History 4151-A: Black Lives Matter: African American Social Movements and Political Activism in Twentieth Century America, Fall 2020

Professor and Course Information: Professor: Heather Murray Contact Information: [email protected] at ext. 1281 Course Meetings: Tuesdays, 2:30-5:20 pm on zoom Office Hours: Tuesdays, 9am-11am on zoom and by appt.

Course Description and Objectives:

In the 2010s, African American activists declared “Black Lives Matter” as a response to the shootings and murders of African American citizens at the hands of police; just a generation before, activist Stokely Carmichael (Kwame Ture) proclaimed “Black Power,” a slogan that some historians see as the more assertive, radical claim. Is Black Lives Matter the fundamentally modest claim of a moderate movement, reminiscent of the “Am I Not a Man and a Brother?” slogan of British and American abolitionists, over 200 years ago, as some other historians also have argued?

This course explores the origins and antecedents of the Black Lives Matter movement in the United States. We will ask what—if anything—this movement has in common with other Black activist movements and rights culture over the course of the twentieth century, such as anti-lynching activism, civil rights, and Black Power. Is Black Lives Matter a fundamentally turn-of-the-Millennium era movement, given its interest in intersectionality (especially the relationship between race and sexuality), and its animation by American crime policies in the 1990s?

I hope this course allows us an opportunity to meditate upon both the limitations and the illuminations of studying contemporary history, and how it is or is not informed by longer durée narratives. How have new architectures of oppression taken the place of older ones

1 thought to have been rectified, and how has Black Lives Matter responded to these realities? And how have contemporary social movements energized and shaped African American historiography?

We will read an array of historiography (scholarly pieces that combine historical narrative and an analysis of primary sources: what you will be producing in your research papers), critical race theory, sexuality studies, legal studies, as well as political and cultural theory. And we will situate BLM and other activist movements in global contexts. However, the axes of comparison in this course will not just be nations, but ideas: central themes will include the spectacle of violence, racialized bodies, the politicization of crime and incarceration, the nature of social and cultural activism, internal colonialism, consumer culture and deindustrialization, as well as ideas about racial and sexual “minorities”.

Reading/Life’s Joy:

All of your readings are available electronically and listed on your syllabus (secondary articles and primary sources.) Sometimes there are scans of book chapters to supplement these readings, which will be available for you on BrightSpace. The recommended readings exist for your pleasure and interest and to build bibliographies, but you are NOT responsible for them each week, so please don’t panic about the length of the syllabus!

Assignments and Grading:

Reading and Talking: 30% Please note that this refers to active presence and engagement with the readings and contributions to class, as well as your engagement with your colleagues. Please come and talk to me early on about strategies to help you talk more if you foresee problems here.

Primary Source Presentation and Transcript of Prepared Remarks: Total: 10% In this short presentation (15 minutes: please be aware of time!), you will be asked to find, analyse and make an argument about a primary source (or small set of primary sources) related to the theme under discussion for that particular week that illuminates our historiographical readings. It should not be the primary source assigned for that week, but one that you have found yourself. Sometimes a primary source will be suggested to you within our historiographical readings themselves that you will want to investigate further, and at other times our readings will provoke you to find a different primary source altogether.

In your presentation you should address: what does this source mean and why is it historically significant? Why did the readings call to mind this source for you, in particular? What themes does it embody from this week’s readings? Perhaps the source offers a thematic departure from this week’s readings and takes us in another direction, or poses a challenge to the general drift of the week’s readings? And why is this significant?

2 The source you choose can be written (a political speech, a newspaper article, piece of literature, court case, etc.) or visual (a photograph, a painting, a film clip, an advertisement, a political poster, propaganda, a museum curation or exhibit, etc.). We will start in the second week, and because of the size of this class, we will need two per class.

I would like you to use this assignment as practice at giving a scholarly conference presentation, since these presentations are typically 15 minutes long. In other words, speak from prepared remarks since that is the convention at history conferences—from 7 pages double spaced pages. Write a talk rather than a paper per se. You will hand in these prepared remarks at the end of your presentation and they will be part of your grade for this assignment. You need not have a lot of power point or any at all. Please remember that video clips must be distributed in advance as zoom does not have the bandwidth for videos to be shown in class. Please feel free to distribute your primary source in advance so that the class can see (i.e. send it to me!) You will not be punished for any technological difficulties!

Please see Appendix 1 for some useful questions when interrogating primary sources, as well as some useful databases and primary source collections that you might use for this assignment.

Mini-Presentation 5%: These presentations are extra short—a maximum of 8 minutes for everyone so that all have a chance to speak--and will take place during our last official meeting on Tuesday, December 8. In this one, now that you have been through the whole course, I would like you to take up the question of whether or not Black Lives Matter indeed needs to be understood as a development that emerged over the course of the twentieth century, or even before that, or if you see Black Lives Matter as being more recent, late twentieth century or even twenty first century, in its animating origins. Why? Please make reference to at least three different course readings in your discussion. In other words, use Black Lives Matter as a springboard to talk about historical antecedents, continuities, and ruptures. You need not hand in a transcript for this one, but if you are speaking from prepared remarks it should be no more than 4 pages double spaced.

N.B.: All written work will be handed in on Bright Space and I will send instructions about how to do so. The best format for Bright Space is MS Word.

