RECORDS OF THE WESTERN AUSTRALIAN MUSEUM 84 069–100 (2014) DOI: 10.18195/issn.0313-122x.84.2014.069-100 SUPPLEMENT

Kimberley marine biota. Historical data: (Porifera)

Jane Fromont1* and Alison Sampey1

1 Department of Aquatic Zoology, Western Australian Museum, Locked Bag 49, Welshpool DC, Western , 6986 *Email: [email protected]

ABSTRACT – A data compilation of Kimberley species housed in four Australian natural science collection institutions was undertaken by the Western Australian Museum. Just under 40% of the collected data were excluded from the synthesis described here due to insufficient species identifications, however 342 species of sponges are documented. This dataset provides baseline information for future sponge investigations in the region. The majority of the known species were widespread Indo-Pacific with a number of Australian endemics. Collection effort was biased to offshore locations. Comprehensive surveys of inshore marine habitats will provide a greater understanding of sponge diversity and abundance throughout the entire region.

KEYWORDS: natural history collections, species inventory, Kimberley Marine Bioregion, biodiversity, NW Australia, baseline

INTRODUCTION species known from the Kimberley Project Area. Here, we document what is currently known about The importance of utilising natural science sponge diversity in the Project Area. collection datasets to provide baseline biodiversity information to inform conservation Sponges are important as habitat formers, and environmental management decisions is providing protection and food sources for other increasingly being recognised (Pyke and Ehrlich marine organisms in all oceans of the world. They 2010; Costello et al. 2013). Biodiversity research into have a wide range of biological associations with the Kimberley region of Australia is of immense other organisms from microbes to vertebrates value as it is an area with high conservation values (Bell et al. 2013). They perform a variety of and with new and proposed marine parks. There functional roles such as facilitating primary are proposed developments associated with oil and production, eroding carbonate reefs and filtering gas reserves, fishing and aquaculture activities, vast volumes of seawater (Bell 2008; Bell et al. and tourism (Department of Environment and 2013). There is increasing evidence that they are Conservation 2009). The importance of compiling critical in nutrient cycles that occur in the oceans, existing data to provide a baseline to assist with for example in cycling dissolved organic matter characterisation of the assets and values of this in reefs (de Goeij et al. 2013), and nitrogen region was recognised by Wood and Mills (2008). cycling in oligotrophic reefs (Keesing et al. 2013). The Western Australian Museum (WAM) and A recent analysis of bioactivity in Australian other Australian natural science institutions have marine fauna demonstrated that sponges were undertaken marine biodiversity fieldwork in the the most consistently bioactive phylum across all Kimberley Project Area (see Methods), which has bioregions examined (Evans-Illidge et al. 2013). In resulted in specimen collections, but much of the recent times sponges have been recognised as a data and their interpretation are either unpublished critical component of the marine benthos, but in or published in specialist taxonomic literature, many areas their species richness and abundance is and thus not readily accessible to researchers and largely unknown. managers. To address this information gap WAM The collecting of sponges in the Kimberley instigated an extensive data compilation of the Project Area is very recent, from the 1980s 70 J. FROMONT AND A. SAMPEY

TABLE 1 Number of locations, stations, species and families of sponges (Porifera) sampled during expeditions in the Project Area, with data in reports or publications. NB: Only stations that included sponges were counted. *recorded to species or OTU.

Survey Year No. Locations No. Stations No. Species No. Families Reference Offshore

1981, 1986, 1987, 1992 3 32 138 38 Hooper (1994) 2006 4 45 132 31 Fromont and Vanderklift (2009)

Inshore

1991 11 15 19* 11 McCauley et al. (1993) 1997 1 2 28 13 Bryce et al. (1997) 2008 5 15 52 18 Keesing et al. (2011)

onwards, with no major historical surveys to the The aim of this project was to collate the region focussing on this group. Three sponge records of shallow water (<30 m) sponge species studies in the Kimberley have been published: in the Kimberley Project Area, which are verified Hooper (1994), Fromont and Vanderklift (2009) by specimens lodged in Australian museum and Keesing et al. (2011) (Table 1). The Australian collections (1880s–2009), and to comment on spatial Institute of Marine Science (AIMS) Bioactivity Unit distributions and collection gaps of this faunal collected marine invertebrates throughout Western group in the region. Australia, including sponges in the Project Area, and results were documented in an unpublished METHODS report (McCauley et al. 1993). These collections were made in 1991 between Broome and Cape Rulhieres in inshore subtidal habitats by SCUBA STUDY AREA AND COLLECTION SCOPE and intertidal collecting. They are now held in the The Kimberley Project Area is defined by the Queensland Museum, and sponges with adequate coordinates 19.00°S 121.57°E; 19.00°S 118.25°E; species determinations have been included in 12.00°S 129.00°E; 12.00°S 121.00°E. It encompasses this paper. Keesing et al. (2011) reported on the the coast, which forms a natural inshore boundary, sponges collected from inshore subtidal habitats from south of Broome to the WA/NT border in Gourdon Bay and the , with extending beyond the 1000 m bathymetric contour specimens collected utilising an epibenthic dredge to include the shelf edge atolls (Figure 1). We in depths between 11–23 m. Along with the AIMS included all classes of sponges: Hexactinellida, collection and a small diving expedition by WAM Calcarea, Homoscleromorpha and Demospongiae. to Beagle Bay (Bryce et al. 1997), these are the major expeditions to focus on sponges in the inshore The methodology follows that outlined by Kimberley. Other inshore sponge records in this Sampey et al. (2014). Sponge data for the region paper are anecdotal, generally one-off collections, were sourced from the collection databases of not undertaken by sponge experts. Hooper (1994) WAM, Queensland Museum (QM), Australian and Fromont and Vanderklift (2009) focussed on Museum (AM) and Museum and Art Gallery of offshore locations, the first study at Ashmore, Cartier the Northern Territory (MAGNT), and species lists and Hibernia Reefs and the second at Mermaid, from three publications: Hooper (1994), Fromont Scott and Seringapatam Reefs. The first expedition and Vanderklift (2009) and Keesing et al. (2011). targeted shallow subtidal habitats on SCUBA, and Species names were checked using the online the second both subtidal habitats on SCUBA and databases: World Porifera Database (Van Soest intertidal collecting. These are the only studies to et al. 2014), the Australian Faunal Directory date to document the sponges of the offshore reefs (ABRS 2014) and the Zoological Catalogue and atolls of the North West Shelf of WA. (Hooper and Wiedenmayer 1994) to identify the KIMBERLEY MARINE BIOTA. HISTORICAL DATA: SPONGES 71 currently accepted taxonomic name and determine • Temperate South Africa (TSA). Found from biogeographic distributions. Benguela in the west, south and east to Agulhas Many of the sponges from the Project Area have Bank-Natal, including Amsterdam and St. Paul only been assigned to an Operational Taxonomic in the temperate Indian Ocean. Unit (OTU), or morphospecies concept, and have • Western Indo-Pacific (WIP). Found throughout not been examined within the Linnaean system the Red Sea and the East African coast, Western to determine if they are new species or have and Central Indian Ocean. been previously described in historic taxonomic • Eastern Indo-Pacific (EIP). Found throughout literature. OTUs are used for a number of reasons Hawaii, eastern Pacific Islands, Central and outlined in Sampey et al. (2014). In the case of Southeast Polynesia. sponge identifications within the Project Area they indicated one or more of the following: • Temperate Australasia (TA). Found throughout New Zealand and temperate Australia from • the identification was preliminary with no time Shark Bay on the west coast south and east to to study the historic literature; Tweed Heads-Moreton Bay. • the morphological characters differed from the • Central Indo-Pacific (CIP). Here coded as the published descriptions; region encompassing the South China Sea, • the species was outside its known geographic Sunda Shelf, the tropical northwestern and range; and southwestern Pacific and coral triangle. • the taxonomic group requires substantial We separately coded for the following three revision. provinces within this fifth realm: As the Project Area sponges have been examined • Sahul Shelf (SS). Includes the Gulf of Papua, by sponge experts it was assumed each OTU the Arafura Sea, Arnhem coast to Gulf of was consistent and represented a single species, Carpentaria and Bonaparte Gulf. although OTUs have not been checked between • Northeast Australian Shelf (NES). Torres Strait institutions for duplication. Total number of sponge and Great Barrier Reef. species was determined using all named, cf. and OTU species. For biogeographic analyses only • Northwest Australian Shelf (NWS). Broome to sponges with full species names were used. Ningaloo. Within its distribution range a species may be SPATIAL INFORMATION, COLLECTION DETAILS AND restricted to certain habitats, however sponges are MAPPING predominantly found on hard subtidal substrates, with a few adapted to soft sediments and/or Data from all sources were collated into a intertidal habitats. The species in this study were single database and location, and collection not coded for habitat as there are limited habitat details were checked and verified. Full details data for sponges in the area and most of the of this methodology are outlined in Sampey et collecting was by SCUBA or intertidal surveys al. (2014) along with the list of locations, latitude of hard substrates, with little to no focus on soft and longitude where collections occurred in the sediments. Kimberley Project Area. Maps of species richness and sampling effort RESULTS were generated for each main location. Since species richness patterns are highly dependent NUMBER OF SPECIMENS IN COLLECTIONS on sampling effort, we calculated the number of collecting events at a location to provide an A total of 1,071 ‘specimen lots’ of sponges were indication of relative sampling effort. A collecting in the combined collection databases, of these 665 event was defined by the season and year of were retained in the Project Area dataset as they collecting (Sampey et al. 2014). were identified to species, cf. or OTU (Table 2). A ‘specimen lot’ represents one to many individuals BIOGEOGRAPHIC CODING of the same species from the same site with a unique museum registration number. QM and Species were coded for their known WAM had the highest numbers of specimen lots, biogeographic range following the relevant followed closely by MAGNT. A high number of lots categories in Spalding et al. (2007). We coded for the were excluded from the present dataset (406, 38%) following five realms: due to insufficient species identification (Table 2). 72 J. FROMONT AND A. SAMPEY

