950•- yusField C•d• • •o: • I ' • • •0022 • Retorts, Reflections,and Thoughtful and return with information that, if them, and judicious collectingis as Refutations assembled,would be of inestimable necessarya part of ornithologyas both value in determiningthe status of intensive and extensive field observa- continuedfrom page 210 poorly known speciesand whole avi- tion. To lovebirds is surelyto carefor faunas. Think of what we would know the well being'Oftheir species,and the tnbution and abundance of birds of if there had been a NeotropicalBirds knowledgegained by samplingpopu- in existence for a decade or two. lations aids us in the area of conser- the British Isles is testimony to the 3. Birders should be motivated to- longtradition and organizationof the vation and management as well as ward an interest in birds beyond the basic science. amateurs of the U. K., where there superficial.Imagine the benefitsif the are so many birdersthat the channel- 5. Finally, the divergenceamong ]ng of them toward the collectionof energyput into searchingfor "year groupsof peoplethat havein common birds" by thousandsof observersall information has been a resounding their great interestin birds should be SUCCESS. over North America was for one year minimized as much as possibleby turned to the daily recordingof num- constructive communication. The I considerone of the biggestchal- bers of birds in one nearby park or lengesin ornithologytoday the har- Washington OrnithologicalSociety woodlot. Becauseof the emphasison was recently founded as much to nessingof the energy of these thou- sands of birders in North America. specieslists in birding,our knowledge bridgethis gap as to disseminatebird of bird distributionwill doubtlesslybe Short of purchasingTV ads,we need information, and there should be advancedand retardedjust as species much concern about how to accom- to usewords both printed and spoken are split and lumped. Look at the wherever possible to communicate plish this goal on local, regional,na- the continued need--more now than surgeof interestin Clark's Grebe once tional, and international levels. No it receivedthe hallowedstatus of spe- matter what our diverse reasons for ever--for amateurs and professionals cies, not to mention the sudden in- to work together. Pete Myers hit the tuning in to birds,we all must care crease in records of "true" Arctic nad on the head again in his same about them togetherbecause they're column in Spring !989 (Vol. 43, No. Loons on the Pacific coast.Did any- the only ones we've got. one look at throat color of loons when 1), in which he emphasizedthe great need for both more knowledge and viridigulariswas only a possiblyva- Dennis Paulson, grant subspecies? more cooperationif we wish to con- Burke Museum, serveour avian heritage. 4. There are still many thingsto be University of Washington, learned about birds by collecting What can professional ornitholo- Seattle, WA. gists and ornithologicaland birding organizationscommunicate to ama- teurs, besidesfacts and speculations about birds? I 1. The importanceof keepingfield P.O. BOX 196 1990 notes cannot be overstressed;the ar- PLANETARIUM STATION ticle by Van Remsenin the Septem- NEW YORK, NY BIRDING ber, 1977 American Birds should be 10024 U.S.A. reprinted in every local bird newslet- (212) 866-7923 TOURS ter. By keepingfield records,birders are providing present and future NORTH INDIA chroniclers of bird life with baseline "the greatest Rajasthan/Assam data of great importance. I recently operator of 5-29 January noted larger,than-usualnumbers of ornithological CedarWaxwings in Seattlein late win- tours on THAILAND ter, queried the members of a classI The earth" 3-18 February was teaching, and found that several Arthur others had noted the same "invasion." Asia Frommer None of them thought it worth re- PHILIPPINES porting,as the speciesis commonfor (Nov. Specialists Luzon, Palawan, Mindanao 1987) 17 February-14 March much of the year here. If all of us had Write for taken notes, a phenomenon would itineraries have been documented, even to the MALAYSlA level of preferredfruiting trees. Malaya/Borneo/Mt. Kinabalu 2. Even more critical, field notes TIBET/WEST CHINA 5-28 July Co-leader: Dennis Yong should be submitted to and collected Tour (No Camping!) by those committed to publishing Giant Panda Reserve such information. This is especially 8 species of pheasants INDONESIA critical on an international scale. West Sichuan(Szechuan) Sumatra, Java, Bali Thousands of North American and 3-27 May 27 July-19 August Europeanbirders, many of them ex- All tours led by Ben King pert observers,visit tropical countries

