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Mineral Quantification with Simultaneous Refinement of Ca-Mg Carbonates Non-Stoichiometry by X-Ray Diffraction, Rietveld Method
Article Mineral Quantification with Simultaneous Refinement of Ca-Mg Carbonates Non-Stoichiometry by X-ray Diffraction, Rietveld Method Hélisson Nascimento dos Santos 1,*, Reiner Neumann 1,2 and Ciro Alexandre Ávila 2 1 CETEM—Centre for Mineral Technology, Division for Technological Characterisation, 22461-908 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; [email protected] 2 Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 20940-040 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +51-21-3865-7263 Received: 3. July 2017; Accepted: 4 September 2017; Published: 8 September 2017 Abstract: Quantitative phase analyses of carbonate rocks containing Mg-rich calcite and non- stoichiometric dolomite by the Rietveld method yielded improved results when the substitutions are refined for either minerals. The refinement is constrained by the c-axis of the lattice for both minerals using the formula c = −1.8603 nMg + 17.061 for calcite, where nMg is the molar fraction of Mg replacing Ca, and c = 16.0032 + 0.8632ΔnCa for dolomite, with ΔnCa being the excess Ca in its B site. The one-step procedure was implemented into the Topas software and tested on twenty-two carbonate rock samples from diverse geological settings, considered analogues to petroleum system lithotypes of the pre-evaporite deposits of Southeastern Brazil. The case study spans over a wide range of calcite and dolomite compositions: up to 0.287 apfu Mg in magnesian calcite, and Ca in excess of up to 0.25 apfu in non-stoichiometric dolomite, which are maximum substitutions the formulas support. The method overcomes the limitations for the quantification of minerals by stoichiometry based on whole-rock chemical analysis for complex mineralogy and can be employed for multiple generations of either carbonate. -
Sediment Activity Answer Key
Sediment Activity Answer Key 1. Were your predictions close to where calcareous and siliceous oozes actually occur? Answers vary. 2. How does your map compare with the sediment distribution map? Answers vary. 3. Which type of ooze dominates the ocean sediments, calcareous or siliceous? Why? Calcareous sediments are formed from the remains of organisms like plankton with calcium-based skeletons1, such as foraminifera, while siliceous ooze is formed from the remains of organisms with silica-based skeletons like diatoms or radiolarians. Calcareous ooze dominates ocean sediments. Organisms with calcium-based shells such as foraminifera are abundant and widely distributed throughout the world’s ocean basins –more so than silica-based organisms. Silica-based phytoplankton such as diatoms are more limited in distribution by their (higher) nutrient requirements and temperature ranges. 4. What parts of the ocean do not have calcareous ooze? What might be some reasons for this? Remember that ooze forms when remains of organisms compose more than 30% of the sediment. The edges of ocean basins bordering land tend to have a greater abundance of lithogenous sediment –sediment that is brought into the ocean by water and wind. The proportion of lithogenous sediment decreases however as you move away from the continental shelf. In nutrient rich areas such as upwelling zones in the polar and equatorial regions, silica-based organisms such as diatoms or radiolarians will dominate, making the sediments more likely to be a siliceous-based ooze. Further, factors such as depth, temperature, and pressure can affect the ability of calcium carbonate to dissolve. Areas of the ocean that lie beneath the carbonate compensation depth (CCD), below which calcium carbonate dissolves, typically beneath 4-5 km, will be dominated by siliceous ooze because calcium-carbonate-based material would dissolve in these regions. -
