ANNALS OF McOiciUnstoiy

EDITOR: FRANCIS R. PACKARD, M.D., Philadelphia, Pa.

ASSOCIATE EDITORS

LE ROY CRUMMER, M.D...... Los Angeles HARVEY CUSHING, M.D...... Boston IRVING S. CUTTER, M.D...... Chicago CHARLES L. DANA, M.D...... New York GEORGE DOCK, M.D...... Pasadena FIELDING H. GARRISON, M.D...... Baltimore HENRY BARTON JACOBS, M.D...... Baltimore HOWARD A. KELLY, M.D...... Baltimore ARNOLD C. KLEBS, M.D...... Nyon SAMUEL W. LAMBERT, M.D...... New York THOMAS McCRAE, M.D...... Philadelphia LEWIS STEPHEN PILCHER, M.D...... Brooklyn SIR D’ARCY POWER, K.B.E., F.R.C.S. (ENG.), F.S.A. London DAVID RIESMAN, M.D...... Philadelphia SIR HUMPHRY ROLLESTON, BART., K.C.B., M.D. Cambridge JOHN RUHRAH, M.D...... Baltimore CHARLES SINGER, M.D...... Oxford EDWARD C. STREETER, M.D...... Boston ALDRED SCOTT WARTHIN, M.D...... Ann Arbor WILLIAM H. WELCH, M.D...... Baltimore CASEY A. WOOD, M.D...... Chicago

NEW SERIES VOLUME III

NEW YORK PAUL B. HOEBER, Inc., PUBLISHERS SEVENTY-SIX FIFTH AVENUE COPYRIGHT, 1931 By PAUL B. HOEBER, Inc. All Rights Reserved ANNALS OF MEDICAL HISTORY CONTENTS: NEW SERIES, VOLUME III PAGE ORIGINAL ARTICLES The Rise of Medicine at Salerno in the Twelfth Century...... George IV. Comer...... i Translation of a Letter from a Phy­ sician of Valencia to His Two Sons Studying at Toulouse 1315 a.d. . .Lynn Thorndike...... 17 An Antique Physiological Problem . .E. D. Baumann...... 21 Christopher Wilhelm Hufeland . . . I. A. Abt...... 17 Intern Service in the Old Days at Cham­ bers Street Hospital...... J. B. Cutter ...... 39 Thomas Dale, m.d. of Charleston, S. C. .Robert E. Seibels...... 50 Antonio Vallisneri...... Joseph Francbini...... 58 The Mutter Museum of the College of Physicians of Philadelphia . . .H. P. Schenck...... 69 The Physician of the Dance of Death: Parts iv and v...... Aldred Scott Wartbin . . . .75, 134 Medical Incunabula in the Library of the University of Michigan Medical School...... no Check List of Medical Incunabula in the John Crerar Library of Chicago...... 114 Touchpieces and the Cure of the King’s Evil...... Sir D'Arcy Power...... 127 Max Johann Sigismund Schultze (1825- 1874)...... Theodore H. Bast...... 166 Louis Lewin, Pharmacologist, Toxicolo­ gist, Medical Historian . . . .David I. Macbt...... 179 Refutation of the Charges of Cowardice Made against Galen...... Joseph Walsh...... 195 Galen...... Charles W. Burr...... 209 Landmarks in the History of Lead Poison­ ing ...... Ralph H. Major...... 218 A Descriptive List of the Incunabula in the Library of the College of Phy­ sicians of Philadelphia...... 228, 325, 439 The Pneumatic Institution of Thomas Beddoes at Clifton, 1798 . . . .Albert H. Miller...... 253 History of Cinchona and Its Thera­ peutics ...... Sir Humphry Rolleston . . .261 The Edwin Smith Surgical Papyrus . .Charles A. Elsberg...... 271 Ch. Alphonse Laveran, 1845-1922 . . .Joseph Francbini...... 280 Pap and Panada...... T. G. H. Drake...... 289 John Francis Delong, A Frontier Phy- , sician...... C. I. Reed...... 296 Physician Physicists...... Edward Podolsky...... 300 Notes on English Medicine (George iv- Henry viii)...... J. R. Clemens...... 308 Hindu Medicine and Its Antiquity . ,P. J. Sarma...... 318 CONTENTS ORIGINAL ARTICLES PAGE

