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The Khuff Formation (Middle East) and Time-Equivalents in Turkey And

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The Khuff Formation (Middle East) and Time-Equivalents in Turkey And The Khuff Formation (Middle East) and time-equivalents in Turkey and South China: biostratigraphy from Capitanian to Changhsingian times (Permian), new foraminiferal taxa, and palaeogeographical implications La Formación Khuff (Oriente Medio) y sus equivalentes cronológicos de Turquía y China del Sur: bioestratigrafía, nuevos taxones de fora- miníferos e implicaciones paleogeográficas del Capitaniense al Changhsingiense (Pérmico Medio-Superior) Jérémie Gaillot1 and Daniel Vachard2 GAILLOT, J. & VACHARD, D. 2007. The Khuff Formation (Middle East) and time-equivalents in Turkey and South China: biostra- tigraphy from Capitanian to Changhsingian times (Permian), new foraminiferal taxa, and palaeogeographical implications. Coloquios de Paleontología, 57: 37-223. Abstrac: A detailed biostratigraphic and microfacies study of the late Middle Permian to Early Triassic Khuff Formation was undertaken in three reference regions in the Zagros area (Iran), United Arabian Emirates (UAE) and Saudi Arabia. Comparisons done with traditional Lopingian reference sections, as such as Hazro (eastern Taurus, Turkey), and Laren and Tsonteng sections (Guangxi, southern China), allow sub-dividision of the Permian part of the Khuff deposits into six main biozones: (1) the late Midian is characterized by Shanita amosi associated with Dunbarula nana; (2) the early Wuchiapingian is characterized by the FAD of Paraglobivalvulina mira and Pseudotristix solida during a first flooding event, strongly restructuring the Middle Permian habitats; (3) the “middle” Wuchiapingian is defined locally with the appearance of the genus Paradagmarita with numerous regional markers and corresponds to maximal connection with an open marine system; (4) the late Wuchiapingian is character- ized by an assemblage dominated by the biseriamminid Charliella altineri sp. nov. and the ozawainellid Neomillerella mirabilis gen. nov. sp. nov.; (5) the early Changhsingian corresponds to a “Biseriamminid bloom” event with Paradagmacrusta callosa gen. nov. sp. nov. as the main marker; and (6) the late Changhsingian is dominated by large miliolids such as Crassiglomella and Glomomidiellopsis uenoi. During the Late Permian, different foraminiferal morphogroups colonized and flourished in the vari- ous habitats of the inner carbonate shelf of the Arabian Platform, depending mainly on salinity, energy, depth, and presence of shallow meadows of gymnocodiaceans. A palaeoecological analysis will be presented in a second part of this work, together with the study of algae. The Late Permian foraminifers of the Khuff platform are typical of very shallow to restricted environments, and cannot cross through deep basins because of its shallow stenobath character. Hence, their geographical distribution can be used to reconstruct the continuity of the inner carbonate ramps. Numerous foraminifer genera were discovered in the different regions. Some biseriamminoid taxa are especially useful to identify the degree of connection and thus the approximative distance between carbonate platforms and/or tectonostratigraphic terranes. Hence, relationships are confirmed between the Taurus and Zagros but, surprinsingly, they are demonstrated between Zagros, southern China and some Japanese terranes. The best palaeo- biogeographical markers are Paradagmarita, Floritheca, Partisania and Paradagmaritopsis. The new taxa described here are: (a) 2 subfamilies, Paradagmarininae and Paraglobivalvulininae; (b) 17 genera, Floritheca, Neomillerella, Labioglobivalvulina, Retroseptellina, Labiodagmarita, Paradagmaritella, Paradagmacrusta, Paremiratella, Septigordius, Brunsispirella, Crassispirella, Crassiglomella, Uralogordius, Neodiscopsis, Glomomidiellopsis, Nestellorella, and Aulacophloia; (c) 30 species: Floritheca variata, Neomillerella mirabilis, Globivalvulina parascaphoidea, G. neglecta, Charliella altineri, Labioglobivalvulina baudi, L. fortis, Paremiratella robusta, Labiodagmarita vasleti, Louisettita extraordinaria, Paradagmarita simplex, P. zaninettiae, P. planispiralis, Paradagmaritella brevispira, Paradagmaritella surmehensis, Paradagmacrusta callosa, Paremiratella robusta, Palaeonubecularia iranica, Hoyenella laxa, Crassispirella hughesi, Glomomidiellopsis uenoi, G. tieni, G. lysitiformis, Neodiscopsis canutii, Rectostipulina syzranaeformis, Langella massei, Partisania sigmoidalis, Cryptomorphina hazroensis, Pachyphloia enormis, and Aulacophloia martiniae; and (d) 9 emended genera: Septoglobivalvulina, Louisettita, 1TOTAL, DGEP/GSR/TG/ISS/BIO, Dpt. of Biostratigraphy, CSTJF L1100, 64018 Pau, France. 