The Permian Calcareous Algae from Southeastern Anatolia
THE PERMIAN CALCAREOUS ALGAE FROM SOUTHEASTERN ANATOLIA Utarit BİLGÜTAY Mineral Research and Exploration Institute of Turkey INTRODUCTION In the summer of the year 1958, I received some limestone samples which were collected near the village of Hazru (Diyarbakır - SE Anatolia) by R. H. Wagner1. During 1951 and 1954, this region had already been studied by Dr. Necip Tolun. According to the latter the entire stratigraphical column, which ranges here from the Devonian into the Quaternary, would be deposited in an environment of continual subsidence. With regard to the Paleozoic he states that the Carboniferous strata, which cover the Devonian, consist of bitumi- nous plant fossil containing sandstones. The Carboniferous is overlaid by Per- mian limestones from which he mentions: Mizzia yabei Karp. Mizzia sp. Gymnocodium Staffella sp. R. H. Wagner's samples were collected by him from these Permian lime- stones, about 50 m. above the top of the Carboniferous sandstone. Thin sec- tions prepared from these samples showed the presence of two distinct groups of green algae, which are the subject of the present study. SYSTEMATIC DESCRIPTIONS Class CHLOROPHYTA Subclass CHLOROPHYCEAE Order Siphonocladales Family DASTCLADACEAE Among the remains of Dasycladaceae, found in the Hazru region, there is an abundant representation of Mizzia. Furhermore, one fragment of Gyroporella has been found. No other examples of. Dasycladaceae have been encountered in the material from the Hazru region. THE PERMIAN CALCAREOUS ALGAE FROM SOUTHEASTERN ANATOLIA 49 Genus Mizzia SCHUBERT 1907 Pl. I, fig. 1 Diagnosis (after Jonhson, 1951, p. 23).— «Thallus composed of several spher- ical or elongated members growing on a common stem, suggesting a string of beads. -
Oregon Department of Human Services HEALTH EFFECTS INFORMATION
Oregon Department of Human Services Office of Environmental Public Health (503) 731-4030 Emergency 800 NE Oregon Street #604 (971) 673-0405 Portland, OR 97232-2162 (971) 673-0457 FAX (971) 673-0372 TTY-Nonvoice TECHNICAL BULLETIN HEALTH EFFECTS INFORMATION Prepared by: Department of Human Services ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY SECTION Office of Environmental Public Health OCTOBER, 1998 CALCIUM CARBONATE "lime, limewater” For More Information Contact: Environmental Toxicology Section (971) 673-0440 Drinking Water Section (971) 673-0405 Technical Bulletin - Health Effects Information CALCIUM CARBONATE, "lime, limewater@ Page 2 SYNONYMS: Lime, ground limestone, dolomite, sugar lime, oyster shell, coral shell, marble dust, calcite, whiting, marl dust, putty dust CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES: - Molecular Formula: CaCO3 - White solid, crystals or powder, may draw moisture from the air and become damp on exposure - Odorless, chalky, flat, sweetish flavor (Do not confuse with "anhydrous lime" which is a special form of calcium hydroxide, an extremely caustic, dangerous product. Direct contact with it is immediately injurious to skin, eyes, intestinal tract and respiratory system.) WHERE DOES CALCIUM CARBONATE COME FROM? Calcium carbonate can be mined from the earth in solid form or it may be extracted from seawater or other brines by industrial processes. Natural shells, bones and chalk are composed predominantly of calcium carbonate. WHAT ARE THE PRINCIPLE USES OF CALCIUM CARBONATE? Calcium carbonate is an important ingredient of many household products. It is used as a whitening agent in paints, soaps, art products, paper, polishes, putty products and cement. It is used as a filler and whitener in many cosmetic products including mouth washes, creams, pastes, powders and lotions. -