Dr. Samuel Brown...... A. H. Barkley...... 363 Foundations of British Dermatology. .H. Haldin-Davis...... 368 Doctor John Gorrie...... Edward Jelks...... 387 Thomas Holley Chivers, m.d. 1807-1858 .Wm. Willis Anderson...... 391 Nicholas Culpeper, Gent...... Burton Chance...... 394 Two Unpublished Letters of Matthew Baillie, m.d...... George C. Peachey...... 404 Tuberculosis and Genius—Francis Thompson...... Lewis J. Moorman...... 407 An Unpublished Diary of Edward Jenner (1810-1812)...... C. Doris Hellman...... 412 Translation of a Persian Monograph on Syphilis...... C. Elgood...... 465 Erasmus Darwin and His Relation to the Doctrine of Evolution . . .E. B. Krumhhaar...... 487 From Epidauros to Galenos . . . .A. P. Cawadias...... 501 Dr. J. C. Nott and the Transmission of Yellow Fever...... Robert Wilson...... 515 Theodore Kocher...... E. Robert Wiese and Judson B. Gilbert 521 Richard Den’s Tomb...... John W. Shuman...... 530 The Adventurous Goldberger . . . .R. P. Parsons...... 534 The Naming of Alopecia Areata . . .Douglass W. Montgomery .... 540 The Relation of Physicians to Early American Geology...... William Browning...... 547 Phineas Fletcher and Francis Quarles and The Purple Island of Phineas Fletcher...... Samuel W. Lambert...... 568 Carl von Voit, Master and Friend . .Graham Lusk...... 583 An Orthopedic Clinic of 1174 a.d. . . .Edward K. Cravener...... 595 Richard Lower (1631-1691) and His “De Corde,” London, 1669...... K. J. Franklin...... 599 Anton Tchekhov...... B. Barker Beeson...... 603 Henry the Eighth...... James Kemble...... 618 Tuberculosis and Genius—Voltaire . .L. J. Moorman...... 625 The Iliac Passion...... Herbert T. Carson...... 637 Gigantism and Acromegaly (Hyperpitui­ tarism) ...... S. J. Weinberg...... 649 Incunabula in the Library of the Royal College of Surgeons of England...... 672