119°0'E 122°0'E 125°0'E 128°0'E

'S !( 'S

°0 Hibernia Reef °0 12 Ashmore Reef !(!(!(!(!( 12 !(!(!( 100 m Cartier Island

Seringapatam Reef !(!( 050 100 150 200 !( !(!(!( !( !(!(!(!( Browse Island !( Scott Reef !(!(!( !(!( !( kilometres !(!(!( 100 m ± !(

S !( S 0' 50 m 0' 15° 15° !( !(

1000 m !( WYNDHAM !(!( !( !( !( !(!(!( !( !( !( !(!( !(!( Mermaid Reef 30 m !( !(!(!(!( !( !( !(!( !( Clerke Reef !(!( !( DERBY Imperieuse Reef

'S BROOME 'S !(!(!( °0 !( °0 100 m 18 18

!(!(!(!( KIMBERLEY Porifera

50 m 30 m 119°0'E 122°0'E 125°0'E 128°0'E

FIGURE 1 Locations of records of sponge species in the Project Area.The Proect Area boundary is marked in grey. Map projection: GDA94, Scale: 1:6, 250,000.

The oldest records in the databases for Kimberley from Browse Island or the midshelf shoals. The sponges were housed in the WAM, MAGNT and high species richness recorded for the offshore QM collections and were represented by two atolls is related to higher sampling effort in these species Clathria lendenfeldi and Axinyssa sp. collected locations (Tables 1 and 4). We summarised the from Broome in 1961. number of offshore versus inshore locations and stations for five major studies conducted in the SPECIES RICHNESS AND COLLECTING EFFORT Project Area (Table 1). We found that while seven offshore locations had been sampled compared A total of 343 species were recorded in the dataset. to 17 inshore, 77 offshore stations were sampled There were no glass sponges (Hexactinellida), compared to less than half that number (32) inshore. but six species of Calcarea and seven species Overall we found sponges were recorded from of Homoscleromorpha were recorded, with the 33 locations in the Project Area, seven offshore and remaining 330 species all Demospongiae. All 26 inshore localities (Table 4, Figures 1–3). Species major orders of sponges were represented in this richness varied considerably from 101 (at Scott synthesis. The most species rich orders, listed here Reef) to one (at eight inshore locations; Table 4, from most to least species, were the Haplosclerida, Figure 2). This is clearly related to sampling effort, Halichondrida, , Dictyoceratida, which was highly variable, with four collecting Hadromerida and Spirophorida (Table 3). events at Broome and only one collecting event Thirty three of the species were identified as cf. at 29 locations (Table 4, Figure 3). Sponge species taxa (i.e. to a known Linnaean species concept), richness was higher at the seven offshore sites and 205 to OTU-level taxa (Appendix 1a), with than at the inshore locations. For eight of the the remaining 105 recognised as known species. Kimberley inshore sites there was only a single Twenty four of the known species were recorded species of sponge recorded from a single collecting from Kimberley inshore localities, the majority event. No collecting has occurred at Browse Island (65) from the offshore continental edge atolls with (midshelf), or Imperieuse Reef (continental slope), the remaining 16 species found in both areas nor has the eastern Kimberley been adequately (Appendix 1b). No sponges have been collected sampled (Figure 1). KIMBERLEY MARINE BIOTA. HISTORICAL DATA: SPONGES 73

119°0'E 122°0'E 125°0'E 128°0'E

'S !( 'S

°0 Hibernia Reef °0 12 Ashmore Reef !( 12 !( 100 m Cartier Island

Seringapatam Reef !( 050 100 150 200 !( Browse Island !( !( kilometres Scott Reef 100 m !( ± !(

S !( S 0' 50 m 0' 15° 15° !( !(

1000 m !( WYNDHAM

!(!( !( !( !( !( !( !( !( !( !( !(Mermaid Reef !( !( !( Clerke Reef !( !( !( DERBY Porifera Imperieuse Reef Species Richness

'S BROOME 'S !( °0 !( !( °0 100 m 1 31 - 40 18 18 !( !( !( 2 - 10 51 - 100 !( 11 - 20 !( 101 - 500 KIMBERLEY !( 21 - 30 !( 500 +

50 m 119°0'E 122°0'E 125°0'E 128°0'E

FIGURE 2 Species richness of sponges for each main location in the Project Area. Map projection: GDA94, Scale: 1:6, 250,000.

119°0'E 122°0'E 125°0'E 128°0'E

'S !( 'S

°0 Hibernia Reef °0 12 Ashmore Reef !( 12 !( 100 m Cartier Island

Seringapatam Reef !( 050 100 150 200 !( Browse Island !( !( kilometres Scott Reef 100 m !( ± !(

S !( S 0' 50 m 0' 15° 15° !( !(

1000 m !( WYNDHAM

!(!( !( !( !( !( !( !( !( !( !( !(Mermaid Reef 30 m !( !( !( Clerke Reef !( !( !( DERBY Imperieuse Reef Porifera

'S BROOME 'S !( °0 No. of Collecting Events °0 100 m 18 18 !( !( !( 1 6 - 10 !( 2 !( 11 - 20 KIMBERLEY !( 3 - 5 !( 21 +

50 m 30 m 119°0'E 122°0'E 125°0'E 128°0'E

FIGURE 3 Number of collecting events for sponges at each main location for which there are collections. This was based on a count of the season code and provides an indication of sampling effort. Map projection: GDA94, Scale: 1:6, 250,000. 74 J. FROMONT AND A. SAMPEY

TABLE 2 Number of specimen lots of Project Area TABLE 4 Species richness and number of collecting sponges housed in Australian collections. events at each location in the Project Area. Included are those lots identified to species or OTU (able to be distinguished as a separate species) and excluded are Species Collecting those lots incompletely identified. Location Richness Events Offshore Scott Reef 101 2 Collection Included Excluded Total Cartier Island 75 1 AM 2 9 11 Mermaid Reef 59 1 Ashmore Reef 53 3 QM 238 132 370 Hibernia Reef 44 1 MAGNT 60 265 325 Seringapatam Reef 39 1 Clerke Reef 15 1 WAM 365 0 365

Total 665 406 1071 Inshore Quondong Point 35 1 Beagle Bay 33 3 TABLE 3 Number of species in each class and order Packer Island 23 1 of sponges in the Project Area. Gourdon Bay 18 1 Pender Bay 10 1 Broome 7 4 Class/Order No. of species Eclipse Shoals 7 1 Cape Latouche Treville 4 1 Calcarea 6 Fenelon Island 4 1 Homoscleromorpha 7 Grey Shoal 4 1 Demospongiae 330 Heritage Reef 4 1 Spirophorida 19 Tangier Shoals 3 1 Astrophorida 15 2 1 Lord Mayor Shoal 2 1 Hadromerida 28 Cockatoo Island 2 1 Chondrosida 3 Colbert Island 2 1 Lithistids 4 Cone Bay 2 1 Halichondrida 58 Vansittart Bay 2 1 Poecilosclerida 55 Green Island 1 1 Jamieson Reef 1 1 Agelasida 2 King Sound 1 1 Haplosclerida 84 Talboys Rock 1 1 Dictyoceratida 42 Cape Leveque 1 1 4 Champagny Island 1 1 Verongida 16 George Water 1 1 Gibbings Island 1 1 Total 343

BIOGEOGRAPHY offshore (11 species, 69%) were widespread Indo- Pacific species (Table 5). Of the 105 known species reported from the Kimberley two thirds were wide ranging Indo- Endemic Australian species were proportionally Pacific species with 68 (65%) in this category, highest at the inshore locations with 12 species and 31 species (30%) Australian endemics (Table (50%) reported, while 14 endemic species (22%) 5). Forty six (71%) of the offshore species were were reported offshore including six (43%) of those widespread Indo-Pacific species, almost half of the species considered to be temperate Australian. Five inshore species were widespread (11 species, 46%), species (31%) that occurred in both locations were and the majority of those found both inshore and Australian endemics. KIMBERLEY MARINE BIOTA. HISTORICAL DATA: SPONGES 75

TABLE 5 Number of species with each biogeographic code. Codes are defined in the Methods.