First Report of Swimming Trace Fossils of Fish from the Upper Permian and Lower Triassic of the Dolomites (Italy)
Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae (2018), vol. 88: ...–... doi: https://doi.org/10.14241/asgp.2018.013 FIRST REPORT OF SWIMMING TRACE FOSSILS OF FISH FROM THE UPPER PERMIAN AND LOWER TRIASSIC OF THE DOLOMITES (ITALY) Ausonio RONCHI1, Giuseppe SANTI1, Lorenzo MARCHETTI 2, Massimo BERNARDI 3 & Piero GIANOLLA4 1 Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra e dell’Ambiente, University of Pavia, Italy; e-mails: [email protected]; [email protected] 2 Urweltmuseum GEOSKOP/Burg Lichtenberg (Pfalz), Thallichtenberg, Germany; e-mail: [email protected] 3 MUSE – Museo delle Scienze, Trento, Italy; e-mail: [email protected] 4 Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, University of Ferrara, Italy; e-mail: [email protected] Ronchi, A., Santi, G., Marchetti, L, Bernardi, M. & Gianolla, R., 2018. First report of swimming trace fossils of fish from the Upper Permian and Lower Triassic of the Dolomites (Italy). Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae, 88: xxx-xxx Abstract: In the Upper Permian continental to marginal-marine succession of the Southern Alps (Dolomites, north Italy), the ichnological record consists of diverse vertebrate footprints and non-diverse invertebrate trace fossils, mainly occurring in the “Bletterbach ichnoassociation” of the Val Gardena Sandstone Formation. After the Perm- ian-Triassic Boundary event, vertebrate ichnoassociations are scarce until the Middle Triassic (Anisian), whereas the uppermost Permian–Lower Triassic Werfen Formation preserves a rich invertebrate trace-fossil record. To date, fish body and trace fossils (Undichna) are very rare in the pre- and post-extinction deposits of the Dolomites; only Undichna gosiutensis Gibert, 2001 was identified in the “Voltago Conglomerate” (Middle Anisian), whereas some unidentified fossil fish casts were found in the Permian Val Gardena Sandstone and some fish remains in the overlying Werfen Formation. -
Sedimentary Factories and Ecosystem Change Across the Permian-Triassic Critical Interval (P-Trci) – Insights from the Xiakou Area (South China)
bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.08.10.244210; this version posted August 10, 2020. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license. This manuscript has been submitted for publication in Paläontologische Zeitschrift and is currently under review. Subsequent versions of this manuscript may have slightly different content. If accepted, the final version of this manuscript will be available via the ‘Peer‐reviewed Publication DOI’ ’ link on the right hand side of this webpage. Please feel free to contact any of the authors. Your feedback is very welcome bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.08.10.244210; this version posted August 10, 2020. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license. Sedimentary factories and ecosystem change across the Permian-Triassic Critical Interval (P-TrCI) – insights from the Xiakou area (South China) Yu Pei1*, Jan-Peter Duda1,2, Joachim Reitner1,2 1Department of Geobiology, Geoscience Center, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany 2‘Origin of Life’ Group, Göttingen Academy of Sciences and Humanities, Göttingen, Germany Abstract The Permian-Triassic mass extinction included a potentially catastrophic decline of biodiversity, but ecosystem change across this event remains poorly characterized. -
Calcareous Soils Are Alkaline