EDITORIALS

Marcello Malpighi...... 116 The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Institute of the History of Medicine...... 117 Report on the 8th Congress of the Inter­ national Society of the History of Medicine, Rome, 1930...... C. S. Butler...... 241 Alphonse Laveran...... 355 Early Law to Prevent Lead Poisoning .Archibald Malloch...... 455 Personal Recollections of Florence Nightingale...... Elisabeth Robinson Scovil . . . . 675 CONTENTS BOOK REVIEWS PAGE History of Haitian Medicine...... 118 History of the California Academy of Medicine...... 118 Medicine in Virginia in the 17TH Century...... 119 Plarr’s Lives of the Fellows of the Royal College of Surgeons of England 120 Stalkers of Pestilence...... 121 The Candiru...... 122 A Century with the Norfolk NavalH ospital...... 123 Thomas Say...... 124 La Vie d’Ambroise Par£...... 125 Il y a Cent Ans...... 126 Tait McKenzie...... 246 Nosography, the Evolution of Clinical Medicine in Modern Times . . . 247 Physiology...... 248 Antiquity of Hindu Medicine and Civilisation...... 248 Leonardo da Vinci the Anatomist...... 248 Brief History of Medicine in Massachusetts...... 251 John Marsh, Pioneer...... 356 A Chart to Illustrate the History of Biochemistry and Physiology . . 357 History of Medicine in Nebraska...... 357 A Textbook of Surgery...... 358 Hieronymus Fracastorius...... 359 Selected Readings in the History of Physiology...... 359 The Papyrus Ebers...... 360 The Story of a Surgeon...... 361 History of the Orleans Parrish Medical Society...... 361 Paediatrie in Hellas und Rom...... 362 Albrecht von Haller...... 362 Historische Studien und Skizzen zu Natur- und Heil Wissenschaft . . 362 Reminiscences of George Martin Kober...... 459 J. George Adami...... 459 William Stewart Halsted, Surgeon...... 460 Medical History of Michigan...... 462 Untersuchungen zu Galen’s Schrift Thrasybulos...... 462 Juan de Cardenas...... 462 Die Malaria...... 463 Sixty Centuries of Health and Physick...... 464 The Physician of the Dance of Death...... 579 The Edwin Smith Surgical Papyrus...... 579 Science and Thought in the 15TH Century...... 581 Thomas Holley Chivers, Friend of Poe...... 581 The Great Physician, a Short Life of Sir William Osler...... 680 Grace Revere Osler...... 680 The Note-book of Edward Jenner...... 681 The Infant Welfare Movement in the Eighteenth Century...... 682 The History of Paediatrics...... 683 Historic Artificial Limbs...... 683 The Conway Letters...... 684 Biographisches Lexikon der hervorragenden Arzte aller Zeiten und Volker 685 Egypt; Home of the Occult Sciences, with Special Reference to Imhotep. 686 Leander von Suchten...... 686 Asclepios...... 502 Title-page of Dale’s Translation Baillie, Matthew . Cover No. 4 of “Nine Commentaries upon Baker, Sir George . . Facing 127, 223 Fevers” by Dr. John Freind . 54 Beddoes, Thomas . . Facing 253, 254 Title-page of LeDran’s “A Par- Brown, Samuel . . . Facing 363, 365 RALLEL OF THE DIFFERENT METH­ Culpeper, Nicholas .... 400 ODS of Extracting the Stone Darwin, Erasmus . Cover No. 5, 488 Out of the Bladder,” Edited by Davy, Sir Humphry...... 256 Dale...... 54 Den, Richard S...... 531 Death Certificate of Vallisneri Fernel, Jean . . . Cover No. 2, 222 Made Out by the Doctor Who Galen...... 197 Treated Him...... 60 Goldberger, Joseph . . . .535 Death Certificate of Vallisneri Gorrie, John...... 388 in the Palace of the Bishop in Hufeland, Christopher Wilhelm Padova...... 60 Cover No. 1 Church of the Ermits at Padova Kocher, Theodore . . Facing 465, 522 Where Is to Be Seen the Tomb of Laveran, Ch. Alphonse Cover No. 3, 284 Vallisneri...... 61 Lewin, Louis...... 180 Vallisneri’s Tombstone ... 61 Lillius, Gulielmus...... 396 Vallisneri Street in Scandiano . 62 Lower, Richard . . Cover No. 5, 601 Vallisneri’s House in Scandiano 63 Lucius Verus...... 200 Marcus Aurelius...... 199 Vallisneri’s Villa NearScandiano 64 Nikander...... 221 Christening Trousseau of Vallis­ Shultze, Max Johann Sigismund . 167 neri ...... 65 Tchekhov, Anton .... 604, 605 Bronze Medal in Honor of Vallis­ Vallisneri, Antonio . Facing 1, 59 neri Made by Selvi .... 66 Voit, Carl von . . Facing 583, 586, 587 Hyrtl Collection in the Mutter Museum...... 70 Carbolic Atomizers, One Belong­ MISCELLANEOUS ILLUSTRATIONS ing to Lord Lister...... 71 Headband from Erastus: Varia Kane Arctic Chest...... 72 Opuscula Medica, Francofurdi, Siamese Twins...... 73 1590...... 1 Death and the Physician. Jobst Group of Physicians at the Cham­ Denecker, 1544...... 