THE NEW AGE A WEEKLY REVIEW OF POLITICS, LITERATURE AND ART.

Vol. VI. No. 10. THURSDAY,JAN. 6, 1910. THREEPENCE.

RIDERS TO THE SEA. 218 THE NEW AGE JANUARY 6, 1910

CONTENTS. PAGE PAGE A CARTOON: Riders to the Sea. By John P. Campbell. ... 217 THEGLORY HOLE. By F. H. Burlingham ...... 226 NOTESOF THE WEEK ...... 218 THE SAGE By MaximeGorki ...... 218 CHURCH SOCIALIST LEAGUEMANIFESTO ...... 219 A LITERARY SUPPLEMENT with CARTOON. FOREIGN AFFAIRS. By Stanhope of Chester ...... 220 A STORY FOR THE NEW YEAR. By Anatole France ...... 220 EYE-OPENERS FOR ELECTORS.III. By O. W. Dyce...... 221 BOOKS AND PERSONS.By Jacob Tonson ...... 230 IMAGINARYSPEECHES IV. Mr.Balfour. By J. C. Squire 222 PAUL VERLAINE.By FrancisGrierson ...... 231 A STUDYIN JINGOISM By C. H. Norman ...... 223 THE UNKNOWN SHAKESPEARE II. By Allen Upward ... 232 ON CULTURE. By M. D. Eder ...... 224 VERSE.By F. S. Flint ...... 233 MILITANCYAND HUMANITY By D. Triformis ...... 225 THe GOD AND THE HARLOT. By RobertLevy, after Goethe 235 PROPHETIC PARAGRAPHS V. Discovery of theMoon. By MODERNBIBLIOGRAPHIES. I. H. G. Wells ...... 237 Alcofrida ...... 226 DRAMA,INSURANCE NOTES, CORRESPONDENCE.

All EDITORIAL and BUSINESS communications we know, resent this bitterly ; resent also the fact that must be sent to 38, Cursitor Street, E.G. THENEW AGE hasconsistently maintained this view from the very day that the Lords first threatened their high-handed act of aggression. But our reply is simple. NOTES THE WEEK. You cannot preach economics to ears deafened by poli- OF ticalclamour nor find anentrance for ideas of social No mastercurrent has yetemerged in the turmoilof reform in minds occupied with constitutional questions. the election. Whether it be thelingering effects of It is sad, but true ; and we must content ourselves with Christmas or moreserious reasons, there is a want of doingthe best thing under thecircumstances and in verve in thebattle, which argues some weakness of postponingfor a morefavourable occasion our own convictionsomewhere. Intruth, no great and even propaganda. momentous election was ever foughtmore completely *** in thedark. We do not believe that even atthis late This is practicallyforced on us after reflectingon a hour of the political day more than a few dozen leaders fact which grows more obvious daily, namely, the hope- of the four parties know what they are doing or whither less division and cross-currents thatexist in the pro- they aregoing. Tariff Reformis certainly a leap in fessedlySocialist ranks. The eve of an election is not thedark, and Tariff Reformers of thehonester sort the occasion for a discussion of the causes of these divi- maybe forgiven for being dubious of the wisdom of sions,but they areunmistakable and, in our view, their policy. Butequally Liberals are somewhat forthe momentunbridgeable. We may say if we like doubtful, if not of the issue of the election, at least of that the Labour Party has failed as the political instru- their power to carry out a mandate against the House ment of the Socialist novement ; and so it has, if once of Lords, especially at the price of Home Rule, Welsh we assume, as we must assume, that a representative Disestablishment,andfurther instalments of the Socialist Party would permit no distinction of classes in dreadedSocialism. Thesedoubts are faithfullyre- itsexecutive body. The Labour Party, as anyonecan flected in the divisions now arising in the Unionist camp plainly see who takes the trouble to examine its list of and in the defections of wealthy tradespeople from the seventy-eight candidates is quite as intent on excluding Liberal ranks.There is, in fact something of a re- superior intellects from its councils as in accomplishing shuffling of the political cards,preparatory to a new its proper work of influencing legislation in the highest game,on which thestakes to be played for are degreeand in aSocialist direction. In otherwords, ruinouslyhigh. the Labour Party is not and will not now ever, become * * * a trulySocialist or evennational party. Onthe other If it were possible to remain completely isolated from hand, the divisions among the Socialist groups outside the issue and to study them philosopher-wise,with no the Labour Party are not a whit less discouraging. At need to act upon decision, we might prefer to luxuriate thepresent moment our variousSocialist leaders are in the innocuous impartiality which philosophy and the eitherengaged in denouncingeach otheror in the reflection that in thelong run all partiesare alike in- equally futile task of alternately reinforcing the extreme fallibly give.But on theday of the poll impartiality sections of each of the Liberal and TariffReform is impossible. A decision mustnot only bemade, but parties.There is, as we say, no definitelead in any acted on. There is no room on a ballotpaper for directionwhatever. The electionnow being fought on expressing the perfect balance whichwisdom gives. A a constitutionalissue finds theSocialist movement decision has to be made whether facts have or have not totally unprepared not merely for a constitutional cam- beenperfectly considered. Under thesecircumstances paign,but also forconsidered a and unanimous we shall not hesitate to sink all the minor distinctions economic counterblast. whichweigh pro and con amongst the parties, and to *** fix our eyes clearly upon the major issues of the main combatants. Very probably the realisation both of the hopelessness *** of the Labour Pasty as an instrument of Socialism and of the helplessness of thepure Socialists themselves Whatare they? Attemptshave been madeto ob- when thus divided may result after the election in a new scure the initial fact of the whole of the present election, constructive move on lines which we indicated as neces- the fact on which it was originated, the fact on which sary so long ago as lastspring. Out of this election it was begun,and the fact on whichit is destined to and its lessons will arise, we believe, a desire which will end : theright of theHouse of Lordsto control the prove strong enough to lay the foundation of a future finance of thenation. Abstractly and potentially other Socialist partyindependent not only of Liberal and issues,we will admit, are of even greater importance. Conservative parties, but of the Labour Party as well. Nobody will accuse Socialists of willingly sacrificing the That indeed is already clearly indicated in the circum- immediacy of an economic for a purely political ques- stances in which we find ourselves to-day. Meanwhile, tion. But in thepresent instance we haveno choice however, the question has to be faced : What are the butto regard the politicaland constitutional question Socialists to do now and in thepresent election,?Un- as overshadowing all otherquestions. Many Socialists, doubtedly the issue is momentous in more respects than JANUARY 6, 1910 THE NEW AGE 219 one. To find ourselves five, ten, or twenty years hence We supportthe principle of landtaxation in the with aSocialist party in aHouse of Commonsshorn Budget because, until the land is restored to the people, of its power of finance will be not at all to our taste. it is but just that increment created by the community There is only one conclusion : to put our backs into the shouldcontribute more largely towards the national work, not of supporting the Liberal party, but of end- revenue. We desire,further, to see thesame principle ing, so far as we can, the power of the House of Lords. extended to all forms of unearned income, including *** those derived from interest on capital. And, after all, it is a congenial task, and a task which We point out that there are still millions of pounds Socialistsshould know how toperform. It is, more- of taxation pressing on the necessities and comforts of over,a reform long overdue, and, likeall overdue re- the poor. Thistaxation is even increased by the forms,its accomplishment promises results out of all Budget. All suchtaxes shouldbe removed, and the proportion to the cause. For the House of Lords, with food of the people entirely freed. its insolentpretensions, has stood as a sort of sluice- But the mast vital matter in this and every present- gateto the stream of progress whichit has delayed, day election is thepoverty of the people. This is, until now the reformingstreams stand up as a heap above all, a subject for the imperative consideration of before them,awaiting the bursting of thegates. Not all Christians. theleast important of thereforms consequent on the We appeal to the electors to consider the immeasur-. abolition of the absolute veto of the Lords will be the ableimportance of thequestion of unemployment and reform of the House of Commons ; andit will be the the condition of the children. pleasant task of Socialists to insist thatthis reform We remindour fellow-Christians, with emphasis, that, as four years ago so now today, there are millions shallbe in the direction of creatinga more and more popularand efficient House.Nothing but stupidity of personsliving on theverge of destitution.In the will delay an economic revolution when once the House metropolis alone there are at least 100,000 children, the provision of whose daily bread is never assured. These of Commons is made supreme in legislation. children, by the commission of ChristHimself, were *** specially committed to our care. And with what malign proposals is the defence of the We thereforeurge the electors to require of every Lordsassociated ! Protection, to increasethe surplus candidatethat, if he beelected, he will, in the first value of capitalists ; Conscription, to place at the dis- session of Parliament demand not merely the carrying posal of capitalistsa national Pinkerton force for use out of the promises already made by the Government in in strikes and civil disturbances; a Land Policy, cynically the direction of social reform, but also the creation of devised to ensure every peasantproprietor being an a National Labour Department for the organisation of anti-Socialist ; Imperialism, a denial of even the pros- industry, viz. :- pect of HomeRule to Ireland, Egypt, and India. Is I. To rakethe school ageto 16 years, with main- thereasingle one of thesethat any Socialistcan tenance,through the Education Authority, for those honestly support?On the other side, thereare in the children whose parents are unable to provide it. Liberal Party men who atany rate are willing to 2. To reduce the long hours of labourers to 48 hours. begin thetrial of Socialist legislationand boldly to a week at the least, together with the fixing of a *mini- experimenton lines which in theirextension can only mum wage. be continued by Socialists. Forthe life of us we do 3. To regulatecasual labour, and to providemain- not see that at this moment and for this election much tenance and special training where necessary- doubt about the side we are to take need exist. 4. To insist upon drastic reform of the housing of the poor so that the present destruction of family life may be stopped. Church Socialist League Manifesto, 5. To breakup the poor lawas demanded by the Minority Report of the Royal Commission, so that The General Election, 1910. destitution shall be treated no longer as a crime or as THEChurch Socialist Leagueappeals to all men and the object of temporary relief, but as a social disease women, and in particular to members of the Church of that can be prevented or cured. England, to give serious consideration to the issues at 6. To establish the “right to work ” for all men and stake at this crisis. women capable of earning their living ; and to effect this As Churchmenwho are Socialists, we emphatically not only by such means as road development, but also repudiate thecruel and baseless charges of “Atheism by a wide expansion of municipal enterprise in all de-

and Immorality ” still being made against the movement partments of productive and distributive industry. to which we havegiven our thoughtful and deliberate Finally, as Christiansand Socialists, we urgethat adhesion. So far fromSocialism being “the end of all ourcommon ideal mustextend far beyond the accom- religion,” we see in it the beginning of a deeper applica- plishment of theseimmediate reforms, whether consti- tion of Christianity to human life than has been possible tutionalor economic. We are working for a co-opera- under the immoral social conditions which weseek to tive commonwealth, in whichland and capital shall be change. owned collectively by the whole community. We appeal to all who believe in “government by the We call upon all Christians to help us in thefight,

people ” to join in a determined effort to get rid, once which isnot only against evil conditions, butalso and for all, of the hereditary principle in the Legisla- against mammon worship, injustice and inequality, idle- ture. At the same time we point out that the House of nessand luxury materialism and other sins, all of Commons must be completely democratised by the ex- which we are pledged by our faith to resist. tension of the franchise to all adult citizens, of either We appeal toour fellow-Churchmen toraise anew sex,and by suchelectoral reform as will destroythe with us the banner of Christ in defence of the poor, the oppressive power of riches and of the party caucus, to- weak,and the oppressed, and to proclaim afreshHis getherwith other things which now preventany Word : “Seek ye first theKingdom of God andHis security for the representation of the whole people. justice.” 220 THE NEW AGE JANUARY 6, 1910

wilful perversion of the facts. These are two instances Foreign Affairs picked out of a mass of cleverly written technical matter,presented so asto convey the maximum of THE use to which Mr. Blatchford’sarticles advo- false suggestion and suppression of the truth. A third cating conscription in England are being put makes it quotation will showthe value to beattached tothe necessary to recapitulate the reasons why conscription veracity of these writers, who can say nothing without ispractically and economicallyworthless. The first decryingtheir fellow-countrymen as traitors. “ Prob- line of British defence against any German attack is the ably no faction quite so deeply despicable as our Radical Navy.Everyone is agreedon that, and upon the im- and Socialist Party of to-day has ever been known in thehistory of anycountry.” Certainlynothing quite portance of maintaining a strong Navy. Mr. Blatchford so false and despicable as this pamphlet has ever been ford and the Conscriptionists urge that a strong Army known in the literature of any country. The Maritime would be a good secondline of defence. Thisis an League and its founders should be avoided by all decent absurdity.In order to bring the Army intodefensive men. operation one has to assume the British Navy has been *** annihilated in various sea-fights to such an extent that The Indian Councils Act is slowly getting to work, the British coasts are unprotected by naval forces. The thoughthere is an embitteredcontroversy concerning Army couldnever be broughtinto action. The coasts theRegulations under the Act. The effect of the Act was shown in the diminished attendance at the Indian of England would be blockaded. The routesof food NationalCongress. Certain private quarrels between supply would be commanded by the victorious German theIndian reformers were also responsible for some fleet. A population of forty millions cannotbe fed by notableabsentees. There is no sign of anyrelease of mere “ blockade running.”The fullestresources of the deportees. It isnow known that Sir Denzil Ibbetson the British food supplies are calculated at amonth. son,in a minute tothe Indian Government, recorded What good could the bravest Army, even one of three the fact that a mistake had been made in the case of millions strong, do, whenfaced with a relentless LalaLajpat Rai. SirNorman Baker has addressed someobservations to the Indian Government on the closing of ports?When the ConscriptionParty deign subject of deportations, in which he has severely ques- to answer this question they might be listened to. tioned their policy andjustice. There is strong reason *** to believe that some of these gentlemen are being held Fromthe point of view of aggression,the British in custodybecause they will notgive anundertaking Armyis sufficiently strong.It would be hopeless to that no steps will be taken by them against the Indian Governmentfor illegal arrest.The BritishIndian attempt to conquer Germany by force; but England at problem in theTransvaal is no nearer solution.Most thismoment can put 100,000 men acrossthe North respectable and honourable Indian gentlemen, many of Sea withmuch more easethan Germany. The whom served throughthe South African War, have economic objection to conscription is that the expense been sentenced to hard labour. The case of the British wouldentail no advantage ; butit wouldlimit naval Indians has been well put by Mr. L. W. Ritch, an in- .expenditure. If thesevast sums mustbe spent upon defatigable worker in thiscause, in apamphlet which .defence, thenthey should be expendedin such a way should be studied widely. It is a scandal that one sec- as tosecure the best return for the money. A million tion of theBritish Empire shouldbe permitted to spent on’ JackTar is worth five millions spent on penalise theinhabitants of anotherportion merely TommyAtkins. As afact, conscription is wanted in because their race is ,different. Englandtokeep down the working classes. The *** rulingoligarchy arebeginning to fear the political predominance of theLabour Party. The working The“Times ” South Americannumber is a fine classes areto beput in theirplaces by the drillser- example of journalisticenterprise For a newspaper geantand the engine of military law. Mr. Blatchford to supplya commercial and political history of half a dared not defend military law; therefore, he has ignored continentis a splendidperformance. The“Times ” it. Thereis no machinery of oppression so terrible in has rendereda substantial public service. Thelitera- the world as military law, which is a device for crushing ture of South American Republics published in English the spirit and the independence of the soldier. is consistent only in its badnessand lack of breadth. *** Many of the“Times ” contributionsshould be acceptedwith large grains of salt. Theaccount of The compromise in the Friedjung trial was generally how the Panama Republic was created is ridiculous in anticipated.The longer the trial proceeded themore its inaccuracy. ThePanama officials were bribed by revelationswere threatened of discreditableAustrian the United States to declarePanama independent, so .intrigues. It is a singularfact that the Austrian thatthe Canal Isthmus might be collaredby Uncle Foreign Office shouldhave thought itworth while to Sam. No hint of this,however, can be found in the supply Dr. Friedjung with forged documents to prove “Times ” record. Inthe roseate picture of South large bodies of theKing-Emperor’s subjects were America as a trading country there is no reference to traitors to him. Yet, thatwas the position taken up. theterrible exploitation of theworking classes. The Inorder to incite theAustrian people againstServia, Supplement is completelysilent on this topic,simply manynotable Croatians and Servians underAustrian becausenothing good canbe said of any of the rule were accused of a conspiracy to establish a Serbo- Republics. The wealthyclasses of South America are CroatianState. The trial has done good tothe cause powerful and rapacious. The Trade Unions are weak. of the nationalities. Thetreason trial of Agram The system of elections is a sham, while the administra- shook Austrian confidence in the methods of her ruling tion of justice is a fraud.The recent Anarchistout- bureaucracyThe Friedjung trial will further lessen rage in BuenosAyres has led to a panic-stricken that confidence, and the nationalities will not be alone repression in the Argentine ofeverybody suspected of in their lamentations at Austrian and Magyar misrule. Socialist, Trade Union, Anarchist, or Progressive lean- *** ings. Many of themost advanced and liberal-minded “ The TrueTruth About theNavy,” by Messrs. men havebeen expelled, andare in exile atMonte H. F. Wyatt and L. G. H. Horton-Smith(Sampson Video. This method of wholesaledeportation in con- Low, 6d. net),is the most untruthful pamphlet it has sequence of an isolated outrage andthe placingof a ever been my lot to read. These authors state (page g) peaceful cityunder martial law are remedies of panic that the British Fleet must be towed into the Thames, and injustice. Whilethe commercialclasses flourish insinuating that the ships cannot steam by themselves. in SouthAmerica, the wretchedworkmen, whether This is grotesquea falsehood. “ Fromthe North Indianor South American, are living in a hell. As Pacific, from the China station, from the West Indies, “ Truth ” said of Peru,South America for working fromthe Cape, ships which flew theWhite Ensign men is “ The Devil’s Paradise.” werewithdrawn “ : thisstatement, so expressed,is a “ STANHOPE OF CHESTER.” JANUARY 6, 1910 THE NEW AGE 22 I