Volume 43, Number 2 373 J.P. Myers' column (Winter 1988, length of time since the divergence the west and are separatedby thou- Vol. 42, No. 5) points out someinter- between the taxa took place. sandsof miles.Are they differentspe- estingproblems with speciesconcepts The seeminglymystical "chemical cies?This is difficult to decipher be- and their application to conservation procedures"Myers refersto involve causewhether or not the populations biologyand field ornithology.It is im- allowing specificenzymes to cut the are reproduetivelyisolated cannot be portant to realize, however, that the DNA into smaller fragments which discerned. The BSC does make use of topics Myers integrates are much are then separatedby measuringhow a relevantbiological fact: a population more complex than his simple sum- far they move on a gel surfacewhen that cannot exchangegenetic material mariesmay indicate. exposedto an electrical field. Frag- with other, similar populations is a Biochemical methods are now ments move different distances be- descretegene pool. widelyused in studiesofavian system- causethey are composedof unique There are problems with the PSC as atics.Techniques like DNA-DNA hy- setsof moleculesthat give the frag- well. Perhaps the most obvious is in bridization can illuminate higher-or- ment a particular electrical charge. the resolution of differences between der phylogeneticrelationships but do Like any complicatedtechnique, the populations. For instance, some dif- not provide the resolution necessary analysisand interpretationof data can ferences could be due to environmen- to distinguish between lower-order be complicatedespecially when the tal influences.In Red-wingedBlack- taxa, such as species.The mitochon- procedureis still being refined, as is birds, northern birds are larger than drial DNA analysisMyers mentions the mtDNA process.There has been southern birds, but the difference is was developedbecause it can clarify considerable debate over what the not genetic(James; Science 221: 184- relationshipsbetween species.Mito- proper procedures and methods of 186). And what is to be done with chondrialDNA (mtDNA) is inherited analysisof biochemicaldata are when populations that show genetically only from female parents.The mito- usedin studiesof systematics.Suffice based differences at the extremes of chondriain the egggive riseto all the it to saythat the simple"facts" Myers their rangewith a gradualchange in- mitochondriain a female'sprogeny. has distilled from the mtDNA litera- between?Furthermore, birds, like hu- Since mtDNA cannot be changed ture are actually extremelycomplex. mans, show individual variation. A throughrecombination (as is the case The discussionof the Biological studyof mtDNA of Great Tits in Swe- with nuclear DNA which is a combi- SpeciesConcept (BSC) and the Phy- den showed a surprisingnumber of nation of geneticmaterial from both logenetic SpeciesConcept (PSC) in differentmtDNA lineagesrepresented parents)any differencesin mtDNA of the column is interesting but also in a local population (Tegelstrom; individuals from the same lineage greatly simplified. One of the major Blochem.Genet. 25:95-110). Is each should be the result of random mu- weaknesses of the BSC is how to de- lineagea species? tation. If the averagerate of mutation cide whether geographicallyisolated Whatever the end result of current is known, as well as the difference in populations are reproductively iso- ideas concerning species classifica- mtDNA between related taxa, it lated as well. Scrub Jays in Florida tion, it should be remembered that should be possible to estimate the look and act differently from thosein the reason any classificationis diffi-

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Make checks payable to National Audubon Society. Audubon Activist, 950 Third Ave., New York, N.Y. 10022 cult is becauseevolution is a dynamic up a field guide knows that there are was not geneticallybased and there process.When we classifywe are look- differences between populations of were no other differences? Does that ing at a small slice of time. Take for birds within what we now call a spe- mean that the tree-nestingpopulation instancethe caseof the Black-capped cies. The difference is that under the of these birds that is in danger of and Carolina Chickadee.They inter- PSC each population would have its extirpationshould not be protected?I breed at many of their contact zones. own name. hope not. The loss of a speciesor Obviously, they have not developed The idea that populationsof orga- unique population generallysignals full reproductive isolation. There are nisms that are different from other either the loss or degradationof an basically four possibleevolutionary populationsshould be savedis a good ecosystem.Such lossesshould be pre- outcomes here. One species could one and has alreadybeen applied to vented. Large behavioral differences flood the other with its genes, they bird conservation. The California sub- betweenpopulations that are not ge- could develop reproductiveisolating species of Least Tern was afforded neticallybased are analogousto hu- mechanisms,they could remain sta- federal protection before inland and man cultureal differences. Cultures ble, continuingto hybridizealong the easternpopulations. Many statesgive are worth savingtoo. contact zone, or the hybrids could speciallegal protectionto small pop- I hope that Myers' pessimisticout- form a third species.We don't know ulations of birds at least in part be- look on the future of ornithologydid what the outcome will be, but we do causeof the likelihood that suchpop- not discourage many amateur or know that there are two populations ulationsare geneticallydifferent from professionalornithologists. There is each with its own recognizablechar- populationsin other areas. no doubt that some areas of ornithol- acteristics and evolutionary lineage. The decisionon how greatthe mag- ogymay becomeless accessible to am- The reality of the situation will not nitude of the difference must be bef6re ateurs as well as professionals.How- changebecause we decideto call them action is taken is a difficult one. It is ever, neither current technologynor one speciesor two. easy to imagine the EndangeredSpe- modern conceptscan replace the role The PSC changesnot the biological cies Act becoming a ridiculous and of the amateur ornithologistin help- world, but the way we organizethat unworkablelaw as many small popu- ing to decipher and discover more world. It also focuseson evolutionary lations were classifiedas speciesunder aboutthe enormouscomplexity of the processesdifferently from the BSC. the PSC. Of course, it isn't too sur- avian world. Myers' statementthat "Our landscape prisingthat biologyand politicsdon't may be littered with far more species look at thingsin the sameway. than anyone would have dared con- Perhapsthe way decisionsare made Jeff Wells, template," is a misunderstandingof on whethera bird populationdeserves Field of Ecology& the applicabilityof the PSC. The avian legal protection should be reconsid- EvolutionaryBiology, world will not suddenlybe any differ- ered. What if, in Myers' Marbled Cornell University, ent becausewe changeour definition Murrelet example, scientists found Ithaca, NY. of a species.Anyone who has picked that the differencein nestingbehavior

