Great Gardens Await You on the AHS 1989 TOUl{S

Visit lotusland during the March Pacific Coast Gardens tour. ravel With others who share your interest in gardening. AHS trips take you to the world's great gardens-small and large, public and private-and offer experiences to expand T your enloyment of America's top leisure~time actiVity. Write or call for infor.mation today! January 21~28, 1989 May 9~25, 1989 a varied itineraty that includes alpine picnics, river Gardens of the Leeward The Gardens of Coastal floats, lake excursions, evening cookouts, and pri­ vate receptions. Islands of the Caribbean Iberia, France, and Britain Leonard Haertter Travel Company, 7922 Bonhomme Ave- This exciting garden cruise adventure takes us to Ports of Gall on this cruise from Lisbon, Portugal. to nue, St. louis, MO 63105 1800194-2-6666 the tranquil islands of the Caribbean Leeward Chain. Folkstone, England, will incl4de Guernsey, the Visit tropical rain forests, botanic gardens, alld pri­ Channel Islands, and New Haven. Experience a most August 1~21, 1989 vate estates never open tQ the public, as we stop unique program of sightseeing ashore that will in­ U.S.S.R. and the Caucasus at sud! secluded islands as Montserrat, 5t. Kitts, clude exceptional public and private gardens. Highlights of this special tour to the Soviet Union 5t. Martin, and Antigua. Leonard Haertter Travel Company, 7922 Bonhomme Ave­ will include the botanical gardens of Moscow, Kiev, Leonard Haertter Travel Company, 7922 Bonhomme Ave- nue, St. louis, MO 63105 (800) 942-6666 nue, St.louis, MO 63105 1800) 942-6666 and Leningrad, and alpine plants of the Teberda Nature Preserves on the northern slopes of the Cau­ June 2~5, 1989 casus. The tour will be led by Erastus Coming III, March 22~29, 1989 , Seaside Gardens of Rhode Island Pacific Coast Gardens a specialist in travel to the U.S.s.R., and accom­ Tour members will visit historic homes and gardens panied by a botanical expert familiar with its Hora. Travel along the scenic Pacific coastline from San in Providence and the secret gardens of Newport, Coming Tours, Box 431, Albany, NY 12201 (5181463-2160 Diego to San Francisco and visit over twenty gar­ as well as Blithewold Arboretum and other out­ dens and nurseries including such famous sites as standing gardens of Rhode Island. October7~14, 1989 the Roman Gardens at the J. Paul Getty Museum; Triple A 'Fravel, Polo Center, 700 Aquidneck Avenue, Mid­ Lotusland, a forty-acre estate known fm its cycad dletown, RI 02840 1401) 847-6393 Cruising the Hudson River collection; and the Hearst Castle garden, five acres This cruise will feature important homes and gar­ of formal gardens, fountains, statues, and rose gar­ July 30~August 7, 1989 dens along the Hudson River all the way to Albany. dens. Also included are outstanding private gar­ Included will be private entertainment and visits dens that feature palms, bromeliads, azaleas, ca­ Gardens of the Canadian Rockies to Wave Hill, the New York Botanical Garden, and mellias, daylilies, and native plants. Experience the natural wQnders of the Canadian Sleepy Hollow Restorations. Sterling Tours, 2707 Congress Street, Suite I-H, San Diego, Rockies traveling through Galgaty, Banff, Jasper, and Bellinger Davis Company, Inc., 150 East 58th Street, New CA 92110 1800) 727-4359 Edmonton. Visit private homes and gardens; enjoy York, NY 10155 1212) 759-1590 VOLUME 67 NUMBER 12

President's Page: Welcome Our New Executive Director 2 by Carolyn Marsh Lindsay The Design Page: Softening the Bauhaus Style 4 by Kathryn Mathewson Gardens to Visit: Arizona's Showcase for Desert Plants 10 by Debora Toth For Year-round Color, Choose Pieris 14 by George Phair Gardens of Kyoto 18 by Marcia Bonta Pamela Harper's Dream Garden 22 by Pamela Harper Salvias 28 by Elisabeth Sheldon Sources 33 Book Reviews 34 Pronunciation Guide 36 Seasonable Reminders: The Christmas Cactus 38 by Judith Hillstrom Classifieds 41 1988 Index 44

Left: The new growth of 'Forest Flame', a pieris cultivar, provides a spectacular display of red in the landscape. Update your infor­ mation about pieris in the article that begins on page 14. Photograph by Pamela Harper.

On the Cover: The Echinocereus pentalophus, a low-growing cactus with sprawling stems that have five warty ribs and short, soft spines, is admired for its striking flowers of red-purple that appear in April. See it at the Desert Botanical Garden in Phoenix, in their collection of 2,500 plants from the world's deserts and arid lands. To read more about this garden, turn to page 10. Photograph by Joanne Pavia.