at Limehouse gave £8,000,000 asthe figure. A still Eye-openers for Electors. largerestimate was taken at a recentconference Of I II. The Taxing of Mining Royalties. Scottishminers by Mr. William Galbacher,who ex- pressedthe opinion that nearly £10,000,000 was By O. W. Dyce. annuallypaid in royalties.Whatever the total may ON thestation walls of certainmetropolitan railways be, it is heavy enough to affect the priceof cod, Iron may be seen little boxes bearing labels that invite the ore,etc., seriously, and affords us anopportunity of passer-by tocontribute a copperor twoand maintain smilingwhen we hear the enemies of theBudget im- the London Hospitalfor a number of seconds.Many implore the Chancellor of the Exchequer not to put taxes travellersreading the appeal for the first timehave on industry. Que messieurs les assassins commencent ! doubtless been mystified ; how could it be possible for Itis well worth while to note how thelandlord’s a smallcoin to keep a giganticinstitution going for royaltiespenalise our steeltrade. Royaltieson iron- anyappreciable portion of time? By takingthe ore are 2s. 6d. a ton-much heavier, therefore, than on trouble,however, to workout a simplesum in multi- coal. To make a ton of pig-iron twotons of irone-ore plicationthey have recognised that apenny a second are required,together withsome limestone, and two tons of coal are used in the process. Theroyalties on is 5s. a minute, £15 anhour, £360 a day,and more thiston of pig-iron arethus littleshort of 7s., and than £10,000 a month. Thus itis perfectly truethat thelargest hospital that London possessescan be morecoal is needed in turning the pig-ironinto steel. entirely financed for part of the year by an East End A lecturer at the Wigan School of Mines has explained coster girl. This little effort in mental arithmetic came the effect of royalties as follows :--Extra cost for plates into my mind the other day on reading an extract from forshipbuilding, in England 5s. gd., in Germany 1s. in France IS. 01/2d. That comparativestatement was the “ Shipping Gazette “ to the effect that the Lusitania consumesmore than a ton of coalper minute on her made many yearsago, and the English figures are voyagesto NewYork. Now, the royaltypaid by a higher.Again, Sir Christopher Furnesssays : “ For collierycompany to a landowner for the right to take everyton. of iron we producethere is included in the coalfrom beneath his land is about8d. a ton in the price 4s. for royalties, whereas in France it is only 8d., and in Germany only 6d.” Is it strangethat Great north of England, and about IS. 3d. a ton for the best Welshcoal, such as the Lusitania would use. Taking Britain under such circumstances should sometimes find itself cut out by foreign competitors? In Germany and it at IS., to beon the safe side, we discover that the Francethe coal and iron-ore are national property ; landowner pockets more than an hour and between £3 French mining companies pay 5 per cent. as royalty to £70 and aday whilst the ship travels. It has £80 theState, and German companies pay 2 percent. on also beencalculated that the total wages of the Lusi- their coal profits, but nothing at all on their iron-ore. tania’s firemen andgreasers and trimmers amount to In Spain the minerals belong to the nation, and only a £53 a day. Inother words, the owner of the soil nominal rent is charged to the firms that work them whence the coal has come can sit at home at ease and Belgiancoal is nationalised,and the lesseespay a pocket as adaily toll half as much again as 300 men royalty of 21/2 per cent. There are even portions of the British Empirewhere minerals are State-owned. Now working hard on the vessel. what justification can there be for applying the epithet Coalis a rawmaterial for a thousandindustries. Is “revolutionary ” to aproposal thatgoes just a frac- thereanything unfair or unreasonable in levying a tional part of the way in the direction of assimilating special tax upon one who is so fortunate as to be able the system on this side of the English Channel to those that prevail on the other side? himself to levy a tax upon thecountry’s industries? Noadvantage worth mentioning could begot If the burdens of taxationare to be placedupon the by abolishingmining royalties ; the price of coal,for in- shouldersmost capable of bearingthem, do not his stance, would only fallto the extent of the smallest shoulderscome within thatcategory? The House of royalty charge--say, threepencea ton. All the royal- Commons, doing at last what ought to have been done ties that werehigher would dropautomatically Into years ago, has agreed that the Budget should hitthe thepockets of theshareholders in the colliery CORI- owner of miningroyalties. It is a very mild ‘(hit ”- panies. The bestmines would beable to cut prices 5 percent. on these easilypocketed rent charges. anddestroy their lessaccessible or less productive rivals, and would become powerfuI trusts, raisin;; “Wildand revolutionary,’)say the House of Lords ; pricesafterwards to the consumer, and yet keeping but their lordships’ notion that the electors will say the the poorer mines shut down by the everlasting threat to same is a huge joke. undercutthem, should they restart working. Royalties According to the (‘Daily Mail,” the Duke of. Hamil- serveone usefulpurpose in maintainingthe price of ton draws£67,000 ayear in mineralrents, whilst coal at a more or less steady level, the low royalties un thecomparatively valuelessmines affording them tlre the Duke of Portlandgets from the same source chance to compete. Werethe royaltiesentirely State- £19,500 ayear, and the Duke of Buccleuch £4,000 owned, a perfect sliding scale could be instituted. These amountsare supplementary to their revenues If anyone believes that Mr. Lloyd George’s tax of a from ordinaryrent of land, whichis estimated at the shilling in the pound on the royalties will be shifted by colossal sum of nearly £400,000 a year for these three thelandowners on tothe colliery owners,he should ducal personages.From another source of information stop to consider two points.In the first place, the I learn that Lord Tredegar nets £12,300 a year from landownersare notphilanthropists who have gene- rously determined totake less than they could get. tolls on coalcarried over a little railway a mile long. Royaltieshave been fixed at exactlythe point beyond Figures could alsobe given for the Duke of Norflok which the lessees would leave the mine alone and leave and otheranti-Budget peers. Altogether the sum ab- the royalty owner with an income of nil. In the second stracted in theform of royaltiesand wayleaves runs place, existing leases are for fairly long periods on the into millions perannum. The most modest estimate average-fortwenty years,maybe for forty, even for ninety-nine years. By the time that the majority of the -that of the 1910 “ Daily Mail ” Year Book -- puts the total at £4,873,240 butthat publication quotes leasesshall have expired much water will have run under thebridge. Owners of landand proprietors of ancientfigures from theyear 1889. The Royal Companies collieries will be occupying back seats, if any seats at -mission on Mining Royalties of 1893 estimated the total all,and the manwho will count will be the hewer royalty charges at £6,000,000 andMr. Lloyd George risking his life in the underground cavern. 222 THE NEW AGE JANUARY 6, 1910

have been superficially inconsistent, are honourable Imaginary Speeches. gentlemen opposite so ignorant of the most elementary forms of our constitutionalpractice, of thatParlia- No. 4.-By the Rt. Hon. A. J. Balfour. mentarycustom which in the opinion of many of us has a higher sanction even than the law of the land, as Style : The Enlightening. to think that the speeches of an Oppositionten years It is 1919, and the Unionist Governmentin power has ago either are, or should be, or should be expected to introduced a Budget providing for the 50 per cent. taxation be, valid criteria of the actions of a Government to-day, of land values. Much to Mr. Balfour’s surprise the Liberals or to maintain that a party which has oncedissented have impugned his Attitude, and he rises a little flushed or- from the policy underlying a Bill ought, when in power, as the Liberal Parliamentary sketch-writers would say- steadfastly and for all eternity to refrain from adapting “ purple with rage.” itself to changed conditions when that Bill has become Mr. Speaker,I really findmyself totally unable to anAct? Have honourableand right honourable comprehendthe most extraordinary objections which gentlemenopposite, political Miltons and Savonarlas have beenlodged against myself and my friends by -(laughter)-ever held that verbalconsistency should honourable gentlemenopposite. One might have be theprimary objective of men of affairs?I do not imagined that an Opposition which was confronted with think,sir, that the most rabid doctrinaire, I do not a measure embodying principles which they themselves think that even theright honourable gentleman who represents Dundee-(loud laughter)-would support had, in howevercrude and incomplete amanner, first that position in his calmer moments. formulated and developed in legislative form, a measure But,quite apart from this matter ofliteral con- to which by what appears to be common consent they sistency,upon which such great and, as I tfiink, such do not at this moment assign to the category of Bills undue stress has been laid, there is a question of fact. the substance of which encounters criticism from them Ifhonourable gentlemen had really honoured my old on fundamentalgrounds, but into that other category speeches as wholes with the careful scrutiny they have of Bills which are based upon tenets which find general bestowed upon isolated anddetached sentences from acceptance not merely upon one side, but upon both sides them--(cheers)-they would havediscovered that we of the House, one would have supposed that an Opposi- have not been even inconsistent. What did we attack? We didnot attack taxes.(Cheers.) We did not tion confronted with such a measure, a measure, more- attack landtaxes. (Cheers and ironical cheers.) What over, providing for the financial necessities of the year, weattacked and all that we attackedwas the land might well have found it both dignified and convenient taxes of 1909. Inour speeches we specifically made to confine their attention, or, at all events, their hostile thisclear. We distinctly and in termsrepudiated any attention to points of detail in themeasure which, in objection tothe principle thatthe State should, if its theirjudgment, callfor proper comment,and might financial needsshould be justifiably pressing, absorb a haverefrained from indulging in those more general fairportion of unearnedincrement in land. In my observations to which theHouse is accustomed when speech upon the Second Readingof the 1909 Budget matters are underdiscussion regarding which there is I plainlycharacterised that doctrine‘ as a legitimate a wide and deep cleavage of opinion. That is what one doctrine. (Ministerial cheers.)repeatedI my state- would havesupposed. That is thegross error-- ment in slightlydifferent words at Manchester,and (Ministerial cheers)-into which one would have fallen. many of my friends pursuedasimilar course. Not Apparentlyour view of whatis right and proper pro- merely that,but, if Irightly remember, we actually cedureis not shared by gentlemenopposite. Unable, pressedfor the insertion of the specific word “un- apparently, to vent their politicalspleen upon our pre- earned ’’ before “increment ” in the text of the Finance sent,they have ventedit upon ourpast. (Loud Bill, andour request was--incredible though itmay Ministerialcheers and Opposition laughter.) seem-flatly refused by the Government of the day on If I be correct, and I think I am correct-(Ministerial the ostensible ground that if it were granted legal com-. cheers)--the gravamen of theaccusation against us is plications would follow. Did that action on ourpart that we opposedthe land taxes of 1909, and that we connoteany deep-rootedreluctance tosecure for the communitywealth thecommunity hadcreated? haveintroduced the land taxes of 1919. (MR. LLOYD (Cheers.) Wasthere anything selfish andsinister in GEORGE : “ Hear,hear.”) understandI the right honourablegentleman to give his assent to that pro- that? (Loudcheers.) Still, we foughtthe taxes. position. Heand hiscolleagues have done me the Agreed ; butwhy? We fought themfor the very honour of quoting somehoary and venerable observa- simple and sufficient reason that theywere not what tions-(laughter)-of mine that I confess I had myself theirauthors professedthem to be.(Cheers.) We forgotten, fromspeeches Imade during the debates objected toan impost so small-2 percent., or 5, or upon theright honourable gentleman’s first and-if I IO per cent.,I forget the exact figure-thatit pro- duced agross revenueabsolutely insignificant. We may venture to make such distinctions between things objected, moreoverto a tax whichcarried with it a which to all save the mostfastidiously discriminating ofeyes must seem equallybad (prolonged Ministerial scheme of valuation which entailed upon theState an cheers)-his mostmischievous Budget. Iacknowledge expenditure infinitely greaterthan the revenue which was to accrue tothe State. (Cheers.) Our objections I was rejoiced tohear these old acquaintancesagain. werenot academic ; theywere business objections. If I maysay so withouttraversing the frontiers of a due modesty, I never until now fully realised how great They werefounded not upon acreed of economics, a degree of justiceand force there was in the conten- but upon a creed of economy. (Cheers.)Can anyone tions I thenadvanced. (Cheers and laughter.) But saythat there is even theremotest affinity, sal-ethe forthe life of me cannotI understand why these bare terminologicalone, between thetax we are pro- passages shouldhave been exhumedfrom the nether posing now andthe tax they proposed then? Our tax profundities of Hansard,least of all by honourable is a tax of 50 per cent. It will bring in twenty millions gentlemenopposite. What dothey prove? They thisyear. (Cheers.) The additional cost of valuation prove that I and my friends behind me offered a very will be nothing.(Cheers.) The great increase which solid and a very strenuous resistance to proposals that we have fortunately been able to promote in the number- we thoughtthen and think now tohave been pre- of owners of land will make it afar less invidious posterous proposals, that we opposed the land taxes of andundemocratic tasthan was that of 1909. As far tenyears ago. Well, what of that?What if we did as I can deduce, sir, what the argument of the Opposi- oppose them? I don’t deny that I did. (Ironical tioncomes to is this : “You refused towaste money Opposition laughter.) I don’t thinkthat any of my tenyears ago ; therefore you have no moralright to friends will deny that theydid. If anybodydoes deny raise money now.”(Loud and continuedMinisterial that we did I shall be preparedmost emphatically to cheers,during which theright honourable gentleman contradict him. Buteven allowing--which amI far resumes his seat.) from allowing, I shall come to that presently-that we JACK C. SQUIRE. JANUARY 6, 1910 THE NEW AGE 223