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380 •AmericanHeartAssociation WE'RE FIGHTING FOR YOUR LIFE CONTENTS SUMMER 1989, VOLUME 43, NUMBER 2

The Winter Season 200 ß.. from the editor's desk December 1, 1988--February 28, 1989 Susan Roney Drennan

203 277 Atlantic ProvincesRegion The Practiced Eye--Comparing the Screech-Owls lan A. McLaren Kenn Kaufman and Rick Bowers 282 New England Region Blair Nikula 207 Facts, Inferences,and ShamelessSpeculations J.P. Myers 287 QuebecRegion YvesAubry, Michel Gossdin,and Richard Yank 210 Retorts, Reflections,and Thoughtful Refutations Readers' Column 289 Hudson/Delaware Region Robert O. Paxton, William J. Boyle,Jr., and Dayid A. Cutler 211 American Birding Pete Dunne 294 Middle Atlantic Coast Region Henry T. Armistead 215 Of Dead Zones and the Sound of Silence 299 SouthernAtlantic Coast Region M.E. Isleib (Fall 1988 Report) Harry E. LeGrand,Jr. 218 The Exxon Valdez oil spill: first impressionsand commentary 303 Florida Region StanleyE. Senner John C. Ogden 221 A major advancementfor neotropicalornithology 307 Ontario Region Ron D. Weir James V. Remsen, Jr. 312 AppalachianRegion 230 Regional ReportsPictorial Highlights GeorgeA. Hall Winter 1988-1989 315 WesternGreat Lakes Region David ,• Powell 234 ICBP: Acid rain and birds: how much proof is needed? 319 Middlewestern Prairie Region Brent A. Mitchell Bruce G. Peterjohn

242 Giants of the past:Maurice Broun 323 Central SouthernRegion David P. Muth Michael Harwood 328 Northern Great PlainsRegion David O. Lambeth 248 Hawk Mountain SanctuaryAssociation, Pennsylvania StanleyE. Sennet 330 Southern Great Plains Region JosephA. Grzybowski 254 Great SpottedWoodpecker at Attu Island,Alaska: first record 333 Texas Region for the Near Islands and for North America Greg W. Lasley and ChuckSexton GeorgeF. Wagner 340 NorthwesternCanada Region Chris Siddle 258 First photographicdocumentation of a live White-collaredSwirl 342 Northern Rocky Mountain-- (Streptoprocnezonaris) from the United States Intermountain Region Ted L. Eubanks, Jr. and James G. Morgan Thomas H. Rogers 345 Mountain West Region 260 Bird populationsand environmentalchanges: can birds Hugh E. Kingery be bio-indicators? StanleyA. Templeand JohnA. Wiens 348 SouthwestRegion Gary Rosenberg,David Stejskal, and John P. Hubbard 271 The ChangingSeasons--Winter 1988-19 89 Kenn Kaufman 354 Alaska Region T.G. Tobish and M. E. Isleib

376 Birders' Bookshelf 356 Northern Pacific Coast Region Bill Tweit

378 Announcements 361 Middle Pacific CoastRegion David G. Yee,Stephen F. Bailey, 380 Marketplace Alan D. Barron, and Richard A. Erickson 364 SouthernPacific Coast Region Guy McCaskie Front coverphotograph: Male LaplandLongspur (Calcarius lapponicus). 369 Hawaiian IslandsRegion Photograph/JimBattles. Robert L. Pyle Backcover photograph: Male HoodedOriole (Icterus cucullatus) Photograph/ 371 West Ind•es Region Brent R Paull, AmericanWest Photography Robert L Norton