76 bers Street Hospital ... 41 Death and the Physician. David Ambulance of the Chambers Denecker, 1561...... 77 Street Hospital...... 43 Death and the Physician. Fabio Operating Room at Chambers GliSSENTI, 1609 AND VALGRISl’s Street Hospital...... 45 Reproduction of the Holbein . 78 Title-page of “ Pharmacologia ” of Death and the Anatomical Lec­ Samuel Dale, 1693...... 51 ture. F. Glissenti, 1609 ... 79 Residence of Dr. Thomas Dale, Death and the Physician. Repro­ Charleston, S. C...... 51 duction of the Holbein. Johann Silhouette of Thomas Simons Dale 51 Vogel, 1648...... 81 Title-page of “ Emmenologia ” of Death and the Physician. Original Sir John Freind...... 52 Adaptation of Holbein. By Con­ Title-page of English Edition of rad Meyers, 1650...... 82 “Emmenologia” Translated by Death and the Physician. Wence- Thomas Dale...... 52 slaus Hollar with Border by Title-page of Dale’s Translation Diepenbeeke, 1651...... 83 of “A Treatise of Continual Physician and Death. From the Fevers” by Jodocus Lommius . 53 1794 London Edition of Hollar. 84 Physician and Death. From the Basel Totentanz. Copies of English Edition of Hollar, 1804 85 Merian’s Plates...... 105 Physician and Death. Solomon van Tailpiece from Holbein’s Alpha­ Rusting, Amsterdam, 1741 . . 86 bet of the Dance of Death . . 109 Death and the Physician. Michael Headband from Schenckius: Ob- Rentz, 1753...... 88 servationem Medicarum, Fran- Death and the Physician. Chre­ cofurti, 1609...... 116 tien de Mechel, Basel, 1780. . 89 Headband from Hieronymus Mer- Death and the Physician. Repro­ curialis: Praelectiones Pata- duction of Hollar’s Plate, by VINAE. VENETIIS, 1603 . . .127, 465 David Deuchar, 1788 . 90 Edward the Confessor Applying Death and the Physician. Repro­ Faith Healing...... 128 duction of Hollar’s Plate with Henry ii Touchant, 1547 . . . 129 Diepenbeeke’s Borders. 1803 . 91 Queen Mary Touching for the Death and the Physician. J. R. Evil...... 130 Schellenberg, 1785 . . . . 92 Henri of Navarre Murdered by Death and the Physician. John Ravillac, 1610...... 131 Bewick, 1789...... 93 harles ii ouching for the Death and the Physician. Thomas C T Bewick, 1825...... 94 King’s Evil...... 132 Death and the Physician. Daniel The Quack Doctor. From the N. Chodowiecki, 1792. Rococo “English Dance of Death,” Period...... 95 Rowlandson, 1815-1816 . . . 136 Death and the Physician from The Good Man, Death and the “Det Menneskelige Livs Flugt, Doctor. From the “English Etc.,” 1814...... 97 Dance of Death,” Rowlandson, Death and the Physician from 1815-1816...... 137 “Det Menskliga Lifwerts,” 1838 98 The Life Insurance Office. From Death and the Physician. From the “English Dance of Death,” “Emblems of Mortality,” Alex­ Rowlandson, 1815-1816 . . . 138 ander Anderson, Charleston, Undertaker and Quack. From the S. C., 1846...... 99 “English Dance of Death,” Death and the Physician from a Rowlandson, 1815-1816 . . . 139 Lithographic Reproduction of Doctors Three. From the “English Denecker’s Wood Cuts of 1544. Dance of Death,” Rowlandson, By L. Hellmuth, Magdeburg, 1815-1816...... 140 1835...... 100 Death and the Physician. From Death and the Physician. Hul- the “British Dance of Death,” deric Frohlich, Basel, 1608 . . 101 by Van Assen, London, 1825 . . 141 Death and the Physician. From The Empiric. From “Death’s Do­ the 1724 Edition of Conrad de ings,” by R. Dagley, London, Mechel, Basel...... 102 1826...... 142 Death and the Physician from the The Empiric. From the American Copperplate Edition of the Edition of “Death’s Doings,” Basel Totentanz. By Matthew Boston, 1828...... 143 Merian, the Elder, Frankfort, The Physician, Patient, and 1649...... I03 Death. From Lithographic Death and the Physician from the Plates Illustrating Thomas Lithographic Edition in Colors Hood’s “Death’s Ramble.” Ed­ of the Basel Totentanz. By ward Hull, London, 1827. . . 144 Wentzel, Wissenbourg, 19TH Death and the Apothecary. From Century...... 104 Lithographic Plates. By J. Death and the Physician. From Grandville, “Voyage pour the Modernized Edition of the l’Eternite,” 1830...... 145 Death and the Physician. From Headband from Trattato di Chris- Lithographic Plates. By J. toforo Acosta Africano, Vene- Grandville, “Voyage pour tia, 1585...... 241, 455 l’Eternite,” 1830...... 146 Great Hall of the Palace of The Doctor Too Many for Death. Senators in Rome .... 242, 243 Print Designed by Collings, Bronz Tablet Presented to the Early 19TH Century . . . . 