“ Probably no faction quite The SocialDemocratic A Study in Jingoism. so deeply despicable asour Party is formed by and con- Radicaland Socialist party C. H. Norman. stituted of Germans who By of to-dayhasever been wished to see the downfall of THE followingarticle summarises in parallel columns known in the history of any theircountry (Prince Bis- thearguments of theBritish and German Jingoes, by country. . . The object of marck). The SocialDemo- the ImperialMaritime the cratsmust be suppressed as whichthey aredriving the two countries into war. League is to callthe spawn traitors(Prince Bismarck). Thesimilarity of thetwo cases as presented is very of ‘little England,’ whether “ Herr von Bebel is a fit curious. Thehistorical record of aggressionby the Radicalsor Socialists, or a mouthpiece of theparty nauseous mixture of the two of anti-patriots ” (Von two Statesis the same. The peoples of Englandand by theirproper names, and Bulow‘s speech in the Reich- Germanywere tools of theirmilitarist and ruling tohlold them up topublic stag). oligarchies in the past ; and only the greatest exertions execrationand contempt ” “Germany was facedwith will prevent them being tricked into war in the future. (” The True Truth about the many powerful enemies Navy,’’ pp. 5 and 8). abroad; butthey could not Bothsides are in the position of beingable to quote befeared so much as the eachother for the purpose of provingthe existing Socialist vipers she was nurs- hostility of the one country to the other. It is thimble- ing at home “(private letter riggingin high politics. Mr. Robert Blatchford, Mr. of the Kaiser). “ Everyvote forthe “EverySocial Democrat is LeoMaxse the Imperial Maritime League, Lord Liberalsis a votefor the a traitor” (Conservative elec- Cawdor, and others deliberately lie when they pretend Boers ” (Mr. J. Chamber- tionaddress inGermany). that the Pan-German school of writers voice the German lain’s telegramin 1900). He believed he couldrely people. ThePan-German school, the Kaiser, Von “ Every vote for the Liberals uponthe German electorate Bulow, Count Von Moltke, Herr Harden, and Von der is a vote for the Germans “ to deal with the Social Demo- Goltzequally lie when they allege that the utterances (Mr.Carvin’s plagiarism of cratsas the English electo- of Mr. Robert Blatchford, Mr. Leo Maxse, the Imperial 1906). Is Mr. Garvin of ratehaddealt with the Germanor Jewish nation- Liberalparty in and MaritimeLeague, and Lord’ Cawdor represent the 1900, ality? ‘‘ Who’s Who ” is slient sweep themout of effective beliefs and ambitions of the British people :- as to his birthplace. ,existence (Von Bulow). THE ENGLISH JINGOES. THE GERMANJINGOES. ‘‘ If I were a Cabinet Minis- He hadread to them the Germanyattackedhas Englandattackedhas ter, I should advocate an ex- statements of Mr. H. M. Denmark,Austria, and Spain,Holland, France, penditure of £50,000,000 Hyndman and Mr. Robert France. Denmark,Russia, and the uponthe Navy; a Compul- Blatchford on “ theGerman Transvaal. sory Service Bill ; a Bill for Peril.”Unlike the German Germanyincitedthe England incitedDenmark themilitary training of all Social Democrats, these Eng- Transvaal Republics against againstGermany, as witness schoolboys over ten ; a large lishSocialist leaders were England,as witness the LordJohn Russell’sde- increase in secret service ex- Jingopatriots. Inface of Kaiser’s telegramto Presi- spatches,and Lord Palmer- penditure ; Protection and an suchlanguage as this, he dentKruger, and the nego- ston’s speechon the Appro- agitation. against the employ- urgedtheGerman Social tiationsbetween Dr. Leyds priationBill in 1866. ment of foreigners ; a fiscal Democratsto supportthe and the Kaiser. warfare ” (Mr. Robert Blatch- navalestimates, as English Germany is building a England is building two fordin the ‘‘ Daily Mail,” Socialistswere openly advo- great navy. Why?In order shipsGermany’sto one. Dec., 1909; “ The New So- armamentsvastcating to attackGreat Britain. Why?Inorder crushto cialism ”). againstGermany (Von Bu- “TOthe Great Day,” is the Germany,and the competi- low, 1908 and von Hollweg prevailinganti-British toast tion of Germantrade. Eng- in 1910). in Germannaval circles. landhas provoked war with ‘‘ No nation can be perma- Patriotismand Socialism “ The Admiral of the Atlan- every European Power which nentlystrong which is cannot grow sideby side. tic greets the Admiral of the has become strong enough to foundedon the quicksands Socialismis a noxious weed Pacific ” (German Emperor’s menaceEnglish trade. Four of indiscipline “ (Earl of which will chokethe fair signaltoRussian Czar at notable cases are Spain, Hol- Meath). The growth of So- flower of patriotism(Bis- Reval in 1902). land, France, and Russia. cialismwas having a most marck,Prince Hohenlohe, Englandshould present “War with England is not unsettling effect on the work- VonBulow). anultimatum toGermany improbable, and our chances ing classes of England. They Theone hopeforthe demandinganexplanation of success againstEngland were becoming most disre- workers of countriesall of her enormous naval arma- improve day by day” (Gene- spectfulanddiscontented was Socialism, bymeans of ments. Failing a satisfac- ral vonderGoltz). The (Marchioness of London- which themilitarists would gory answer, theGerman German fleet must be strong derry). “ WhenSocialism destroyedbe (Herr Lede- fleetshould be destroyed enough to resist anexternal entered atthe door, patriot- boer). while itis much inferior to attack on Germancoasts in ism flew out of the window ’’ theBritish fleet instrength theevent of Germanybeing (epigramattributed to Lord (Mr. I,. Maxse, the Imperial involved in Continental corn- Curzon of Kedleston). MaritimeLeague, Sir Pen- plications ’’ (various German If theworkmen of Eng- “ During the Moroccan rose Fitzgerald,Mr. Robert writers and statesmen during land would organisein crisis we knew war would be Blatchford, Mr. Garvin,and Moroccanthe crises, the favour of peace instead of in averted between Germany others). Powerindicated as likely to favour of war, the vast waste andFrance if theGerman maketheexternal attack ofmilitary and naval pre- andFrench Socialist leaders being England). parationscould be stopped couldbe induced to meet. Germany is preparing for England is isolatingGer- (Mr.Keir Hardie and Mr. They met, andwar was war. Having crushed manypreparatory to annihi- D. J. Shackleton). averted”(letter of anEng- France, she is now ready lating her fleet (speechesin lishpublicist onSocialist to try conclusions with Eng- theReichstag on German foreign policy). land. (Variousnaval and foreignpolicy). Englandhas England has had her naval “We havesettled our ac- militarywriters.) The multi- enteredinto a secrettreaty andcommercial supremacy counts with Austria-Hungary, plication of ordnancefac- with Franceto land 100,000 challenged by Spain France, with France, and with Russia. tories, gun factories, and men atCalais should war andHolland. She has over- The last settlement, the set- the hoarding up of military breakout between Germany whelmedthose Powers. Ger- tlementwith England, will andnaval stores, areall to andFrance. England is many is now occupyingthe probably be thelengthiest the .intent of a coming secretly reorganisingher position in Europe that those and most difficult ” (Heinrich Anglo-German war, in which army, and is about to estab- States held at various times. von Treitsche). “ The Trident Germany will bethe unpro- lish conscription, with a view England has never permitted mustbe in our fist” (the voked aggressor.Germany tostrengthening her land anysingle Power tosecure Kaiser). “The United States is planningan invasion of forces. Why does England a preponderatinginfluence shouldnot interfere inany England by means of a coup want a powerful army?To inEurope (Peel’s “Enemies conflict between Germany and de main. (See Erskine Chil- strike a deadly blow at Ger- of England,”etc.). England,as thosePowers ders’ “ Riddle of the Sands,’ many by land,either singly War between England and would beruined by such a various pamphletsand or in combination with France Germany would be a crime war. The United States articlesin Englishreviews andRussia (Pan - German which would shatter civilisa- could thencarry out unhin- magazines, and weekly news- League,GermanNavy tion (various European states- deredher destiny of domin. papers.) League,and German publi- men). atingAmerica, and control- cists’ allegations). ling the trade of the world ” 224 THE NEW AGE JANUARY 6, 1910

Burbank’sCrimson Winter or New Crimson Queen Culture. Rhubarbsthey are forcing. On Andin truth their lives du depend upon it. The EVERYman who desires to becomebroad-minded, to hours spent in that dull routine work of shop and office dispelthe illusions due to prejudice and town life, to arenot hours of life at all. Theyare more wasted understand his fellow man and woman, should dwell in than if thatwretched people slumbered. I amtold a suburb-- is itincumbent that it be a garden thathard work in the garden is so splendidlydone becausethere is no sense compulsionabout it, but suburb.It is onlysince my sojourn among suburban of thatwork in a factoryor shop is ever badly done, manthat I haveunderstood how Matthew Arnold’s scurriedthrough ; “theworker takes no interest in sneer at the vulgarity of the middle classes and brutality thework ” because of thissame compulsion. It is of theworking classes was wholly the offspring of impossible, I am told, to carry on the work of a com- ignorance. plexand highly civilised state under the same condi- We ‘haveno upper class in my suburb-a notun- tions as thesuburban resident cultivates his garden commoncircumstance, I am told. patch.It seems so. Itseems that all the necessary work of a highlycivilised Statemust be badly done, We possess a veritablepassion for culturein my must beshirked, whilst the unnecessary work is (that age long magic of property,which neither I nor carriedout with infinite care, with joyful interest. myancestors have ever possessed, will out)suburb. I know not if there be not some error here--perhaps Nothingsubdues it, norwinter’s frost, nor summer’s thefactory work is not so necessary,perhaps the heat, nor suburb’s mud ; we are indifferent to rain and state is not so highlycivilised. Perchance the political stormand fog. Long before the tardy winter sun has economisterrs; though it may come out cheaper in moneyfor us towear cotton and send it away in risen we are diligently at work, and we can follow our return for wheat; perhaps it is dearer when that cost delightfultask long after the night has closed in is reckoned in terms of men and women. Perhaps it is around us. good for us to spend our best hours in the occupation Christmas and Boxing- Day are welcome in so far as thatmost delights us; thatonly in some such way theygive us furtheropportunities of pursuingour shall we find health ; that only in this wise can the soul appointedtask. The Saturday afternoon we hurry of man ever blend harmoniously with his surroundings. homeward in gleeful anticipation of the many hours of Of this I amvery certain that the town-dweller is possessedby no less a landhunger than his comrade seriouseffort that now lie before us. TheSunday inthe village. The townsman is deprived of his morningwe are very early in pursuittill the church natural rights when he is caged amid bricks and pave- bellscall us reluctantly to some less entrancing enter- ment.Give him but a squareyard of earthand he tainment. We boltfrom church ere the last Amen will seeto itthat something shall arise. Also he rings out; we pause not to doff our frock-coat, nor to likesnot to dwell in solitude. If, as Professor Lester Say aside our top-hat. These daylight movements are to Wardsuggests, human society is still in a veryrudi- mentaryorganic condition yet the beginning of a precious to be lost ; maintenant, nous sommes sérieux, society is there.Man is stretching out tentacles to as the Membredu Sport Club said to R.L. Stevenson. hisfellows ; thesolidarity of man is nomere phrase. Nowis the season of theyear when the culture of And the Englishman is, I think, a little more advanced Hollandis our chief concern.The bulbs we planted thanmost of theWestern natives. The lonely life on some weeks ago-bulb of tulip, bulb of narcissus, bulb uplandfarm as shepherd, as swineherd,once held no of daffodil. Strangenames are given to these our terror for the English peasant in the past. delights;very strange must be their appearances if I TheCanadian advertisements for farm labourers nowadaysread “ No Englishneed apply.” The Cana- mayjudge by the catalogues that break in uponme dianfarmer knows that the Englishman cannot stand fromimporter, seedsman, and horticulturist. Of my the loneliness, the desolation of his isolated farm. Just own knowledge of fantastic shapes and eerie colours I for the same reason the Englishman cannot people the havenought to say-mine is a vicariousculture. I veldt-Boer and Scotch succeed where the English fail. rejoice tosee my neighbours digging and hoeing and English society is more developed than either of these, delving,lopping (one willow tree is left us), whilst I and the need of companionship, of a dwelling together --a sign of advancing civilisation-is the more impera- encouragethem from my fireside as I turnover the tive. leaves of Dr.Roberts’s “ Book ofOld-fashioned But companionship does not advance by geometrical Flowers. ” progression.There is a limit to thenumber of cam- Whenthe sun comes out I followhis brilliant panions you require ; it is limited to the number of per- example, and go out to sniff the good brown clay that sons you can take a real and lively interest in-two or has been made ready to receive its heavy load of mould. three hundred persons at the outside. We make our soil in our suburb; it is little we leave to Amid these one can dwell joyfully in closest intimacy ; chance. We bringthe earth frpom far parts; we drain yetafter awhile you will growweary of thiscom- it; we manure it. We do not allow our tulips and our panionship,and you will seek a change. So your daffodils to go withouttheir needs; we do not plant suburb of two or three hundred persons must be linked themtoo thickly, for we know they may not thrive upwith some neighbouring community. Linked up, when overcrowded; we do not withhold whatsoever may yet separated, so that the way across shall be a short be neededfor their sustenance. We understandthat and pleasant pilgrimage, a striding that may give you if westarve these young plants they will witherand a jestand a pleasedanticipation, of interchangewith die, howsoever goodly bethe stock, howsoever costly new minds. mayhave been the bulbs. Yes, I canassure you that To this the culture of bulbs, even their vicarious cul- weare full of foresightand wisdom with these our ture, brings us all-the need for a bit of land for our plants,for they are the chiefest pride and joy of the mainendeavour ; anoccasional turn at thewheel or suburb. counter, if you insist upon it. On our common suburb Thepolitical economist insists that the Englishman land we shall grow the wheat and other staples essential is appointed by God to make cotton and tin-plates and for our existence ; but we shall each cultivate our little to dig coal deep out of the earth, wherewith to supply patch where our private Marvels may flourish and con- otherpeoples, who are, in return,to send him wheat found our neighbours. Our suburb shall consist of but andapples and violets. Yet I find thatmen and a fewhouses, some fifty orsixty, but just across the women in my suburb have no joy in the hours spent in stream or around by the wood shall we find fresh faces factoryand workshop-let itbe eight or six hours a and other minds. day-hut theyhasten back to thecultivation of their Thitherjourney the English as I surveythem from part of themud where they labour assiduously and my suburb window. longingly as if their lives depended upon the sticks of M. D. EDER. JANUARY 6, 1910 THE NEW AGE 225

with which toshame the dogmatic self-importance of Militancy and Humanity. family men. By Triformis. The problem of how to mitigate public stupidity still D. remainswith us. The use of force, ouracceptance of WHENwe consider into what depths of barbarism the the challenge to fight for our rights, has not solved the continued power of Mr. Herbert Gladstone might have question. We donot say finally that forcehas failed. driven our nation ; when we tell ourselves, as we may, It would be a bold, and a foolishly bold,person who that his timelyremoval is due to the protests both of would opine that the militantmethods, continued and our supporters and of those in opposition to us, against made more fiercely militant, would not in the end extort his mismanagement of thesuffrage movement ; when the concession of the suffrage.There are hundreds of we reflect that at the bottom of thisprotest lies the militants eager to proceed upon that chance of success. feelingof the most public-spiritedmen that force will But, while on the one hand we remain uncertain whether not Serve in a civilised community-with all these facts the vote may not be forcibly gained, on the other hand weighingwith us it is certainlyour duty to examine we are convinced that the vote so gained will not turn patiently and fearlessly the question whether we ought out to be the vote we set out to gain; and, furthermore, not to support the efforts of those who are anxious to we statemost emphatically that the evil spirit now put a limit to the exercise of force in the speediest way beingaroused by thestruggle is already sufficiently we can,namely, byourselves abandoning forcible dangerousto civilisation togive all clear-thinking methods. women warning to pause before stirring it up further. We will hinthere atthe possibility that aforcible In using autocratic methods against a class of people wresting of the franchise may not secure us that which who have any strength to combat autocracy, it is im- we most hope to gain by the franchise. Perhaps a quota- possible to predict the lengths to which coercion may be tion from the writings of a statesman on the subject of applied. (Mr. Gladstone,finding prison no cure for a causenot utterly dissimilar from our own mayhelp criminals,can only advisemore prison !) The more us to an understanding of the unreliability of force to resistanceoffered, the more coercion mustbe used- securepeace. Burke, while endeavouring tobring that is, unless the coercing party decides to give up the aboutpeace betweenIreland andEngland, wrote : struggle. We have the unusual spectacle, in the battle “Concessions, sufficient if given in good time and at a between theSuffragettes and the Government, of particular juncture of events, become insufficient if de- beholdingeach side attempting to coerce theother. It ferred.” Again : “ Concessionsextorted produce no is time, in face of the inhumane aspect which the situa- gratitudeand allay noresentment.” Theselast three tion begins to bear, for the most reasonable and truly words shouldbe kept in mind by all womenwho are progressive section to cease, or at least to abandon, the desirous of that peace which is the basis of civilisation use of force in favour of some line of action safer for andthe humane life. We must redeemourselves from thenation as a whole. Will that reasonableand pro- our present inferior position in such a manner as to be gressive section prove to be the women? We hope so. able to start truly equalwith men. If we leave in our The militantshave demonstrated beyondquestion minds resentment that feeling will handicap us. Resent- that even torture cannot terrify them. No one, except, mentunallayed will surely urge us towardspunitive perhaps, a few negligible members of Parliament, would and prohibitive legislation which must, as it always has be so indecent as tocharge them with hysteria or to done,strike at the root of orderand plunge us into offer anysuch rank explanation of theirheroic ability enmitywith those whomwe may oppress. Such a tosuffer, and repeatedly suffer, fortheir cause. In position would be worse than our present one.Among withdrawingfrom the personal physical combatwith all the qualities which may distinguish us in our future menthey could havebut one motive-the safety of commerce with politics that of serene equality must be civilisation. strongest. We are upona dangerous boundary. It is a sign of The majority of men are still wondering in the dark imminent dangerto civilisationwhen, forinstance, a why womensuddenly developed the open hostility of man of thetype of Mr. Gladstone,sentimental and militanttactics. Ignorant of women’sneeds, and con- bigoted,is allowed to find play forhis evil instincts. scious of no definite hostility towards women, men have Such men are never very far from the kingdom of hell. been seized with indignation at the uprising of women English people do not want that kingdom in England. andtheir adoption of force to securethe vote. The We will mention a few facts which seem to prove that explanation to be kept in mind is that, to most women? the mind of England is averse from the dark ways of the vote isonly a symbol of the emancipation of-woman- torture and oppression. hood. Forlong years our mothers suffered, and only Duringthe time that militant methods have been in private discussedtheir grievance. Now and again employed the militantshave never seriously harmed over the long yearssome of the bolder women petitioned anybody, and what slight injury has been inflicted has andappealed against the slur cast upon women. At been, in almostevery case, the result of accident. So lengthit was put to womenplainly that they would much to indicate thatthe women themselves,though never gain their aims untilthey “ madethemselves a driven to useforce, areaverse from force.Now re- nuisance.” In effect, wewere told thatwe should gardingtheir opponents. cannotIt reasonably be haveto fight for liberty. All ourappealing, all our denied that if the mob which has opposed theSuffra- “ woman’sway,” all ourexpert back-stair influence gettes had had the mind to injure the women seriously, wereshown to have beenfutile. Men ignoredour evenfatally, itcould have done so. The mob has demands,because they believed we would neverfight refrained from attacking the Suffragettes with any real for our rights. ferocity. The mind of themob has not set towards Thenthe militants came out into the open. They the use of brute force. We conclude that it is actually foughtwhere others had cajoled orbegged. They aversefrom force. The mobis in thegeneral line of believed that menwould understand,as they them- civilisation. Itis fromthe state of thegeneral mob selves understood, as also everyintelligent anti-suffragist that we may draw our soundest conclusions with regard gist understands, how deep a need must theirs be that to the degree of a nation’s humaneness. could induce them to come out and fight with, and risk True,the Suffragettes have beensubjected to real being beaten by, men. torture in prison. Not, however, even so in all prisons : Men have failed to understand. We find statesmen not in Scotchprisons ; only in suchprisons as have labelling the militants as hooligans, doctors and scien- received thedirect mandate of the Home Secretary. tistsproclaiming these injured women as notoriety Yetthe evil spirit of torture and oppression has been hunters,tarantists, and neurasthenics. The stupidity letloose, if only amonggaolers. We do not look for of this view seems invincible. Yetit isjust this view much humanity to men who would sink to be gaolers. that denotesthe spiritual attitude of menin general They are the mental descendants of the men who for- towards women in general. A lesserdegree of the merly used the thumbscrewand who lit thepyres of same stupidity adorns the actions of menin private- Smithfield. We havehad plentyof proof thatthese lesserbecause women havea certain private humour descendants will still carry out orders for torture. But 226 THE NEW AGE JANUARY 6, 1910