Research Essay Proposal, Due Monday, October 27 (yes, during the reading week, but I thought you might need the weekend—I am glad to accept them earlier), Approx. 5-7 pages double spaced, 25%: The research paper in this course can cover any topic as long as it addresses the Black political, social and/or cultural activism that has animated the twentieth century. You are free to choose a topic that addresses any of our central course themes such as racialized bodies, violence, the politicization of crime and incarceration, internal colonialism, the relationship between sexual and racial “minorities”, etc. I also welcome comparative work and topics that are transnational in scope.

3 This proposal should:

Clearly identify your research paper topic and include a statement as to why it is significant (pretend you are at a German academic conference where everyone will ask you: but why should we care about this?)

Pose critical questions of your subject. Topic, significance and questions will probably comprise about a page of your proposal.

Include a short discussion of historical context to situate your reader. So for example if you are writing about the cultural aspects of the Black Power movement, you should first give your reader a sense of what Black Power was, and why culture was important in conveying this movement, assembling some historical narrative using two or three secondary sources. This should be approx. two pages of the proposal.

Include a discussion of some of the major existing historiography on your topic (scholarly history, based on primary sources—what you are producing in this research paper!), and how you foresee that you will contribute to this body of work (or depart from it, as the case may be.) This should be about two pages.

Include a discussion of the body of preliminary primary sources that you foresee using to approach your essay, and comment on why these sources in particular would illuminate your topic, as well as their limitations. This should be about a page. Please consult the primary sources/databases in Appendix 1 of your syllabus!

Include a bibliography (with the understanding that it is a work in progress), separated into primary and secondary sources.

Feel free to subdivide your proposal into sections such as Topic and Significance, Critical Questions, Context, Historiography/Secondary Sources, and Primary Sources. You can have additional pages beyond 7 if in the form of your bibliography.

Final Research Essay, Due Tuesday, December 15, 15-20 pages double spaced, 30%: Again, this analytical research paper can cover any topic in the history of Black social, political and cultural activism that have animated the twentieth century. You must have a significant base of primary sources, complemented by some secondary sources. I am especially interested in the development of arguments (not just opinions), and how well you have mounted evidence in support of those arguments, with a preference for a body of evidence that reflects a diversity and range of sources and a rigorous engagement with relevant secondary sources. Many more details on this paper to come.

Deadline Policy: The deadlines are more or less firm unless something goes wrong or you have an unexpected burden—let’s aim for the deadlines as sometimes extensions hurt more than they help. If you have an ongoing problem or issue that will affect your performance during the semester please come and talk to me early on so we can discuss options.

4

Plagiarism: Please reference all sources, including internet ones (when in doubt, reference). Please consult Ottawa U’s plagiarism policy at: https://arts.uottawa.ca/en/life-on-campus/academic-fraud-plagiarism

Citing Your Work: Please use the Chicago Manual of Style: https://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/tools_citationguide/citation-guide-1.html

Reading Schedule:

September 15: Introduction and Discussion of:

Jelani Cobb, “The Matter of Black Lives”: (Read or Listen): https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2016/03/14/where-is-black-lives-matter- headed

Allissa V. Richardson, “Why Cellphone Videos of Black People’s Deaths Should Be Considered Sacred, Like Lynching Photographs,” The Conversation, 2020: https://theconversation.com/why-cellphone-videos-of-black-peoples-deaths- should-be-considered-sacred-like-lynching-photographs-139252

George Yancy, “Dear White America,” 2015 https://opinionator.blogs.nytimes.com/2015/12/24/dear-white-america/

“The N Word in the Classroom,” C19 Podcast ***N.B.: While this podcast presents a case against using racial slurs in the classroom, please be advised that the introduction to the podcast, as the narrator notes from the start, does use the slur in full. To avoid the word, you can start at 1:50.*** https://soundcloud.com/c19podcast/nword

Recommended: Black Lives Matter Documentary: https://topdocumentaryfilms.com/black-lives-matter-vpro/ Nathan Heller, “The Big Uneasy: What’s Roiling the Liberal Arts Campus?” http://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2016/05/30/the-new-activism-of-liberal-arts- colleges George Yancy et al, eds., Our Black Sons Matter: Mothers Talk About Fears, Sorrows, and Hopes (Rowman and Littlefield, 2016) “The Raw Videos That Have Sparked Outrage Over Police Treatment of Blacks”—Please Be Prepared for How Brutal and Upsetting These Videos Are https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2017/08/19/us/police-videos-race.html?mcubz=3 Political Theory (Discusses Canadian Ideology of Racelessness and Idle No More):

5 John Price, “Canada, White Supremacy, and the Twinning of Empires,” in International Journal 68, no. 4 (2013): p. 628-638 http://www.jstor.org.proxy.bib.uottawa.ca/stable/pdf/24709363.pdf?refreqid=excelsior:b eb72220455118c98e44c208341ae8ce Richard Delgado et al, eds., Critical Race Theory, An Introduction (NYU Press, 2012) FBI Report on “Black Identity Extremists,” 2017: READ p. 4-8 https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/4067711-BIE-Redacted.html On Whiteness: Robin DiAngelo, “White Fragility,” International Journal of Critical Pedagogy, Vol. 3 (3), 2011, p. 54-70 http://libjournal.uncg.edu/ijcp/article/view/249/116 Interview with Kathleen Blee, Historian of White Supremacy: https://www.npr.org/sections/codeswitch/2018/12/08/671999530/what-the-ebbs-and- flows-of-the-kkk-can-tell-us-about-white-supremacy-today Zadie Smith, “Getting In and Out: Who Owns Black Pain?” https://harpers.org/archive/2017/07/getting-in-and-out/ Reni Eddo-Lodge, Why I’m No Longer Talking To White People About Race (London, UK: Bloomsbury, 2017) (especially on the globalization of the African American identity) George Yancy, ed., Exploring Race in Predominantly in White Classrooms (New York: Routledge, 2014) George Yancy, Look, a White! Philosophical Essays on Whiteness (Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 2012)

