Živa Antika (Antiquité Vivante)
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UDK 807 + 87 + 930.8 ISSN 0514 – 7727 ŽIVA ANTIKA (ANTIQUITÉ VIVANTE) revue semestrielle d’études anciennes publiée par une rédaction de philologues classiques: 1. Académicien Vitomir Mitevski, professeur à l’Université de Skopje (rédacteur en chef) 2. Académicien Kajetan Gantar, professeur à l’Université de Ljubljana 3. Dr Olja Perić, professeur à l’Université de Zagreb 4. Dr Barbara Scardigli, professeur à l’Université de Siena 5. Dr Krzysztof Tomasz Witczak, professeur à l’Université de Łòdź 6. Dr Frederik M. J. Waanders, professeur à l’Université d’Amsterdam 7. Dr Serge Mouraviev, chercheur independent, 7 rue de la Paix, 74240 Gaillard, France 8. Dr Marijana Ricl, professeur à l’Université de Belgrade 9. Dr Peter Delev, professeur à l’Université de Sofia 10. Dr Ratko Duev, professeur à l’Université de Skopje Éditeur: Société d’études classiques “Živa Antika” Administration: ŽIVA ANTIKA Séminaire de philologie classique Faculté de philosophie, Skopje République de Macédoine e-mail: [email protected] Secrétariat de rédaction: Vojislav Sarakinski [email protected] Secrétariat technique: Marija Manasievska Stefan Panovski Ce numéro de la revue a été imprimé avec l’aide financière de: Ministère de la Culture de la République de Macédoine d.N. Faculté de Philosophie de l’Université de Skopje TABLE DES MATIÈRES – СОДРЖИНА Fred C. Woudhuizen: A Carian inscription from Mylasa .............. 5–10 Ratko Duev: Some Thoughts on the Indo-European Supreme God ... 11–18 Sabira Hajdarević: Sexuality and Sexual Practices in Greek Fictional Epistolography ................................................................... 19–44 Elwira Kaczyńska – Witold Sadziński – Krzysztof Tomasz Witczak: Sirenen des Mittelmeerraums im Lichte der Überlieferung Aelianus’ (De Natura Animalium XIII 20, XVII 6, XVII 28) ...................................................................................... 45–58 Yuri N. Kuzmin: King Demetrius II of Macedon: in the Shadow of Father and Son ....................................................................................... 59–84 Feđa Milivojević: Uscana, Perseus and the Romans: Livy and the Chronology of War Operations in the Third Macedonian War ............................................................................................................. 85–108 Nemanja Vujčić: The Army of Lysimachus after Corupedium ........ 109–122 Vesna Kalpakovska – Olivera Jandreska: A Funerary Marble Stela from Styberra .............................................................................. 123–134 Ratko Duev: Organon. Tracing the Name of an Unknown Musical Instrument in the Bible ....................................................................... 135–142 Comptes rendus bibliographiques / Критика и библиографија ..... 143–152 VITOMIR MITEVSKI, The Shadow of King Marko: Ancient, Byzantine and Macedonian Epic Poetry, Skopje: Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts, 2017. Pp. 358. ISBN 978-608- 203-206-1. (Д. Тошева) ..................................................................... 143–145 D. BRAUND, Greek Religion and Cults in the Black Sea region: goddesses in the Bosporan Kingdom from the Archaic Period to the Byzantine Era, Cambridge University Press, 2018, 314 pp. (Н. Проева) .......................................................................................... 146–152 Indices ............................................................................................................... 153–156 Procedures et lignes directrices – Guide de présentation .................... 157–158 Submission guidelines – Style sheet ........................................................... 159–160 F. Milivojević, Uscana, Perseus and the Romans..., ŽAnt 69 (2019) 85–108 85 FEĐA MILIVOJEVIĆ UDC: 355.4(381)“-171/-168“ Aleksandera von Humboldta 12 HR-10000 Zagreb [email protected] USCANA, PERSEUS AND THE ROMANS: LIVY AND THE CHRONOLOGY OF WAR OPERATIONS IN THE THIRD MACEDONIAN WAR Abstract. – The author is trying to solve the chronological problems of Livy’s information on the war operations in the region around and north of Lake Lychnidus during the Third Macedonian War. The focus is on the period between 170-169 B.C., namely, the problems regarding Livy’s information on Perseus’ counterattack on Roman positions at the turn of 170/169 B.C., Roman control over the city of Uscana and one un- documented Perseus’ attack on Dardanians in 170 B.C. The author con- cludes the events in question have a mutual connection, proposes new chronological course of events and emphasizes the importance of Livy’s 43rd book for the study of the consequences of the war operati- ons north of Lake Lychnidus during the Third Macedonian War. Key words: Uscana, Third Macedonian