the evil spirit,fanning its ever-smouldering flame in criminate against Canadian exports to the satellite will menlike Mr. Gladstone and the less respectable be the signal for war. servants of State,is spreading ! The removalof the LATER. By a curious coincidence it appears that two Home Secretary is a recognition of this danger. travellers,both from the United States, reached the Moon at the same time, though by some accident they Mr. Gladstone’s absence will not precisely settle our failed tomeet. While it is hard on the second dis- difficulties, but with this clumsy tyrant’s departure from coverer, who has made many previous efforts to reach office will vanish a gooddeal of women’sresentment. the Moon, that he should now find himself beaten at the There is a chance of reasontaking its proper place post,respect for the King of Denmark, who has again.It is not too much to expect that the militants personallyvouched for the good manners of hisrival, shall consider whether the re-establishment of reason is shouldhave withheld him from using language calcu- nottheir first duty-to themselvesand the cause they lated to conveythe impression that he secretly ques- serve as well as to theircountry. Mr. Gladstone’s tionedthat rival’s scientific accuracy. departure is their opportunity. Dr. De Rougemont has publicly promised to write a scientific diary of his great voyage if ever he has time, andto send for the concealed proofs and photographs Prophetic Paragraphs. V. as soon as he feels inclined. At present he is lecturing to enormous houses in America, and investing the pro- Discovery of the Moon by Dr. de Rougemont. ceeds against a rainy day. The news that a Superman has at last succeeded in Madame De Rougemoat is alleged to believe Dr. De Rougemont. planting the flag of the United States on the celebrated LATERSTILL. Thediscredited charlatan who impu- Moon. is now confirmed. dentlypalmed off on a fewcredulous persons a cock- It will be remembered by our readers that the captain and-bull story about a journey to some place or other- ofaDanish airship on its way from Greenland to webelieve, the Moon-has nowmet with his deserts. Copenhagenreported that he had on board thegreat We are authorised to announce that His Imperious and American savant, Dr. De Rougemont, whom he picked High-\Yell-BornMajesty theAutocrat of World- upon the coast of Greenland,on the Doctor’s return Politicshas inflicted onhim the Order of theBlack, from a successfulrush for the Moon WhiteRed, Yellow Blue and Green Eagles. The Itappeared further from the marconigram that Dr. unhappyman is notexpected to survive. DeRougemont had brought back with him the most ALCOFRIDA ampleand convincing proofs of hisexploit, including aphotograph of himself,taken by himself, in theact of hoistingthe American flag somewhere; and that these proofs had been prudently left by him in a cache The Glory Hole. in theinterior of Greenland.Any possible doubt as to IT was not so very long ago that I crossed the Atlantic, thegenuineness of the discovery,-for tohuman envy notwith the plumed women of fashionor with the andcalumny all thingsare possible.-was setat rest masculineelement which voyagesfor rest and recrea- by the announcement that two Eskimos of the highest tion, but deep down in the belly of a great trans-atlantic sagacityand great experience in lunartravelling had liner. madea deposition before Dr. De Rougemont himself, And it was the belly too, for I crossed in the kitchen to this effect :- and helped in the scullery or wherever the pressure was “Massa Rujeman,he say to us, Come with me to the greatest, where the throb of the great engines never Moon. We sayto him, How much? He say,Plenty allowed oneto forget that he wason a leviathan. blubber. We get in balloon,and stay long time.Then Since, I have put itdown as. one of theforemost and MassaRujeman, he get out and say,This am Moon. greatest of my experiences, and for months I have had Wesay, How much ? Massa-- ” [Therest of the it in my heartto break thesilence and throw a little marconigram was intercepted by a meteoricdisturb- IIght in dark putrid places. ance.] For years I hadworked in NewYork It is God’s Dr. De Rougemont has now arrived in Copenhagen, country,all my friendssaid, the only country worth wherehis frank and superhuman bearing have com- livingin. But wantedI tosee, and waitedI and pletelyconvinced Mr. G. K. Chestertonand the King waited. of Denmark that he is a bona fide traveller. Oneday asteward on one of thegreat liners, a After a publicinterview in the presence of all the modernocean grey-hound belonging theto trans- most sensational journalists on earth, the doyen of the atlantic trust, said idly : British press held out his hand to De Rougemont, with “Well, when you want to cross, come and set me.” the words,-“ Atfirst I thoughtyou were lying, and The day afterwards I went, and I paidhim £2 (ten I was jealouson behalf of myself andmy professional dollars) tocross to London. Two poundsto realise a brethren. I now believe youhave been to theMoon. dream I had cherished since a boy when I read Dickens Myonly doubt is whether you havereturned. I am a and of CaptainCuttle £2 wasridiculously cheap ! judge of revenants andyou are more solid than I Withmost of myearthly belongings in a portman- teau,I entered the dock about ten o’clock the night should have expected. ” beforesailing, and climbed up the stewards’ The King of Denmark went to meet the lunar cham- gangway withoutbeing challenged. pionon his arrival, and insisted on putting him up at “If you are one of the stewards, go aft and ask for thePalace, to which he carried the explorer’s hand- theGlory Hole.” I found the hole and slid in bag himself. A State Ball is to be given in his honour, Itwas hot and stuffy. Stewards came and went, Meanwhile the Professor of Lunatics in the University and with the noise of shipping the cargo and the cries of Copenhagenhas reserved his judgment till theex- of workmen there was little chance to sleep, so I came plorerhas had time to writethediary of his on deck. It was a wonderful sight, one I never tire of, adventures. towatch the illuminations across the water on the The statement that he encountered a temperature of railwaystations the tugs in constantmotion, and the 1,000,000 degrees below zerohas already been ex- rapid march of the great ferries plying from New York plained away byDe Rougemont as a marconigraphic to Jersey City and Hoboken. error.It should have been IO degreesabove boiling- Leaning over therail was an old man,perhaps point.The correction has led some scientists to sur- sixty,with weather-beaten features and a frizzly grey mise that it is the Sun, and not the Moon, which has beard,and we entered into conversation. He was been annexed to the United States by De Rougemont. working his way to London. In the meanwhile Canada is quietlymobilising. The Thatnight it all seemedlike a romance. Moonlight Earl of Catchascatchcan,the Premier, has declared in casta sheen on the water, and looking shoreward the the Senate that the Moon has always been regarded as lights in thethirty-storey buildings never looked so Canadianterritory, and that the first attempt to dis- magicalHere at last I was goingto sea ; I was on JANUARY 6, 1910 THE NEW AGE 227.

board,was actually talking with a man,who had seemed to impose on him-and began to peel potatoes. shipped, and a brackish smell was in my nostrils. When I hadpeeled a sackhe brought another and Already I began to feel inanother country, gliding then another, and the next day I did nothing but peel away,for down in the Glory Hole they were not spuds. My hands grew cramped and my fingers ached, Americans,but men who talked their own bloomin’, but I hadrelieved the boy, or at leastI thought so. bloody language. Soon he was given extra work and the hours were the I soondrew out my companion, who, starved for same.Occasionally he had an hour’s rest between companionship, was ready enough to talk. dinnerand supper, but not always. He told me he “When a young man I went to Australia,” he said, had tried again and again to find work ashore, but that “wherehaveI had no end of experiences.beatI onlanding he was so fatiguedhe must sleep most of drums incheap shows, cooked for a living, lived with thetime, and then he had no friends ashore, and had thebushrangers, and have written a book onthe alwaysbeen at sea.When I thought I was rapid at aborigines. this bookrepresents all the strange expe- pealingpotatoes he would come over, and in three riences of a lifetime.Ihave the book with me, but dexterousstrokes would whip off theskin smiling. He the Americans, by a trick, have gotten my photographs. was not growing up to manhood in that scullery because I haveno receipts, and can do nothing. Worried over he was stupid. Once when he broke down, the captain, this,I confided in a friend, who stripped me of money who liked the boy, said he was going to try to arrange andeverything worth, taking. Now I amgoing back forhim a littlerest ashore in some garden spot, but home, where they think perhaps I am long since dead.” the captain of a trans-atlantic liner is a busy man, and Interestingpeople, notice,I often travel in Glory probably he forgot the hopes he had stirred in the boy’s Holes. breast. Atsix in the morning the commotion, wasgreat. The Australian,too, was soon as busy as therest They were throwing off the hawsers, and the tugs were wipingtumblers. He workedhard for nothing, I already straining away on the tow lines. While I was meanfor the stockholders. It was aboutthe time enjoyingthe spectacle my chief-steward came aft and they were cutting down expenses on the lines running said : under trust management. “You hadbetter get below and put on your sea We ate walking about or sitting on a kitchen-table, clothes ; and, remember, do not let the captain see you. andthe food was good. All thedirectors on earth He don’t like to see men on deck.’’ couldnot stop the kitchen staff fromeating. Rut I went below, but the stench turned me back. Thechief murmurscame from below. Once here wasalmost a engineer had quarrelled with one of the second stewards, mutiny-unknown, of course, on the promenmade deck-- and to vent his feelings, cut off the mater supply. Here andthe stokers in numberscame to mob the kitchen. wewere, riding out on the boundless ocean, with the Men desperate with red eyes and sooty faces appeared water-closetschoked and no water to wash the face inthe gangway demanding food. They might be and hands.wantedI to complain at once,but the denied everything else but they must have food in order GloryHole steward said it would only get myself and to work. Theircomplaints were so gutturalthat I the others into trouble ; and for the sake of the others caught very few of their words, but fearing trouble an I keptstill. The foul condition lasted,however, until ordercame to feed them more,and great hunks of wewere well out to sea,and was remediedprobably meatwere thrown to them onthe floor. Ihave seen only through fear that the captain would find it out. thisdone at zoos, butnever before to humanbeings. When I could take note of my surroundings, I found There was a tussle in the gangway and the black forms we were forty-two in the Glory Hole, jammed together ,disappeared. All this went on in the belly of theship, in upper bunks and lower bunks, with a limited number. andno doubt some philanthropist above, inspired like of portholes.Fortunately the stewards were English. Byron by the dark, deep blue ocean was walking obli- clean,with a healthyrespect for fresh air ; butI viousthe promenade thinking what a gloriousworld disliketo think what must be the Glory Hole on a this is after all, and wondering whether it shall be books French or Italian liner. or churches that he shall give that the world shall know Inthe morning I stoleon deck, feeling like a of his generosity. criminal,with one eye looking out for the captain. Andtwo things struck me forcibly on this voyage. My old weather-beatenfriend joined me. “It is all Therewere no Americans there regularly employed, rightbehind here,” said he, “but you must keep out and there never are I am told. Americans would not put of view ; you are a blot on thelandscape, or rather upwith conditions forced on this crew. In fact, it is seascape.” hardenough to get Americans toserve in theirown and this brings it all back to me. First-class passen- Navy, which is partly manned by foreign seamen gerson the great liners may promenade the decks in solitude.These great ships seem to run themselves. Thesecond is the lack of solidarityamong the sea- Whenthey -want something, and ring, a steward menthemselves. The only solidarity sawI was the appears ; butotherwise the voyager is alonewith his unintellectualwhen the stokers, pushed by hunger, fellow passengers,the sea, and his thoughts. It may stoodtogether for morefood, and got it Instantly. costhim money to feel poetic and dream his dreams, Theysimply acted on instinct,and correctly. but the surging mass of human misery is kept bottled On theother hand, when the old weather-beaten upbelow ; thestockhoIders get a littlemore money Englishmanarrived in Londonnot knowing whether because of theovercrowding, and the underpaid over- any of his people werealive, and without sufficient worked human slaves pay the price. money to get his trunk ashore at Tilbury, they told me Duringthe voyage one sole passenger--perhaps he wasI a fool toassist him. I knowhuman nature hadbeen through the mill himself-thought of the betterthan that, however, and he came to see me workersbelow, and sent down money to buy drinks shortly afterwards, saying that at home they had killed all round. If he couldhave seen what passed down thefatted calf, and he returned me all themoney I there he would have had his money’s worth of gratifica- hadloaned him. Nothing has sinceattracted me tion.And believe,I knowing something of human more to England than this. nature, that were ships made of glass, or could passen- I have been living in London, then Paris, ever since, gersonly see the daily grind below, the companies inspite of God’scountry, as myfriends call it, being would beforced to treat their employees likehuman onthe other side. It is all God’scountry, and beings, or else a great number of persons would refuse America,England, and France are only autonomous eitherthe comforts now sold orelse refuse altogether provinces, although many citizens do not yet know this. to travel on such steamers. And it is just because the world is so glorious that it is Iwas told I had nothing to do. But when I saw a downrightcriminal that human beings should be ex- blue-eyed English boy of about 15 beginning his work ploited,deprived of hope,and compelled tolive on in at 5 a.m. and continuing practically without interruption the dark foul belly of a ship in order that others who until g andeven IO p.m., I couldstand it no longer, have all thenecessaries of life may have also almost and my old Australian and I joined in with the others. undreamed of luxuries, when with a little common sense I went into the scullery where the boy was--everybody and less greed the work of the world could he arranged 228 THE NEW AGE JANUARY 6, 1910

so thatall could have a littlesunshine, fresh air, It is thus that they lived-like swinein a sty. And amusement, and rest. yetthese odd, foolish creatures believed themselves to And as my thoughts go back to the glory hole I see be fallen angels ! the blue-eyedEnglish boy, andother sons of British And their life was like an inexhaustible, muddy vol- mothers,grinding along from 5 a.m.until g p.m.,in cano whichshot in theclear, heavenly space the in- order that a few American millionaires may have more fectedvapour of moansand cries, the viscous cinders money which they do not know how to spend. of sufferance and pain, the fusty mire of bestial desires. I wonder if he is still in the scullery waiting for the Thesolitary sage walked slowly across this vain captain’spromised holiday ! I wonder,too, if these agitation of themen, and said, in a voice of omnis- isolated human beings some day will awake to fight out cience : their own salvation, finding some way, although thou- “ What is life to you-you who have never lived it ? sands of miles apart, to protest in unison ! or will some What istruth to you-you whonever speak it3 You great outside influence take up their cause and blot out know not whyyou exist. And it is yourmisfortune !” thisuntrammelled greed, this thirst for profit even at the cost of human happiness and human life! When he met some lovers, he said to them, sadly : I wonder ! F. H. BURLINGHAM. “ Death awaits you-you and your posterity !” Whenhe beheld men building sumptuous dwellings he addressed them reproachfully : ((All that will be the prey of destruction !” The Sage. When he passed near to some children playing in a Maxime field amid the flowers which resembled them, he sighed By Gorki. and thought in his heart : (Translated by DavidWeinstein.) ‘‘ My eyes behold the harvest of Death !” once upon a timethere lived a sage. And when he listened to the other sages, those who had understoodthe melancholy mystery of exis- loved life and taught its wonderful secrets to the young He in the temples of science, he said, smiling : tence andthis mystery had filled hisheart with a “ Mediocrity ! Thatis the name of yourwisdom. poignantand sombre anguish which extinguished the Forthe earth will perish,with all itstemples, its smiles of life and caused to die its joys. With the cold sciences, with its truths and errors, and you ignore the regard of reason the sage had scrutinised the depths of day and the hour of the annihilation !” his time. and found only darkness therein ; nor did the But once, in the confines of a busy city, in a narrow face of thefuture bear a brighterhue for him. He alley inhabited by the outcasts, amid the heavy odours made his way through the streets and highways of his risingfrom the dirt and the stench, the sage saw a native land, and the head of this solitary thinker shook compactgroup of workmen.One was addressing the rest,and the sage was astonished at theattention sorrowfully at everythingthat met his weary gaze. with which they listened to him. Never had the people And inthe multifarious din of lifethe gospel of the listened to his teaching with an equal ardour. And the prophet had the plaintil-e sound of a funereal bell : goad of envy piqued the heart of the sage.