September 22: Theoretical Frameworks: On Studying Contemporary History and the Concept of Intersectionality

Primary Source: How Useful is the Concept of Intersectionality for Activism and for Historians? Read the first theorist to use it: Kimberlé Crenshaw, “Mapping the Margins: Intersectionality, Identity Politics, and Violence Against Women of Color,” 1993. Available online at (Paste Link Into Browser): http://ec.msvu.ca:8080/xmlui/bitstream/handle/10587/942/Crenshaw_article.pdf ?sequence=1

Primary Sources: The Combahee River Collective Statement, 1977: http://circuitous.org/scraps/combahee.html

FBI Report on “Black Identity Extremists,” 2017: READ p. 4-8 https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/4067711-BIE-Redacted.html

Recommended:

6 Theory: Kimberlé Crenshaw, “Demarginalizing the Intersection of Race and Sex: A Black Feminist Critique of Antidiscrimination Doctrine, Feminist Theory and Antiracist Politics,” in University of Chicago Legal Form, Volume 1989, Issue 1, Article 8, p. 139-167: http://chicagounbound.uchicago.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1052&context=uclf Jennifer C. Nash, “Re-thinking Intersectionality,” Feminist Review 89, 2008: 1-15 https://www.mackenzian.com/wp- content/uploads/2016/02/Nash_RethinkingIntersectionality2008.pdf E BOOK AT THE LIBRARY: Jasbir Puar, Terrorist Assemblages: Homonationalism in Queer Times (Duke University Press, 2007): Read the Introduction, “Homonationalism and Biopolitics,” p. 1-37 Jasbir Puar, “ ‘I Would Rather Be a Cyborg than a Goddess,’ Intersectionality, Assemblage, and Affective Politics,” in European Institute for Progressive Policies, 2011, available online at: http://eipcp.net/transversal/0811/puar/en E. Patrick Johnson and Mae G. Henderson, eds., Black Queer Studies: A Critical Anthology (E Book at the Library) Matthew Pratt Guterl, Seeing Race in Modern America (University of North Carolina Press, 2013), p. 60—80 Black Lives Matter Beyond American Borders: Essay: Rob Berkeley, “The Missing Link? Building Solidarity Among Black Europeans,” p. 40-53 in Antony Lerman, ed., Do I Belong? Building Solidarity Among Black Europeans (Pluto Press, 2017) http://www.jstor.org.proxy.bib.uottawa.ca/stable/pdf/j.ctt1pv899s.7.pdf?refreqid=excelsi or:d1f1d4ac07ee4328698db2fb8030ce77 “Fruitvale Station” (Video available at the library)

September 29: Theoretical Frameworks Part 2: The Politics of Mourning and Space

Theory:

E BOOK at the Library: David W. McIvor, Mourning in America: Race and the Politics of Loss (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2016), From the Preface, read, p. xi— xiii. https://ocul- uo.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/discovery/fulldisplay?docid=cdi_askewsholts_vlebooks _9781501706721&context=PC&vid=01OCUL_UO:UO_DEFAULT&lang=en&search_sc ope=MyInst_and_CI&adaptor=Primo%20Central&tab=Everything&query=any,conta ins,mourning%20in%20america%20race%20and%20politics&sortby=rank&mode =basic

Historical Geography:

E BOOK at the Library: “Black Faces,” p. 67—91 in Carolyn Finney, Black Faces, White Spaces: Reimagining the Relationship of African Americans to the Great Outdoors (University of North Carolina Press, 2014)

7 https://ocul- uo.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/discovery/fulldisplay?docid=cdi_askewsholts_vlebooks _9781469614502&context=PC&vid=01OCUL_UO:UO_DEFAULT&lang=en&search_sc ope=MyInst_and_CI&adaptor=Primo%20Central&tab=Everything&query=any,conta ins,black%20faces,%20white%20spaces&offset=0

Documentary: “Whose Streets? An Unflinching Look at the Ferguson Uprising” 2017: https://www.dailymotion.com/video/x6nhamb

Browse: Black Lives Matter Twitter: https://twitter.com/blklivesmatter?lang=en

Recommended: Banor Hesse and Juliet Hooker, “On Black Political Thought Inside Global Black Protest,” From South Atlantic Quarterly Volume 116, Issue 3, July, 2017, Special Issue: “After #Ferguson, After #Baltimore: The Challenge of Black Death and Black Life for Black Political Thought,” 451-455

October 6: Lynching, the Spectacle of Violence and Anti-Lynching Activism, Turn of the Century-WW2:

Historiography:

E BOOK AT THE LIBRARY: Amy Louise Wood, Lynching and Spectacle: Witnessing Racial Violence in America, 1890-1940 (University of North Carolina Press, 2009), Read the Introduction: p. 1-15 https://ocul- uo.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/discovery/fulldisplay?docid=cdi_askewsholts_vlebooks _9781469603568&context=PC&vid=01OCUL_UO:UO_DEFAULT&lang=en&search_sc ope=MyInst_and_CI&adaptor=Primo%20Central&tab=Everything&query=any,conta ins,lynching%20and%20spectacle&sortby=rank&mode=basic

Scan on Brightspace: Dora Apel, Imagery of Lynching: Black Men, White Women and the Mob (Rutgers University Press, 2004) p. 7-20

Scan on Brightspace: Khalil Gibran Muhammad, The Condemnation of Blackness: Race, Crime, and the Making of Urban America (Harvard University Press, 2010) Please read: Introduction, p. 1-3 Chapter 6, “Policing Racism,” p. 235-247

Primary Source:

Ida B. Wells-Barnett, Southern Horrors, 1892:

8 https://archive.org/stream/southernhorrors14975gut/14975.txt Read Chapter 6, “Self-Help”

Recommended: Historiography: Karlos K. Hill, Beyond the Rope: the Impact of Lynching on Black Culture and Memory (Cambridge University Press, 2016), p. 104-118 Cassandra Jackson, Violence, Visual Culture, and the Black Male Body (Routledge, 2011), p. 12-29 Matthew Pratt Guterl, Seeing Race in Modern America (University of North Carolina Press, 2013) Debra Walker King, African Americans and the Culture of Pain (University of Virginia Press, 2008) Evelyn M. Simien, ed., Gender and Lynching: The Politics of Memory (New York: Palgrave MacMillan, 2011) Maurice Berger, For All the World to See: Visual Culture and the Struggle for Civil Rights (Yale University Press, 2010) Political Theory: Nick Bromell, The Time is Always Now: Black Thought and the Transformation of U.S. Democracy (Oxford University Press, 2013) p. 21-51 and p. 79-86.

October 13: Post-WW2 Civil Rights and the Tensions Between Human Rights and Civil Rights

Historiography:

E Book at the Library: Amy Louise Wood, Lynching and Spectacle: Witnessing Racial Violence in America, 1890-1940 (University of North Carolina Press, 2009), Read the Conclusion, p. 261-269 https://ocul- uo.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/discovery/fulldisplay?docid=cdi_askewsholts_vlebooks _9781469603568&context=PC&vid=01OCUL_UO:UO_DEFAULT&lang=en&search_sc ope=MyInst_and_CI&adaptor=Primo%20Central&tab=Everything&query=any,conta ins,lynching%20and%20spectacle&sortby=rank&mode=basic

E Book at the Library: Elliott J. Gorn, Let the People See: the Story of Emmett Till (Oxford University Press, 2018), From the Conclusion, p. 289-295 https://ocul- uo.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/discovery/fulldisplay?docid=alma9910449466840051 61&context=L&vid=01OCUL_UO:UO_DEFAULT&lang=en&search_scope=MyInst_and _CI&adaptor=Local%20Search%20Engine&tab=Everything&query=any,contains,let %20the%20people%20see&offset=0

9 Scan on Brightspace: Carol Anderson, Eyes Off the Prize: The United Nations and the African American Struggle for Human Rights, 1944-1955 (Cambridge University Press, 2003), p. 1-7 and p. 271-276.

Scan on Brightspace: Charles E. Cobb, This Nonviolent Stuff’ll Get You Killed: How Guns Made the Civil Rights Movement Possible (Duke University Press, 2016) Read: Introduction, p. 1-12 Epilogue, “ ‘The King of Love Is Dead,’” p. 227-237

E Book at the Library: From Clarence Lang, Black America in the Shadow of the Sixties: Notes on the Civil Rights Movement, Neoliberalism, and Politics (University of Michigan Press, 2015), p. 3-16 https://ocul- uo.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/discovery/fulldisplay?docid=cdi_umichiganpress_book s_org_bibliovault_9780472121106&context=PC&vid=01OCUL_UO:UO_DEFAULT&la ng=en&search_scope=MyInst_and_CI&adaptor=Primo%20Central&tab=Everything &query=any,contains,black%20america%20in%20the%20shadow%20of%20the% 20sixties%20notes%20on%20the%20civil%20rights%20movement%20neoliberal ism%20and%20politics%20clarence%20lang&offset=0

Recommended: Historiography: Dayo F. Gore, Radicalism at a Crossroads: African American Women Activists in the Cold War (New York University Press, 2016) Danielle S. Allen, Talking to Strangers: Anxieties of Citizenship Since Brown vs. the Board of Education (University of Chicago Press, 2004) George Lipsitz, How Racism Takes Place (Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 2011), p. 25-50 Mychal Denzel Smith, “A Grief Observed: From Emmett Till to Trayvon Martin, the Power and Pain of Black Mourning” https://newrepublic.com/article/143001/grief-observed-emmett-till-trayvon-martin- power-pain-black-mourning Elizabeth Alexander, “ ‘Can you be Black and look at this?’: Reading the Rodney King Videos,” in Thelma Golden, Black Male: Representations of Masculinity in Contemporary American Art (New York: Whitney Museum of American Art, 1994), p. 101—110. Percy Green, et al, “Generations of Struggle,” in Transition, No. 119, Afro-Asian Worlds, 2016, p. 9-16 (Paste Link Into Browser):

October 20: Black Power and the Demise of Liberal Universalism?