Biogeographic Code Inshore and offshore Inshore only Offshore only WIDESPREAD WIP 1 4 CIP 4 TSA/WIP/NWS/SS/NES/CIP/EIP 1 TA/WIP/NWS/SS/NES/CIP 1 1 3 TA/WIP/NWS/SS/CIP/EIP 1 TA/WIP/NWS/NES/CIP/EIP 1 TA/WIP/NWS/SS/CIP 1 1 TA/WIP/NWS 2 TA/WIP 2 TA/NWS/SS/NES/CIP 1 TA/NWS/NES/CIP 2 WIP/NWS 1 WIP/NWS/SS 1 WIP/NWS/SS/NES/CIP 4 1 4 WIP/NWS/SS/CIP 1 1 WIP/NWS/NES/CIP 2 4 WIP/NWS/NES/CIP/EIP 1 WIP/NWS/CIP 4 WIP/NWS/CIP/EIP 1 WIP/NES/CIP 2 WIP/NES 1 NWS/NES/CIP 3 NWS/CIP 1 5 NWS/SS/CIP 1 2 NWS/SS/NES/CIP 1 1 Widespread Total 11 11 46

AUSTRALIAN ENDEMIC TA/NWS/SS/NES 2 2 TA/NWS/SS 1 3 TA/NWS 2 2 NWS/SS/NES 1 1 NWS/SS 1 3 NWS/NES 2 1 NES 1 NWS 2 1 TA 6 Endemic Total 5 12 14

OTHER TSA 1 Other 1 4 Other Total 1 5 Grand Total 16 24 65 76 J. FROMONT AND A. SAMPEY

DISCUSSION (395 species, Hooper et al. 2002; and 283 species, Przeslawski et al. 2014). Sponge diversity in the Zoological collections are important tools Project Area is likely to increase substantially with for providing historical baseline biodiversity inshore collecting. and ecological data, as well as contributing to determining biotic and human impacts on marine To date, almost two thirds of the known, environments. The knowledge of the Western described sponge species reported from the Australian tropical sponge fauna has increased Kimberley Project Area were widespread Indo- markedly in recent years (Fromont 2003, 2004; Pacific and almost one third Australian endemics. Fromont et al. 2006; Fromont and Vanderklift 2009; Six of the 14 endemic species reported offshore Keesing et al. 2011; Schönberg and Fromont 2011), were temperate Australian endemics (see Table 5). yet knowledge of the Kimberley sponge fauna This is unusual, and the species require further has lagged behind other better studied tropical taxonomic study to determine if they are truly regions, such as the Pilbara and Ningaloo in WA. this widespread or whether they represent sibling The specimen data collated in this study provides species. a historical baseline to assist current and future The large number of sponges assigned to cf. sponge biodiversity studies being conducted in the or OTU demonstrates the enormous task of region. documenting these species. Hooper et al. (2013) The majority of the species collected in the Project recognised the need to compile sponge OTUs into Area were from offshore atolls, largely due to the an online workspace (www.spongemaps.org) where work done by Hooper on Ashmore, Cartier and sponge taxonomists can compare and standardise Hibernia Reefs (Hooper 1994), and by Fromont on this interim nomenclature at a national to ocean Mermaid, Scott and Seringapatam Reefs (Fromont basin scale (Hall 2013). and Vanderklift 2009). Fewer species were reported Comprehensive sampling of Project Area marine from inshore locations due largely to sponges not habitats for sponges has only been undertaken being targeted for research until very recently offshore. It is anticipated this synthesis will (Bryce et al. 1997; Keesing et al. 2011). Midshelf facilitate future surveys in the region, and that habitats remain largely unexplored, and no sponges current survey work documenting species from have been reported from these localities. inshore locations will assist with filling collection Species composition differed between offshore gaps. In the future it is hoped that a more complete and onshore sites with 16 known species occurring picture of sponge distributions and abundances in in both areas, and the majority of the species being the Kimberley region will be realised. recorded at offshore localities. Many of the species found offshore are known species such ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS as Pericharax heterorhapis, Rhabdastrella globostellata, Thanks to John Hooper for collecting a significant foliascens and Clathria (Thalysias) proportion of the specimens contained in this reinwardti. These species are also likely to be found dataset. Thanks to Stacey Osborne and Albert in the more turbid inshore reef systems as effort in Miles for databasing the unregistered Kimberley these locations is increased. material in WAM collections and for checking The differences in species richness are largely the taxonomic and spatial information in this dataset. result of collecting effort, which was not comparable We are also grateful to Holly Winkle for checking between inshore and offshore locations. Although the biogeographic coding of the species, and for the more inshore locations had sponges collected from technical support provided by Oliver Gomez. Many them (26 inshore versus seven offshore), more than thanks to Drs John Hooper, Christine Schönberg twice as many stations were sampled offshore and Belinda Alvarez for their helpful comments on compared to inshore (see Table 1) resulting in lower the manuscript. species diversity reported inshore. 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A turning of the tide: science CSIRO Publishing: , Australia. for decisions in the Kimberley-Browse marine region. Hooper, J.N.A., Kennedy, J. A. and Quinn, R.J. (2002). Perth, Western Australia, Western Australian Marine Biodiversity ‘hotspots’, patterns of richness and Science Institute: Perth, Western Australia. endemism, and taxonomic affinities of tropical Australian sponges (Porifera). Biodiversity and Conservation 11: 851–885. MANUSCRIPT RECEIVED 9 JUNE 2014; ACCEPTED 12 SEPTEMBER 2014

78 J. FROMONT AND A. SAMPEY

Vansittart Bay Vansittart

Tangier Shoals Tangier

Talboys Rock Talboys

Quondong Point Quondong

Pender Bay Pender

Packer Island Packer

Lord Mayor Shoal Mayor Lord

Lacepede Islands Lacepede

King Sound King

Jamieson Reef Jamieson

Heritage Reef Heritage Grey Shoal Grey

1

Green Island Green

Gourdon Bay Gourdon Gibbings Island Gibbings

Kimberley Coast George Water George Fenelon Island Fenelon

1

Eclipse Shoals Eclipse

Cone Bay Cone Colbert Island Colbert

1 Cockatoo Island Cockatoo

1

Champagny Island Champagny

Cape Leveque Cape

Cape Latouche Treville Latouche Cape

Broome

Beagle Bay Beagle Mermaid Reef Mermaid

1 Clerke Reef Clerke

1

Seringapatam Reef Seringapatam Scott Reef Scott

1 1 1 11 1 1 1 1 1

Hibernia Reef Hibernia

Offshore Atolls Island Cartier

1 1 Ashmore Reef Ashmore 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Lendenfeld, 1907 All sponge taxa included in the Project Area dataset, including known species, those identified to cf. and those with a unique OTU. unique those with a and to cf. identified species, those dataset,Area including known taxasponge All the Project included in sp. 13 sp. 12 sp. 11 sp. 11 sp. 2

sp. NW1 sp. NW1 sp. 776 sp. NW1 Calcarea sp. NW2Calcarea Calcarea sp. NW1Calcarea Corticium Plakina Plakinastrella mammillaris Plakinastrella Muricy, 2010 Plakortis communis Muricy, Plakortis nigra Lévi, 1953 Leucetta Calcarea sp. NW3Calcarea Cinachyra Cinachyra Plakortis Plakortis sp. NW2 Cinachyra Poléjaeff, 1883 Poléjaeff, Pericharax heteroraphis Dendya Taxa CALCAREA HOMOSCLEROMORPHA Order: Homosclerophorida Family: Plakinidae Order: Clathrinida Family: Leucettidae DEMOSPONGIAE Order: Spirophorida Family: Tetillidae Family: Soleneiscidae APPENDIX 1