“ Men you live on enwrapped in the clouds of dark- (‘Comrades,’’ said the orator to the crowd, “we are TIC.,..;. Your lifeis but a vainstruggle. It is from the submerged in themire of toil,like the pebbles at the abyss of ignorancethat you emanate,and the im- bottom of the sea, whilst above us roll the rapid waves penetrable darkness of ignorance awaits you !” of thelife of ourmasters. For them our bodies are merelythe stepping-stones by which they rise to the The people listened to these lugubrious words ; they summits of Truth,and from thence they direct the understoodtheir bitter justness, and sighingly raised strength of their minds against us in order to oppress their eyes towards those of the sage. our soulsthe more effectively. They know all ; we Gutafter having followed himfor a while on his know naught. Theylive ; wemerely linger on. They lonelyway, they returned to their labours and their havelearned wisdom ; wemerely a fewfairy tales. wives,eating their dry bread, drinking their coarse Everything that is luminous is in their hands ; we have beverages And whilstthey smilingly contemplated naught in ours-noteven sufficient breadwith which to fill ourhungry bodies. But our hunger will van- their playing children they forgot of their miseries and quish their satiety, for we live the life of the spirit and of the pains they felt the day before. we are vigorous We want to live, wewant to learn, They struggledagainst one anotherfor riches and we want to be men ! We want to appease our sapless power, yetthey listened attentively to thegospel of souls by filling them with the wisdom of the earth built love. Withtheir hands gory with the blood of their on the rock of ourpatience. We want everything that neighbour, they caressed their sweethearts and gave to exists. We want to create that which is not yet !” theirfriends the traitors’ kiss. They stripped them- “ Men !” said the sage to him, with a smile of con- descension. “ Error ! That is the name of your words. selvesmutually, and, enriched by these robberies, de- Humanknowledge is limited, and mankind will know fendedtheir property with zeal. They lied without no more than it is capable of knowing. And what does shame,what time they were saying that Truth alone it signify if you perish from starvation or from satiety, ought toreign over man. A few there were who even likethose against whom you direct the half-blunted believed in thestrength of Truth,and these suffered arrow of your wisdom? And what matters if you sleep for theirfaith. They liked the music which caused ignorant in the grave or have your shroud covered with thepious doctrines of yourmasters? Bethink your- them to weep with tears of ecstacy ; Beauty made them self,everything that exists on earth, aye, even the enthusiastic ; andyet they admired many things that earth itself, will be precipitated into the black abyss of werevile and repellent,and committed many hideous oblivion,into the dungeon of death--” acts.They were enslaved to oneanother all in saying Thesilent men raised their eyes towards the sage. thatthey thirsted for liberty. They had contempt for Immovablythey listened to his wise words, and the those who submittedthemselves to their power ; and more he spoke the more did their faces assume a cold these,cowardly as thebirds of prey,hated their andsombre air. Suddenly one of them,addressing his masters in secret. fellow, cried : Desiring alwaysthe better, they sought anxiously “Jim,my arm’s in a sling ; just you fling the old around them,but they knew not how to createthis monkey one in the eye !” “better ” in themselves, for they were absorbed by the And this was all ! niggardlycares of thecomforts of existence.They Yes, of course, I know them.They are a little applied all thestrength of theirminds to hatredand coarse,these working people. But can we blame lyingto the invention of coarsecunning, in order to them? For, so far, no one has yet taught them better glut their insatiable greed for the goods of this earth. manners ! JANUARY 6, 1910 THE NEW AGE 229

butit’s something. If the story that I ask ofyou will A Story for the New Year. softenthe hearts of a hundred ofmy rich subscribers and make them charitably disposed, it will be so much By Anatole France. I gainedover evil and sorrow. It’sthus that, little by Translated with the Author’s permission by David Weinstein. little, the condition of the poor is made tolerable.” “Is it good that the condition of the poor should be HORTEUR,the founder of the ‘(Spark,” the political and madetolerable? Poverty is indispensable to riches, literaryeditor of the((National Review ” and of the richesis necessary to poverty. Thetwo evils beget

“ New CenturyIllustrated,” Horteur, having received oneanother, and are kept up one by theother. The me in hisstudy, said to me from thedeeps of his condition of the poor must not be ameliorated ; it must editorial seat : besuppressed. I will notencourage the rich togive alms,because their charity poisonous,is because (‘My dear Hammer, write me a story for my special charitydoes good to him whogives and evil to him number of the ‘New Century ’; three hundred lines on who receives, and because, in the end, wealth being in theoccasion of the ‘ day of theyear.’ Something of itself hardand cruel, must not shelter itself beneath real living interest, with an aristocratic aroma.” the deceptivecloak of kindness.Since you wish me I replied toHorteur that I wasnot “dear,” in the to write a story for the rich, I will say to them : ‘Your sense, atleast, inwhich hesaid it, but that I would poor are your dogs that you feed to kill. The assisted willingly write him a tale. are to the well-to-do a pack of hounds, who snarl and bark at the proletariat. The rich give only to those “ shouldvery much like it to be called ‘ A Story whoask. The workers ask for naught. And nothing ” for theRich,’ he said to me. do they receive !’ ” “ I should like it better as a ‘ Story for the Poor.’ ” “ But the orphans, the unfit, the aged?” “That’s exactlywhat I mean-a story which would (‘Theyhave the right to live. For them I will not inspire the rich with pityfor the poor.” excite pity ; I will invoke right.” (‘That’s precisely what I don’tlike : thatthe rich (‘All that is theory.Let us goback to reality. have pity for the poor.” You’ll let me have a short Christmas story, and you’ll beable to put in ita point ortwo about Socialism. “ Sarcastic !” Socialismisquite fashionable. It’san élegance. I “Notsarcastic at all, but scientific. I hold the pity am not speaking, of course, of the Socialism of Guesde, of the rich towards the poor injurious and contrary to or of the Socialism of Jaurès but of that good Socialism humanbrotherhood. If you wish me tospeak to the which the upperclasses offer as a substitute for Col- lectivism. Sketch me a few young faces in your story. rich,I will sayto them : ‘ Sparethe poor fromyour It will beillustrated, and one likes, in pictures, only pity : they haveno use for it. Why pity,and not pleasantsubjects. Put in thepicture a young girl, a justice? You have anaccount with them. Settle it ! very younggirl. Is itdifficult?” It’snot a sentimentalbusiness. It is an economic “No, it is not difficult.” business. If what you giveto themgraciously is for ((Could younot also introduce in thestory a little prolongingtheir poverty and yourriches, the gift is sweep? I havean illustration quite ready, a gravure iniquitous,and not all thetears which you shed will in colours,which represents a beautifulyoung girl render it just. You mustbegin torefund, asthe givingcharity to a little sweep at a streetcrossing. This would be an opportunity of using it. It is cold, it attorneysaid to the judge after the sermon of good snows ; thebeautiful young lady is charitable tothe brotherMaillard. You bestow alms so as not to re- littlesweep. Do you understand?” fund. You give little to keep much and you congratu- “ I understand.’’ lateyourselves on it ! So thetyrant of Samosthrew “ You’ll embroider the theme ?” his ringinto the sea. But the Nemesis of the gods “ Yes,I’ll embroider it. The littlesweep, moved by received notthat offering. A fishermanbrought back a sense of gratitude, throws his arms around the neck to the tyrant his ring in the belly of a fish. And Poly- of the beautiful young lady, and discovers that she is the ‘own ‘daughter of CountLordknowswho. He crates was spoiled of his riches.’ ” gives hera kiss, and imprints on the cheekof that “You are joking !” gracious childa small sooty O, a pretty little O, quite “ Notat all ! Iwant to make known tothe rich roundand black. He lovesher. Edmée--yes, her that their beneficence is at adiscount and their gene- name is Edmée--isnot insensible to so sincereand rosityis cheap, that theyamuse their creditors, and ingenuous a feeling. The ideaseems to me rather that it is not a business-like way of doing things. It’s touching. ” “Yes, you’ll be able to make something of it.” an opinion which may be useful to them.” “You encourage me togo on. Returningto her “And you wantto write such stuff forthe ‘ New sumptuousapartments in KensingtonGardens, Edmée Century ’-to increasethe circulation ! Notthat, my experiencesfor the firsttime afeeling of regretat friend--not that !” havingto wash herface ; she would like to preserve (‘Why would you have the rich act towards the poor onher cheeks the imprint of the lipswhich placed it otherwise thantowards the rich andthe powerful? there.However, the little sweep has followed her to the door ; he remains in ecstasy under the windows of Theypay what they owethem, and if theyowe them theadorable young girl. Will thatdo?” naught,then nothing do they pay. That iscommon “ Indeed, it will !” honesty. If it is honest,let them do as muchfor the “ I continue : The morning after, Edmée, sleeping in poor, and say not that the rich owe nothing to the poor. her little white bed,sees the little sweep emerge from I don’t believe that a single rich manthinks that. It the chimney of herroom. Hethrows himself in- is on theextent of thedebt that their incertitude genuouslyon the delightful child andcovers herwith begins. And they don’tat all seem anxiousto find a little sooty O’s, quite round. I’ve forgotten to tell you thatshe has beauty of a wondrouskind. Countess way out. Theyprefer rather to remain in uncertainty. Lordknowswhosurprises him in hispleasant occupa- They know what they owe. They know that they owe, tion. She cries,she calls. He is so busy that he and theynow andagain make a smallinstalment. neither sees nor hears her.” They call this benevolence. Really, it’squite a paying “ My dear Hammer !” business. ” “He is so busy that he neithersees nor hears her. (‘Butwhat you saylacks commonsense, my dear The count rushes in. He has the soul of a gentleman. contributor. I amperhaps more of a Socialist than He takes the little sweep by the seat of histrousers, you. But I ampractical. To suppress a sorrow, to which happens tobe uppermost atthe moment, and prolong a life, to repair a bundle of social grievances- flings him out of the window.” in short, one does the little good one can. It’s not all, “ My dear Hammer--” 230 THE NEW AGE JANUARY 6, 1910

‘‘I’llcut the story short. Nine months after the does,in the expressions on the faces of thefigures. littlesweep marries the young lady-and itwas only As adornments, for example, to a fine edition of Marcus justin time ! Thereyou have the result of charity Aureliusthey are, in my opinion,simply an imperti- well bestowed.” nence,and even for the “ Songwhich is Solomon’s ” “My dear Hammer, you have set my head spinning theyare simpering enough. Mr. Sullivan,since he like a top !” couldillustrate “ Sartor Resartus ” withoutoffending, “Don’t believeanything of thekind ! I finish. might possibly please me with a Marcus Aurelius ; Mr. Having married Lady Lordknowswho, the little sweep Flintcertainly cannot. I regret it deepIy. But I sup- inherits a largefortune, and is ruined on the race- pose that my regrets will not prevent the marriage of course. To-day he is a master chimney-sweep at Cam- these prettinesses to the superb type of Mr. Horne. Camberwell. His wife keeps a shop in the Old Kent Road, *** and sells alarm clocks at 7s. 9d. each, payable in eight The Florence Press, elder rival of the Riccardi Press, months.” continuesits activity, and will assuredlynot permit “My dear Hammer, it’s not at all funny !” itself tobe forgotten. Its latest work which I have “Takecare, my dear Horteur ! What I havejust seen is Swinburne’s“Songs Before Sunrise.” It is a toldyou is intrinsically ‘ TheFall of anAngel,’ by beautiful book, and the difficulties of setting verse into Lamartine, ‘and the ‘ Eloa ’ of Alfred de Vigny. And, a harmoniouspage have been splendidly overcome. all things considered, it is worth more than your touch- But I mustprotest against the title-page. The title- ing little stories which lead readers to imagine they are pageshocked me. It has a clumsyappearance, and it good people, whilst really they are not good at all ; that bearsno relation to the rest of thebook. Apparently theydo good whilst not doing so, thatit is easy for it has been drawn by a skilled draughtsman to imitate themto be beneficent, whilst it is the most difficult type,and then printed from a block of thedrawing. thingin the world. My story is a moralone. More- This, I would remind the Florence Press, is not letter- over,it is optimistic and has a happyending. For pressprinting. The explanation may bethat the Edméefound in theshop in theOld Kent Road the Florence Press does not possess a size of its type which happinessshe would have sought for in vain at ‘ At itconsidered large enough for the title-page. If so, it Homes ’ andgarden parties if she had married a wouldhave done better tofollow the early great diplomator a PermanentUnder-Secretary. My dear printers,and content itself withan insignificant title- editor, tell me, will youaccept ‘ Edmée ; or,Charity page of itsordinary capitals. Or it might have had a Well Bestowed,’ for the ‘ New Century Illustrated ’ ?” franklydecorative title-page which made no pretence “ And do you ask this seriously?” of being printed from type. Or it might have employed “I ask youseriously. If youdon’t like my story I a dodge which I invented for myself for the title-pages will publish it elsewhere.” of privatelyprinted books of myown, namely, to set “ Where ?” up difficult linesin the largest size of type you have, “ In a bourgeois paper.” thentake a verycareful impression of thelines, and “ I defy you to !” thenhave a blockmade to the required size from the ‘‘ You will see !” impression,and print from that block. The resulting illusionisnearly perfect, whereas the title-page of “ SongsBefore Sunrise ” wouldnot, I think,deceive Books and Persons. even a publisher.I offer all theseremarks with great respect. (AN OCCASIONAL CAUSERIE.) *** I HAYE obtained the first production of the new- “ Ric- Mr. FrankPalmer is going to republish Mr. Frank cardiPress.” It is a brochure of 20 pages,being Mr. Harris’s two volumes of short stories, “ Elder Conklin ” J. M. Rigg’stranslation of “TheStory of Griselda,” and“Montes the Matador,” athalf-a-crown each. thetenth story of thetenth day of theDecameron. Thesevolumes will sell. OutsideRussia there is no There are 500 copieson paper, and 12 on vellum. Mr. short story that I think finer than “Montes,” and I am Horne’snewest fount is all thatthe publisher (Mr. one of a largecohort in thatopinion. Iventure to PhilipLee-Warner, Albemarle Street, W.) hassaid of hope that Mr. Frank Harris will not follow the example it.I have never seen any modern characters to equal of Mr. George Moore in rewriting his books as a pre- these in sheerbeauty and in freedomfrom preciosity. liminaryto reprinting them. Let him let the words The page is simply exquisite, which means, of course, stand.predictedI “a badpress ” forMr. Harris’s thatthe composition and the presswork are also very “TheMan Shakespere,” andIdid so because I felt fine. I cannotunderstand why these productions of surethat its originality, convincingness, and candour Mr.Warner’s are put forward as by the “ Riccardi wouldannoy all themandarins to fury. I was wrong. Press.”From the evidence of thisbook, at any rate, ’The bookhas had an extensive sale, and will imme- there is noRiccardi Press ; thereis nothing but the diately go into a new edition, and it has been excellently fount of type which Mr. Horne has designed, and which receivedby Shakspereancritics in thePress. The one Mr. C. T. Jacobi, one of the most distinguished printers startling exception was a singular article by that man- in England, has used for printing the book at his own darin,Professor C. H. Herford, in the “ Manchester press. Afount of typeis not a press.Nevertheless, Guardian.” The professor resolutely damned the book, on the half-title of “ The Story of Griselda ” is a very but did not descend to specific details in his damnation ; beautiful butsomewhat oddly placed “device ” con- andhe went so faras to describe a work which has tainingthe legend, “ RiccardiPress.” After all, a occupied the mind of our supreme Shaksperean expert pressought to be a press. And enthusiastsfor fine forfourteen years, and whose leading ideas have re- printingought to be enthusiasts €or language that is mained alive in the minds of hundreds of Shaksperean not open to misconstruction.*** students ever since they first appeared in the “Saturday Review ” a dozen years ago.The mandarin went so With regard to Mr. Russell Flint’s watercolour draw- far as todescribe this work as “almost a disgraceto ings for the illustration of the more elaborate books of Englishscholarship.” thankI him forhaving done theRiccardi Press, I have paid a visit toAlbemarle hisbest to fulfil my prophecy,but I could wish (if I Streettoinspect them. They are very clever, in- tried)that my prophecyhad not been fulfilled in the genious, and fanciful, and so carefully finished that they greatest newspaper in theworld. Had I been the Tsar mighthastily be mistaken for reproductions of them- of the“Manchester Guardian,” either I wouldhave selves by some “art firm ” that had carried the art of beheaded a mandarin, or I would have insisted on him eliminating character from a reproduction further than deletingthat “almost ” andgoing the whole hog. An ithad ever been carried before. To my mindthey are executionwould have been moreto my taste.After verylacking in originality. To callthem ‘‘first-rate ” all, mandarinic screeds of this kind can only be washed seemsto me a daringmisuse of terms. They are out in blood,and I hereby extend toProfessor C. H. ’ pretty,and no more ; andthe mentality of thepainter Herford the black hand. disclosesitself, asthe mentality of a painteralways JACOB TONSON. JANUARY 6, 1910 THE NEW AGE 231