Primary Source:

Scan on Brightspace: Martin Luther King, Jr. Where Do We Go From Here: Chaos or Community? (New York: Bantam, 1967), p. 38-77.

10 October 1966 Black Panther Party Platform and Program: http://www2.iath.virginia.edu/sixties/HTML_docs/Resources/Primary/Manifestos /Panther_platform.html

Historiography:

Donna Murch, “Black Liberation and 1968,” in the American Historical Review, June, 2018, Special Issue on 1968, 717-721: https://journals-scholarsportal- info.proxy.bib.uottawa.ca/pdf/00028762/v123i0003/717_bla1.xml

E Book at the Library: From Donna Murch, Living for the City: Migration, Education, and the Rise of the Black Panther Party in Oakland, California (University of North Carolina Press, 2010), p. 174-183 https://ocul- uo.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/discovery/fulldisplay?docid=alma9910449466839051 61&context=L&vid=01OCUL_UO:UO_DEFAULT&lang=en&search_scope=MyInst_and _CI&adaptor=Local%20Search%20Engine&tab=Everything&query=any,contains,livi ng%20for%20the%20city&sortby=rank&mode=basic

October 27: Reading Week: Have a Lovely Break!

November 3: Black Power’s Relationship with the Nation State and the World

Historiography:

Scan on Brightspace: Joshua Bloom and Waldo E. Martin, Jr., Black Against Empire: The History and Politics of the Black Panther Party (University of California Press, 2013), p. 288-308 and p. 309-322

E Book at Library: Nikhil Pal Singh, Black is a Country: Race and the Unfinished Struggle for Democracy (Harvard University Press, 2004) Please read from Chapter 5, “The Global Front of Black Power,” p. 184-211. https://www-fulcrum-org.proxy.bib.uottawa.ca/concern/monographs/gt54kn690

Political Theory:

Scan on Brightspace: Corey Robin, The Enigma of Clarence Thomas (New York: Metropolitan Books, 2019), Please Read from Chapter 1, “Race Man,” p. 26-40.

Primary Sources:

Browse these three issues from Black Panther Ministry of Information, 1969, especially noting images and language:

11 http://www.rockandroll.amdigital.co.uk.proxy.bib.uottawa.ca/Contents/Document Details.aspx?documentid=585875

William Strickland, “Watergate: Its Meaning for Black America,” Short Essay from 1973 https://books.google.ca/books?id=UDoDAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA4&dq=black+world+% 2B+watergate%2B+strickland&hl=en&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=black%20 world%20%2B%20watergate%2B%20strickland&f=false

Essay that Explicitly Compares BLM and Black Power:

Peniel Joseph, “Why Black Lives Matters Still Matters” https://newrepublic.com/article/141700/black-lives-matter-still-matters-new- form-civil-rights-activism

Recommended: Primary Sources: Recommended Documentary: 1968 CBS News Special Report “How the Races Feel”: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CJL9tPy3rtc Documentary by James Baldwin, 1982, on Civil Rights, “I Heard it Through the Grapevine,” https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jlwj36hcrMQ Documentary “The Black Woman,” 1970 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZRnAYRkHsDg Documentary: “The Black Panthers: Vanguard of the Revolution” (2015): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=falJkSME1XY Huey P. Newton’s autobiography, Revolutionary Suicide: https://archive.org/stream/Revolutionarysuicidehuey/-data-anonfiles- 1366699519980_djvu.txt Historiography: Sean L. Malloy, Out of Oakland: Black Panther Party Internationalism During the Cold War (Cornell University Press, 2017) Peniel E. Joseph, ed., The Black Power Movement: Rethinking the Civil Rights—Black Power Era (New York: Routledge, 2006) Peniel E. Joseph, Dark Days, Bright Nights: From Black Power to Barack Obama (Civitas Books, 2013; 2010) Stephen Tuck, We Ain’t What We Ought to Be: The Black Freedom Struggle from Emancipation to Obama (Belknap Press 2011; 2010) Laura Warren Hill and Julia Rabig, eds., The Business of Black Power: Community Development, Capitalism, and Corporate Responsibility in Postwar America (University of Rochester Press, 2012) Robyn C. Spencer, The Revolution Has Come: Black Power, Gender, and the Black Panther Party in Oakland (Duke University Press, 2013) On Black Panthers still in prison after close to 50 years: https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2018/jul/30/black-panthers-prison-interviews- african-american-activism

12 Brenda Gayle Plummer, In Search of Power: African Americans in the Era of Decolonization, 1956-1974 (Cambridge University Press, 2013) Nikhil Pal Singh, Black is a Country: Race and the Unfinished Struggle for Democracy Manning Marable, Malcolm X: A Life of Reinvention (New York: Viking, 2011)

November 10: The Making of the Carceral State in the 1960s and 1970s

Historiography:

E Book at the Library: Elizabeth Hinton, From the War on Poverty to the War on Crime: The Making of Mass Incarceration in America (Harvard University Press, 2016) Introduction, “Origins of Mass Incarceration,” p. 1—26 https://ocul- uo.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/discovery/fulldisplay?docid=cdi_askewsholts_vlebooks _9780674969223&context=PC&vid=01OCUL_UO:UO_DEFAULT&lang=en&search_sc ope=MyInst_and_CI&adaptor=Primo%20Central&tab=Everything&query=any,conta ins,from%20the%20war%20on%20poverty%20to%20the%20war%20on%20crim e&offset=0

