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Locking up Our Own: James Forman Jr. in Conversation with Khalil Gibran Muhammad"
TRANSCRIPT "LOCKING UP OUR OWN: JAMES FORMAN JR. IN CONVERSATION WITH KHALIL GIBRAN MUHAMMAD" A conversation with James Forman, Jr. and Khalil Gibran Muhammad Introduction: Leonard Noisette Recorded May 8, 2017 ANNOUNCER: You are listening to a recording of the Open Society Foundations, working to build vibrant and tolerant democracies worldwide. Visit us at OpenSocietyFoundations.org. LEONARD NOISETTE: Good afternoon. Thanks to the Open Society fellowship program for pulling this event together. And thank you all for joining us. I'm Lenny Noisette. I oversee the criminal justice portfolio here in U.S. programs as-- as part of the Open Society Foundations. So I am particularly pleased to be able to kick off what I am sure will be an engaging and informative discussion with James Forman and Khalil-Gibran Muhammad about James's compelling new book, Locking Up Our Own: Crime and Punishment in Black America. Just by way of instruction, James Forman Jr. is a professor of law at Yale Law School. He is a graduate of-- At-- Atlanta's Roosevelt High School, Brown University, and Yale Law School. And was a law clerk for Judge William Norris of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit and Justice Sandra Day O’Connor of the United States Supreme Court. After clerking, James joined the Public Defender Service in Washington, D-- D.C., where for six years he represented both youth and adults charged with crimes. During his time as a public defender, James became frustrated with the lack of TRANSCRIPT: LOCKING UP OUR OWN: JAMES FORMAN JR. -
A Review of the New Jim Crow and the Condemnation of Blackness
The Influence of Past Racism on Present Criminal Injustice 143 Review Essay The Influence of Past Racism on Criminal Injustice: A Review of The New Jim Crow and The Condemnation of Blackness Jelani Jefferson Exum THE NEW JIM CROW: Mass Incarceration in the Age of Color- blindness. By Michelle Alexander. New York: The New Press. 2010. THE CONDEMNATION OF BLACKNESS: Race, Crime, and the Making of Modern Urban America. By Khalil Gibran Mu- hammad. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. 2010. There are books that, on their own, are informative and moving. But, of- tentimes, reading books together—one right after the other—compounds each works’ transformative power. Michelle Alexander’s much-needed report (calling it simply a book hardly does it justice), The New Jim Crow: Mass Incarceration in the Age of Colorblindness, can certainly stand on its own as an important statement about the current use of mass incarceration to maintain a racial caste system in the United States. The same strength can be found in The Condemnation 0026-3079/2012/5201-143$2.50/0 American Studies, 52:1 (2012): 143-152 143 144 Jelani Jefferson Exum of Blackness: Race, Crime, and the Making of Modern Urban America, Khalil Gibran Muhammad’s account of the connection of blackness to criminality in this country. Each book, on its own, gives readers a greater understanding of the racism within the criminal justice system. However, reading them jointly paints a disturbing picture of the past and present use of incarceration and crime rhetoric in America and leaves one with an overwhelming sense of injustice and the data to know that the injustice is real. -
On the Record Reporting (512) 450-0342 2
THE SQUARE ONE PROJECT ROUNDTABLE ON THE FUTURE OF JUSTICE POLICY EXAMINING JUSTICE REFORM AND THE SOCIAL CONTRACT IN THE UNITED STATES: IMPLICATIONS FOR JUSTICE POLICY AND PRACTICE Zoom meeting 4:00 p.m. EST Wednesday, August 12, 2020 ON THE RECORD REPORTING (512) 450-0342 2 PARTICIPANTS: Aisha McWeay | Executive Director, Still She Rises Tulsa Ananya Roy | Professor of Urban Planning, Social Welfare, and Geography and the Meyer and Renee Luskin Chair in Inequality and Democracy, UCLA Bruce Western | Co-Founder, Square One Project; Co-Director, Justice Lab; Bryce Professor of Sociology and Social Justice, Columbia University Chas Moore | Founder and Executive Director, Austin Justice Coalition Courtney Robinson |Founder, Excellence and Advancement Foundation Danielle Allen | James Bryant Conant University Professor and Director, Edmond J. Safra Center for Ethics, Harvard University David Garland | Arthur T. Vanderbilt Professor of Law Professor of Sociology, New York University Deanna Van Buren | Co-Founder, Executive Director, Design Director, Designing Justice + Designing Spaces Dona Kim Murphey | Director of Medical Initiatives, Project Lifeline; Neurologist Eddie Bocanegra | Senior Director, READI Chicago Heartland Alliance Elizabeth Hinton | Associate Professor of History and African and African American Studies, Harvard University Emily Wang | Associate Professor of Medicine, Yale School of Medicine; Director, Health Justice Lab; Co-Founder, Transitions Clinic Network Erik Bringswhite | Co-Founder and Executive Director, I. Am. -
FALL 2019 NEWSLETTER from the 2019-20 Department Chair, Evelyn Brooks Higginbotham