Whenhe tipped his slouch hat back on his head he Paul Verlaine. looked the picture of a mediaeval troubadour who might have gone about with a copy of Petrarch in one hand By Francis Crierson. and a blunderbussin the other. He smoked inces- THEREis a strikingcongruity in the three names, santly, occasionally taking a sip from a glass of cognac Villon, Voltaire,and Verlaine. The letter V, crossed I divinedbeneath the drone-dreamy’ eyes the dim at the top, forms a triangle ; to think of Villon is to souvenirs of a thousandmeditations too subtle for thinkof Voltaire and Verlaine. They stand in the words.Once in a whilehe straightened up, raisedhis history of literature like symbolical figures on the dial brows,and with an inimitable gesture of bonhomie of Time. They are pointed and personal ; they become passed a trivialremark. Certain gestures gave the permanent in the memory. impression that he was trying to suppress some passing Two or three short poems, such as Villonand Verlaine emotion, and it seemed to me that he was smoking not lainehave left us, refute with a stroke of the pen the so muchfor enjoyment asto keep his face from re- maxims of philosopherswho lay down rules for the laxing into an expression of gravity. training- of the intellect and the development of talent. Nothing, says Talleyrand, discloses the secrets of the A single page discloses more intellectual force of poetry mind so much as themouth. To keepthe mouth thantomes of scientific andpsychological analysis. covered was this diplomat’s way of maintainingfacial One lines from Villon :- composure.Verlaine, drowsy as hewas on that par- Où sont les neiges’ d’antan? ticular evening, was doing all he could to assist nature has swept through the avenues of Time like a souvenir in anattitude of indifference. Perhaps of allthe de- of immortal regrets, and will pass on through the ages vices of man to veil the true state of the mind that of until the flood-gates of destiny swing together and the smoking is themost effective. Whathas it not done worldfades on the shores of oblivion. There is more tokeep thought hidden from the crowd ! Thesmall human feeling in two lines from Verlaine :- glass of cognacbefore him helped him nothing ; and Il pleut sur le toit I have noticed that the sipping of tea or coffee assists Et il pleur dans man coeur, no one to hide the real expression of the face ; that can than there is in the whole of Milton’s “Paradise Lost,” onlybe done by holding a cigaretteor a pipein the nomatter how we may try to deny it. The sublime mouth. And thenthe poet did not know me-I might rarelymoves us unless it connotates something inti- have been anenvious rival or a newspaperman in mate and poignant The heart can no more forget the search of copy. realthan it can escape out of thebody. A birdmay Anotherpoet, M. JeanMoreas, occupied a corner, leave the cage and “fly away and be at rest,” but the wherehe played dominoes with a companion.Once in heart is without wings ; it is bound under a burden of a while he would fix his eyes on his friend and say, with perpetualcares and the souvenirs of eternalsorrows. childishglee : “ J’aidu talent ! Moi,j’ai du talent !” If Dante’sgreat poem consisted in a description of tappinghis breast with delightful egotism as hepro- Heavenno one would read it. The interest centres in nouncedthe words. M. AnatoleFrance had just Hell and Purgatory. After these states he rises beyond written a flatteringnotice of theyoung poet’s first thehuman ; heceases to speak of thethings that success, “Le Pèlerin Passionné.” I feltthat wasI afflict the soul, and we leave the poet to the joys of his beingamused as well as instructed : there was Ver- own imagination.What some people call the classical laine, sitting before us like a sleepy lion ; others, here is a cold,inanimate thing born of theintellect. And and there, playing dominoes ; the general calm broken the imagination alone has never yet satisfied the yearn- now and again by the cry of exuberant naïveté : “ Moi, ings of humanity.Five hundred years hence Tennyson j’ai du talent !” may only bequoted for a few brief lines in which Verlaine at last began to be talkative without saying anythingworthy of note.Suddenly he proposed to “tearsfrom the depths of somedivine despair ” will mingle in Keats’sGrecian vase with the odour of accompany us to the Chat Noir. I offered some excuse. Omarian roses. Sittingthere, in anold, classical quarter of Paris, I The difference between the exquisite and the sublime felt myself still in an atmosphere of poetic and artistic is the difference between the heart and the imagination. tradition. We were as yet on the borders of sanity and Of the palaces in which I have been a guest I have not sanitation, in a world where we might-, in imagination, seen one I would care to live in. We admire the costly touchthe gold on Richelieu’s robe, the locks on the decorations and the frescoed ceilings, which necessitate wigof Racine, and the perfumed fringes of courtly a wrench of the neck to appreciate, but we are glad to coquettes, in all of which some dignity and order might be back to a cosy cottage or a comfortable hotel. One be surmised. eveningspent round ablazing fire engenders more Butsitting in a café of anydescription has always inspirationthan a hundred spent before one carefully seemedto me like a descentinto Bohemia. The dif- tended by a valet in brassbuttons, the very sight of ference between the independence of the garret and the whom dissipatesart and induces artifice. In literature disorder of thegutter is nomore than six flights of theexquisite takes precedence of power. It is the rare stairs.There are people mho try to hide the truth and the consummate which possess the perennial charm. regardingthe habit of spending a certainportion of Writing of Villon and Verlaine, the question of taverns the day or evening in suchplaces, but the habit dissi- andcafés arises in my mind. It was in acafe in the patesintellectual force. noticedI a clashing of in- Place del’Odéon that I firsttalked with Verlaine. dividual interests and ambitions, which made me think Now, there is as much difference between a tavern of of a cosmopolitancrowd at a tabled’hôte. Indeed, a the olden times and a modern café as there is between literarycafé, a tabled’hôte, and a pseudo-mystical a brasserie and a club. I never could acquire the habit salonare three things which give a badturn to the of sitting at or in a cafe; but I found myself compelled blood and a wryespression to the face. The first dis- to meet Verlaine at that particular café or not to see courages,the second gives indigestion, the third de- him at all. It was brilliantly lit, comfortable, orderly, velops madness. and quiet. The poet was there when I arrived, and I Isaw Verlaine twice again, once at his lodging- house, in a street in thepoorest quarter of thePan- was introduced by one of hisfriends. He appeared, as I had expected to seehim, unaffected, and apparently théon close to Sainte-Geneviève, in thevery neigh- unconcerned aboutanything or anybody. To judge bourhoodfrequented by Francois Villon five hundred him by the clothes he wore he might have been a car- yearsago ! Thesenarrow streets have remained the penter or a bricklayer.But his face--there was no samefor ages. Villon had probably often walked doubt aboutthat ! Therewas the face, genus Villon- through this street, perhaps even lived in it ; but now Voltaire ! Some might have called it the second incar- thepicturesque houses of histime have been replaced nation of Frnacois Villon. In all Paristhere was by uglyand unromantic stone buildings, which form nothingresembling it. Over two sleepy, waggish grey conventionalliving-tombs for the unfortunate men of eyes, a pairof mephistophelian brows curved upwards talent and genius doomed to live and die in them. at theends like an interrogation point in ‘‘Faust.” When we entered the house we saw a greasy-looking proprietor, who conducted us to a bedroomon one of 232 THE NEW AGE JANUARY 6, 1910

the upperfloors. The room,with its old-fashioned midnight, and what is called the last scene of the play bed withfaded curtains, was the picture of canopied is simplya choral spell pronounced by the fairies and misery. Thesight still haunts me, in spite of the their king and queen over the house, and the bridal bed interveningyears. Therewas not a bookor a news- of each wedded pair. paper or a hand-bag or an ornament anywhere visible ; That Elizabethan poets were in the habit of writing nothingbut the bed, a fewchairs, and a table.I had masks for such occasions does not require to be stated, visited geniuson the top floors of dingyhouses, in nordoes any Shakespearean need reminding that garretsfar abovethe humand movement of the Shakespeare could write by command, as in the case of materialworld, and yet inthese places I had noticed Queen Elizabeth and The Merry Wives of Windsor. Is signs of home-like comfort-there were books, an easy- it necessary to ask by whose request, and under what chair, a petcat or dog, and some one withincalling circumstances,he must have written A Midsummer distance.This room filled mewith horror. The poet Night’s Dream ? had alighted here like a bird of passage on a withered He had already written a dozen sonnets addressed to tree in the wilderness of Paris.He had come tothis anoble youth, presumably with theapproval of his place I know not how nor for how long, and I am not family, urging him to amarriage towards which he sure that he felt the situation one way or the other, or seems to have been strongly disinclined, as Demetrius gave himself much trouble about the appearance of the isdisinclined to Helenain the play. At lastSouth- room, the house,or anything init. I had opened the ampton,or Herbert-it hardlymatters which,for the door of Bohemia, and looked in as we look at a ward two were kinsmen-yields his consent. Themarriage in a hospital. beingagreed on, the honour of writingthe wedding Afterwaiting about ten minutes Verlaine entered. mask falls by rightto the poet who. has pleaded so He carried a bowl with food of some kind, and after a successfully.But now his task becomes infinitely deli- few words of apology he sat downand proceeded to cate.The lady’sfeelings have to beconsidered. The eat the contents. My one thought now was how to get bridegroom’s surrender is the theme, but it must be so away,for I sawthat the poetwas not in a talking treated as to represent his past ungraciousness as the mood, and conversation under such conditions was not result of blindness, or evenmagic spells-this last a to be expected. widely prevalent superstition of the times,-and not to But I saw Verlaine once again, and for the last time. anydefect in the bride. Last of all shemust be Itwas on the BoulevardSaint-Michael, some months assuredthat the love now offered her is notfeigned, later. He walkedwith difficulty leaning on thearm but the result of a real conversion. of a young man who seemed half idiotic. They looked Thatwas the poet’s task,and he has exquisitely liketwo mendicants on their way home after having accomplished it, with a tact utterly beyond the reach of amassed a few sous at somechurch door. The unfor- Pope when he wrote the Rape of the Lock on a more tunate poethad altered considerably ; he looked pre- trivialoccasion. Thebare plot of Demetrius’ recon- occupied,indifferent. He was going to pass me, when ciliation to Helena would have been a coarse apology. a suddenimpulse mademe stop him. To my great The poet has shaded off the broad and transparent allu- surprisehe began to talk seriously. He spokeof his sion by endlessminor ones. A MidsummerNight’s souvenirs of England. “Ah,” he said,among Dream issteeped from beginning to end in theatmo- otherthings, “what a differencethere isbetween sphere of lovers’misunderstandings, and love’sunac- the word ‘ mère ’ andthe word ‘ mother ’ ! The countable caprice. Englishword issoft, homely,and musical. I love The keynote is struck in the immortal verses, theEnglish language. There is the word heaven ‘ ’; ”Ah me ! for aught that ever I could read, how much more beautiful it is than the word ‘ ciel ’ ! Could ever hear in tale or history, English is made for sentiment and poetry.” The course of true love never did run smooth.” I was now talking to Verlaine the poet. Every word Thepoet proceeds to ransack tale and history, and heuttered was full of seriousmeaning. Pathetic earth and fairyland for instances. The fairy king dotes beyond expression was the simplicity, the naïveté of his on a changeling boy ; the queenbecomes enamoured words andgestures. The aspect of the mediaeval ex- of an ass ; and so there is heart-burning and quarrelling pression had gone from his face. It seemed to me that amongthe elves.Oberon ischarged with infidelity to I was talking to one of Millet’s peasants who had laid Titania ; Titania with having made Theseus false to a aside the hoe fora moment to express to a passer-by whole list of mortal loves. Theseus himself pleads some of his most intimate and hallowedfeelings. And guilty to having won Hippolyta by force. In the course so Ihad one more proof of theeternal verityuttered of theaction the two pairs of lovers, under the by the immortalploughman : “A man’s a manfor a’ mischievous influence of Puck, fallin and out of love that. ” witheach other,and exchange parts as in a sort of Puss-in-the-Corner.Living royalty is laidunder tributeto the poet’s theme. The Queenof Scots and The Unknown Shakespeare.-II. her evil glamour, Elizabeth and her no less mysterious invulnerability tothe shafts of Cupid, aredragged in By Allen Upward. withoutthe smallest apparent excuse-with no con- i ceivableexcuse except thedesire to propitiate Her A Midsummer Night’s Dream is almost the only play Grace’s Highness on an occasion so certain to provoke notmentioned, except accidentally, in Mr. Harris’s her spite and jealousy as a young noble’s wedding ; by book.* Yet it is, in one sense, the most Shakespearean tworeminders, first that allwere not as invulnerable of all the plays. It is the one least capable of having as herself,and secondly thatit was more to her own comefrom any other mind.Only Shakespeare could interest that hernobles should marry in their own havebrought Bottom into fairyland, and made him classthan fall,like Norfolk, in lovewith her im- seem born within the allegiance. prisonedrival. And so, the whole play preaches with At the same time, A Midsummer Night’s Dream is irresistiblepersuasion that loveand aversion are not distinguished from every other play of Shakespeare by within the power of mortalsor immortals, and that itstechnical character. It is cot inreality a comedy, no lady ought to take it to heart if her own charms nor can it have been written in the firstplace for the are slighted for a season. theatre.It is a mask,and itwas most evidently Iam surprised that Mr. Harris has notseen in the writtento be performed at awedding. It encloses, somewhat in the vein of Hamlet, a satire on the rustic episode of Titania’s love for Bottom an apology for the poet’syouthful infatuation for Anne Hathaway. masks offered onsuch occasions by thetenantry of But noblehouses. Butmore good-humoured satire was the truth is that the whole mask is too exuberant with never written. The lion roars as gently as any sucking joyful feeling to exhibitany marks of Shakespeare’s dove. Thespirit of kindnessand goodwill isabroad. graver mood. The lovers’ crosses never remind him for Shakespeare makes his own mask end on the stroke of amoment of his own. Thatis becausehe is writing ~.-- in the floweringseason of his life. He now stands at * cc The Man Shakespeare, and his Life Tragedy.” thetop of happyhours, and from that height looks JANUARY 6, 1910 THE NEW AGE 233

down upon the follies andgriefs of mortalswith the Scethrog,whether or not attracted thither by some half-mocking smile of Puck. “ dark woman ” who was fair for him. The name of Puck brings me to the question in which I picture him, pleased with the commission to write I ammore personally interested : Where didShake- a maskin honour of hisfriend and patron. Perhaps speare write A Midsummer Night’s Dream? itwas now thathe received thefamous thousand pounds. At any rate this time he is not going to write I pass over the gush of the “scholars ” and “critics ” forthe groundlings. The season is midsummer. We on thesubject of Warwickshire, a county inwhich maysuppose the playhouses are closed. He sets forth Shakespearehad the misfortune to be born, in which fromLondon, not this time for stuffy Stratford, and he was treated as a vulgar upstart and a poacher, which the society of purse-proud burgesses, and the snubs of heleft on the first opportunity, and to which he only JusticeShallow, but for the wild andbeautiful valley returnedwhen life’s candles were burnt out, to drink of the Usk, and the hospitality of a land where bards himself to death. had once been the friends of kings. I picture the Ugly The name Puck, which needs a monograph to itself,* Duckling, no longer pecked at by hens, and chased by still lingers in British place names, and I cannot assert every cur, but welcomed into the kindred of the swans. thatit had diedout of therural speech of Warwick- I see himin hismost glorious hour, wandering forth shire.But the evidencepoints theother way. It is by moonlight into the goblin-haunted vale, and peopling significant that the list of Dramatis Personae translates it with Oberon and Titania and all the fairy crew. Fore- it by “Robin Goodfellow,” a uniquetouch. It is simi- mostamong them stands forth the native sprite, larlytranslated in the play. The fairy inAct II hails obedient tothe wand of theenchanter, like another Puckas “thou lob of spirits ” -- compareMilton’s Ariel, and “ puts a girdleround about the earth in “lubber fiend ” -- andafterwards informs him, with forty minutes.” some clumsiness of art, that he is called “Robin Good- “ The best in this kind are but shadows,” but such fellow,” “ Hobgoblin,” and “ sweet Puck.” Puck him- shadows were never cast on earth before or since. self, at the end of the play,describes himself as “ an honestPuck,” “the Puck,” and “Robin.” Malone seems to have been the first to point out that Verse.* the name is current in Welsh as pwca translated in the Welshword-books by “goblin.”At the same time he MR. POUND exultsthrough the souls of great men. records the tradition that Shakespeare once visited the He says :-- seat of my ancestors,the Vaughans of Scethrog,in No man has dared to write this thing as yet, Breconshire,and he suggeststhat Shakespeare there And yet I know how that the souls of all men great picked up the name. At times pass through us, And we are melted into them, and are not Actingon this hint, H. F. Lytetells us (inhis Savereflexions of their souls. life of HenryVaughan, the Silurist) that he made Thus am I Dante for a space, and am carefulinquiries on the spot. The author of Abide One François Villon, ballad-lord and thief, With Me found that there was a valley near Scethrog Or am such holy ones I may not write, called Cwm-Pwca(Goblin Vale), and that a tradition, Less blasphemy be writ against my name; still extant, alleged it to have been the favourite haunt This for an instant and the flame is gone. of a famous “bard,” who had oncevisited the neighbour- But though he would have it that “the Masters of the hood. It isonly necessary to add that the Herbert family Soul ” speak through him, it seems truer to say that he is strongly represented in Monmouthshire, and that, as himself speaks through the glamour which their names I am informed, it has intermarried with the Vaughans, cast over him. That is why, for instance, Sandalphon, formerly of Breconshire. theangel of prayeraccording to the Talmud, breaks The effect of circumstantialevidence is cumulative, out with a forsitan! Why,too, the poem, “ Night andhasit now become very strong. The half- Litany,” has a refrain- humorous, but altogether sincere liking of Shakespeare O Dieu,purifiez nos cœurs! for Walesand Welshmen has long beenremarked. purifiez nos coeurs Mr. Harris accuses him of forgetting that the English and the “ Sestina : Altaforte ” is introduced thus :- bowmenwon the battle of Agincourt. He did notfor- Loquitur : En Bertram de Born. get that an ancestor of the Vaughans, Sir David Gam, Dante Alighieri put this man in hellfor that he was a had helped to win it, and he was thinking of him, per- stirrer-up of strife. haps, in Fluellen. Is it a coincidence that he has intro- Eccovi ! duced a Welshman into that other play written by com- Judge ye ! mand? I mustleave such inquiries to Shakespearean Have I dug him up again? specialists. The first lines are :- I shallbe pardoned by Shakespeareans for taking Damn it all ! all this our South stinks peace. somenatural pleasure in thethought that Shake- Yourwhoreson dog, Papiols, come!Let’s to music. spearewas an honoured guest of myancestors, Why, too, Simon Zelotes, speaking somewhile after the themselves one of the three royal clans of Wales, at a Crucifixion,in the“Ballad of the Goodly Fere,” or time when the village boor of Charlecote was probably Christ,uses a jargon which, I believe, is supposedto too proud to speak to him. be old English. It consistsmainly in theclipping of The poet D’Avenant was not unwilling to be thought words ; butstill it is a jargon.Why, too, Mr. Pound entitles his poems in different languages : “ Nel Bian- theson of Shakespeare.The Silurist and his brother, cheggiar,” “ Planh,”“Laudantes Decem “Aux Thomas Vaughan the mystic, were too devout receiveto . . .,” Belles deLondres.” For Mr. Poundis an American, anythingbut pain from a suggestionthat they were and a hotchpotch of picturesqueness, made up of divers Shakespeare’sgrandsons, even if ithad beenmade. elements-in literature, words from divers tongues-is I confessthat I shouldnot esteem descent from the Americanidea of beauty.Thank heaven that Mr. Shakespeareless honourable than such descent from Pound is a poet also, and that this picturesqueness is CharlesII. However, it may be regarded as a mere onlysauce to the dish. Still, one sees no reasonwhy coincidence, probably,that the Athenaeum critic re- the refrain quoted above should not be- marked “ Shakespeareantendencies ” in the structure of my ownyouthful verses, and went on tosay that O God, make clean our hearts ! thosetendencies seemed tobe inevitable tome, even make clean our hearts! when I was trying to escape them. exceptthat the French makes the poem picturesque, and,therefore, from an American point of view, more It is a more legitimate and pleasing thought that the beautiful.But that“Eccovi ! Judge ye !” andthe poetwhom Stratfordnever honoured in his lifetime may havespent the happiest moments of hislife at * “Exultations of Ezra Pound ” (Mathews, 2s 6d. net) ; ___._____- “New Poems,” by William Watson (Lane) ; “The Thrush ’’ * Golfersknow the sprite asBogie. (1s.. monthly). 234 THE NEW AGE JANUARY 6, 1910