Scan on Brightspace: Naomi Murakawa, The First Civil Right: How Liberals Built Prison America (Oxford University Press, 2014), p. 1-19

E Book at the Library: From Asylum to Prison: Deinstitutionalization and the Rise of Mass Incarceration After 1945 (University of North Carolina Press, 2018) Read from Introduction, p. 1-16. https://ocul- uo.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/discovery/fulldisplay?docid=cdi_askewsholts_vlebooks _9781469640655&context=PC&vid=01OCUL_UO:UO_DEFAULT&lang=en&search_sc ope=MyInst_and_CI&adaptor=Primo%20Central&tab=Everything&query=any,conta ins,from%20asylum%20to%20prison&offset=0

E Book at the Library: Michael Javen Fortner, Black Silent Majority: The Rockefeller Drug Laws and the Politics of Punishment (Harvard University Press, 2015), p. ix—xii and p. 10-23 https://ocul- uo.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/discovery/fulldisplay?docid=alma9910449466842051 61&context=L&vid=01OCUL_UO:UO_DEFAULT&lang=en&search_scope=MyInst_and _CI&adaptor=Local%20Search%20Engine&tab=Everything&query=any,contains,bla ck%20silent%20majority%20the%20rockefeller%20drug%20laws%20and%20the %20politics%20of%20punishment%20michael%20javen%20fortner&offset=0

Timothy Stewart-Winter, “Queer Law and Order: Sex, Criminality, and Policing in the Late Twentieth-Century United States,” in Journal of American History June 2015 Vol. 102 No. 1 p. 61—72

13 https://journals-scholarsportal- info.proxy.bib.uottawa.ca/pdf/00218723/v102i0001/61_qlaoscitltus.xml

Recommended: Documentary by Ava DuVernay, “The 13th” Essay on the Twenty-First Century Militarization of Police: https://newrepublic.com/article/141675/professor-carnage-dave-grossman-police- warrior-philosophy Christina Hanhardt, Safe Space: Gay Neighborhood History and the Politics of Violence (Duke University Press, 2013) Loic Wacquant, Prisons of Poverty (University of Minnesota Press, 2009) James Forman Jr., Locking Up Our Own: Crime and Punishment in Black America (New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2017) Julilly Kohler-Hausmann, Getting Tough: Welfare and Imprisonment in 1970s America (Princeton University Press, 2017) Chandan Reddy, Freedom with Violence: Race, Sexuality, and the U.S. State (Duke University Press, 2011) Heather Ann Thompson, Blood in the Water: the Attica Prison Uprising of 1971 and its Legacy (New York: Pantheon, 2016) John Pfaff, Locked In: The True Causes of Mass Incarceration and How to Achieve Real Reform (New York: Basic Books, 2017) Kelly Lytle Hernandez, City of Inmates: Conquest, Rebellion and the Rise of Human Caging in Los Angeles, 1771-1965 Essay: Mark Binelli, “The Fire Last Time” (On 1970s Policing in Detroit) https://newrepublic.com/article/141701/fire-last-time-detroit-stress-police-squad- terrorized-black-community

November 17: The “War on Drugs” and Crime and Punishment in the Neoliberal Moment:

Historiography:

E Book at the Library Elizabeth Hinton, From the War on Poverty to the War on Crime: The Making of Mass Incarceration in America (Harvard University Press, 2016) Chapter 9: “From the War on Poverty to the War on Drugs,” p. 307—333 https://ocul- uo.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/discovery/fulldisplay?docid=cdi_askewsholts_vlebooks _9780674969223&context=PC&vid=01OCUL_UO:UO_DEFAULT&lang=en&search_sc ope=MyInst_and_CI&adaptor=Primo%20Central&tab=Everything&query=any,conta ins,from%20the%20war%20on%20poverty%20to%20the%20war%20on%20crim e&offset=0

Matthew D. Lassiter, “Impossible Criminals: The Suburban Imperatives of America’s War on Drugs,” Journal of American History June 2015 Vol. 102 No. 1 p. 126-140:

14 https://journals-scholarsportal- info.proxy.bib.uottawa.ca/pdf/00218723/v102i0001/126_ictsioawod.xml

Donna Murch, “Crack in Los Angeles: Crisis, Militarization, and Black Response to the Late Twentieth Century War on Drugs,” in Journal of American History June 2015 Vol. 102 No. 1, p. 162-173 https://journals-scholarsportal- info.proxy.bib.uottawa.ca/pdf/00218723/v102i0001/162_cilacmtltwod.xml

E Book at the Library: Jason E. Glenn, “Making Crack Babies: Race Discourse and the Biologization of Behavior,” p. 237—260 in Laurie B. Green et al, eds., Precarious Prescriptions: Contested Histories of Race and Health in North America E BOOK at the Library https://ocul- uo.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/discovery/fulldisplay?docid=cdi_proquest_ebookcentr al_EBC1693978&context=PC&vid=01OCUL_UO:UO_DEFAULT&lang=en&search_sco pe=MyInst_and_CI&adaptor=Primo%20Central&tab=Everything&query=any,contai ns,precarious%20prescriptions&offset=0

Recommended: Historiography: Tricia Rose, “Rap Music and the Demonization of Young Black Males,” p. 149-157 in Thelma Golden, Black Male: Representations of Masculinity in Contemporary American Art (New York: Whitney Museum of American Art, 1994) Tricia Rose, Black Noise Michelle Alexander, The New Jim Crow: Mass Incarceration in the Age of Colorblindness (New York: the New Press, 2010)

November 24: The “Post-Racial” Turn-of-the-Millennium?