2Université de Lille 1, UFR Sciences Terre, Labo. LP3, UMR 8014 du CNRS, Bât. SN5, 59655 Villeneuve d’Ascq, Cédex, France. ISSN: 1132-1660 37 Coloquios de Paleontología 57 (2007): 37-223 Lopingian (Late Permian) foraminifers of the Khuff Formation Gaillot & Vachard nella, Neodiscus, Tauridia, Polarisella, Pachyphloides/Cryptoseptida and Ichthyofrondina. Keywords: Foraminifers, Systematics, Permian, Middle East, Khuff, South-China, Biostratigraphy, Palaeobiogeography. Resumen: El estudio detallado de la bioestratigrafia y de las microfacies de dos secciones de referencia en los montes del Zagros (Irán), asociada con los datos de subsuelo permiten subdividir la parte pérmica de la Formación Khuff en seis unidades princi- pales: (1) el Midiense Superior, caracterizado por Shanita amosi asociado con Dunbarula nana; (2) el Wuchiapingiense inferior se distingue por la FAD (primera aparición) de Paraglobivalvulina mira y Pseudotristix solida durante un primer acontecimien- to de “flooding”, que modifica profundamente los hábitos del Pérmico Medio; (3) el Wuchiapingiense medio es definido aquí con la aparición del género Paradagmarita y de varios marcadores regionales; correspondiendo con la máxima conexión con el mar abierto; (4) el Wuchiapingiense superior es identificado gracias a una associación dominada por el biseriamínido Charliella altineri sp. nov. y el ozawainélido Neomillerella mirabilis gen. nov. sp. nov.; (5) el Changhsingiense Inferior se relaciona con un diversificación de los biseriamínidos con Paradagmacrusta callosa gen. nov. sp. nov. como marcador principal; (6) el Changhsingiense Superior es dominado por grandes miliólidos tales como Crassiglomella y Glomomidiellopsis. Durante el Pérmico Superior, varios morfogrupos de foraminíferos colonizaron y se diversificaron en diferentes habitats del litoral carbon- atado interno de la Plataforma Arábica, dependiendo sobre todo de la salinidad, energía, profundidad y la presencia de praderas de gimnocodiáceas. El análisis paleoecológico será presentado en una segunda parte de este trabajo, con un estudio de las algas. Sin embargo, los foraminíferos estudiados indican ambientes muy someros o confinados. Por eso, su distribución geográfica es característica de una continuidad lateral de las rampas carbonatadas internas. Varios géneros han sido descubiertos en las difer- entes regiones de nuestro estudio. Los géneros de biseriaminoídeos son especialmente útiles para identificar este tipo de inter- conexión de las plataformas calcáreas someras y demostrar de esta manera la proximidad geográfica en una época dada de difer- entes “terranes” tectonoestratigráficos. Se confirman las relaciones entre Tauro y Zagros y se revelan comunicaciones directas entre Zagros, sur de China y algunos “terranes” japoneses, que, junto con datos de las floras terrestres, indican una gran proxim- idad de esas regiones al final del Pérmico. Los principales marcadores palaeobiogeográficos involucrados son Paradagmarita, Floritheca gen. nov., Partisania y Paradagmaritopsis. Son descritos los siguientes taxones : (a) 2 subfamilias, Paradagmarininae and Paraglobivalvulininae; (b) 17 géneros, Floritheca, Neomillerella, Labioglobivalvulina, Retroseptellina, Labiodagmarita, Paradagmaritella, Paradagmacrusta, Paremiratella, Septigordius, Brunsispirella, Crassispirella, Crassiglomella, Uralogordius, Neodiscopsis, Glomomidiellopsis., Nestellorella, and Aulacophloia; (c) 30 especies: Floritheca variata, Neomillerella mirabilis, Globivalvulina parascaphoidea, G. neglecta, Charliella altineri, Labioglobivalvulina baudi, L. fortis, Paremiratella robusta, Labiodagmarita vasleti, Louisettita extraordinaria, Paradagmarita simplex, P. zaninettiae, P. planispiralis, Paradagmaritella brevispira, Paradagmaritella surmehensis, Paradagmacrusta callosa, Paremiratella robusta, Palaeonubecularia iranica, Hoyenella laxa, Crassispirella hughesi, Glomomidiellopsis uenoi, G. tieni, G. lysitiformis, Neodiscopsis canutii, Rectostipulina syzranaeformis, Langella massei, Partisania sigmoidalis, Cryptomorphina hazroensis, Pachyphloia enormis, and Aulacophloia martiniae; y (d) se enmiendan 9 géneros: Septoglobivalvulina, Louisettita, Hoyenella, Neodiscus, Tauridia, Polarisella, Pachyphloides/Cryptoseptida e Ichthyofrondina. Palabras clave: Foraminíferos, Sistemática, Pérmico, Oriente Medio, Khuff, sur de China, Bioestratigrafía, Paleobiogeografía. INTRODUCCIÓN Iran: the Dalan and Kangan Formations (Fig. 4). The aim of this paper is to describe the microfos- Although not included within the type areas sils and the biostratigraphy of the Upper Dalan of the official Permian scale (JIN et al., 1997) Member in the Zagros-Fars area (Iran), in order (Fig. 1), the Permian outcrops of Middle East to reconstruct the Middle/Late Permian history (Turkey, Iran, Oman, Saudi Arabia and and geography of this area, and to compare or Afghanistan), associated with those of Tunisia, apply these data to various regions of UAE, Greece, former
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