147 Abbey Monte Cassino in Appre­ ciation of the onastery s erv Der Tod Als Erwurger. Alfred M ’ S ­ ices to Medicine during the Rethel, 1851...... 149 Dark Ages...... 244 Der Tod Als Freund. Alfred Members of the Eighth Congress Rethel, about 1850 . . . . 150 OFTHE HlSTORYOFMEDICINEATTHE eath and the hysician. rom D P F Monument of Victor Emanuel ii 245 ilder des odes by er “B T ,” C. M ­ Headband from Schurigio: Litho- kel, Leipzig, 1850...... 151 LOGIA HiSTORICO-MeDICA, DRES­ Death and the Physician. From DEN, 1744...... 253 “Die Arheit des Todes,” by The Laboratory. From a Contem­ Ferdinand Barth, Munich, 1866. 153 porary Engraving Reputed to Death and the Army-Surgeon. The Represent the Laboratory of Amputation from “La Pensee Humphry Davy...... 257 de la Mort,” by R. P. Ladislas, Military Hospital of Constan­ Paris, 1885...... 154 tine, Courtyard and Garden . 282 Death and the Old Doctor. From Laboratory of Prof. Laveran in “La Pensee de la Mort,” by R. the Military Hospital of Con­ P. Ladislas, Paris, 1885 . . . 155 stantine Where He Made His Death in the Apothecary’s Shop. Famous Discovery of the Ma­ From “Ein Moderner Toten­ laria Parasite...... 283 tanz,” by Tobias Weiss, Munich, Commemorative Tablet to Prof. 1893...... 156 Laveran Erected in Timgad, Death the Leech. From the “Do­ Near Biskra...... 285 ings of Death,” by William Pap Spoon, ca. 1800...... 290 Strang, London, 1901 . . . . 157 Pap Boats in Pewter, Silver and Sheffield Plate...... 290 Death the Apothecary. From “ Ein Pap Warmer, ca. 1750 .... 292 Neuer Totentanz,” by Hans Pap Boat in Willow Pattern Pot­ Jentzsch, Stuttgart, 1904 . . 158 tery and a Pap Spoon in Brit- La Mort et le M^decin. From tania Metal, ca. 1830 . . . 293 “Nouvelle Danse Macabre,” by Internal Revenue License Certif­ Auguste Hoyau, Chartres, 1904 159 icate Issued to John Delong Death at the Fountain of Hygeia. in 1865...... 297 From “Ein Totentanz,” by Hans Headband from Joannis Baptista: Meyer, Berlin, 1911 . . . . 161 De Humana Physiognomia, Death Awed. From “The Dance of Hanoviae, 1593...... 355 Death, 1914-1918,” by Percy Headband from Dubovrgdiev: Smith, 1919...... 162 Aphorismi Prognostici Hippocra- Death and the Anatomist. From tis, Romae, 1659...... 363 “Ein Totentanz,” by Walter Title-page of “A Physical Direc­ Drasener, Berlin, 1922 . . . 164 tory or a Translation of the Part of the Roman Empire and Its London Dispensatory” by Nich. Surroundings...... 198 Culpeper...... 394 Title-page of Paul of Aegina’s Title-page of “Christian Astrol­ “De Re Medica,” 1542 . . . 219 ogy Modestly Treated of in Title-page of Nikander’s “Theri- Three Books,” by William Lilly 396 ACA & AlEXIPHARMACA,” 1532. . 220 Red Lion House, Spital-Fields . 397 Sketch in the Manuscript of an The Abaton As It Was in Ancient Unpublished Diary of Edward Times...... 507 Jenner...... 415 Top Casket and Enshrouded Re­ Pages of the Manuscript of the mains of Richard Den . . .531 Diary of Edward Jenner 420, 422 Cotton Swathing About Head of Pages of the Same Manuscript Richard Den. Embalming Tech­ Showing a Medical and Non­ nique ...... 532 Medical Entry...... 425 Remains of Richard Den Unsealed 532 Pages Containing Dr. Jenner’s After Shroud of Richard Den Was Poetry...... 434 Removed, Showing Autopsy In­ Pages Containing Dr. Jenner’s cision Through Left Chest and Pencil Writing on a Non-Med- Clasped Hands...... 533 ical Subject...... 435 Sketch of the Monument with Its Elston Hall Where Erasmus Dar­ Inscription on the Grave of win Was Born...... 489 Richard Somerset Den, m.d. . 533 List of Darwin’s Medical Income Physiological Institute in Mun­ from 1756 to 1773...... 489 ich Built in 1855...... 584 Title-page of the First American Chemical Laboratory of the Edition of “The Botanic Gar­ Physiological Institute . . .585 den” ...... 491 Specimen of Voit’s Handwriting . 587 Title-page of an American Edition Voit Lecturing...... 587 of “Zoonomia”...... 492 Seventh Page of Dedication of Title-page of an American Edi­ Lower’s “De Corde,” 1667 in tion of “The Temple of Na­ Royal Society of Medicine ture” ...... 493 Copy...... 600 Breadsall Priory, Where Eras­ Corresponding Page of the Rad­ mus Darwin Died...... 494 cliffe Library Copy .... 600 Title-page of a Philadelphia Edi­ Title-page of the British Museum tion of Anna Seward’s Memoirs 495 Copy of “De Corde” with Signa­ Epidauros...... 504 ture of Walter Charleton . . 601 Ruins of the Abaton, Epidauros . 505 Richard Lower’s Signature. . . 601 ANNALS OF MEDICAL HISTORY