PUBLICATIONS DIRECTOR, EDITOR: Virginia W. Louisell. SENIOR ASSISTANT EDITOR: Kathleen Fisher. ASSISTANT EDITOR, HORTICULTURE: Peggy Lytton. ASSISTANT TO THE EDITOR: Martha Palermo. DESIGN DIRECTOR: Rebecca K. McClimans. MEMBERSHIP DIRECTOR: Sharon Barnes. ADVERTISING: American Horticultural Sociery Adverrising Department, 80 South Early Street, Alexandria, VA 22304, telephone (703) 823-6966. COLOR SEPARATIONS: Chroma-Graphics, Inc. EDITORIAL ADVISORY BOARD: Dr. Gerald S. Barad, Flemington, NJj Dr. Harrison Flint, West Lafayette, IN; Peter Loewec, Cochecton Center, NY; Dr. Elizabeth McClintock, San Francisco, CAj Frederick McGourty, Norfolk, CT; Janet M. Poor, Winnetka, IL; Maire Simington, Phoenix, AZ; Jane Steffey, Sykesville, MD j Dr. James E. Swasey, Newark, DEi Philip E. Chandler, Santa Monica, CA.

Replacement issues of AMERlCAN HORTICULTURlST are available at a cost of $2.50 per copy. The opinions expressed in the articles that appear in AMERlCAN HORTICULTURlST are those of the authors and are not necessarily those of the Society. Botanical nomenclature in AMERICAN HORTICULTIJRIST is based on HORTUS THIRD. Manuscripts, art work. and photographs sent for possible publication will be returned if they are accompanied by a self-addressed, stamped envelope. We cannot guarantee the safe return of unsolicited material.

AMERlCAN HORTICULTURlST, [SSN 0096-4417, is rhe official publication of the American Horticultural Sociery, 7931 East Boulevard Drive, Alexandria, Virginia 22308, (703) 768-5700, and is issued six times a year as a magazine and six times a year as a news edition .. The American Horticultural Society is a nonprofit or.ganization dedicated to excellence in horticulture. Membership in the Sociery includes a subscription to AMERlCAN HORTICULTURIST. National membership dues are $30; twO years are $55. Foreign dues are $40. $12 of dues are designated for AMERlCAN HORTICULTURIST. Copyrighr © 1988 by rhe Am«ican Horticultural Sociery. Second-class postage paid at Alexandria, Virginia, and at additional mailing offices. Postmaster: Please send Form 3579 to AMERlCAN HORTICULTURIST, P.O. Box 0105, Mount Vernon, VA 22121.

American Horticulturist PRESIDENT'S PAGE AMERICAN HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY Welcame OurNew omcus 1988-1989 lin. Cuo~ Manit LiIl~ Rochester, New York President lin. Qarry J. VU de lamp Paso Robles, California Executive Director First Via? PresidimI Mil. Jolla M. ~ Washingt9fl, D.C. Second Vice President Mr. RiClWd C. Alipoo Hatrisburg, Pefl!lS)'lvania he most glorious Seasons SecretaIiY Mr. RidwdJ. BiiitOn Greetings for 1988! The gift West GrQve, Feni\$Ylvania to all of us is Frank L. Robin­ Treasurer T Mr. Everitt 1. MiJIer. son who has agreed to lead the Kennett Square, PennsyIv,lilia American Horticultural Society as Iinmedime Pi:iSt 1II:esitieTu our new Executive Director. BOARD oj PWCTORS Frank is not new to the American Mr. liduird'C, AiliiQo Horticultural Society. He has been a }!IarriSDUrg, P.~lvania Ge.tald S. ~ M.D. member since 1977, enjoying many 'F l ~on, !'lew Jersey Annual Meetings and exerting a JIIi'I.~P. Beile, Jr. CleveIanq, Ohio positive influence by expressing :¥to J. Jlldion BtooliS timely concerns and ideas to the sewicKley,l'ell!lSYlvania Board and staff. Dr. BC!!1.Y'~ Cither Washlrlgton, p.C. His background includes degrees Mr. JbiI~ B. • 0UIi: from Earlham College, Richmond, IloS@n, ~ch~ Indiana, in psychology and Japanese studies, and in horticulture from Haywood Technical Institute, Clyde, North Carolina, where he first served as groundsman and landscape designer. His next five years were as groul'lds foreman at Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, New York, where he modernized the maintenance programs for their 1,300-acre campus. He initiated display gardens of bulbs, annuals, and perennials, in addition to his responsibili­ ties for the athletic fields, woodlands, and the Japanese gar­ den. He also developed extensive wildflower collections, in­ terpretive signage, and brochures for their nature trail system. Frank's most recent management experience has been at Al­ Kennen Square, P~lvania bemarle Farms, Charlottesville, Virginia, the estate of Mr. and Of. J6 W. ~rt santa Aha, €alifornia Mrs. John W. Kluge. Some of his responsibilities on Albe­ Mr. frank L Robinson marle Farms' 1,500 acres included formal gardens, green­ Sp[ing/ield, Virgj!1ia Bri. Pllilip Temple houses, a conservatory, vegetable gardens, an orchard and little Comptop, Mode ISland vineyard, a golf course, and wildflower meadow plantings. Mr. Roy; G. Thomas WOOdstoCk, Ve!'!!l0nt The Board of Directors and staff at River Farm welcome Bri. 1Iarrf J. Vu de Kimli Frank Robinson and look forward to his innovative leadership Paso Robles, California and enthusiasm. Mr. Andre Viette Fishersville, Virgjpia May 1989 be an exuberant year for gardeners! And may we Mr. Jolla B. Whitworth, Jr. all work more diligently together as stewards of our precious New York, New York lin. Jeu Verity WOodIliill land. Dayton, Ohio