KIMBERLEY MARINE BIOTA. HISTORICAL DATA: SPONGES 79

Vansittart Bay Vansittart

Tangier Shoals Tangier

Talboys Rock Talboys Quondong Point Quondong

1 1

Pender Bay Pender Packer Island Packer

1 1 Lord Mayor Shoal Mayor Lord

1

Lacepede Islands Lacepede

King Sound King Jamieson Reef Jamieson

1 Heritage Reef Heritage

1 Grey Shoal Grey

1

Green Island Green

Gourdon Bay Gourdon Gibbings Island Gibbings

1

Kimberley Coast George Water George Fenelon Island Fenelon

1

Eclipse Shoals Eclipse

Cone Bay Cone

Colbert Island Colbert

Cockatoo Island Cockatoo Champagny Island Champagny

1

Cape Leveque Cape

Cape Latouche Treville Latouche Cape Broome

1 Beagle Bay Beagle

1 1 1 Mermaid Reef Mermaid

1 Clerke Reef Clerke

1 Seringapatam Reef Seringapatam

1 Scott Reef Scott

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

Hibernia Reef Hibernia

Offshore Atolls Island Cartier

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Ashmore Reef Ashmore 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 (Carter, 1883) (Carter, sp. K1 sp. 333 sp. 1091 sp. 7b sp. K1 sp. 21 sp. 14 sp. 797 sp. 1105 sp. 1105 sp. NW1 sp. 402 sp. 13 sp. 1005 sp. 3 sp. NW1 sp. 1093 Tanita, 1965 Stelletta splendens Tanita, Cinachyrella Cinachyrella Cinachyra Cinachyra Cinachyra Cinachyra Rhabdastrella globostellata Rhabdastrella Stelletta Ridley, 1884 Stelletta clavosa Ridley, Stelletta Cinachyrella enigmatica (Burton, 1934) Cinachyrella 1891) schulzei (Keller, Cinachyrella (Carter, 1886) australiensis (Carter, Cinachyrella Jaspis Melophlus sarasinorum Thiele, 1899 Melophlus Tetilla Tetilla 1884) Disyringa dissimilis cf. (Ridley, Jaspis Ancorina Paratetilla sp. NW1 sp. BB1 Tetilla Craniella Craniella Craniella (Pulitzer-Finali, 1983) (Pulitzer-Finali, tarentina Cinachyrella Cinachyrella? Taxa Order: Astrophorida Family: Ancorinidae

80 J. FROMONT AND A. SAMPEY Vansittart Bay Vansittart

1 1

Tangier Shoals Tangier

Talboys Rock Talboys Quondong Point Quondong

1 Pender Bay Pender

1 1 Packer Island Packer

1 1 1 1 1

Lord Mayor Shoal Mayor Lord Lacepede Islands Lacepede

1 1

King Sound King

Jamieson Reef Jamieson Heritage Reef Heritage

1 Grey Shoal Grey

1 1

Green Island Green Gourdon Bay Gourdon

1 1 1 Gibbings Island Gibbings

Kimberley Coast George Water George

1

Fenelon Island Fenelon Eclipse Shoals Eclipse

1 Cone Bay Cone

1 1

Colbert Island Colbert

Cockatoo Island Cockatoo

Champagny Island Champagny

Cape Leveque Cape

Cape Latouche Treville Latouche Cape Broome

1 1 Beagle Bay Beagle

1 1 1 Mermaid Reef Mermaid

1 1

Clerke Reef Clerke Seringapatam Reef Seringapatam

1 1 1 Scott Reef Scott

1 1 1

Hibernia Reef Hibernia

Offshore Atolls Island Cartier

1 1 1 1 1 1 Ashmore Reef Ashmore 1 (Ridley, 1884) (Ridley, Schönberg, 2000 Schönberg, sp. K2 sp. K3 sp. K1 1097 sp. 1 Wilson, 1925 sp. 1 Wilson, sp. sp. K1 sp. 17 sp. 8 2781 2782 Pione velans Hentschel, 1909 Cliona tinctoria cf. Pione Pione Pione lampa (de Laubenfels, 1950) Spheciospongia Spheciospongia Cliona celata Grant, 1826 1886 Cliona dissimilis Ridley & Dendy, Cliona Cliona sp. NW1 Cliona Cliona orientalis Thiele, 1900 Cliona Spheciospongia Erylus lendenfeldi cf. Sollas, 1888 cf. Adams & Hooper, 2001 Adams & Hooper, Erylus amissus cf. Geodia Hemiasterella Hemiasterella Brachiaster 1886 Spheciospongia papillosa Ridley & Dendy, Spheciospongia vagabunda 1879 Axos flabelliformis Carter, Order: Hadromerida Family: Clionaidae Family: Geodiidae Family: Pachastrellidae Family: Hemiasterellidae Taxa

KIMBERLEY MARINE BIOTA. HISTORICAL DATA: SPONGES 81

Vansittart Bay Vansittart

Tangier Shoals Tangier

Talboys Rock Talboys

Quondong Point Quondong

Pender Bay Pender Packer Island Packer

1 1 1 Lord Mayor Shoal Mayor Lord

1

Lacepede Islands Lacepede

King Sound King

Jamieson Reef Jamieson

Heritage Reef Heritage

Grey Shoal Grey

Green Island Green Gourdon Bay Gourdon

1 1 Gibbings Island Gibbings

Kimberley Coast George Water George Fenelon Island Fenelon

1 Eclipse Shoals Eclipse

1

Cone Bay Cone

Colbert Island Colbert

Cockatoo Island Cockatoo

Champagny Island Champagny

Cape Leveque Cape

Cape Latouche Treville Latouche Cape

Broome

Beagle Bay Beagle

Mermaid Reef Mermaid Clerke Reef Clerke

1

Seringapatam Reef Seringapatam Scott Reef Scott

1 1 1 1 1 1 Hibernia Reef Hibernia

1

Offshore Atolls Island Cartier

1 1 1 1 1 1 Ashmore Reef Ashmore 1 cf. Gray, 1867 cf. Gray, sp. 599 sp. WA1 sp. WA1 sp. 1083 sp. WA1 sp. WA1 sp. 634 sp. 939 sp. NW1 Tethya Tethya Tethya Tethya Suberites (Schmidt, 1864) Sara & Sara, 2002 Anthotethya fromontae Placospongia Placospongia melobesioides Spirastrella Suberites Chondrosia Chondrosia Halisarca dujardini Johnston, 1842 Halisarca Discodermia discifera (Lendenfeld, 1907) Carter, 1873 Chondrilla australiensis Carter, 1925 Theonella cylindrica Wilson, Theonella levior Lendenfeld, 1907 Gray, 1868 Theonella swinhoei Gray, Order: Chondrosida Taxa Family: Placospongiidae Family: Spirastrellidae Family: Chondrillidae Family: Family: Tethyidae Family: Halisarcidae Order: Lithistida Family: Theonellidae

82 J. FROMONT AND A. SAMPEY

Vansittart Bay Vansittart

Tangier Shoals Tangier

Talboys Rock Talboys Quondong Point Quondong

1 1 1

Pender Bay Pender Packer Island Packer

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

Lord Mayor Shoal Mayor Lord

Lacepede Islands Lacepede

King Sound King

Jamieson Reef Jamieson

Heritage Reef Heritage

Grey Shoal Grey

Green Island Green Gourdon Bay Gourdon

1 1 1 1 Gibbings Island Gibbings

Kimberley Coast George Water George

Fenelon Island Fenelon Eclipse Shoals Eclipse

1

Cone Bay Cone

Colbert Island Colbert

Cockatoo Island Cockatoo

Champagny Island Champagny

Cape Leveque Cape

Cape Latouche Treville Latouche Cape

Broome Beagle Bay Beagle

1 1 1 1 1 Mermaid Reef Mermaid

1 Clerke Reef Clerke

1

Seringapatam Reef Seringapatam Scott Reef Scott

1 1 1

Hibernia Reef Hibernia

Offshore Atolls Island Cartier

1 1 1 1 Ashmore Reef Ashmore 1 1 1 1

sp. 2 sp. 1 sp. K1 sp. BB1 sp. K1 sp. BB1 sp. K5 sp. NW2 sp. NW3 sp. K4 sp. K3 sp. K2 sp. K1 sp. BB1 sp. 774 sp. 1089 sp. NW1 Axinella stipitata Cymbastela Axinella Axinella Axinella Axinella Axinella Dendy, 1889 Axinella labyrinthica Dendy, Axinella Axinella Cymbastela vespertina cf. Axinella aruensis (Hentschel, 1912) Axinella Axinella (Bergquist & Tizard, 1967) & Tizard, (Bergquist 1992 Hooper & Bergquist, Reniochalina stalagmitis Lendenfeld, 1888 Reniochalina Reniochalina (Dendy, 1905) durissimum (Dendy, Phakellia (Bergquist, 1970) Dragmacidon australe (Bergquist, Cymbastela Taxa Order: Halichondrida Family: Axinellidae

KIMBERLEY MARINE BIOTA. HISTORICAL DATA: SPONGES 83

Vansittart Bay Vansittart

Tangier Shoals Tangier

Talboys Rock Talboys

Quondong Point Quondong

Pender Bay Pender Packer Island Packer

1 1 1 1

Lord Mayor Shoal Mayor Lord

Lacepede Islands Lacepede

King Sound King

Jamieson Reef Jamieson

Heritage Reef Heritage

Grey Shoal Grey

Green Island Green Gourdon Bay Gourdon

1 Gibbings Island Gibbings

Kimberley Coast George Water George

Fenelon Island Fenelon Eclipse Shoals Eclipse

1

Cone Bay Cone

Colbert Island Colbert

Cockatoo Island Cockatoo

Champagny Island Champagny

Cape Leveque Cape

Cape Latouche Treville Latouche Cape Broome

1 Beagle Bay Beagle

1

Mermaid Reef Mermaid Clerke Reef Clerke

1 1

Seringapatam Reef Seringapatam Scott Reef Scott

1 111 1 1 1 1 1

Hibernia Reef Hibernia

Offshore Atolls Island Cartier

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Ashmore Reef Ashmore 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1101 1101 778 786 802 805 sp. K1 sp. NW1 sp. NW2 sp. NW3 sp. BB1 sp. SS3 sp. 799 sp. 1059 sp. K1 sp.? Higginsia mixta cf. Hentschel, 1912 Higginsia scabra Whitelegge, 1907 Higginsia Epipolasis Dendy, 1922 cavernosa Dendy, 1886 Acanthella pulcherrima Ridley & Dendy, Axinyssa Ciocalypta Ciocalypta Halichondria (Halichondria) Halichondria (Halichondria) Halichondria (Halichondria) Halichondria (Halichondria) Halichondria (Halichondria) Halichondria (Halichondria) Halichondria Halichondria Halichondria Phakettia euctimena (Hentschel, 1912) 1889) carteri (Dendy, Higginsia (Bergquist, 1970) Acanthella dendyi (Bergquist, (Dendy, 1922) Stylissa conulosa (Dendy, Stylissa flabelliformis (Hentschel, 1912) 1887) Stylissa massa (Carter, Family: Desmoxyidae Family: Dictyonellidae Family: Halichondriidae Taxa