FALL 2019 NEWSLETTER From the 2019-20 Department Chair, Evelyn Brooks Higginbotham The History Department is revving up for department, they contributed greatly to the 2019-2020 academic year. In looking their fields of study, to Harvard, and to the forward to the opening of the semester, we historical profession. In fall 2018, death express excitement about the return of the also took alum Stephen Walsh, who received many faculty members who were on leave his PhD in History in 2014. The faculty last year. We welcome you back! And we voted last spring to honor his memory. One call special attention to Tiya Miles and Derek of the department’s three annual History Penslar, who spent their first year as Prize Instructorships will be called the tenured faculty at Harvard (2018-2019) on Stephen A. Walsh History Prize leave and join us this fall in a full and active Instructorship for the next three years way. Tiya Miles offers courses on African (2019-2022). Americans and Native Americans. She is also attentive to gender as one of her The History Department’s faculty news is course titles reveals—“Native American filled with much to highlight. Kirsten Weld Evelyn Brooks Women: History and Myth.” Derek Penslar was promoted to the rank of full professor Higginbotham offers courses in modern Jewish History. He and Arunabh Ghosh was promoted to Department Chair will teach the Gen Ed course “Is War associate professor. David Howell, Inevitable.” Similarly, Liz Cohen returns to previously an affiliate in the department, Dimiter Angelov the History faculty after her sabbatical, now holds a joint appointment with History Outgoing Director of which followed seven years of stellar and East Asian Languages and Civilizations leadership as the Dean of Radcliffe. -
Khalil Gibran Muhammad
Khalil Gibran Muhammad Director, The Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture Khalil Gibran Muhammad is a Visiting Professor at the CUNY Graduate Center and the Director of the Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture, a research division of the New York Public Library and one of the world’s leading research facilities dedicated to the history of the African diaspora. Khalil holds a doctorate in US history from Rutgers University (2004) and is a former associate professor of history at Indiana University. He is the author of The Condemnation of Blackness: Race, Crime, and the Making of Modern Urban America (Harvard), which won the 2011 John Hope Franklin Best Book award in American Studies. He is a contributing author of a 2014 National Research Council study, The Growth of Incarceration in the United States: Exploring Causes and Consequences (National Academies Press). His research focuses on racial criminalization in modern U.S. History. Khalil’s scholarship has been featured in a number of national print and broadcast media outlets, including the New York Times, New Yorker, Washington Post, NPR and MSNBC. Muhammad is a former associate editor of The Journal of American History and prior Andrew W. Mellon fellow at the Vera Institute of Justice. He is the recipient of numerous awards and honors for his commitment to public engagement, including Crain Business Magazine’s 40 under 40 (2011), Ebony Power 100 (2013) and The Root 100 of Black Influencers (2012 and 2013). He also holds two honorary doctorates from The New School (2013) and Bloomfield College (2014). He serves on the board of The Barnes Foundation, and the editorial boards of Transition magazine and the North Star Series of John Hopkins Press. -
From Social Welfare to Social Control: Federal War in American Cities, 1968-1988
From Social Welfare to Social Control: Federal War in American Cities, 1968-1988 Elizabeth Kai Hinton Submitted in partial fulfillment of requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY 2013 © 2012 Elizabeth Kai Hinton All rights reserved ABSTRACT From Social Welfare to Social Control: Federal War in American Cities, 1968-1988 Elizabeth Hinton The first historical account of federal crime control policy, “From Social Welfare to Social Control” contextualizes the mass incarceration of marginalized Americans by illuminating the process that gave rise to the modern carceral state in the decades after the Civil Rights Movement. The dissertation examines the development of the national law enforcement program during its initial two decades, from the Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act of 1968, which established the block grant system and a massive federal investment into penal and juridical agencies, to the Omnibus Anti-Drug Abuse Act of 1988, which set sentencing guidelines that ensured historic incarceration rates. During this critical period, Presidential Administrations, State Departments, and Congress refocused the domestic agenda from social programs to crime and punishment. To challenge our understanding of the liberal welfare state and the rise of modern conservatism, “From Social Welfare to Social Control” emphasizes the bipartisan dimensions of punitive policy and situates crime control as the dominant federal response to the social and demographic transformations brought about by mass protest and the decline of domestic manufacturing. The federal government’s decision to manage the material consequences of rising unemployment, subpar school systems, and poverty in American cities as they manifested through crime reinforced violence within the communities national law enforcement legislation targeted with billions of dollars in grant funds from 1968 onwards. -