2 December 1988 Is your garden missing jewel-like flowers floating on a one of the most satisfying forms of gardening. If you shimmering water surface and the darting brilliance of haven't one, you are missing a great deal of satisfaction goldfish? Are you missing the melodic sounds of water from your garden. spilling from a fountain, vessel or waterfall? Let LUypons and TETRA POND help you to get started What you need in your garden is a water lily pool. A water today by ordering one of our durable TETRA POND 32 mil, illy pool is a garden whose plants like damp to very wet flexible 2 ply PVC pool liners. So easy to install and main­ feet. Fish and frogs like to live there and butterflies wi11 tain you will ask yourself why you waited so long to begin like your garden better than ever. A water garden is simply this adventure. Choose from the seven sizes listed (sizes are approximate, for depth IVa' to 2' in your own design.): o Ll1ypons water gard~ catalogue subscription...... 8 5 '0 8' x 12' liner makes 4' x 8 ' pool ...... , ...... , ...... $ . 99 [J 10' x 16' liner makes 6' x 12' pool...... 8145 0 13' x 13' liner makes 9 ' x 9 ' pool...... $165 o 13' x 20' liner makes 9' x 16' pool...... $199 0 16' x 23' liner makes 13' x 19' pooL .... : ...... $299 o 20' x 26' liner makes 16' x 22' pooL ...... $399 0 23' x 30' liner makes 19' x 26' pooL ...... $499 Use your personal check or circle credit card: AE CB CH DC MC VS. Card Number: Exp. pate ______-~ ~---~~ Name Address ------,~-~-----~~~--.,.o-__--- City State Zip Phone ( ) ~~~ ___ Catalogue free with liner order. California (6%), Maryland (5%) and Texas (7%) residents please add sales tax. Lilypons Water Gardens 1526 Ambort Road Stiite 1526 1526 LUypons Road. ' P.O. Box 10 P.O. Box 1130 P.O. Box 188 LUypons, Maryland 21717-0010 Thennal, California 92274-1130 Brookshire, Texas 77423·0188 (301) 814-5133 WasJIington Local 428-0686 (713) 934-8525 Houston Local 391-0076 . 4 December 1988 THE DESIGN PAGE

om Wolfe, social commentator and produced a similar influence in the land­ best-selling author who wrote From scape and garden industry. A subordinate T Bauhaus to OUT House, claims that group has subtly controlled the schools since World War Il Americans have al­ and thus the industry, which includes the lowed their artistic tastes to be controlled major landscape architecture and con­ by a few designers. He calls this group, struction firms and the major suppliers. which includes about 3,000 members cen­ Home owners, designers, gardeners, con­ tered in New York City, "the design com­ tractors, nurserymen, salesmen-everyone pound." It is a close-knit group, he says, interested and involved in gardening and that rarely communicates outside its own landscaping is affected. We need to un­ boundaries and that gives awards and rec­ cover the intricate web that has been woven ognition only to the chosen few who are by the International Style. It has made it insiders. difficult to build beautiful gardens, espe­ Americans embraced the Bauhaus, or cially in public spaces. I hope the ideas that International Style, after World War Il as follow will help those of us deeply com­ a major style for our architecture, inte­ mitted to the garden and its importance in riors, furniture, and gardens. The style be­ our society to redirect the individuals and gan in Germany as a socialistic movement institutions that have a large influence on whose purpose was to create for the middle our gardens and landscapes. class to the exclusion of the aristocracy. The problems that remain after this long Such aristocratic ornamentation as roofs, front doors, crafted details, and plants were removed from architectural design and replaced with mass-produced, industrial­ ized materials. Individual differences and comfort were not important to this style. Americans embraced it so thoroughly, however, that it became the style for Amer­ ican corporate buildings as well as private residences at all levels of income. It has dominated design for over thirty years, and we are only beginning to come out of it. The relationship between this design group and gardens is subtle but important to understand if we are to progress to­ wards gardens that meet our culture's so­ cial and emotional needs as well as re­ gional, climatic, and environmental differences. The compound's influence is especially evident in the starkness of our urban spaces and public sculpture. No American city is immune. Concrete walks and The thinking that has allowed our so­ patios placed next to ciety's quiet acceptance of this style has buildings left no room