Editor: FRANCIS R. PACKARD, M.D., Philadelphia

CONTENTS OF NEW SERIES, VOLUME ONE, 1929

Thompson, Strenuous Life of a Physician in the 18th Walsh, Date of Galen’s Birth; Pitfield, A Pitiful, Rick- Century; Johnson, William Potter Memorial Lecture. In­ etty, Gasping, Staggering, Stuttering Tomfool; Miller, Dis­ troductory; Cohn, Development of the Harveian Circula­ eases of Ancient Man; Crummer, Copy of Jenner Note Book; tion; Burger, Appreciation of the Medical Profession and Strecker, Reminiscenses from the Early Days of the Penn­ the Divine Origin of Medicine; Chance, Squier Littell, m.d., sylvania Hospital; Wiese, Larrey; Garrison, Brief Note on Krumbhaar, Bibliographical Matters Pertaining to the Medical Philately; Pirkner, Epilepsy in the Light of History; Discovery of the Circulation of the Blood; Wood, Martin Pool bl McGowan, Surgery at the New York Hospital Lister; Woolf, Hunterian Epoch; Harvey, History of One Hundred Years Ago; Rolleston, Samuel Johnson’s Hemostasis; Miller; William Beaumont and His Book; Medical Experiences; MacPhail, Evolution and Life; Burr, Dr. James and His Medical Dictionary; Moore, Gab­ Middleton, Philip Syng Physick; Taylor, S. Weir Mitch­ riel Hcnore de Riquetti; Roddis, Garcia da Orta; Rush, ell; Wagoner, Statuette Depicting a Posterior Superior Arnold Adolf Berthold; Toomey, First General Medical Dislocation of the Hip; Weeks, David Ramsay; Waring, Treatise Published in the Western Hemisphere; Peachey, Incident in Early South Carolina Medicine; Todd, Medi­ John Fewster; Power, Memorial Group of the Harvey Fami­ eval Physician; Friedenwald, Manuscript Copies of the ly; Krumbhaar, Bath Olivers—Doctor and Biscuit; Wood, Medical Works of Isaac Judaeus; Diploma of a Jewish Grad­ Julius Millingen; Robertson, “Castel of Helth” and its uate of Medicine of the University of Padua in 1695; Brun- Author, Sir Thomas Elyot; Adler, Albrecht von Graefe; schwig, Hieronymus Brunschwig, Shryock, Origins and Parsons, Haitian Medicine; Hammett, Anatomical Significance of the Public Health Movement in the United Knowledge of the Ancient Hindus; Gudcer, Illustrations States; Pleadwell, Ninian Pinkney, M.D.; Moodie, Sur­ of Comparative Osteology; Beiter, Charles Edward Isaacs; gery in Pre-Columbian Peru.