Khalil Gibral Muhammad, Author of Condemnation of Blackness, to Give 7Th Anne Braden Lecture on Nov. 20
N E W S L E T T E R Opened in 2007 in honor of human rights activist Anne Braden, the Braden Institute bridges the gap between academic research and racial and social justice activism. Newsletter Issue No. 7 Fall 2013 “A new massive thrust toward racial justice will not alone solve all the Anne Braden Institute (ABI) Reading Room problems that face us, but I am convinced that unless such a thrust 258 Ekstrom Library develops—one that is global in its outlook—the other problems will Open Mon-Thurs 9-4:30; open until 6pm most Wednesdays; Fridays, not be solved.” --Anne Braden, 1999 evenings, & weekends by appointment Call (502) 852-6142 or follow us on Facebook or Twitter Web address: www.louisville.edu/braden to have public education. It was because of black political represen- Khalil Gibral Muhammad, author of tatives in state congresses in the late 1860s and 1870s that they passed legislation to establish the first public education systems in Condemnation of Blackness, to Give the South. That's a major contribution. And it demonstrates how important making real democracy is. And this country has … that 7th Anne Braden Lecture on Nov. 20 tradition of black activism to thank Dr. Khalil Gibran Muhammad, director of the Schomburg Cen- for that.” ter for Research in Black Culture at the New York Public Library Muhammad earned his Ph.D. and former associate professor at Indiana University Bloomington, in U.S. History from Rutgers Uni- will deliver the 7th Annual Anne Braden Memorial Lecture, on versity in 2004, and holds an hon- Wednesday, November 20, 2013, at 5:30 pm. -
The Racist Roots of Work Requirements Elisa Minoff Acknowledgements
February 2020 The Racist Roots of Work Requirements Elisa Minoff Acknowledgements This report benefited tremendously from the advice and careful attention of colleagues at CSSP. Thank you to Megan Martin, for shepherding this report from its inception, and to Megan, Kristen Weber, Juanita Gallion, Ann Thúy Nguyễn, and Jessica Pika for reading drafts and providing helpful suggestions and edits. Thoughtful and thought-provoking feedback from external reviewers significantly improved this report. Thank you to Mark Greenberg, Migration Policy Institute; William Jones, University of Minnesota; Felicia Kornbluh, University of Vermont; Khalil Gibran Muhammad, Harvard University; and Caitlin Rosenthal, University of California, Berkeley. Any errors are the author’s alone. Suggested Citation: Minoff, Elisa. “The Racist Roots of Work Requirements.” Center for the Study of Social Policy, February 2020. Available at: https://cssp.org/ resource/racist-roots-of-work-requirements/ INTRODUCTION 4 ORIGINS OF WORK REQUIREMENTS: TIMELINE 6 SLAVERY‘S LEGACY 8 EXPERIMENTS IN WORK REQUIREMENTS 10 THE BIRTH OF MODERN WORK REQUIREMENTS 14 WORK REQUIREMENTS COME OF AGE 21 WHERE WE ARE TODAY 25 ENDNOTES 28 TABLE OF CONTENT TABLE | Center for the Study of Social Policy Social Policy of the Study for | Center The Racist Roots of Work Requirements Requirements Work of The Racist Roots 3 Introduction In September 2018, news broke that more than 4,000 people lost health insurance as a result of Arkansas’ new Medicaid work requirement. In a press conference responding to the announcement, Governor Asa Hutchinson mused that the coverage loss could be attributable to the fact that some people “simply don’t want to be part of the workforce. -
Biographical Description for the Historymakers® Video Oral History with Khalil Gibran Muhammad
Biographical Description for The HistoryMakers® Video Oral History with Khalil Gibran Muhammad PERSON Muhammad, Khalil Gibran, 1972- Alternative Names: Khalil Gibran Muhammad; Life Dates: April 27, 1972- Place of Birth: Chicago, Illinois, USA Residence: South Orange, NJ Work: Cambridge, MA Occupations: Historian; Library Administrator Biographical Note Historian Khalil Gibran Muhammad was born on April 27, 1972 in Chicago, Illinois to Ozier Muhammad and Kimberly Muhammad-Earl. He completed his B.A. degree in economics at the University of Pennsylvania degree in economics at the University of Pennsylvania in 1993, and his Ph.D. degree in history at Rutgers University in 2004. Initially intending to work in finance, Muhammad worked at Deloitte-Touche for almost two years before beginning his Ph.D. work in history. Following his graduation from Rutgers University in 2004, Muhammad worked as an Andrew W. Mellon Postdoctoral Fellow at the Vera Institute of Justice for two years. He then joined the faculty of Indiana University in Bloomington as an associate professor of history, where he taught for five years, focusing his teaching and research on the ideas of black criminality following the American Civil War. In 2011, Muhammad was selected as the next director of the Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture in Harlem. While there, Muhammad sought to expand the center’s outreach and funding, focusing particularly on programming to attract younger audiences. In late 2015, Muhammad announced he was leaving the Schomburg Center to join the faculty of Harvard’s Kennedy School as professor of history, race, and public policy. He was also hired as the Suzanne Young Murray Professor at the Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study. -