funny “ Have I dug him up again?” I am afraid not ; Themost valuable contribution to “ The Thrush,” for the “ Sestina : Altaforte ” is rant. a new monthly magazine for the publication of poetry But with all these reservations one must agree that andkindred matter, is Mr. Ford Madox Hueffer’s there is in, Mr. Pound’s new book a rift of real, though excellentarticle on ‘‘ ModernPoetry. ” He asks the vague, beauty, impalpable gold, as in the “ Laudantes poet to come out of his study, to be sincere, to abjure Decem . . .,” and “ Planh ” ; andin the sonnet dilettantism, and to be a man of his age, not for ever “Plotinus ” helifts himself suddenly out of the withhiseyes turned towards thepast or the picturesqueand the subtle into. six lines of bare, Hesperides.Perhaps themodern, poet has some wrought beauty :- defence to urge.In Elizabeth’s time the fields and But I was lonely as a lonely child. flowers were always at hand, and there was a natural I criedamid the void and heard no cry, poetry on the lips of men; language had a racy flavour And then for utter loneliness made I and vitality; but we who live in an age of bricks and New thoughts as crescent images of me, mortarand machinery use a language which hasno And with them was my essence reconciled, longer the life and freshness which were got from the While fear went forth from mine eternity. proximity of town and country and contact with all the It is whenMr. Pound is speaking for himself that he variedforms of humanactivity. Commerce is vaster: achieves most, I think, and certainly not in impersona- but it is remote; the country is more accessible; but to tions whichdepend on expletives-“damns !” and get to the country is an excursion, and not a ramble. “Gods !”--to galvanisethem into life.If Mr.Pound Andthe language has become a set of newspaper could only forget his literature he would exult to more counters; most men see life through the sheets of their purpose. dailypapers. There is no poetry in the modern town; One thing is proved by these two little books of his, greatverse and finerhetoric may be made of it- “Personae” ” and “ Exultations,”and that is thatthe Verhaerenhas done so; but the world treasuresmost old devices of regular metrical beat and regular rhym- the simple elemental passions married to the forms of ing areworn out ; thesonnet and the three-quatrain beautywhich every man knows in his heart. The poemwill probably always live ; butfor the larger modernpoet, who has need of the town, because it is musicverse must be free from all the restraints of a thecentre and fillip of culture,divorces himself from regular return and a squared-up frame ; the poet must the fields and hills and streams of which he has equal forge his rhythm according to the impulse of the crea- need; both to be concomitant parts of his daily life; and tive emotion working through him. the town itself has no real organic existence--only that Andhere I will bring in the “New Poems ” of Mr. of a machine; so that, as it rumbles and roars over his William Watson, who, likeyour any versifier without head, the poet turns inward, and writes of what he finds the root of the matter in him, pours scorn “In the Orgy there,without referring it to the life around him- on Parnassus ” on thosewhom he calls the “phrase- maybe his books, may be some dream of theHes- tormenting fantastic chorus” :- perides, maybe his wit or fancy, or just his passion and You prance on language, you force, you strain it, despair. F. S. FLINT. You rack and you rive it, you twist it and maul. * * * Form, you abhor it, and taste, you disdain it- And here was a bard shall outlast you all, BOOKS RECEIVED. thesaid bard being Tennyson. Of forms Mr.Watson “ The Thrush,”Monthly, IS. net. Thirty-six solid pages has a number, of taste, sufficientunto the forms, and of mediocre verse, though Mr. G. M. Hort’s. contribution has these and an ability to fill the forms with the taste is the tang of wit, and verse-criticism at the end that is utterly banal.We esteem the .editor’s intention, but suggest that about all his “New Poems ” have. Here and there are his magazine wouldlook better in plain brown paper. Mr. some well-filled lines, of thekind for which the word Bernard Partridge’s cover-design of a buxom, double- “majestic ” seems to have been specially debased ; but, chinned lady, arrayed in flowing drapery and about to strike with the exception of a few sonnets--VIII. and XIV., a seven-stringed lyre, is too .suggestive of the contents.. The for example-theinspiration of thebook is the in- prose essays are the best part of this No. I. spiration of prose--the prose of the diary and common- “Wind of the West.”By Arthur Lewis.(Mathews, IS. place book. Withthis book Mr. Watson has added net.)Mr. Lewis writes in an accomplished andpersonal nothing to the literary riches of the language ; but he way and in many measures of elemental things ; but there is no passion in this book; his verses read like quiet brood- lendshimself tocontroversy. One is forced to think ings in the grey twilight of November days; but the accom- thathis much-vaunted “austerity to his ideal of pure plishmentis such that we couldwish for some passion to and perfect form ” is impotence after all :- wakeMr. Lewis out of his meditation. You may flout convention and scout tradition, “Poems and Baudelaire Flowers.’’By J. C. Squire. (New With courage as great as your art is small, AgePress, 2s. net.) The “ Poems” include some graceful Where the kings of mind, with august submission, lyrics, “ On the Road,” and somefleshly love-songs. They Have bowed to the laws that outlast you all, have all a modern tone, reveal a personality, and, as might the king in question being Tennyson ! But it does not be expected, aretinged with Baudelaireanism. Theauthor occur to Mr. Watsonthat it is loyalty to art to seek is a Socialist. The translations from Baudelaireare very new forms of expression, that the form to be sought is faithful to the spirit of the originals, though strict literality is, of course, impossible in metricaltranslations. But an thesuperform, the form of thegreat, enbracing and Englishman with no French could get a good idea of Baude- subtlerhythm, which, like a storm, creates itself as it laire from Mr. Squire’s versions, and not be offended. Some goes alongfrom the material in front of it with the of them,indeed, would have great merit as original verse. forcebehind it ; andit is oneof the merits of Mr. This book will be strong meat to many persons.

Pound’stwo little books that, imperfectly yet, they “ Baudelaire ” : the Flowers of Evils. By Cyril Scott. show the way. But for “mere honest work ” : (Mathews, 1s. net.) We do notdetect any merit .in these Mere honest work my mission is translations. My message and my aim, “ The Romance of the Twisted Spear,”and other tales. we do notcall a manan artist, but an artisan ; and By HerbertSherring. (Smith Elder, 6s. net.) Mr. Sher- ring has attempted to ‘‘ endue withflesh and blood the dry even then there is dishonesty in the pose of the honest bones of Rajput history,” and he has turned four long tales man. Mr.Watson’s respect for the language is into straightforward and readable blank verse, but a some- timidity,and is as ludicrous and as sterile as the fear what singular thing to do at this hour. whichwould keep a lover at a distancefrom his mis- “ Last Poems.” By George Meredith. (Constable, 4s. 6d.. tress.Every new image made is a violation of the net.) There is nothing in these verses which will .add to the language ; butMr. Watson, when he uses an image master’s reputation, and noreason why theyshould have a that is not “honest,” is careful to have good authority bookto themselves. An odd corner in the “Collected behindhim. Toseek to confinethe artist to stereo- Works ” would bave sufficed. typedforms is disloyal to the sincerity of art.The “ The SeductiveCoast.” By J. M. Stuart - Young. truth is thereis no form inMr. Watson’s“New (Ousely, 5s. net.) Poems lyrical and descriptive of Western Africa:Sierra Leone, Timbuctoo to Onitsha.Much pas- Poems,”only forms, a fardifferent thing. For great sionateand sensuousverse, some doggerel. The sonnets to form I turnagain to Francis Thompson’s “Hound of Anania might be polished and published alone. They would Heaven.” have a better hearing. JANUARY 6, 1910 THE NEW AGE 235

Shehears the priests’ death-chant, and frenzy comes The God and the Harlot. o’er her : She raves, and runs headlong ; folk scatter before her : Thrice and thrice again M’hadeva “ Whoare thou that strivest? What wilt thou with Comes to Earth, whose Lord he is, him ?” Taking flesh that he may thoroughly Know our joys and miseries. “Give me back my man, my husband- Here he stoops to dwell and suffer I’ll not yield him to the grave ! All things human, human-wise : Would ye burn and bring to ashes Who would mete out wrath or pardon Limbs so godlike, young, and brave?” Man must see through mortal eyes. Down she flings her by the litter, In the city he sojourns awhile, the Most Holy ; Shrieking to the Infinite : He spies oui the great, he takes thought on the lowly, “ Mine he was ! He knew none other ! Departing ere sunset has paled from the skies. He was mine for one sweet night !” The priests sing : “We carry the old to the burning, Comes he where the last low houses Whose bloodhath grown chill in thedays of their Lie without the city gates ; yearning ; There, with painted cheeks, is waiting Theyoung, whom Death took ere they wist of his One, a fair unfortunate. might.

“ Greeting, child !” “ Thine handmaid thanks thee “ Hear thy priests : thou wert not wedded, Gladlier than thou wottest of !” Gavest him no wifely vow ;

“Nay, who art thou?” “ Lord, a harlot, Nay, thou livest as a harlot, And this house the house of love.” Naught of duty owest thou. And hasting, she clashes the cymbals, advancing What shall cleave to him that goeth Bewildering sweet in the whirl of her dancing, Where the silent dead abide? And gives him a blossom in token of love. This the duty and the glory Of a wife, and none beside. Coaxing him to cross the threshold, Ho, trumpets, awake ye the Gods from their sleeping ! Blithesomelyshe draws him in : Ye Holy Ones, take, in quick flame, to your keeping “Come, fair stranger, thou shalt help me Thisyouth, this day-flow’r that hath withered and Light the little lamp within. died !” Thouart wearied? I’llrefresh thee ! Priestly,pitiless, they double Or thy feet are sore, perchance? All the woe she suffereth, Thine be all that thou shalt ask me- Till,with hungry arms, she flings her Rest, or jest or dalliance.” Proneupon the burning death. She busily tends his feigned hurt : he disdains not But the youth, reclothed in Godhead, Her minist’ring--even her harlotry stains not From the ravening flames doth rise, The heart he perceives in her touch and her glance. And in folding arms upbeareth His beloved to the skies. All mean service lays he on her ; The Gods, the immortals, have joyin relenting She but joys the more for this ; Toward children unfortunate, lost but repenting, So by soft degrees grows nature And bear them in fiery arms to the skies. What has erst been artifice. --Goethe: done into English by Robert Levy. Not in vain the petals scatter, So at last the fruit be whole ; Love is near, when meek obedience Drama. Fills,unquestioning, the soul. Recent Plays. But even yet hardlier seeking to prove her, THEother evening I happened to see the third act of The Lord of the Uttermost chooseth to move her Robertson’s“Caste “ given at a benefitperformance To ecstasy, terror, and infinite dole. in Birmingham.‘‘Caste ” isalmost a classic. It re- presentsthe highest achievement of Englishdramatic So the painted cheeks he kisses, art during the third quarter of the nineteenth century- And she knows the might of love, during the period, that is to say, when Dickens, Mere- For the first time falls a-weeping dith,and Hardy were all at workupon the English novel, andSwinburne and Tennyson upon English At the cruel bliss thereof : poetry.And now-who is Robertson?Surely there Sinking, not for lust, before him, could be no more vivid illustration of the decadence of Nor for wage of harlotry- the theatre. I do not know the exact date of “ Caste.” Nay, the lissome limbs refuse her Certainlyit is morethan thirty years old, and it still Their bewonted ministry ! has a place in the repertory of a few touring companies. And all the while Night has been furtively spinning Its machinery creaks a good deal. Its soliloquies grow A veil for the couch whereunto they are winning, wearisome. In outward form it bears the same relation tothe present-day comedy that a GeorgeStephenson To screen from the stars the delights yet to be. locomotivebears to the latest London and North- Westernexpress engine. Its view of lifeis wholly Sleep falls late upon their d dalliance ; romantic,with the pure romanticism of melodrama.It Waking. after little rest, is of thestage stagey. The condition of thetheatre By her heart she finds him lying mustindeed have been terrible when Robertson was Dead, her well-beloved guest. hailed as a realist. He was surely the father of modern With a cry she yearns above him, melodrama.In “Caste ” wehave all theconventional puppets adopted later by Frank Melville and G. R. Sims Butshe cannot waken him. . . . -the red-nosed,shabby old drunkard-philosopher,the Soon they bear him to the burning blondeheroine with her baby, the cheerful sister, the Naked, cold andstark of limb. comicworkman (poor but honest), the soldierly hero, 236 THE NEW AGE JANUARY 6, 1910