RIGHT: Stark lines, before the transforma­ for foundation plants to tion. LEFT: Lush greenery hides the hard soften the edges. edges, and stepping stones invite one to walk through the border plantings.

American Horticulturist 5 THATCHED 1HE DESIGN PAGE ROOF period of design are complex and will take couraged to emulate the living profession­ BIRD years to correct. For example: als rather than to look to the past for models • Craftsmen have not been able to find of excellence. HOUSES work because .the Int~rnational Style has • There is not enough collaboration, encouraged "clean lines" and industrial­ understanding, and respect for the various ized materials rather than hand labor. skills needed to create a garden or a land­ Therefore, craftsmen have had to find other scape that will last for generations. The means of employment; rarely have they engineer, architect, landscape archit~ct, passed on their skills to the next genera­ landscape designer, general contractor, tion. It is difficult today to find garden landscape contractor, craftsman, horti­ craftsmen who can build rock walls and culturist, gardener, nurseryman, and sup­ waterfalls, or lay flagstone and brick. plier are isolated from each other because • Horticulturists and gardeners have Made in England by "cottage industry," The Thatched Roof Bird Houses have the been treated similarly. The International charm of Folk-craft .... one of those pleasant Style considered plants an unnecessary touches that make the English Gardens aristocratic tradition. Only a few species famous. The house is a rustic hollowed were used, usually in straight-lines, with branch with a flat back to hang on a wall, low maintenance the dominant focus. fence , or tree. A stub of a stem is the perch. Twigs are fitted to hold the thatching. 10" Horticulturists have been considered the high . Easy to clean out. Writes a reordering least important teachers in the landscape customer: .. ... my thatched bird hOUSe is the architecture schools. Classes about plants talk of the neighborhood." Only 18.95 are isolated from the design classes; there­ each. Shipping $2.00 fore, we find few people who combine a 1he Walt Nicke knowledge and artistic sense of plants with Company the ability to design spaces for them. p.o. Box 433A, 36 Mcleod Lane • Drawing and history have been de­ Topsfield. MA 01983 emphasized in the design schools for nearly two generations. This has resulted in buildings and gardens with few unusual or interesting details, a lack of understand­ ing of proportion and scale, and a narrow historical perspective. Students are en-

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Mendocino, CA 95460 ABOVE: The linear pruning of Pittosporum tenuifolium gave a feeling of coldness to the (707) 937-0323 entrance of the church. TOP: A variety of pefennials and shrubs add a welcoming look to the same area.

6 December 1988 they each exist in a professional hierarchy. For the holidays, give Building a garden is like making a movie; the talents of many people are needed. Each needs to be trea ted equally and given fair a gift ofgardening recognition. • There is too much emphasis on de­ signing for fas hion and on impressing one's own profess ional peers. Designs are often that blooms aU year­ built for awards rather than for the beauty, needs, and comfo rt of the users. Garden­ ers, consultants, artists, and engineers rarely an AIlS membership! are rewarded or even recognized for thei r contributions. This is one of the reasons their contributio n has been minimal in our landscapes and gardens. • The designing and building phases of creating a ga rden are not understood by the groups that control each portion of the landscape industry. The design group is the only one that crosses over the profes­ sional hierarchical lines and brings various skills together. Somehow our society has forgotten that the best gardens in the world were built when the des igner was inti­ mately involved with the constructi on, and when the garden was built over many years. • The schools do not cross hierarchica l boundaries to offer multi-disciplinary courses and degrees. There are too few schools for gardeners, landscape contrac­ AMERICAN tors, designers, and builders. HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY In the early 1980s one of the leaders of the design compound, architect Philip Johns'on, designed a major building that helped to break the hold the International Style has had on this country. The AT&T building in New York City was designed with a six-story arch over the front door. Following the construction of this build­ ing, we have begun to see new architecture in every major city with such classical ele­ ments as columns, arches, roofs, moldings, and detailed front doors. The AT&T V our special gardener can enjoy the beautiful building announced the beginning of the end of the International Style. But because ~ American Horticulturist magazine and this is a time of transition for artistic styles information·packed News Edition; answers to and since no style has yet led the way, it any gardening question from our Gardener's is an important historical period for all our arts including the art of garden design. Information Service; free, unusual seeds; Now is the time for designers to demon­ discounts on gardening books; marvelous tours; strate the courage of their own convictions special events; garden symposia; and much, by creating new regional and individual designs and not accepting what the com­ much more for only $30! pound dictates. Use the gift insert form or call us at 1·800· My small company in San Francisco has m·7931. Make this holiday season a memorable tried to do just that. An early project was working with nhe First Church of Christ one for your special gardener! Scientist, ORe of the oldest churches in oldr city. It has a MediterraD(~ an style of ar­ chitecture with gard€ns that have never