By Mongi Zekri, Tom Obreza and Kelly Morgan alcareous soils are alkaline (pH > 7) due to the pres- ence of excess calcium carbonate (CaCO3). These soils Ccan contain from 1 percent to more than 25 percent CaCO3 by weight, with pH in the range of 7.6 to 8.4. In Florida, soil pH is usually not higher than 8.4 regardless of CaCO3 concentration. Many Florida flatwoods soils contain one or more hori- zons (layers) that are calcareous. A typical characteristic is an alkaline, loamy horizon less than 40 inches deep that can be brought to the surface during land preparation for citrus Calcareous soil in Southwest Florida planting. Increased nutritional management intensity is re- quired to successfully grow citrus on calcareous soils. Some lution of fixed P. Applied P is available to replenish the soil grove soils (e.g. ditch banks) contain considerable amounts solution for only a relatively short time before it converts to of lime rock or shell. It may not be economically justifiable less soluble forms of P. To maintain P availability to citrus to plant these sites with certain rootstocks considering the on calcareous soils, water-soluble P fertilizer should be ap- management problems and costs involved. plied on a regular, but not necessarily frequent, basis. Since Citrus fertilizer management on calcareous soils differs P accumulates in the soil, it is at least partially available as from that on non-calcareous soils because the presence of it converts to less soluble compounds with time. CaCO3 directly or indirectly affects plant availability of N, Potassium (K) P, K, Calcium (Ca), Mg, Mn, Zn, Fe and Cu. -
Valori Agricoli Medi Della Provincia Annualità 2014
Ufficio del territorio di TRENTO Data: 20/05/2015 Ora: 10.12.58 Valori Agricoli Medi della provincia Annualità 2014 Dati Pronunciamento Commissione Provinciale Pubblicazione sul BUR n. del n. del REGIONE AGRARIA N°: 1 REGIONE AGRARIA N°: 2 C1 - VALLE DI FIEMME - ZONA A C1 - VALLE DI FIEMME - ZONA BC11 - VALLE DI FASSA Comuni di: CAPRIANA, CASTELLO MOLINA DI FIEMME (P), Comuni di: CAMPITELLO DI FASSA, CANAZEI, CARANO, CASTELLO VALFLORIANA MOLINA DI FIEMME (P), CAVALESE, DAIANO, MAZZIN, MOENA, PANCHIA`, POZZA DI FASSA, PREDAZZO, SORAGA, TESERO, VARENA, VIGO DI FASSA, ZIANO DI FIEMME COLTURA Valore Sup. > Coltura più Informazioni aggiuntive Valore Sup. > Coltura più Informazioni aggiuntive Agricolo 5% redditizia Agricolo 5% redditizia (Euro/Ha) (Euro/Ha) BOSCO - CLASSE A: BOSCO CEDUO 16000,00 21-BOSCO CEDUO CLASSE A - 16000,00 21-BOSCO CEDUO CLASSE A - BOSCO A CEDUO FERTILE) BOSCO A CEDUO FERTILE) BOSCO - CLASSE A: BOSCO DI FUSTAIA 25000,00 18-BOSCO FUSTAIA CLASSE A 25000,00 18-BOSCO FUSTAIA CLASSE A - BOSCO A FUSTAIA CON - BOSCO A FUSTAIA CON TARIFFA V IV E III) TARIFFA V IV E III) BOSCO - CLASSE B: BOSCO CEDUO 12000,00 22-BOSCO CEDUO CLASSE B - 12000,00 22-BOSCO CEDUO CLASSE B - BOSCO A CEDUO BOSCO A CEDUO MEDIAMENTE FERTILE) MEDIAMENTE FERTILE) BOSCO - CLASSE B: BOSCO DI FUSTAIA 18000,00 19-BOSCO FUSTAIA CLASSE B 18000,00 19-BOSCO FUSTAIA CLASSE B - BOSCO A FUSTAIA CON - BOSCO A FUSTAIA CON TARIFFA VII E VI) TARIFFA VII E VI) BOSCO - CLASSE C: BOSCO CEDUO 9000,00 23-BOSCO CEDUO CLASSE C - 9000,00 23-BOSCO CEDUO CLASSE C - BOSCO A CEDUO POCO BOSCO A CEDUO POCO FERTILE) FERTILE) BOSCO - CLASSE C: BOSCO DI FUSTAIA 12000,00 20-BOSCO FUSTAIA CLASSE C 12000,00 20-BOSCO FUSTAIA CLASSE C - BOSCO A FUSTAIA CON - BOSCO A FUSTAIA CON TARIFFA VIII E IX) TARIFFA VIII E IX) Pagina: 1 di 81 Ufficio del territorio di TRENTO Data: 20/05/2015 Ora: 10.12.58 Valori Agricoli Medi della provincia Annualità 2014 Dati Pronunciamento Commissione Provinciale Pubblicazione sul BUR n. -
GUIDEBOOK the Mid-Triassic Muschelkalk in Southern Poland: Shallow-Marine Carbonate Sedimentation in a Tectonically Active Basin