Essays and Philosophical Reflections:

E Book at the Library: E. Renee Sanders-Lawson and Bill E. Lawson, “Trayvon Martin, Racism, and the Dilemma of the African American Parent,” p. 183—191 in George Yancy and Janine Jones, Pursuing Trayvon Martin: Historical Contexts and Contemporary Manifestations of Racial Dynamics (Lexington Books, 2013) https://ocul- uo.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/discovery/fulldisplay?docid=alma9910449466838051 61&context=L&vid=01OCUL_UO:UO_DEFAULT&lang=en&search_scope=MyInst_and _CI&adaptor=Local%20Search%20Engine&tab=Everything&query=any,contains,pu rsuing%20trayvon%20martin&offset=0

Scan on Brightspace: From Ibram X. Kendi, How to be an Antiracist (New York: Random House, 2019), p. 3-10.

15 E Book at the Library: George Yancy, Black Bodies, White Gazes: The Continuing Significance of Race (Plymouth, UK: Rowman and Littlefield, 2008), p. xv—xxiv ONLINE https://ocul- uo.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/discovery/fulldisplay?docid=alma9910403154497051 61&context=L&vid=01OCUL_UO:UO_DEFAULT&lang=en&search_scope=MyInst_and _CI&adaptor=Local%20Search%20Engine&tab=Everything&query=any,contains,bla ck%20bodies%20%20white%20gazes&sortby=rank&mode=basic

E Book at the Library: Ishmael Reed, “Fallacies of the Post-Race Presidency,” p. 220-242 in Houston A. Baker, Jr. and K. Merinda Simmons, The Trouble with Post- Blackness (Columbia University Press, 2015) https://ocul- uo.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/discovery/fulldisplay?docid=alma9910320567097051 61&context=L&vid=01OCUL_UO:UO_DEFAULT&lang=en&search_scope=MyInst_and _CI&adaptor=Local%20Search%20Engine&tab=Everything&query=any,contains,tro uble%20with%20blackness&offset=0

Historiography: Scan on Brightspace: Ibram K. Kendi, Stamped From the Beginning: The Definitive History of Racist Ideas in America (New York: Nation Books, 2016), p. 497-511

Scan on Brightspace: Henry A. Giroux, America at War With Itself (San Francisco: City Lights Books, 2017), Foreword by Robin D. G. Kelley, p. xi-xv and “Sandra Bland’s America,” p. 169-189

Recommended: Memoir: Kiese Laymon, How to Slowly Kill Yourself and Others in America (Bolden Books, 2013), p. 35-43 and p. 99-100 Ta-Nehisi Coates, Between the World and Me Angela Davis, The Meaning of Freedom and Other Difficult Dialogues (San Francisco: City Lights Books, 2012) Historiography: Nikil Pal Singh, Race and America’s Long War (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2017) Angela J. Davis, ed. Policing the Black Man: Arrest, Prosecution, and Imprisonment (New York: Pantheon Books, 2017) Jordan T. Camp and Christina Heatherton, Policing the Planet: Why the Policing Crisis Led to Black Lives Matter (New York: Verso, 2016) Christopher J. Lebron, The Making of Black Lives Matter: A Brief History of an Idea (Oxford University Press, 2017), From Chapter 4, “Where is the Love? The Hope for America’s Redemption,” p. 97-113

December 1: On the Dismantling Confederate Monuments as an Imperative for Black Lives Matter: How do Social Movements Perceive the Uses of the Past?

16

Historiography:

E-Book at the Library: Dell Upton, What Can and Can’t Be Said: Race, Uplift, and Monument Building in the Contemporary South (Yale University Press, 2015) Read Chapter 1, “Dual Heritage,” p. 25-65 From Chapter 2, “Accentuate the Positive,” p. 90-95 https://ocul- uo.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/discovery/fulldisplay?docid=alma9910449466841051 61&context=L&vid=01OCUL_UO:UO_DEFAULT&lang=en&search_scope=MyInst_and _CI&adaptor=Local%20Search%20Engine&tab=Everything&query=any,contains,wh at%20can%20and%20can%27t%20be%20said&offset=0

Theory and Media Sources:

Does a Counter-Monument Strategy Help to Mitigate Confederate Row?

Kriston Capps, “Kehinde Wiley’s Anti-Confederate Memorial,” in The New Yorker, December 24, 2019 https://www.newyorker.com/culture/culture-desk/kehinde-wileys-anti- confederate-memorial

Adrianne Russell, “Museums and Black Lives Matter,” in Code Words: Technology and Theory in the Museum, September 20, 2015. https://medium.com/code-words-technology-and-theory-in-the- museum/museums-blacklivesmatter-ba28c7111bec

Podcast:

Please Be Aware of the Discussion of the Sexual Violence Here Caroline Randall Williams, “You Want a Confederate Monument? My Body is a Confederate Monument.” 2020. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vIdiI3m7OMg

Watch this Short Video on the Lynching Museum in Montgomery, Alabama: https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/video/2018/apr/26/pain-and-terror- america-remembers-its-past