War, Dardanians, Livy, Perseus, Claudius Centho During the second part of the 20th century modern historiogra- phy has dealt in detail about the Third Macedonian War, its course and rather numerous chronological problems of Livy’s account of the war. Since the works of N. G. L. Hammond and F. W. Walbank1 there has be- en several significant interpretations of Livy’s words and historical re- constructions of certain events.2 While the research is indeed extensive and the war operations in Thessaly have been explained in detail, little or no attention has been given to Livy’s information concerning the war operations between Romans and Macedonians in the region around and north of Lake Lychnidus.3 Several preserved information lead to the assumption that, apart from Thessaly, the region in question was the setting of another front of war operations during the Third Macedonian –––––––– 1 Namely Walbank 1941; Hammond 1968; Walbank 1976; Hammond, Walbank 1988; Hammond 1993 etc. 2 Such as Luce 1977; Warrior 1981; Briscoe 2012 etc. 3 Lake Lychnidus = today Lake Ohrid. There has been only one work that dealt with this topic directly, yet the conclusions which Nikola Vulić brought are indeed out- dated. See Vulić 1934. 86 F. Milivojević, Uscana, Perseus and the Romans..., ŽAnt 69 (2019) 85–108 War. However, sporadically written throughout Livy’s books those pie- ces of information are available only through isolated campaigns of Roman commanders who for different reasons engaged in several mi- litary campaigns. We do not have a comprehensive story about the war operations, the correlation between campaigns is unclear and often without a tangible chronological connection. Because of that the events around Lake Lychnidus in the Third Macedonian War are dis- proportionately represented in modern works, opposed to simultane- ous events in Thessaly and major skirmishes involving consuls, prae- tors and a king. Therefore, in this contribution I will point out several chronolo- gical problems of Livy’s text and propose possible solutions about the war operations around Lychnidus Lake specifically between 170-169 B.C. The focus will be on analysing the problems regarding: 1) Perse- us’ counterattack on Roman positions at the turn of 170/169 B.C.; 2) the specific dating of Perseus’ counterattack; 3) the dating of Roman control over the city of Uscana; 4) the dating and consequences of one undocumented Perseus’ attack in the region that probably happened somewhere during 170 B.C. As a conclusion to this article a detailed overview will be presented which may serve as a base for further dis- cussion. Background In essence the story of the war operations north of Lychnidus is based on the activities of several less known Roman commanders and the king of Macedonia. Precisely: 1) Gnaeus Sicinius; 2) Appius Clau- dius Centho; 3) Perseus; 4) Lucius Coelius; 5) Lucius Anicius Gallus.4 There is no need to explain in detail the course of action of each of these commanders. This article examines only the events at the turn of 170-169 B.C. (commanders 2 and 3) while the region around Lychni- dus witnessed Roman-Macedonian conflicts during the whole Third Macedonian War (171-167 B.C.). But due to the fragmented state of Livy’s books a brief historical background is necessary. Otherwise Li- vy’s sporadic information on the war operations are quite difficult to follow. It may seems they lack a proper chronological order and inter- connection, but the truth is far from it. First and foremost, as already said, war operations in the region north of Lake Lychnidus are part of probably the largest military con- flict during the second century B.C. – the Third Macedonian War (171- 168 B.C.). The war between Perseus and Rome started as a result of Macedonia’s interference in Greek affairs causing Rome’s position in the East to become weaker. The Senate declared war against Macedonia –––––––– 4 Sicinius: Liv. 42.18; Liv. 42.36.; Zon. 9.22 = Dio 20. Claudius: Liv. 43.9-10. Perse- us: Liv. 43.18-20. Coelius: Liv. 43.21. Anicius: Liv. 44.21, 44.30-32, 45.3. F. Milivojević, Uscana, Perseus and the Romans..., ŽAnt 69 (2019) 85–108 87 at the moment when it was clear that Perseus provided an alternative for the policies of Greek communities (other than them siding with Rome). The Senate reacted swiftly, and the war which Perseus probab- ly tried to avoid was inevitable.5 As for the events in the region around Lychnidus, everything started with the activities of praetor Gnaeus Si- cinius in 172 B.C. His assignment represented the outbreak of the war operations not only in the region around Lychnidus, but in the whole Third Macedonian War. Map 1. Operations of Gnaeus Sicinius –––––––– 5 See Hammond 1988, 505 ff. Derow 1989 and cited literature. 88 F. Milivojević, Uscana, Perseus and the Romans..., ŽAnt