84 J. FROMONT AND A. SAMPEY

Vansittart Bay Vansittart

Tangier Shoals Tangier Talboys Rock Talboys

1

Quondong Point Quondong

Pender Bay Pender

Packer Island Packer

Lord Mayor Shoal Mayor Lord

Lacepede Islands Lacepede

King Sound King

Jamieson Reef Jamieson

Heritage Reef Heritage

Grey Shoal Grey Green Island Green

1

Gourdon Bay Gourdon Gibbings Island Gibbings

Kimberley Coast George Water George

Fenelon Island Fenelon

Eclipse Shoals Eclipse

Cone Bay Cone

Colbert Island Colbert

Cockatoo Island Cockatoo

Champagny Island Champagny

Cape Leveque Cape

Cape Latouche Treville Latouche Cape

Broome

Beagle Bay Beagle Mermaid Reef Mermaid

1 1 1 1

Clerke Reef Clerke Seringapatam Reef Seringapatam

1 1 1 Scott Reef Scott

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Hibernia Reef Hibernia

1

Offshore Atolls Island Cartier

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Ashmore Reef Ashmore 1 (Esper, 1794) (Esper, sp. 1092 sp. NW1 sp. NW2 sp. NW3 sp. NW4 sp. NW5 sp. NW3 sp. NW1 sp. NW2 sp. 1096 sp. NW1 sp. 793 (Dendy, 1922) Monanchora unguiculata (Dendy, spinulata (Hentschel, 1911) (Yvesia) Crella Chondropsis Chondropsis Biemna Chondropsis Chondropsis Chondropsis 1897) Biemna fortis cf. (Topsent, Halichondria Myrmekioderma granulatum Batzella Biemna Halichondria Hymeniacidon Myrmekioderma (Ridley & Dendy, 1886) Didiscus aceratus (Ridley & Dendy, Hymeniacidon Halichondrida (Row, 1911) Myrmekioderma niveum (Row, Ridley, 1884 Acarnus ternatus Ridley, cf. (Carter, 1879) Zyzzya fuliginosa cf. (Carter, cf. Schönberg, 2000 Zyzzya criceta cf. Schönberg, Family: Crambeidae Family: Crellidae Family: Chondropsidae Family: Desmacellidae Taxa Family: Heteroxyidae Order: Poeciosclerida Family: Acarnidae

KIMBERLEY MARINE BIOTA. HISTORICAL DATA: SPONGES 85

Vansittart Bay Vansittart

Tangier Shoals Tangier

Talboys Rock Talboys Quondong Point Quondong

1 1

Pender Bay Pender Packer Island Packer

1 1

Lord Mayor Shoal Mayor Lord

Lacepede Islands Lacepede

King Sound King

Jamieson Reef Jamieson

Heritage Reef Heritage

Grey Shoal Grey

Green Island Green Gourdon Bay Gourdon

1 1 Gibbings Island Gibbings

Kimberley Coast George Water George

Fenelon Island Fenelon

Eclipse Shoals Eclipse

Cone Bay Cone

Colbert Island Colbert

Cockatoo Island Cockatoo

Champagny Island Champagny

Cape Leveque Cape

Cape Latouche Treville Latouche Cape Broome

1

Beagle Bay Beagle Mermaid Reef Mermaid

1 1

Clerke Reef Clerke

Seringapatam Reef Seringapatam Scott Reef Scott

1 1 1 1 1 1 Hibernia Reef Hibernia

1 1

Offshore Atolls Island Cartier

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Ashmore Reef Ashmore 1 1 1 1 1 1

cf.

Vosmaer, 1880 Vosmaer, Ridley, 1884 Ridley, (Lamarck, 1814) (Lamarck, sp. 1098 (Hentschel, 1912) Hooper, 1996 Hooper, cf. (Carter, 1883) cf. (Carter, sp. 800 sp. NW1 sp. NW3 sp. NW2 sp. NW2 Hymedesmia (Hymedesmia) Biemna Coelocarteria singaporensis Antho (Acarnia) ridleyi (Hentschel, 1912) aceratoobtusaClathria (Microciona) Clathria (Thalysias) abietina Clathria (Thalysias) cactiformis Clathria (Thalysias) cervicornis Clathria (Thalysias) coppingeri Clathria (Thalysias) lendenfeldi Clathria (Thalysias) reinwardti Clathria (Thalysias) tingens Clathria (Thalysias) toxifera Desmapsamma Ridley, 1884 baculifera Ridley, Iotrochota Ridley & Dendy, 1886 Ridley & Dendy, Clathria Clathria (Thiele, 1903) Clathria (Lamarck, 1814) (Lamarck, (Carter, 1887) (Carter, (Carter, 1886) coccinea (Carter, Iotrochota cf. (Carter, 1886) coccinea cf. (Carter, Iotrochota Family: Hymedesmiidae Family: Taxa Family: Iotrochotidae Family: Isodictyidae

86 J. FROMONT AND A. SAMPEY

Vansittart Bay Vansittart

Tangier Shoals Tangier

Talboys Rock Talboys Quondong Point Quondong

1 1 1 1

Pender Bay Pender Packer Island Packer

1 1 1 1 1 1 1

Lord Mayor Shoal Mayor Lord

Lacepede Islands Lacepede King Sound King

1

Jamieson Reef Jamieson

Heritage Reef Heritage

Grey Shoal Grey

Green Island Green Gourdon Bay Gourdon

1 1 1 1 Gibbings Island Gibbings

Kimberley Coast George Water George

Fenelon Island Fenelon Eclipse Shoals Eclipse

1 1

Cone Bay Cone

Colbert Island Colbert

Cockatoo Island Cockatoo

Champagny Island Champagny

Cape Leveque Cape Cape Latouche Treville Latouche Cape

1

Broome Beagle Bay Beagle

1 1 1 1 1

Mermaid Reef Mermaid

Clerke Reef Clerke Seringapatam Reef Seringapatam

1 Scott Reef Scott

1 1 1 Hibernia Reef Hibernia

1 1

Offshore Atolls Island Cartier Ashmore Reef Ashmore 1 1 1 1 cf. Hooper, 1991 Hooper, Dendy, 1896 Dendy, sp. K1 (Lamarck, 1814) (Lamarck,

(Lamarck, 1814) (Lamarck, Hentschel, 1911

1 , 1884 sp. NW1 sp. NW1 sp. BB1 cf. Ridley sp. NW1 cf. Hentschel, 191 Echinochalina Echinoclathria Mycale (Arenochalina) sp. 795Mycale (Arenochalina) Echinochalina Mycale (Carmia) sp. 239 Mycale Echinochalina (Echinochalina) intermedia Echinochalina (Echinochalina) Echinodictyum cancellatum Echinodictyum clathrioides Echinodictyum mesenterinum 1814) Ectyoplasia tabula (Lamarck, 1991 Ectyoplasia vannus Hooper, melanorhops Raspailia (Clathriodendron) 1991 Hooper, Raspailia (Parasyringella) Raspailia (Parasyringella) Raspailia (Raspailia) phakellopsis Raspailia (Raspailia) vestigifera Raspailia (Raspaxillla) sp. BB1 Thrinacophora cervicornis cf. 1882 flabelliforme Carter, Trikentrion clathrata nuda 1886 Ridley & Dendy, (Whitelegge, 1902) Family: Mycalidae Family: Raspailiidae Taxa