Recommended: Tony Horwitz, Confederates in the Attic: Dispatches from the Unfinished Civil War (New York: Vintage Books, 1998) Martin Durham, White Rage: The Extreme Right and American Politics Matthew Frye Jacobson, Roots Too: White Ethnic Revival in Post Civil Rights America Michelle Fine et al, eds., Off White: Readings on Power, Privilege and Resistance (New York: Routledge, 2004) Ta-Nehisi Coates, “The First White President,”

17 https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2017/10/the-first-white-president-ta- nehisi-coates/537909/ Essay: Jane Dailey, “Baltimore’s Confederate Monument Was Never About History and Culture”: http://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/confederate-monuments-history-trump- baltimore_us_5995a3a6e4b0d0d2cc84c952 Primary Source: Documentary: “The Heritage of Slavery,” 1968 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=A1EAY0RDDJQ

December 8: Presentations on Contemporary History

Strongly Recommended Podcast:

Ta-Nehisi Coates, “The Case for Reparations” https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2014/06/the-case-for- reparations/361631/

Recommended: Brentin Mock, “How America Has Racialized Medicine During Epidemics,” Bloomberg City Lab, April 2020: https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2020-04-14/a-history-of-epidemics-and- racialized-medicine

18 Appendix 1:

Additional Primary Sources and Useful Databases for Research Papers:

General:

Digital Public Library of America: https://dp.la/

Hathi Trust Library: https://www.hathitrust.org

Archive.org: www.archive.org

Library of Congress, American Memory Project: http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/index.html Collection topics include: Advertising, African American history, Native American history, women’s history, culture, environment, government and legal documents, literature, music, presidents, religion, sports, wars, among others.

African American History and Culture: http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/mcchtml/afrhm.html

Online digital collections (African Americans and LGBTQ): https://www.loc.gov/collections/?q=african+americans

The Gilder Lehrman Collection of American History Documents: https://www.gilderlehrman.org/history-resources

Primary Sources on the Black Panthers and Black Power: http://guides.lib.berkeley.edu/c.php?g=224998&p=1490819

Civil Rights Digital Library: http://crdl.usg.edu/?Welcome

Black Civil Rights Primary Sources Online: http://www.shsulibraryguides.org/c.php?g=86715&p=558148

Black Panther Resources: https://www.marxists.org/history/usa/workers/black-panthers/

Black Panther Free Borrow and Streaming Internet Archives, January 1, 1968: www.archive.org

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Civil Rights/Human Rights Sources: http://guides.library.georgetown.edu/c.php?g=75457&p=491021

Jet Magazine Online: https://books.google.ca/books?id=v8ADAAAAMBAJ&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_ summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false

Ebony 1965, Special Issue on “The White Problem in America”: https://books.google.ca/books?id=N94DAAAAMBAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=Ebony&hl= en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwje3OTts4rqAhUvhHIEHYk- AasQ6AEIUjAG#v=onepage&q=Ebony&f=false

Databases at the U of O Library:

American Race Relations: Global Perspectives, 1941-1996

Black Thought and Culture**************Highly recommended!***********

Historical Abstracts (Secondary sources, probably the best for historiography)

Historical New York Times

LGBT Studies in Video

LGBT Thought and Culture

Sixties Primary Documents and Personal Narratives

Worldcat*******perhaps start here for any topic!!!

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Appendix 2 About Life in General:

Academic Accommodations Service

For students who need adaptive measures

Students who have a disability or functional limitation and who need adaptive measures (changes to the physical setting, arrangements for exams, learning strategies, adaptive technologies, etc.) to progress or participate fully in university life should contact Academic Accommodations Service by:

1. email at [email protected] or by calling at 613-562-5976; 2. logging into the Academic Accommodations Portal (Ventus) and completing the intake form

Ressources en Santé Mentale/Mental Health Resources

Ressources recommandées par les Services Jeunesses d’Ottawa (613.230.2360) et Le Royal Santé Mentale (613-722-6521).

These resources were recommended by the Youth Services Bureau Ottawa (613.230.2360) and the Royal Ottawa Hospital (613-722-6521).

Université Saint Paul 223 rue Main-- 613.782.3022; prix variables pour counseling. Pas nécessaire d'être Catholique. Saint Paul University 223 Main Street-- 613.782.3022 ; sliding scale for counselling sessions. Do not need to be Catholic.

Centre de santé communautaire du Centre-Ville 420 rue cooper--613.233.4443; Clinique sans rendez-vous. Centretown Community Health Centre 420 Cooper Street-- 613.233.4443; walk-in clinics.

La Clinique de counseling sans rendez-vous Ottawa Mental Health Walk-In Clinics Ottawa https://walkincounselling.com/

Clinique sans rendez-vous services jeunesses d’Ottawa Walk-in Clinic Youth Services Bureau https://www.ysb.ca/services/ysb-mental-health/youth-mental-health-walk-in-clinic/

Services a la famille Ottawa Family Services Ottawa

21 https://familyservicesottawa.org/adults/individual- counselling/ https://familyservicesottawa.org/adults/mental-health-programs/

Lignes de Crise: Centre de Détresse: 613-238-3311 Ligne de Crise: 613-722-6914 Phone and Chat Lines: Distress Centre: 613-238-3311 Crisis Line: 613-722-6914 https://www.dcottawa.on.ca/i-need-help/

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