CONTENTS OF NEW SERIES, VOLUME TWO, 1930

Rolleston, Sir Thomas Browne, m.d.; Sudhoff, Tuberculosis and Other Adversities; Major, The Papyrus Sketches; Crummer, An Original Drawing of the Title Ebers; Moorman, Tuberculosis and Genius as Manifested Page of Vesalius’ Fabricia; Chance, On Hippocrates and in St. Francis of Assisi; Goldstein, The Influence of the Aphorisms; Major, The History of Taking the Blood Claude Bernard on Physiological Concepts; Ballard, In­ Pressure; Franchini, Lazarro Spallanzani; Hall, General cunabula in the Boston Medical Library; Suden, Incunabula and Medical Science One Hundred Years Ago; Beeson, Owned by the Lane Medical Librrry, Stanford Uniqersity; Orfila—Pioneer Toxicologist; Scarlett, Jean Paul Marat, Middleton, John Syng Dorsey; Freeman, Lewis Morgan; The Physician as Revolutionist; WlESE, Semmelweiss; Von Storch, An Essay on the History of Epilepsy; Pleadwell, Ninian Pinckney, m.d., Part II; Leake, Roman Hoover, Significance of the Scientific Conquest of the Air; Architectural Hygiene; Cooper, The Medical School of Inauguration of the Department of the History of Medicine Montpellier in the 14th Century; Hancock, The Irish of the Johns Hopkins University, and the Opening of the School of Medicine; Jacobsen, John Coakley Lettsom and William H. Welch Medical Library; Adaptation of a Muse­ His Relations with Jonathan Carver, Explorer; Camden, Jr., um to the Teaching of Medical History; Packard, Medical Elizabethan Astrological Medicine; Miller, Children of Incunabula; Packard, An American Physician’s War Book Appolo; Bragman, The Medical Wisdom of Nathanial about the Revolution; Krumbhaar, Proceedings of the Hawthorne; Rolleston, Medical Friendships, Clubs and Sixth Annual Meeting, American Association of the His­ Societies; Wilson, Alphonse Francois Marie Guerin; Hume, tory of Medicine; Leake & Larkey, San Francisco Medical Medicine in China, Old and New; Howell, Doctor George History Seminars; The History of Biology; Stretchers, The Fordyce and His Times; Beeson, Corvisart, His Life and Story of a Hospital Unit on the Western Front; L’Arte Dei Works; Shryock, Public Relations of the Medical Profes­ Medicine Speziali Nella Storia, e Nel Commerico Fiorentino sion in Great Britain and the United States: 1600-1870; dal Secolo XII al XV; The History and Traditions of the Incunabula in New York Academy of Medicine; Medical Moorfields Eye Hospital, One Hundred Years of Ophth­ Incunabula in the Library of Washington University School almic Discovery and Development; Devils, Drugs, and Doc­ of Medicine; Medical Incunabula in the Medical Library of tors, the Story of the Science of Healing from Medicine-Man the University of Rochester; Warthin, The Physician of to Doctor; Kyklos, Jahrbuch des Institute fur Geschichte the Dance of Death, Parts I-III; Hare, Stephen Girard der Medizin an der Universitat Leipzig; Die Arztlichen and the Great Epidemic of Yellow Fever in 1793; Den- Kenntnisse in Ilias und Odyssee; History of Blockley; The NINGER, A History of Substances Known as Aphrodisiacs; Life of Hermann M. Biggs; The Modern Dance of Death; Miller, History of Syphilis; Montgomery, Hieronymus The History of Hemostasis; Human Biology and Racial Fracastorius, The Author of a Poem Called Syphilis; Welfare; Clio Medica, Vols. 1-3, The Beginnings: Egypt Hirsch, An Historical Survey of Gonorrhea; Leopold, and Assyria, Medicine in the British Isles, Anatomy; Letters Aretaeus the Cappadocian; His Contribution to Diabetes of Dr. Richard D. Arnold; A Treatise on the Canon of Mellitus; Jones, The Practice of Medicine Among Our Medicine of Avicenna; The Creed of a Biologist; Biogra. Aborigines; Incunabula of the Cleveland Medical Library phies Lexicon des Hervorragenden Aerzte Aller Zeiten und Association; Lloyd, Benjamin Rush and His Critics; Volker; Benevenutus Grassus of Jerusalem; Great Painters Peachey, William Hunter’s Obstetrical Career; Caulfield, The Infant Welfare Movement in the Eighteenth Century, and Their Works as Seen by a Doctor; Edward Jenner and Parts I-II; Rogers, The History of Craniotomy; Tello the Discovery of Smallpox Vaccination; Early Science in & Williams, An Ancient Syphilitic Skull from Paracas in Oxford; Clio Medicine. Internal Medicine; Medical History Peru; Pitfield, John Keats, The Reactions of a Genius to of Michigan; Kolner Anglistische Arbeiten. ANNALS OF MEDICAL HISTORY PUBLISHED BIMONTHLY