KIMBERLEY MARINE BIOTA. HISTORICAL DATA: SPONGES 87

Vansittart Bay Vansittart

Tangier Shoals Tangier

Talboys Rock Talboys Quondong Point Quondong

1 1 1

Pender Bay Pender Packer Island Packer

1 1

Lord Mayor Shoal Mayor Lord

Lacepede Islands Lacepede

King Sound King

Jamieson Reef Jamieson Heritage Reef Heritage

1

Grey Shoal Grey

Green Island Green

Gourdon Bay Gourdon Gibbings Island Gibbings

Kimberley Coast George Water George

Fenelon Island Fenelon

Eclipse Shoals Eclipse

Cone Bay Cone

Colbert Island Colbert

Cockatoo Island Cockatoo

Champagny Island Champagny Cape Leveque Cape

1 Cape Latouche Treville Latouche Cape

1

Broome

Beagle Bay Beagle

Mermaid Reef Mermaid

Clerke Reef Clerke

Seringapatam Reef Seringapatam Scott Reef Scott

1 1 1 1 1 1 Hibernia Reef Hibernia

1

Offshore Atolls Island Cartier

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Ashmore Reef Ashmore 1 1

102 755 791 803 938 sp. K1 cf. aerizusa sp. K1 cf. sp. NW2 sp. NW1 sp. K1 Callyspongia Callyspongia cf. Dendy, 1905 indica cf. Dendy, Rhabderemia 1900 willeyana Lister, Astrosclera Arenosclera Callyspongia (Callyspongia) Callyspongia (Callyspongia) Callyspongia (Callyspongia) Callyspongia (Callyspongia) Callyspongia (Callyspongia) Callyspongia (Callyspongia) confoederata 1884) (Ridley, Callyspongia (Callyspongia) Callyspongia (Cladochalina) 1984 Desqueyroux-Faúndez, schulzei Callyspongia (Toxochalina) (Kieschnick, 1900) Callyspongia (Toxochalina) (Carter, 1883) Agelas mauritiana (Carter, Family: Rhabderemiidea anhelans (Tedania) Tedania Family: Astroscleridae Family: Callyspongiidae Taxa Family: Tedaniidae Order: Haplosclerida (Lieberkühn, 1859) Order: Agelasida Family: Agelasidae

88 J. FROMONT AND A. SAMPEY

Vansittart Bay Vansittart

Tangier Shoals Tangier

Talboys Rock Talboys

Quondong Point Quondong

Pender Bay Pender

Packer Island Packer

Lord Mayor Shoal Mayor Lord

Lacepede Islands Lacepede

King Sound King

Jamieson Reef Jamieson Heritage Reef Heritage

1

Grey Shoal Grey

Green Island Green

Gourdon Bay Gourdon Gibbings Island Gibbings

Kimberley Coast George Water George

Fenelon Island Fenelon

Eclipse Shoals Eclipse

Cone Bay Cone Colbert Island Colbert

1

Cockatoo Island Cockatoo

Champagny Island Champagny

Cape Leveque Cape

Cape Latouche Treville Latouche Cape Broome

1

Beagle Bay Beagle Mermaid Reef Mermaid

1 1 1 1 Clerke Reef Clerke

1 Seringapatam Reef Seringapatam

1 Scott Reef Scott

1 1 1 1 1 11 1 1 1 1 1 11 1 1 1

Hibernia Reef Hibernia

Offshore Atolls Island Cartier

1 1 1 Ashmore Reef Ashmore 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 (Esper, 1794) (Esper, (Lévi, 1961) sp. NW3 sp. NW4 sp. NW5 sp. NW6 sp. NW1 sp. NW3 sp. NW4 sp. NW5 sp. NW9 (Dendy, 1922) Chalinula confusa (Dendy, Callyspongia Haliclona (Gellius) amboinensis Haliclona (Gellius) cymaeformis Callyspongia Callyspongia Callyspongia Haliclona (Haliclona) sp. 384 Haliclona (Haliclona) sp. 1022 Haliclona (Haliclona) sp. 945 Haliclona (Reniera) sp. 789 Haliclona (Reniera) sp. 801 Haliclona (Reniera) sp. NW2 Haliclona (Reniera) sp. NW6 Haliclona (Reniera) sp. NW7 Haliclona (Reniera) sp. NW8 de Laubenfels, 1954 Haliclona koremella Haliclona Haliclona sp. NW10 Haliclona Haliclona Haliclona Haliclona 1993 Amphimedon paraviridis Fromont, Fromont, 1993 Amphimedon lamellata Fromont, Haliclona viola cf. Hoshino, 1981 Family: Chalinidae Taxa Family: Niphatidae

KIMBERLEY MARINE BIOTA. HISTORICAL DATA: SPONGES 89

Vansittart Bay Vansittart

Tangier Shoals Tangier

Talboys Rock Talboys

Quondong Point Quondong

Pender Bay Pender

Packer Island Packer

Lord Mayor Shoal Mayor Lord

Lacepede Islands Lacepede

King Sound King

Jamieson Reef Jamieson

Heritage Reef Heritage

Grey Shoal Grey

Green Island Green

Gourdon Bay Gourdon Gibbings Island Gibbings

Kimberley Coast George Water George

Fenelon Island Fenelon

Eclipse Shoals Eclipse

Cone Bay Cone

Colbert Island Colbert Cockatoo Island Cockatoo

1

Champagny Island Champagny

Cape Leveque Cape

Cape Latouche Treville Latouche Cape

Broome Beagle Bay Beagle

1 Mermaid Reef Mermaid

1 1 Clerke Reef Clerke

1

Seringapatam Reef Seringapatam Scott Reef Scott

1 1 1 1 1 111 1 1 1 1 11 1 1 Hibernia Reef Hibernia

1

Offshore Atolls Island Cartier

1 1 11 11 11 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Ashmore Reef Ashmore 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

Lindgren, 1897 Lindgren, sp. NW1 sp. NW2 sp. 881 sp. NW1 sp. 792 cf. (Dendy, 1905) cf. (Dendy, sp. BB1 sp. 777 sp. 619 sp. 555 sp. NW1 sp. NW4 sp. NW3 sp. NW5 Amphimedon Amphimedon Cribrochalina ashmoricaAcanthostrongylophora nigricans (Petrosia) Petrosia (Strongylophora) Petrosia (Strongylophora) Petrosia (Strongylophora) Petrosia strongylata (Strongylophora) Petrosia durissima Hooper, 1984 Hooper, Neopetrosia exigua (Kirkpatrick, 1900) Neopetrosia Petrosia (Petrosia) sp. 1095 (Petrosia) Petrosia sp. 1103 (Petrosia) Petrosia sp. 113 (Petrosia) Petrosia cf. Thiele, 1903 cf. Fromont, 1993 Niphates nitida cf. Fromont, Niphates olemda (de Laubenfels, 1954) Niphates Niphates Niphates Niphates Gelliodes Gelliodes Gelliodes 1881) Gelliodes fibulata (Carter, Gelliodes Taxa Family: Petrosiidae

90 J. FROMONT AND A. SAMPEY

Vansittart Bay Vansittart

Tangier Shoals Tangier

Talboys Rock Talboys Quondong Point Quondong

1 Pender Bay Pender

1 Packer Island Packer

1 1 1

Lord Mayor Shoal Mayor Lord

Lacepede Islands Lacepede

King Sound King

Jamieson Reef Jamieson

Heritage Reef Heritage

Grey Shoal Grey

Green Island Green Gourdon Bay Gourdon

1 Gibbings Island Gibbings

Kimberley Coast George Water George Fenelon Island Fenelon

1

Eclipse Shoals Eclipse

Cone Bay Cone

Colbert Island Colbert

Cockatoo Island Cockatoo

Champagny Island Champagny

Cape Leveque Cape Cape Latouche Treville Latouche Cape

1

Broome

Beagle Bay Beagle Mermaid Reef Mermaid

1 1 1 1 Clerke Reef Clerke

1 1 Seringapatam Reef Seringapatam

1 Scott Reef Scott

1 1 1 1 11 1 1 1 11 1 Hibernia Reef Hibernia

1

Offshore Atolls Island Cartier

1 1 1 1 Ashmore Reef Ashmore 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

cf. (Fromont, 1993) cf. (Fromont, Bergquist, 1965 Bergquist, (Lamarck, 1815) (Lamarck, sp. 1102 sp. 1102 sp. 332 sp. K1 sp. K2 sp. NW1 sp. NW2 sp. NW1 sp. NW2 sp. NW1 sp. 111 sp. 111 sp. NW6 sp. NW3 sp. NW4 sp. NW5 Siphonodictyon Siphonodictyon Siphonodictyon Siphonodictyon Oceanapia ramsayi Lendenfeld, 1888 Oceanapia 1965 Bergquist, arenaria 1965 Dysidea granulosa Bergquist, 1965 Dysidea granulosa cf. Bergquist, Dysidea Siphonodictyon Siphonodictyon Topsent, 1897 Oceanapia amboinensis Topsent, Siphonodictyon mucosum Petrosia (Strongylophora) strongylata (Strongylophora) Petrosia Xestospongia testudinaria Siphonodictyon paratypicum Thiele, 1903 Petrosia Petrosia Petrosia Petrosia Petrosia Petrosia 1991 cf. Fromont, Xestospongia bergquistia Xestospongia Xestospongia (Hooper, 1984) (Hooper, Oceanapia macrotoxa Order: Dictyoceratida Family: Family: Phloeodictyidae Taxa