31st IAS Meeting of Sedimentology Kraków 2015 GUIDEBOOK The Mid-Triassic Muschelkalk in southern Poland: shallow-marine carbonate sedimentation in a tectonically active basin Guide to field trip B5 • 26–27 June 2015 Joachim Szulc, Michał Matysik, Hans Hagdorn 31st IAS Meeting of Sedimentology INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION Kraków, Poland • June 2015 OF SEDIMENTOLOGISTS 225 Guide to field trip B5 (26–27 June 2015) The Mid-Triassic Muschelkalk in southern Poland: shallow-marine carbonate sedimentation in a tectonically active basin Joachim Szulc1, Michał Matysik2, Hans Hagdorn3 1Institute of Geological Sciences, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland ([email protected]) 2Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Denmark ([email protected]) 3Muschelkalk Musem, Ingelfingen, Germany (encrinus@hagdorn-ingelfingen) Route (Fig. 1): From Kraków we take motorway (Żyglin quarry, stop B5.3). From Żyglin we drive by A4 west to Chrzanów; we leave it for road 781 to Płaza road 908 to Tarnowskie Góry then to NW by road 11 to (Kans-Pol quarry, stop B5.1). From Płaza we return to Tworog. From Tworog west by road 907 to Toszek and A4, continue west to Mysłowice and leave for road A1 then west by road 94 to Strzelce Opolskie. From Strzelce to Siewierz (GZD quarry, stop B5.2). From Siewierz Opolskie we take road 409 to Kalinów and then turn we drive A1 south to Podskale cross where we leave south onto a local road to Góra Sw. Anny (accomoda- for S1 westbound to Pyrzowice and then by road 78 to tion). From Góra św. Anny we drive north by a local road Niezdara. -
Colaniella, Foraminifère Index Du Permien Tardif Téthysien : Propositions Pour Une Taxonomie Simplifiée, Répartition Géographique Et Environnements
Colaniella, foraminifère index du Permien tardif téthysien : propositions pour une taxonomie simplifiée, répartition géographique et environnements Autor(en): Jenny-Deshusses, Catherine / Baud, Aymon Objekttyp: Article Zeitschrift: Eclogae Geologicae Helvetiae Band (Jahr): 82 (1989) Heft 3 PDF erstellt am: 08.10.2021 Persistenter Link: http://doi.org/10.5169/seals-166407 Nutzungsbedingungen Die ETH-Bibliothek ist Anbieterin der digitalisierten Zeitschriften. Sie besitzt keine Urheberrechte an den Inhalten der Zeitschriften. Die Rechte liegen in der Regel bei den Herausgebern. Die auf der Plattform e-periodica veröffentlichten Dokumente stehen für nicht-kommerzielle Zwecke in Lehre und Forschung sowie für die private Nutzung frei zur Verfügung. Einzelne Dateien oder Ausdrucke aus diesem Angebot können zusammen mit diesen Nutzungsbedingungen und den korrekten Herkunftsbezeichnungen weitergegeben werden. Das Veröffentlichen von Bildern in Print- und Online-Publikationen ist nur mit vorheriger Genehmigung der Rechteinhaber erlaubt. Die systematische Speicherung von Teilen des elektronischen Angebots auf anderen Servern bedarf ebenfalls des schriftlichen Einverständnisses der Rechteinhaber. Haftungsausschluss Alle Angaben erfolgen ohne Gewähr für Vollständigkeit oder Richtigkeit. Es wird keine Haftung übernommen für Schäden durch die Verwendung von Informationen aus diesem Online-Angebot oder durch das Fehlen von Informationen. Dies gilt auch für Inhalte Dritter, die über dieses Angebot zugänglich sind. Ein Dienst der ETH-Bibliothek ETH Zürich, Rämistrasse 101, 8092 Zürich, Schweiz, www.library.ethz.ch http://www.e-periodica.ch Eclogae geol. Helv. 82/3: 869-901 (1989) 0012-9402/89/030869-33 S 1.50 + 0.20/0 Birkhäuser Verlag. Basel Colaniella, foraminifère index du Permien tardif téthysien: propositions pour une taxonomie simplifiée, répartition géographique et environnements Par Catherine Jenny-Deshusses et j^mon Baud1) RÉSUMÉ Une classification simplifiée du genre Colaniella Likharev est proposée: Colaniella ex gr. -
Pubblicazioni Trentine 2008