New Series, Vol. Ill, No. i JANUARY, 1931 Whole No. 53

EDITOR FRANCIS R. PACKARD, M.D., Philadelphia, Pa.

ASSOCIATE EDITORS LE ROY CRUMMER, M.D...... Los Angeles HARVEY CUSHING, M.D...... Boston IRVING S. CUTTER, M.D...... Chicago CHARLES L. DANA, M.D...... New York GEORGE DOCK, M.D...... Pasadena FIELDING H. GARRISON, M.D...... Baltimore HENRY BARTON JACOBS, M.D...... Baltimore HOWARD A. KELLY, M.D...... Baltimore ARNOLD C. KLEBS, M.D...... Nyon SAMUEL W. LAMBERT, M.D...... New York THOMAS McCRAE, M.D...... Philadelphia LEWIS STEPHEN PILCHER, M.D...... Brooklyn SIR D’ARCY POWER, K.B.E., F.R.C.S.(ENG.), F.S.A. London DAVID RIESMAN, M.D...... Philadelphia SIR HUMPHRY ROLLESTON, BART., K.C.B., M.D. Cambridge JOHN RUHRAH, M.D...... Baltimore CHARLES SINGER, M.D...... London EDWARD C. STREETER, M.D...... Boston ALDRED SCOTT WARTHIN, M.D. ... Ann Arbor WILLIAM H. WELCH, M.D...... Baltimore CASEY A. WOOD, M.D...... Chicago

NEW YORK PAUL B. HOEBER, INC., PUBLISHERS SEVENTY-SIX FIFTH AVENUE ANNALS OF MEDICAL HISTORY

New Series, Vol. Ill, No. i JANUARY, 1931 Whole No. 53 CONTENTS PAGE Portrait of Christopher Wilhelm Hufeland...... Cover Portrait of Antonio Vallisneri...... Frontispiece The Rise of Medicine at Salerno in the Twelfth Century...... George W. Corner. . 1 Translation of a Letter from a Physician of Valencia to His Two Sons Study­ ing at Toulouse 1315 a.d. . . . Lynn Thorndike. . . 17 An Antique Physiological Problem . . E. D. Baumann ... 21 Christopher Wilhelm Hufeland . . . I. A. Abt...... 27 Intern Service in the Old Days at Chambers Street Hospital . . . J. B. Cutter. ... 39 Thomas Dale, m.d. of Charleston, S. C. Robert E. Seibels . . 50 Antonio Vallisneri...... Joseph Franchini . . 58 The Mutter Museum of the College of Physicians of Philadelphia . . . H. P. Schenck ... 69 The Physician of the Dance of Death: Part iv...... Aldred Scott Warthin 75 Medical Incunabula in the Library of the University of Michigan Medical School...... no Check List of Medical Incunabula in the John Crerar Library of Chicago...... 114 Editorials...... 116 Marcello Malpighi...... 116 The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Institute of the History of Medicine...... 117 Book Reviews...... 118 Parsons: History of Haitian Medicine; Reed: A History of the California Academy of Medicine, 1870-1930; Blanton: Medi­ cine in Virginia in the Seventeenth Century; Power: Plarr’s Lives of the Fellows of the Royal College of Surgeons of England; Oliver: Stalkers of Pestilence; Gudger: The Can- diru; Holcomb: A Century with the Norfolk Naval Hospital, 1830-1930; Weiss and Ziegler: Thomas Say; Michelet: La Vie d’Ambroise Pare; Fosseyeux: Il y a Cent Ans.

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