American Horticulturist 7 leaves-Away Rigid Aluminum Gutter Guards THE DESIGN PAGE

reflected the style of the building. For ex­ twenty years with a garden style that was ~,".\",~.. \i.~· ... ample, a Pittosporum tenuifolium hedge, the opposite of her natural irnclinations. pruned to thn~e feet, was planted on both When they were having their first garden sides of the front €ntry and had remained built there was no alternative to the In­ there for over seventy years until an au­ ternational Style. tomobile accident removed half of it. The Our design created two gardens: one church's board of trustees recognized that kept the linear lines of the old garden but the hedge brought the entry a feeling of gave it bolder accent plants, and the other coldness, which contributed to the per­ side of the area became a romantic wood­ ception of an unfriendly and uncaring land garden focused on a brick patio with church. stones and rocks mixed in unusual pat­ Maintenance free permanent protection. 4 ft. lengths snap securely and easily in place on 5" aluminum gutters My company suggested that the hedge terns. When this couple has parties it is with clips. Thousands of 3/ 16" holes admit water, might be replaced by a variety of peren­ int€resting to observe that the scientists exclude leaves and debris. Save hours of cleaning time nials and shrubs including euphorbia (Eu­ gravitate toward th€ garden's linear side each season. phorbia characias var. wulfenii), dracaena and the artists drift to the garden's wood­ palm (Dracaena indivisa), Italian cypress land side. Our public spaces should also We have sold and (Cupressus sempervirens), various Phor­ have a variety of styles to meet peoples' Steinmax serviced Steinmaxes Electric Chipper since 1982. They are the mium cultivars, princess flower (Tibouch­ various emotional ne€ds. Shredders best. Powerful motors ina urvilleana), sweet olive (Osmanthus run on ordinary house current. Unique blade fragrans), Bougainvillea 'Rosenka' as a design shreds tomato ground cover, westringia (Westringia ros­ The masculine versus the vines without tangling, mariniformis), Artemisia 'Powis Castl€', plus corn stalks, old feminine or the engineer plants, leaves and Sedum 'Autumn Joy', torch lily (Kniphofia prunings for super-rapid uvaria), Chrysanthemum 'Silver Lace', Ice­ versus the artist must be compost. Separate land poppies (Papaver nudicaule), and ar­ chipping chute holds addressed in design and controls tichokes for texture. This change was in­ 1W' branches stituted, but when the plants began to grow, eliminating most forms and plant choices. vibralion. Quiet. the garden was difficult for many members Made in Germany. to accept because it was a new visual ex­ 3 models to choose. perience for them. Flow€rs in the city's The International Styl€ placed concrete Continuous Action public spaces had meant annuals that were walks and patios next to buildings and left completely removed two or three times a no room for foundation plants to soften Compost Bins year, retaining the same design; this, how­ the lin€ar roof lines and the edges of the €ver, was the city's first perennial bed lo­ buildings. When we first tried to change cated on a busy corn€r where thousands this, architects and contractors were es­ of people could view it daily. It took sev­ pecially opposed to the idea. They said that eral years for the church members to ap­ the concrete protected the building from preciate th€ perennials with their daily termite damage. However, we kept trying changes and the bold forms and colors that to find a client who would listen to our complement the Mediterranean architec­ rationale-straight lines make small spaces tural style. appear smaller and curved lines make them It is far easier to work on residential appear larger. Also, th€r€ are many old, Scientific design con­ gardens to bring about these visual changes, historically important buildings that have centrates warmth and because <'lIle is working with the attitudes survived hundreds of years with founda­ moisture, accelerates NEW ITEMS decomposition. Turn Just in from England of only one or two people. But even two tion planting. garden and kitchen • Original, genuine differing thoughts can bring challenges; the When we did find a client who would wastes into rich soil­ Link-Slakes masculine versus the feminine or the en­ allow us to remove a concrete walk I1ext conditioner in weeks. • Wrought Iron Planters gineer versus the artist must be addressed to the house, we found sev€re termite dam­ Add materials anytime, • Forged Garden Tools slide up panels to • Ornamental Iron Work in design forms and plant choices. Indi­ age in the foundation. The fact is that water remove mature compost • Rustic Willow Hurdles vidual differences such as these were never seeps through concrete, and there is no at ground level. Four and Climbing Supports models-some make addressed in the International Style. way that concrete can waterproof and pro­ tons of compost in Canadian Residents, A number of years ago we remodeled a tect a building. In fact, the concrete had a season. Please write: Kinsman Company, 1960s garden designed by a landscape ar­ hidden fFom the owner a problem that he Call or write 115 Guelph Street chitect in the International Style. It was a might not have discovered until after it had for FREE 58 Georgetown, Onto caused severe damage to his home. We L7G 4A2 Canada stark garden with few vari€ties of plants; page catalog it had plastic under gravel so no weeds or used aluminum flashing to Flrotect the wood grOlmdcover could grow, and angular and siding and foundation from t€rmite and KinsmanCompany linear shapes. The husband was a Nobel rot damage; then we were able to put in River Road, Dept. 911, Point Pleasant, PA 18950 Prize winner in biochemistry and the wife a curved path of stepping stones and showy (215) 297-5613 was an artist who had been living for over foundation plants to make the narrow space