PUBBLICAZIONI TRENTINE 2008 CATALOGO ALFABETICO a cura della BIBLIOTECA COMUNALE DI TRENTO COMUNE DI TRENTO PROVINCIA AUTONOMA DI TRENTO 2009 Coordinamento e cura generale : Roberto Bertuzzi, Roberta Iseppi, Roberta Pedrotti. Periodici : Marina Chemelli Con il supporto di : Provincia autonoma di Trento, Servizio attività culturali, Ufficio per il Sistema bibliotecario trentino Informatica trentina, s.p.a. 2 NOTE TECNICHE La bibliografia registra in ordine alfabetico per intestazione principale (autore o titolo nel caso di opere con più di tre autori) le pubblicazioni di interesse locale edite nel 2008 dalle case editrici trentine e non. L'ordinamento non considera i simboli non alfabetici e gli articoli non declinati; considera invece gli articoli declinati e le preposizioni semplici ed articolate; i numeri cardinali e ordinali precedono, in questo ordine, le lettere dell’alfabeto. Sono incluse le seguenti tipologie di pubblicazioni: 1. monografie a stampa di argomento trentino (sono comprese le biografie, le memorie di persone in rapporto con il ter- ritorio trentino; le opere di carattere artistico e/o letterario ambientate nel contesto territoriale trentino (immagini, ro- manzi storici, racconti); le opere nel dialetto trentino e delle valli ; le opere in lingua ladina della Val di Fassa); 2. monografie a stampa pubblicate da editori trentini di argomento trentino e non (tra queste sono incluse anche le edizi- oni promosse da enti trentini ma curate e commercializzate da case editrici non trentine); 3. periodici a stampa di argomento o diffusione prevalentemente trentini (limitatamente alle nuove testate); 4. pubblicazioni di musica a stampa di autore, editore, occasione di esecuzione, trentini; 5. carte geografiche relative al territorio trentino La descrizione bibliografica delle pubblicazioni è stata elaborata secondo gli specifici standard descrittivi internazion- ali 1. -
Part 629 – Glossary of Landform and Geologic Terms
Title 430 – National Soil Survey Handbook Part 629 – Glossary of Landform and Geologic Terms Subpart A – General Information 629.0 Definition and Purpose This glossary provides the NCSS soil survey program, soil scientists, and natural resource specialists with landform, geologic, and related terms and their definitions to— (1) Improve soil landscape description with a standard, single source landform and geologic glossary. (2) Enhance geomorphic content and clarity of soil map unit descriptions by use of accurate, defined terms. (3) Establish consistent geomorphic term usage in soil science and the National Cooperative Soil Survey (NCSS). (4) Provide standard geomorphic definitions for databases and soil survey technical publications. (5) Train soil scientists and related professionals in soils as landscape and geomorphic entities. 629.1 Responsibilities This glossary serves as the official NCSS reference for landform, geologic, and related terms. The staff of the National Soil Survey Center, located in Lincoln, NE, is responsible for maintaining and updating this glossary. Soil Science Division staff and NCSS participants are encouraged to propose additions and changes to the glossary for use in pedon descriptions, soil map unit descriptions, and soil survey publications. The Glossary of Geology (GG, 2005) serves as a major source for many glossary terms. The American Geologic Institute (AGI) granted the USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service (formerly the Soil Conservation Service) permission (in letters dated September 11, 1985, and September 22, 1993) to use existing definitions. Sources of, and modifications to, original definitions are explained immediately below. 629.2 Definitions A. Reference Codes Sources from which definitions were taken, whole or in part, are identified by a code (e.g., GG) following each definition.