his aristocraticmother, and all the other exclusively This is plainly enough a journalist’s play, sensational Britishproducts familiar to theaudience of theEle- andscrappy. It dabblesoccasionally in ideas,without phantand Castle. Only “Caste ” is muchbetter the courage or the intellectual honesty to give them a writtenthan, say, “The Lights o’ London ” or “ Her fairhearing. A sopis thrown to the moderns in the Second Time on Earth.” Its treatment of the problem discussion of crime, another to the bourgeoisie in Car- of casteis, of course,quite superficial. The aristo- dyne’sprecious code of honour.Mr. Landon seems to craticfigures are stage aristocrats.They behave havetried to please everybody. His playis neither throughout just as themelodramatic audience expects fish, flesh, nor fowl, nor good red herring. them to behave. If necessary,they sit down to tea quitedemocratically with the old drunkardand the Mr. H. B. Irvingplayed Cardyne admirably, with just the necessary weariness of voice and manner, and comicworkman. This world of “Caste ” isutterly unreal. Thetypes are the types of Dickens,but the MissEva Moore saved Mrs. Rivers from fatuity. Her art of Dickens is lacking. scenes with Cardyne were very difficult, and she carried them off well. Theplay is far too thin for four acts, *** andfull of irrelevantmatter. At least three of the charactersmight have been left out without loss. If So muchfor Robertson and the drama of the the murder plot were also dispensed with, there would eighteen-seventies.How much further have we got? probably be material for a good comedy in the relations Is the modern West End comedy, with all its show of betweenMrs. Rivers and her husband. realismand superficial cleverness, really an advance ASHLEY DUKES. at all? Take, for instance, “The House Opposite,” by Mr. PercevalLandon. Here the stage machinery workssmoothly enough. The exits and entrances, the dialogue and the action in general are never farcically Insurance Notes . improbable.There are no soliloquies. The play is COMINGso early after the discussions inthe Commons on centred in the governing class-among people, that is, industrialassurance, the action raised against the officials with every opportunity for being cleverer, wittier, more and directors of the ScottishLegal Life Assurance Society cultivatedthan the democracy of theRobertsonian will be keenly watched by the public. A delegate on behalf comedy.Yet its view of liferemains the stage view. of his colleagues has raised the question of the right of the Thereis plenty of realismwithout reality. We still president, secretary, treasurer, and board to receive remune- havethe old romanticism cropping up, and the old ration from the funds of the Society for attending committee meetings, inspections of properties, and going on deputations codes of honour.In effect, theplay is nothing but in connection with the Society’s business. The sum involved well-oiled melodrama. is £10,000 andan accounting is asked in connection with the sums received. The case has been sent to the Pro- There is a sensationalplot. Richard Cardyne cedure Roll, Edinburgh, for discussion. (playedbyMr. H. B. ‘Irving)isabout to leave the house of hismistress early one morning in May. *** Somemysterious happening inthe house opposite Payment for special services has long been a vexed que- attracts his attention, as he stands at the open window. tion among friendly societies, and in the above case the pur- A lightpasses and disappears. “It’s odd-devilish suers aver that the work of the officers was fully covered by odd !” is hiscomment as hegoes. The next morning their salaries, and that they had no ground for taking extra all London knows that a murder has been committed. remuneration.We cannot understand why such a system has been allowed to go on so long unchallenged, and the Inthe house opposite, of course.An old bachelor has unfortunate issue now being raised could easily have been beenstabbed, and his housekeeper is arrested. What avoided had a resolution been passed by the delegates giving isCardyne. to do?He saw a manwith a candle. It authority to charge for special services. Those services are was a man,therefore, who committed the crime. The well known, and can be specified in a resolution. The dele- windowoverlooking the room is the window of Mrs. gates who fix thesalaries should inall conscience fix the Rivers’boudoir. Is heto sacrifice her reputation in special payments. order to savethe innocent housekeeper’s life? Ob- * * * viously, an unfortunate dilemma for a man of honour. It is argued, on the other hand, that the accounts of the Heis thoroughly tired of Mrs.Rivers. She is afraid Society were openevery year for inspection, andthat the to let him speak, afraid of public opinion, and particu- remuneration was fully disclosed. It is a familiar argument larlyafraid of herhusband, the Right Hon. Henry which convinces nobody. Whilethe Friendly Societies Act gives the members a right of access to the books of the Rivers,K.C., anex-Home Secretary. Seven weeks Society, when such a right is exercised the member is gener- pass.The unfortunate housekeeper issentenced to ally amarked man thereafter. Thehabit of inspection is death,and still Cardyne makes no definite move. He rigidly discountenanced, and instances have arisen where begins,however, to talk of hiscode of honour of a delegatesappealed to themanagement fordetails of pay- gentleman,and the audience is able to breathemore ments to officers and directors, and were unsuccessful. In freely.Clearly nogentleman will allowthe poor some societies the minute book is not classed as one of the woman to be hanged. books within the scope of the Act, and reference to it by members is refused. The spirit of those collecting friendly The day before the execution a last desperate effort societies is becoming less democratic, and the members have ismade to saveMrs. Rivers from the scandal. Marie, themselves to blame. her maid, comes forward and offers to take the blame *** uponherself. She detests Cardyne, but she will say The frequency of transfers, amalgamations, and conver- thathe was visiting her on thenight of themurder. sions is causing agents and collectors to be on the alert, and Cardynehas the reputation of a rake.Everyone will the prevailing attitude is self-protection. They see clearly readily believe that he is capable of an intrigue of the that combines and companies carried through on oldlines kind, He fallsin with the suggestion, and the imagi- will result insmaller commissions and worse termsunless special provisions are made in the memorandum of associa- narydetails are carefully thought out. Then it trans- tion. Agents have a substantial, real interest in any altera- pires that the window of Marie’s room does not over- tion of the constitution of the society for which they work, look the house opposite. There is nothing for it but a and it may be taken for granted that in future no change will full Confession. Mrs.Rivers screws herself up tothe take place with their consent unless they are guaranteed in proper pitch, and begins telling her husband the story legalform (a) thetrade-union commission of 25 percent., as hesits reading the evening newspaper. He appa- (b) interest in books, (c) a pension fund. rentlydoes not hear her, and reads on calmly. When * * * shehas done, he looks up, and remarks quietly that Public opinion with regard to lapsing has always assumed news of the real murderer’s confession has just reached that it was a source of profit to companies and societies, and London. Theincident nowis closed. Cardyne is the opinion of Mr. George King, F.I.A., F.F.A., is worth quietly dismissed, and the audience is left to infer that noting. He says : “Some people put forward the idea that thesubject will notbe touched upon again. The industrial companies make their ‘profit out of lapses ; but, as a matter of fact, they were a source of loss, and if they Rivers’ménage will continue as if nothinghad hap- could onlyinduce thriftand its continuance, they would pened. transact industriallife assurance at a much lower rate.” 237 BIBLIOGRAPHIES OF MODERN AUTHORS.

1.--H. G. WELLS. 1895 SELECT CONVERSATIONS WITH AN UNCLE. (Lane. 4/6). 1895 THE STOLEN BACILLUS AND OTHER STORIES. (Macmillan. 3/6).* 1895 THE WONDERFUL VISIT. Fantastic Story. (Dent. 5/- net). 1896 THE ISLAND OF DR. MOREAU. A Satire on Humanity. (Heinemann. 6/-). 1896 THE WHEELS OF CHANCE. A First Novel. (Dent. 6/-). 1897 THE PLATTNER STORY AND OTHER SHORT STORIES. (Macmillan. 3/6).* 1897 CERTAIN PERSONAL MATTERS. Out of print. 1897 THE INVISIBLE MAN. (Macmillan. 3/6). 1898 THE WAR OF THE WORLDS. (Heinemann. 3/6 and 6d.) 1899 WHEN THE SLEEPER WAKES. (Macmillan. 3/6). (To be published by Nelson in a revised form as “ The Sleeper Awakes.”) 1899 TALES OF SPACE AND TIME. Short Stories. (Macmillan. 3/6).* 1900 LOVE AND MR. LEWISHAM. Second Novel. (Macmillan, 3/6. Nelson, 7d.) 1901 THE FIRST MEN IN THE MOON. A Satire on Specialists, (Macmillan. 3/6). 1901 ANTICIPATIONS. An Essay in Prophecy. (Chapman and Hall. 3/6). 1902 THE DISCOVERY OF THE FUTURE. Lecture given to the Royal Institution. (Fifield. 1/-). 1902 THE SEA LADY. A Love Story. (Methuen. 6/ -). 1903 MANKIND IN THE MAKING. An Essay on Education. (Chapman and Hall. 3/6). 1903 TWELVE STORIES AND A DREAM. Mac- millan. 3/6).* 1904 THE FOOD OF THE GODS. A Satire on Littleness. (Macmillan, 3/6. Nelson, 7d.) 1905 A MODERN UTOPIA. (Nelson, 1/-. Chap- man and Hall, 7/6). 1905 KIPPS. Third Novel. (Macmillan, 3/6. Nelson, 7d. ) ago6 IN THE DAYS OF THE COMET. A Poetic Dream. (Macmillan. 6/-). 1906 THE FUTURE OF AMERICA. An Essay on Individualism. (Chapman and Hall. 10/6). 1907 THIS MISERY OF BOOTS. Fabian Tract. (3d.) 1908 NEW WORLDS FOR OLD. A Discussion and Description of Constructive Socialism. (Constable. 6/-). 1908 THE WAR IN THE AIR. (George Bell. 6/-). 1909 TONO BUNGAY. Fourth Novel. (Macmillan. 6/-) 1909 ANN VERONICA. A Love Story. (Fisher Unwin. 6/-). 1910 THE HISTORY OF MR. POLLY (Nelson). THE GEM SUPPLIES CO., Ltd. (Desk 24), THE NEW MACHIAVELLI. (Mac- 22, Pear Tree Street, Goswell Road, London, E.C. 1910 A Novel. Enclosed find Money Order value 30s. for which send me one 30s. NO. I millan). Standard Gem Bath Cabinet. This Money Order is sent on the under- standing that I am at liberty toreturn the Cabinet within the next ten days and my money will be returned. * The “ Short Stories of H. G. Wells ” will be re-published Name ...... in 1910 in one volume, with an introduction by the author, Address ...... by Messrs. Nelsons. 238

working in the public streets of Johannesburg in the garb CORRESPONDENCE. of a convict among a band of criminals of the lowest type, SPECIAL NOTICE.--Correspondents are requested to be brief simply because he refused to give his finger-prints as a Many letters weekly are omitted on account of their length. means of his identification. This is only one example of the disgusting laws which are THE “TIMES” BEHIND THE TIMES. passed, with the approval of the Imperial Government here, io degrade the Indians in South Africa, and I am sure I am To THE EDITOROF “THENEW AGE.” not wrong in adding that they are passed as a possible mean;: Regarding the backwardness of English newspapers where of driving the Indians out of the Transvaal, where they have new philosophical problems are concerned, the following won such great successes in all branches of trade and pro- quotation from a leading American paper (the “New York fessions through their arduous labours. Sun,” of December 6th) may perhaps interest you. This kind of “Justice ” was certainly not enforced under J. M. KENNEDY. the Boer régime. Is it not time that the eyes of the British public were We note with much interest that the London “Times ” opened to this shameful state of affairs, and an appeal made has at last discovered Nietzsche. “Until a few years ago to the Imperial Government to use its influence with the he was hopelessly obscure,” remarks the “Thunderer,” with Government of the Transvaal to do away with this obnoxious certain complacency. This is news to those who recall a “class ” legislation, and to treat with a little more fair play ten years’ of furious uncritical quarrelling, from 1890 to and justice those of our fellow subjects who have not the 1900. Even in benighted New York the name and doctrines slightest chance of protecting themselves, since they have of Nietzsche were discussed in the middle eighties. Taine not even a voice in the government of the Colony, and the admired him early, as did George Brandes; but even the franchise is debarred them ? PHILIPTOBIAS. critical cachet of these thinkers did not save Nietzsche his stony road to Damascus. It will be news, however, to his *** readers in all parts of the globe to learn that “he lost his THE COCOA TRADE. reason before he found a publisher.” If the writer in the To THE EDITOROF “THE NEW AGE.” “Times ” takes the trouble to look up the life of Friedrich, by his accomplished sister, Elisabeth Foerster-Nietzsche, he Referring to various comments which have appeared in may be surprised to find that many of his new collected THE NEW AGE concerning the attitude of Messrs. Cadbury works had seen the light of publication before the mental towards the slavery in San Thomé, the following extract eclipse. of the brilliant philosopher at Turin in 1889, For from Sir Edward Carson’s cross-examination of Mr. Wil- example, “The Birth of Tragedy ” (1872) ; “ Wagner in, Bay- liam Adlington Cadbury may be of interest. “Now you reuth ” (1876); between 1877 and 1882, “Human all too wrote a letter in May, 1908, to THE NEW AGE paper. Will Human,” “The Dawn of Day,” “The Gay Science,” and you look at p. 771, May 19th, 1908? ‘ The Editor, THE “Unseasonable Reflections ” In I 883, “ Zarathustra,” fol- NEW AGE. We notice the reference you make in your lowed by (( The Other Side of Good and Evil ,’ (1886), ‘‘ The issue of May 16th to the labour question in Portuguese Genealogy of Morals,” and later, “The Case of Wagner ” East Africa. We venture to think that you have scarcely (pamphlet, 1888). A fair list for a man, supposed-by the realised the proportion of the matter, as from one. paragraph ‘ Times “--to have been quite mad. you suggest that our whole business depends on this African But London is usually last in the possession of critical product, which is not the case. The cocoa from Sao Thomé valuations. With pride it heard the complete “Ring” at consumed by all the manufacturers of England is only Covent Garden in 1903,nearly two decades after New York; one-twentieth of the total world’s supply.’ That was hardly and as for Ibsen, while Mr. Walkley, the “ Times ” dramatic a candid statement, was it? (A.) Yes, it was perfectly truth- writer, speaks patronisingly of him as vieux eu, the Nor- ful. (Q.)Truthful, yes; but in showing how much you wegian dramatist has never been completely played in Lon- used of this Sao Thomé cocoa, it did not give them any don outside of the sporadic performances of private dramatic information when you said, ‘The cocoa from Sao Thomé associations. In a word, London discovers great men in a consumed by all the manufacturers of England is only one- leisure manner-all except Mr. ’Shaw. That Irish wit assured twentieth of the total world’s supply.’ (A.) That is the vital his public he was a real dramatist-and London still believes point, because it is the twentieth you have to supply with him ! something else. The proportion of the world’s supply is the *** whose opinion we trust, that we had much more power act- over half of the whole of your product was slave-grown BRITISH INDIANS IN SOUTH AFRICA. cocoa. (A.) No, it was not half at the time. (Q.) The To THE EDITOROF “THENEW AGE.” year before, and for several years, it had been more than half. (A.) Yes, but we were writing in 1908, and the pro- I may say that hitherto my path of life has led me a portion then was about one-fourth. (Q.) We have the great deal into the midst of the Indians in South Africa, and figures already in. ‘Some years ago when we first heard for six years I have served in the office of an Indian gentle- of the matter, we felt bound to give it our very careful COR- man, a barrister-at-law, in Durban, Natal. During that sideration, and made personal investigation in Lisbon, and period I have made myself pretty well acquainted with the accepted a challenge of the planters to send out and see for hardships which the Indians in the Transvaal and Natal ourselves. Some of our friends consider that we should have to undergo if they wish to earn their livelihood in these have acted more properly in refusing to buy any mure ‘‘ British ” Colonies. Acts of Parliament, consisting of African cocoa; this would be a comparatively easy thing nothing but rank class legislation, are to be found in large to do, but we have been advised by the Foreign Office, whom numbers on the statute books of both Colonies. One of the we have consulted all along, and by several other authorities reasons for going to war against the Boers was stated by the whose opinion we trust, that we had much more power act- late Lord Salisbury, to be the ill-treatment of British Indian ing as friends than we should have as enemies of the Por- subjects in the Transvaal. Has the war improved their tuguese.’ What do you mean by saying you had consulted position? The question is a needless one. There is not the the Foreign Office all along? (A.) We consulted Sir Martin slightest doubt that this ill-treatment of Asiatics generally Gosselin in 1903, and Sir Edward Grey in 1906. (Q.) Is has become much more pronounced under British rule. that what you mean,? (A.) Yes. (Q.) Whom did you con- The Boers, it is quite certain, have never passed a law sult between 1903 and 1906? (A.) We were acting under such as the present degrading Registration Act, which the definite advice the whole of the period of Sir Martin requires that every Asiatic shall take out a certificate on Gosselin. (Q.) Is that what you mean? (A.) Yes. (Q.) which he must endorse his ten finger prints before he is Did you ever consult Sir Martin Gosselin after 1903? (A.) allowed either to enter the Transvaal, or, if he is a resident Yes, there are frequent letters. (Q.) Where? (A.) On the there, to carry on any business or profession, or to earn a file. (Q.) What was the last year? (A.) I cannot remem- livelihood. It does not matter of what standing he is, of ber that. (Mr. Justice Pickford) It is difficult to remember what creed, or of what caste: his signature on taking out a all these letters, but I think there are letters to Sir Martin Registration Certificate is not enough, even though he be a Gosselin, and also to the Foreign Office. (Sir Edward Car- man who has received a first-class education. No, he must son); No, my lord. The Foreign Office is 1906. (Mr. Rufus give his finger-prints like a common, criminal. Isaacs); Sir Martin Gosselin died in February, 1905. (Sir For resisting this law and for entering the Transvaal with- Edward Carson) ; When you say ‘ all along,’ what I am try- out taking out a certificate, thousands of all classes of In- ing to point out is that it is not an accurate statement. dians, who have sworn to resist the law, have undergone There was no consultation in 1901, and none in 1902. (A.) severe sentences of imprisonment. You said ‘ since 1903.’ (Q.) No, I did not say that. I asked Mr. Gandhi, the leader of the British Indians in South you, when you used the words ‘all along’ what you meant. Africa and a barrister-at-law, with whom, I am personally (A.) My answer was that in 1903 I saw Sir Martin Gosselin, acquainted, is a gentleman in the truest sense of the word, and in 1906 Sir Edward Grey. (Q.) That is not ‘ all along,’ and one who has given up everything he possessed in his which is what I am putting to you. (A.) Before that we heroic attempts to bring about better treatment of the mem- consulted the Anti-Slavery Society. This is quite true. (Q.) bers o€ his race in the Transvaal. Besides this, Mr. Gandhi Now I will pass on.” Then Sir Edward proceeded to cross- has undergone most severe punishments himself for resist- examine Mr. W. A. Cadbury on other matters. ing this most loathsome law, Many times he has been seen SCRUTATOR Advertisement: Neptune Fountain Pens

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