8 December 1988 FROM 15" LEYLAND CYPRESS TO OVER A fast-growing evergreen (3 to 5 ft. per yr.) 7 FEET Long-living appear wider and to utilize the space for IN JUST 2 YEARS! walking. Leyland Cypress was discovered in 1952 The plants along the path are long-leaf by Mr. Leyland in Wales. Since then it has yellowwood pine (Podocarpus henkelii), 7' been widely grown in England and Ireland. box leaf azara (Azara microphylla), Jap­ It is only now becoming available in this anese maple (Acer palmatum), evergreen country. The trees, grown on the Eastern pear (Pyrus kawakamii), sweet olive (Os­ Shore, are in pots. manthus fragrans), camellia (Camellia sas­ Trees can be planted NOW anqua), heavenly bamboo (Nandina do­ Rated for Zone 7 mestica), flowering maple (Abutilon hybridum), leatherleaf fe rn (Aspidium ca ­ • Will grow in marshy or dry soil pense), mother fern (Asplenium bulbi­ • Not affected by salt sprays ferum ), cineraria (Senecio X hybridus), al­ pine geranium (Erodium chamaedryoides), Prices from $5.00 baby tears (So leirolia soleirolii), Irish moss (Lots of 100 or more $4.00 ea.) (Sagina subuL.ta), violets (Viola odorata (Larger sizes available) 'Rosina '), wild ginger (Asa rum caudatum), forget-me-not (Myosotis spp.), strawberry MAIL ORDERS: Six (15") Trees geranium (Saxifraga stolonifera), and foam C~ale..a NURSERY Delivered $51.00 (UPS) flower (Tiarella cordifolia ). Now it is a whol~sale Gift Certificates Available pleasure to walk along this path. Catalpa Point Ox:!ord Road Garden and plant lovers for the most P.O. BOX 1599 EASTON. MD. 21601 Leyland Cypress Trees make part have been isolated from those who (301) 822·0242 thoughtful gifts for holidays, homes and other special events. subscribe to the International Style, even though the International Style has strongly U.S. Rt. 50 to Easton By-Pass (Rt. 322) to Oxford Rd . (Rt. 333) . Turn right at the OPEN 7 a.m. to 5 p.m. affected our environment. In one instance, Catalpa Point Sign (3 mi. from By-Pass) SUNDAYS By Appointment a man poured concrete on his entire garden floor, ending with many thicknesses and textures. When he sold his property, the •••••••••••••••••••••••••••• new owners, thinking that everything was REDWOOD : literally "in concrete," resolved the prob­ lem by placing a wood deck over it and GREENHOUSES ~ using planters on the deck. There were no America's BEST Values! • GREENHOUSES AND SUN ROOMS WITH TEMPERED GLASS . • trees, only flowers. Consequently, the space PANELS COM E READY TO BOLT TOGETHER FOR EASY . remained unbearably hot, and the token ASSEM BLY. ALSO FIBERGLASS KITS . • flowers didn't really create a pleasant en­ • • vironment. Until the owners consulted with • us, it had never occurred to them that they • could remove the concrete. This was done, • and a woodland space with a spa and trellis • at its edge replaced it. • Six months after this garden had been • planted and as it was beginning its first • spring, the owner was so inspired that she • Stores water & nutrients. • • Helps control overwatering. • wrote a poem about her new garden and • Easy to use. .. the miracle of its birth. The International • Reduces soil compacting. • Style has not inspired this kind of expres­ SOIL MOIST PLUS works unlike any • sion, because its hard lines have left out other product to time release both • nature, a fundamental source of inspira­ water and nutrients into the soil. It tion for poetry, music, and art. There ap­ absorbs excess water with an action similar to that of a sponge and when pear to be positive changes on the horizon, the surrounding soil becomes dry, the but we all need to help wherever the blem­ product discharges the water into the ishes remain. It will take years to recover soil as needed. As water is released, from this forty-year famine. May we have nutrients are also released into the soil. more beautiful gardens, and with them more Write or call for free fact sheet. poetry and music at all levels of our so­ ~JRM • JRM Chemical Division • ciety. -Kathryn Mathewson (805) 482·3765 : 110 West Streetsboro SEND FOR FREE COLOR CATALOG • Hudson, Ohio 44236 SANTA BARBARA GREENHOUSE • Kathryn Mathewson has her own landscape (216) 656-4010 111S-J AVE ~ ACASO •.A CAMARILLO. CA 93010 : design company in San Francisco, California. • •••••••••••••••••••••••••••