KIMBERLEY MARINE BIOTA. HISTORICAL DATA: SPONGES 91

Vansittart Bay Vansittart

Tangier Shoals Tangier

Talboys Rock Talboys Quondong Point Quondong

1

Pender Bay Pender Packer Island Packer

1 1 1 1

Lord Mayor Shoal Mayor Lord

Lacepede Islands Lacepede

King Sound King

Jamieson Reef Jamieson

Heritage Reef Heritage

Grey Shoal Grey

Green Island Green Gourdon Bay Gourdon

1 Gibbings Island Gibbings

Kimberley Coast George Water George

Fenelon Island Fenelon Eclipse Shoals Eclipse

1

Cone Bay Cone

Colbert Island Colbert

Cockatoo Island Cockatoo

Champagny Island Champagny

Cape Leveque Cape Cape Latouche Treville Latouche Cape

1

Broome Beagle Bay Beagle

1 1 1 1 1 1 Mermaid Reef Mermaid

1 1

Clerke Reef Clerke

Seringapatam Reef Seringapatam Scott Reef Scott

1 1 11 1 1 1 1 11 1 1 1

Hibernia Reef Hibernia

Offshore Atolls Island Cartier Ashmore Reef Ashmore 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 cf. Bergquist, 1995 cf. Bergquist,

sp. NW1 sp. SS1 sp. 6 sp. 27 sp. 2 sp. NW1 sp. 1 sp. NW1 sp. SS8 sp. NW1 sp. 15 sp. NW1 sp. NW3 sp. NW4 sp. NW5 sp. NW1 sp. 1 sp. NW2 Aplysinopsis elegans Lendenfeld, 1888 Spongia Cacospongia Dysidea Dysidea Dysidea Spongia (Spongia) australis Carteriospongia flabellifera Dysidea (Bowerbank, 1877) cf. Berquist, 1995 Euryspongia delicatula cf. Berquist, (Keller, 1889) Lamellodysidea herbacea (Keller, (Lamarck, 1814) Hyattella intestinalis (Lamarck, Hippospongia cf. (Keller, 1889) ramosa cf. (Keller, Ircinia Sarcotragus Sarcotragus Hippospongia Ircinia Ircinia Hippospongia Ircinia Ircinia Psammocinia Sarcotragus Family: Taxa Family: Family:

92 J. FROMONT AND A. SAMPEY

Vansittart Bay Vansittart

Tangier Shoals Tangier

Talboys Rock Talboys Quondong Point Quondong

1

Pender Bay Pender Packer Island Packer

1 1 1

Lord Mayor Shoal Mayor Lord

Lacepede Islands Lacepede

King Sound King

Jamieson Reef Jamieson

Heritage Reef Heritage

Grey Shoal Grey

Green Island Green

Gourdon Bay Gourdon Gibbings Island Gibbings

Kimberley Coast George Water George

Fenelon Island Fenelon

Eclipse Shoals Eclipse

Cone Bay Cone

Colbert Island Colbert

Cockatoo Island Cockatoo

Champagny Island Champagny

Cape Leveque Cape

Cape Latouche Treville Latouche Cape

Broome Beagle Bay Beagle

1 1 1 Mermaid Reef Mermaid

1 1 1

Clerke Reef Clerke

Seringapatam Reef Seringapatam Scott Reef Scott

1 1 1 1

Hibernia Reef Hibernia

Offshore Atolls Island Cartier

1 1 1 1 11 1 1 Ashmore Reef Ashmore 1 1 1 11 11 1 11 1 1 1 1 (Hentschel, 1912) sp. 362 sp. NW1 sp. NW1 sp. NW1 sp. 1 sp. 1 sp. NW1 sp. 804 sp. K1 sp. 11 sp. 11 sp. K1 sp. NW1 Chelonaplysilla sp. NW2 Verongida Verongida Carteriospongia foliascens (Pallas, 1766) Dactylospongia elegans (Thiele, 1899) Dactylospongia reticulata Fasciospongia 1889) (Keller, Hyrtios erectus Hyrtios sp. NW1 Luffariella Luffariella 1794) Phyllospongia papyracea (Esper, Thorecta Thorecta Thorectandra Chelonaplysilla Dictyodendrilla Dictyodendrilla ianthelliformis (Lendenfeld, 1888) Suberea cf. Bergquist, 1995 laboutei cf. Bergquist, Suberea Suberea Suberea Order: Dendroceratida Taxa Family: Darwinellidae Family: Dictyodendrillidae Family: Aplysinellidae Order: Verongida

KIMBERLEY MARINE BIOTA. HISTORICAL DATA: SPONGES 93

Vansittart Bay Vansittart Tangier Shoals Tangier

13 12 Talboys Rock Talboys

11 Quondong Point Quondong

1

Pender Bay Pender

Packer Island Packer

Lord Mayor Shoal Mayor Lord Lacepede Islands Lacepede

12 12 33 20 45

King Sound King Jamieson Reef Jamieson

11 11

Heritage Reef Heritage Grey Shoal Grey

14 14 Green Island Green

11 Gourdon Bay Gourdon

28 Gibbings Island Gibbings

Kimberley Coast George Water George

11 11

Fenelon Island Fenelon

Eclipse Shoals Eclipse

Cone Bay Cone

Colbert Island Colbert Cockatoo Island Cockatoo

12 12 12 17 14

Champagny Island Champagny Cape Leveque Cape

11 11

Cape Latouche Treville Latouche Cape Broome

1 Beagle Bay Beagle

1 1 1

Mermaid Reef Mermaid

Clerke Reef Clerke Seringapatam Reef Seringapatam

49 25 69 53 17 14 Scott Reef Scott

1

111 Hibernia Reef Hibernia

1

Offshore Atolls Island Cartier

1 1 1 Ashmore Reef Ashmore 1 1 73 85 54

sp. 2 sp. 1 sp. 364 sp. 190 sp. K1 sp. 589 cf. sp. NW1 sp. 125 cf. Bergquist, 1995 Pseudoceratina verrucosa cf. Bergquist, Pseudoceratina Pseudoceratina Pseudoceratina Aplysina Aplysinidae Aplysina Lendenfeld, 1889 A. reticulata Ianthella flabelliformis (Pallas, 1766) &Ianthella quadrangulata Bergquist 1995 Kelly-Borges, Ianthella basta (Pallas, 1766) Aplysina Pseudoceratina Total number of species Total Taxa Family: Ianthellidae Family: Aplysinidae Family: Pseudoceratinidae 94 J. FROMONT AND A. SAMPEY

Temp Nth Atlantic, Trop Atlantic Nth Atlantic, Trop Temp Temp Nth Pacific (Sea of Japan) Temp Comments Temp Nth Atlantic; Trop Atlantic Nth Atlantic; Trop Temp

Eastern Indo-Pac Eastern Central Indo-Pac Central

1 NE Aust Shelf Aust NE

1 1 1 1

Sahul Shelf Sahul NW Aust Shelf Aust NW

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Western Indo-Pac Western

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Temp Sth Africa Sth Temp

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Temp Aus Temp

1 1 1 1 1 1 Inshore

● Offshore ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● Known species of sponges recorded from the Project Area, the locations where they were reported, and their biogeographic coding. reported, and were where they Area, the locations recorded from the Project sponges species of Known

Cliona celata Grant, 1826 Tanita, 1965 Stelletta splendens Tanita, Plakinastrella mammillaris Lendenfeld, 1907 Plakinastrella Ridley & Dendy, 1886 Cliona dissimilis Ridley & Dendy, Muricy, 2010 Plakortis communis Muricy, Plakortis nigra Lévi, 1953 1884 Stelletta clavosa Ridley, Cinachyrella enigmatica (Burton, 1934) Cinachyrella (Carter, 1883) globostellata (Carter, Rhabdastrella Carter, 1886 australiensis Carter, Cinachyrella (Keller, 1891) schulzei (Keller, Cinachyrella Poléjaeff, 1883 Poléjaeff, Pericharax heteroraphis Melophlus sarasinorum Thiele, 1899 (Pulitzer-Finali, 1983) (Pulitzer-Finali, tarentina Cinachyrella Order: Hadromerida Family: Clionaidae HOMOSCLEROMORPHA Order: Homosclerophorida Family: Plakinidae DEMOSPONGIAE Order: Spirophorida Taxa CALCAREA Order: Clathrinida Family: Leucettidae Order: Astrophorida APPENDIX 2 KIMBERLEY MARINE BIOTA. HISTORICAL DATA: SPONGES 95