Allyship and Antiracism Reading List
ROCKY TOPICS: ALLYSHIP AND ANTIRACISM READING LIST Racial Justice Resources Compiled by the UTK Women, Gender and Sexuality Program and Dr. Patrick R. Grzanka 75 Actions for Racial Justice: https://medium.com/equality-includes-you/what-white-people-can-do-for-racial- justice-f2d18b0e0234 How to be an Anti-Racist by Ibram X. Kendi: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TzuOlyyQlug The African American Policy Forum: https://aapf.org INCITE! Women of Color Collective: https://incite-national.org/resources-for-organizing/ Black Mama’s Bail Out: https://nationalbailout.org/black-mamas-bail-out/ Locally: @knoxvillesblackmamasbailout The Bail Project: bailproject.org Race: The Power of an Illusion (film and resources) https://www.racepowerofanillusion.org/ Dismantling Racism Resources: https://www.dismantlingracism.org/resources.html?fbclid=IwAR1qLTwd- kD6p23tYmrhzqJjvYGyZv5aGFNRVlz9e5N2wttug3jcLub3wWE Black Feminism & the Movement for Black Lives: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eV3nnFheQRo&feature=youtu.be Philadelphia MOVE Bombing Documentary: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vpbGgysqE4c The 1619 Project: https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2019/08/14/magazine/1619-america- slavery.html (also available at lib.utk.edu) 30+ Resources to Help White Americans Learn about Race and Racism: https://everydayfeminism.com/2015/07/white-americans-learn-race/ Movement for Black Lives: https://m4bl.org (see especially The Platform) Southerners on New Ground: https://southernersonnewground.org Reading toward Abolition: A Reading List on Policing Rebellion, and -
True Colors: Crime, Race and Colorblindness Revisited
\\jciprod01\productn\C\CJP\28-2\CJP203.txt unknown Seq: 1 15-APR-19 16:38 TRUE COLORS: CRIME, RACE AND COLORBLINDNESS REVISITED Itay Ravid* The violent, racially motivated events of the Charlottesville rally unleashed demons that many Americans believed were long buried. Old Jim Crow-inspired racism came straight through the front door. Yet crit- ics of colorblind policies were not surprised. For them, such an eruption of racial hatred manifested what they had repeatedly argued: colorblind policies neither alter racial predispositions nor affect the unequal treat- ment of minorities in the United States. In fact, colorblindness has given rise to a modern, latent type of racism. This Article empirically investi- gates this claim in an unexplored context—the media’s colorblind, crime-related coverage policies. Utilizing a novel dataset spanning ten years of crime coverage under the media’s colorblind policy contrasted with national and state-level crime statistics, this longitudinal study com- plicates the controversy around colorblindness. First, while explicit ra- cial references in crime reports declined, they were replaced by implicit racial cues, primarily by the use of visuals. Second, racial schemas in the criminal context prevailed with unbalanced representations of black and white perpetrators compared to real crime statistics, both at the local and national level. Through these findings, this Article adds a new di- mension to the scholarship on the indivisibility between race and crime in an era of colorblindness. It offers the incognizant liberal trap as a conceptual framework to engage with these findings, and an explanation for the failure of liberal news outlets to combat racially distorted narra- tives. -
Roundtable on the Future of Justice Policy
Roundtable on the Future of Justice Policy Examining Criminalization, Punitive Excess and the Courts in the United States: Implications for Justice Policy and Practice Co-hosted by Merritt College and the Justice Lab at Columbia University A Review of Recent Historical Scholarship on Racial Criminalization and Punitive Policy in the United States Khalil Gibran Muhammad, Harvard Kennedy School The United States is the most punitive country in the world. By population, by per capita rates and by expenditures, the United exceeds all other nations in how many of its citizens, asylum seekers, and undocumented immigrants are under some form of criminal justice supervision. Over the past two decades, there has been an explosion of reports by government agencies, non-profits, and international advocacy organizations exploring the dimensions of what is unquestionably a peculiar form of American exceptionalism. While empirical and comparative data on the size and scope of the American system and its many “clients” will continue to lie at the heart of many of these reports, only within the past decade has research on the historical roots of American punitiveness gained increasing attention. Why the United States is so punitive may be the most relevant question to answer. But it is also among the most difficult. The challenge is not the lack of various historical drivers or causes or even the range of possible philosophical explanations for how Americans have imagined crime, sin, human nature, and the utility of punishment going back to the Enlightenment period. The problem is that historical and philosophical explanations have been the least credible or authoritative in explaining mass incarceration among policymakers.