American Horticulturist 9 GARDENS TO VISIT Ariz011£/S Showcase for Desert Plants

everal miles away from the tow­ ering skyscrapers and busy airport S runways of central Phoenix is a quiet enclave of tall and stately saguaros, spiked agaves, and prickly, barrel-shaped cacti. This is the Desert Botanical Garden, home to over 10,000 plants representing more than 2,500 different species from all over the world. Founded in 1937 by the Arizona Cactus and Native Flora Society, the garden is the only botanical garden dedicated from its beginning to the study of plant life of the deserts and other arid lands of the world. The garden is located on 140 acres of low Sonoran Desert where the Superstition Mountains, the Four Peaks, and Camel­ back Mountain can be seen in the distance. Its mission is to preserve as many desert species as possible from all over the world, for as the earth's population increases and development spreads, more and more des­ ert plants are threatened with extinction. The most common and best-known cacti found in the garden include the many-spined golclen barrel cactus (Echinocactus gru­ sonii) from central Mexico, shaped like a large pincushion; the long, slender-armed octopus cactus (Rathbunia alamosensis); and the prickly pear (Opuntia phaeacan­ tha). Pleated like a skirt, the native fish­ hook barrel cacti (Ferocactus spp.) expand to absorb water from rainstorms. Some of the largest are organ pipe cactus (Steno­ cereus thurberi), totem pole cactus (Lo­ phocereus schottii 'Monstrosus'), cardon (Pachycereus pringlei), and the Boojum tree (Idria columnaris). The totem pole cactus wards off hungry animals by producing bad-tasting alkaloids in its tissues; north­ western Mexican cardon grows from fifty to sixty-five feet high with a total weight of more than ten tons. One of the most unusual sights is the Boojum tree from Baja, California, and Sonora, Mexico; growing to a height of seventy feet, it resembles a large, upside-down carrot. (Its common name comes from the Lewis Carroll poem "The Hunting of the Snark.")

10 December 1988 ABOVE: The 140-acre Desert Botanical Garden is dedicated to the study of arid-region plant li fe . LEFT: Of the garden's 2,500 species, one of the best known is the golden barrel cactus (Echinocactus grusonii).

Many of the cacti and succulents in the side red to be the most primitive of cacti. garden are not native to the southwest So­ This genus has true leaves that drop during noran Desert. These species must be pro­ northern winters-a unique feature in tected from the harsh direct sun and winter Cactaceae. frost of Arizona, so the cactus and suc­ Some cacti can survive only under a larger culent houses provide shade and the cooler "nurse" plant, which provides shade. In temperatures normally found south of the the garden, a lath shade protects the Mam­ equator or in higher elevations. The Suc­ millarias spp., small pincushion cacti from culent Lath House contains plants from the southwestern United States and Mex­ the highlands of Mexico, the deserts of ico. Resembling clumps of cottonballs, the North and South Africa, the Canary Is­ cacti bear crowns of white, yellow, or pink lands, and Madagascar. Several species of flowers followed by red fruits shaped like Lithops, called stone faces or living stones, small red peppers. Another species, Mam­ look like worn desert pebbles. They sur­ millaria heyderi, looks like interwoven vive two-year droughts by withdrawing clusters of stars. Its neighbor, Mammillaria under the soil and sands. The Succulent compressa, shoots out long whisker-like Lath House also contains Peres kia, con- stems from its center. Photos by Dick George