Temp Nth Atlantic Temp Temp Nth Atlantic Temp Trop Atlantic Trop Comments

Eastern Indo-Pac Eastern Central Indo-Pac Central

1 1 NE Aust Shelf Aust NE

1 1 1

Sahul Shelf Sahul NW Aust Shelf Aust NW

1 1 1 1 1 Western Indo-Pac Western

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

Temp Sth Africa Sth Temp Temp Aus Temp

1 1 1 1 1 Inshore

● ● ● ● ● ● Offshore ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● Gray, 1868 Theonella swinhoei Gray, Wilson, 1925 Theonella cylindrica Wilson, Theonella levior Lendenfeld, 1907 Discodermia discifera (Lendenfeld, 1907) Halisarca dujardini Johnston, 1842 Halisarca Anthotethya fromontae Sara & Sara, 2002 Anthotethya fromontae 1873 Chondrilla australiensis Carter, Carter, 1879 Axos flabelliformis Carter, Aaptos aaptos (Schmidt, 1864) Ridley & Dendy, 1886 Spheciospongia papillosa Ridley & Dendy, Pione lampa (de Laubenfels, 1950) Pione velans Hentschel, 1909 1884) Spheciospongia vagabunda (Ridley, Cliona orientalis Thiele, 1900 Order: Lithistida Family: Theonellidae Family: Halisarcidae Family: Tethyidae Order: Chondrosida Family: Chondrillidae Family: Hemiasterellidae Family: Suberitidae Taxa 96 J. FROMONT AND A. SAMPEY

Comments

Eastern Indo-Pac Eastern Central Indo-Pac Central

1 1 1 1 1 1 NE Aust Shelf Aust NE

1 1 1 1

Sahul Shelf Sahul NW Aust Shelf Aust NW

1 1 1 1 1 1 11 1 1 1 Western Indo-Pac Western

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

Temp Sth Africa Sth Temp Temp Aus Temp

1 1 1 Inshore

● ● Offshore ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● (Row, 1911) Myrmekioderma niveum (Row, Phakettia euctimena (Hentschel, 1912) 1922) Stylissa conulosa (Dendy, Higginsia scabra Whitelegge, 1907 1922 Acanthella cavernosa Dendy, Dendy, 1889 Axinella labyrinthica Dendy, 1970) Acanthella dendyi (Bergquist, 1889) Stylissa carteri (Dendy, Reniochalina stalagmitis Lendenfeld, 1888 Stylissa flabelliformis (Hentschel, 1912) Axinella aruensis (Hentschel, 1912) (Bergquist & Tizard, 1967) & Tizard, Cymbastela stipitata (Bergquist 1970) Dragmacidon australe (Bergquist, 1905) Dragmacidon durissimum (Dendy, 1886 Acanthella pulcherrima Ridley & Dendy, (Ridley & Dendy, 1886) Didiscus aceratus (Ridley & Dendy, (Carter, 1887) Stylissa massa (Carter, 1794) Myrmekioderma granulatum (Esper, Family: Desmoxyidae Family: Dictyonellidae Taxa Order: Halichondrida Family: Axinellidae Family: Heteroxyidae KIMBERLEY MARINE BIOTA. HISTORICAL DATA: SPONGES 97

Trop Atlantic Trop Comments

Eastern Indo-Pac Eastern Central Indo-Pac Central

1 1 1 1 1 NE Aust Shelf Aust NE

1 1 1 1

Sahul Shelf Sahul NW Aust Shelf Aust NW

11 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 11 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Western Indo-Pac Western

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

Temp Sth Africa Sth Temp Temp Aus Temp

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Inshore

● ● ● ● ● ● Offshore ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● Hooper, 1991 Ectyoplasia vannus Hooper, (Lamarck, 1814) Ectyoplasia tabula (Lamarck, (Lamarck, 1814) Echinodictyum mesenterinum (Lamarck, Echinodictyum clathrioides Hentschel, 1911 Clathria (Thalysias) toxifera (Hentschel, 1912) Hooper, 1996 Clathria (Thalysias) tingens Hooper, (Lamarck, 1814) Echinodictyum cancellatum (Lamarck, Vosmaer, 1880 Vosmaer, Clathria (Thalysias) reinwardti Ridley, 1884 Clathria (Thalysias) coppingeri Ridley, 1886 Clathria (Thalysias) lendenfeldi Ridley & Dendy, (Lamarck, 1814) Clathria (Thalysias) cactiformis (Lamarck, (Carter, 1886) coccinea (Carter, Iotrochota 1887) aceratoobtusa (Carter, Clathria (Microciona) Antho (Acarnia) ridleyi (Hentschel, 1912) (Lamarck, 1814) Clathria (Thalysias) abietina (Lamarck, Crella (Yvesia) spinulata (Hentschel, 1911) (Yvesia) Crella 1884 baculifera Ridley, Iotrochota (Dendy, 1922) Monanchora unguiculata (Dendy, Ridley, 1884 Acarnus ternatus Ridley, Family: Raspailiidae Family: Microcionidae Family: Crellidae Family: Iotrochotidae Family: Crambeidae Taxa Order: Poecilosclerida Family: Acarnidae 98 J. FROMONT AND A. SAMPEY

Comments

Eastern Indo-Pac Eastern Central Indo-Pac Central

1 1 1 1 NE Aust Shelf Aust NE

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

Sahul Shelf Sahul NW Aust Shelf Aust NW

1 1 1 1 11 1 1 1 1 1 Western Indo-Pac Western

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

Temp Sth Africa Sth Temp Temp Aus Temp

1 1 Inshore

● ● ● ● ● ● Offshore ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● Fromont, 1993 Amphimedon lamellata Fromont, Haliclona koremella de Laubenfels, 1954 Haliclona koremella Niphates olemda (de Laubenfels, 1954) Hooper, 1984 ashmorica Hooper, Acanthostrongylophora Fromont, 1993 Amphimedon paraviridis Fromont, Callyspongia (Toxochalina) schulzei (Kieschnick, 1900) Callyspongia (Toxochalina) (Dendy, 1922) Chalinula confusa (Dendy, (Esper, 1794) Haliclona (Gellius) cymaeformis (Esper, Haliclona (Gellius) amboinensis (Lévi, 1961) 1881) Gelliodes fibulata (Carter, (Ridley, 1884) Callyspongia (Callyspongia) confoederata (Ridley, Carter, 1882 flabelliforme Carter, Trikentrion (Carter, 1883) Agelas mauritiana (Carter, 1900 willeyana Lister, Astrosclera Hooper, 1991 Hooper, melanorhops Raspailia (Clathriodendron) Hooper, 1991 Raspailia (Raspailia) phakellopsis Hooper, 1896 Raspailia (Raspailia) vestigifera Dendy, Family: Niphatidae Family: Petrosiidae Family: Chalinidae Order: Haplosclerida Family: Callyspongiidae Order: Agelasida Family: Agelasidae Family: Astroscleridae Taxa KIMBERLEY MARINE BIOTA. HISTORICAL DATA: SPONGES 99

Temp Nth Pacific Temp Comments

Eastern Indo-Pac Eastern Central Indo-Pac Central

1 1 1 1 1 1 NE Aust Shelf Aust NE

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

Sahul Shelf Sahul NW Aust Shelf Aust NW

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Western Indo-Pac Western

1 1 11 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

Temp Sth Africa Sth Temp Temp Aus Temp

1 1 1 1 Inshore

● ● Offshore ● ● ● ● ● ●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● (Keller, 1889) (Keller, Hyrtios erectus 1794) Phyllospongia papyracea (Esper, Topsent, 1897 Oceanapia amboinensis Topsent, (Lamarck, 1814) Hyattella intestinalis (Lamarck, (Hooper, 1984) (Hooper, Oceanapia macrotoxa Oceanapia ramsayi Lendenfeld, 1888 1965 Dysidea granulosa Bergquist, 1889) Lamellodysidea herbacea (Keller, Bergquist, 1965 Bergquist, Dysidea arenaria Aplysinopsis elegans Lendenfeld, 1888 Bergquist, 1965 Siphonodictyon mucosum Bergquist, Fascaplysinopsis reticulata (Hentschel, 1912) Fascaplysinopsis reticulata Dactylospongia elegans (Thiele, 1899) Carteriospongia foliascens (Pallas, 1766) Carteriospongia flabellifera (Bowerbank, 1877) Lindgren, 1897 nigricans Lindgren, (Petrosia) Petrosia 1815) Xestospongia testudinaria (Lamarck, Petrosia (Strongylophora) strongylata Thiele, 1903 strongylata (Strongylophora) Petrosia Neopetrosia exigua (Kirkpatrick, 1900) Neopetrosia Family: Spongiidae Order: Dictyoceratida Family: Dysideidae Family: Thorectidae Family: Phloeodictyidae Taxa 100 J. FROMONT AND A. SAMPEY

Comments

Eastern Indo-Pac Eastern

Central Indo-Pac Central

NE Aust Shelf Aust NE

Sahul Shelf Sahul NW Aust Shelf Aust NW

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

Western Indo-Pac Western

Temp Sth Africa Sth Temp Temp Aus Temp

1 1 1 Inshore

● Offshore ● ● ● 81 40 34 2 47 76 39 45 56 5 Bergquist & Kelly-Borges, 1995 & Kelly-Borges, Ianthella quadrangulata Bergquist Ianthella flabelliformis (Pallas, 1766) Suberea ianthelliformis (Lendenfeld, 1888) Suberea Ianthella basta (Pallas, 1766) Total species Total Taxa Order: Verongida Family: Aplysinellidae Family: Ianthellidae