American Horticulturist 11 eed GARDENS TO VISIT Big = The Arizona Native Plant Trail is a ple-fading-to-pink flowers with white cen­ New showcase of desert plants that were used ters, and the snake-lih creeping devil or = by American Indians. The Indians relied caterpillar cactus (Stenocereus eruca) dis­ 1989 = on the plants for their domestic, ceremo­ plays pink flowers with white centers. In Catalog I nial, and aesthetic needs; for example, early June, Arizona queen of the night mesquite was used for pottery paint, bas­ (Peniocereus greggii) makes up for its year­ "With color so I ket dye, hair conditioner, adhesive, and long unattractiveness and produces large, real you can I medicinal purposes. Sonoran Desert tribes, Imost smell I white, trumpet-shaped flowers. After dark, the beautiful the Pima and the Papago, enjoyed the fruit moths pollinate yuccas, and bats, attracted and taste the luscious vegetables!" I of the saguaro and organ pipe cactus, and by the smell, pollinate saguaros. Park Seed's new 132 page catalog has all I you need to grow your best garden ever. I the harvest of the fruit in late June and During the daytime several species of Over 2,000 quality products: flower and July marked the begining of their New Year. Aloe draw hundreds of bees and hum­ vegetable seed, bulbs, plants and garden I The Indians also raised species of corn and mingbirds. The red, orange, yellow, and supplies. Everything comes with complete I instructions and backed by our guarantee of gourds in the desert that are unlike today's white-flowered aloes are native to South complete satisfaction. I cultivars. Africa, Madagascar, Arabia, Ethopia, and ~OS~~ddful~eed SfjPecialists S,i; ;868" II Recently the garden has added plants Somalia. from the arid central and western portions Color Catalog REL of Australia. Among them are species of Please ;J020 The Desert Botanical Garden is a ten­ I Acacia, Cassia, and Eucalyptus. In order Print: I minute drive from centtal Phoenix and to establish them initially, the garden needed Name ______is located at Papago Park between I to supply the eucalyptus trees with addi­ McDowell Road and Van Bmen Street Address I tional iron, fertilizer, and water. at the end of 64th Street. It is open every I The John H . Rhuart Demonstration ------Apt. __ I day of the year from 9 a.m. to sunset; Garden provides ideas and techniques for during the months of july and August ~ I the home gardener, such as how to raise it is open from '1 a.m. to sunset. Ad­ State ---Zip I crops in a desert environment. Spearmint, Cokesbury Rd . PO Box 46 mission is charged, but children under I Par k See d Greenwood. SC 29648-0046 I chives, rosemary, peppermint, parsley, five are. free. For information write beans, carrots, onion, lettuce, and peas are Desert Botanical Garden, 1201 N. Gal­ being raised under the hot desert sun. These ------vin Parkway, Phoenix, Arizona 85008, are some of the most drought-tolerant plants or call (602) 941-1225. and vegetables. Certain cultivars adapted readily; however, others needed quite a bit of supplemental watering. In the desert en­ The garden offers an active special events vironment, some cultivars and species need program-walking tours, workshops and to be planted at specific times of the year classes, field trips, and children's activities. in order to avoid the intense heat. Webster Auditorium, built in 1939, houses From late March until early May, most classes, lectures, and meetings, and is also of the flowering cacti and trees are in bloom. a showcase for exhibits of life in the desert Since the garden has cacti from all over and plant adaptations and uses. The Rich­ the world, bloom times vary so visitors will ter Library is home to 4,200 botanical always see something in flower. However, books, periodicals, and prints on floristics, a cactus flower lasts only one day. ecology, and horticulture in arid lands. The Lavender flowers appear in May on the Earle Herbarium contains 25,000 botan­ ironwood tree (Olneya tesota), whose heavy ical specimens. wood is used for carvings. Velvet mesquite As only twenty-five acres of the garden (Prosopis juliflora var. velutina) produces are heavily cultivated, there is plenty of long clusters of honey-filled flowers. Yel­ room to grow. The master plan for the low brittlebush (Encelia farinosa) blos­ remaining 115 acres calls for an education soms from November to May. Showy center, a visitor's center, additional park­ blooms such as those of Aloe zanzibanca ing, and a convention center for meetings. from East Africa; Ruellia peninsularia, a A large portion will be left untouched, sweet-smelling purple-flowering bush; and however, and kept as a preserve for the Bulbine frutescens from Cape Province, jays, jackrabbits, squirrels, and desert tor­ o Bronze aluminum 0 Shatter-resistant glazing South Africa, resembling a purple orchid, toises who share the garden acreage with o No foundations required 0 Easy do-it-yourself assembly 0 Ideal greenhouse. spa / hot tub room . delight spring visitors. outstanding desert plants from around the Send $2 for Color Catalogues, Prices, Some cacti have adapted to bloom only world. SENT FIRST CLASS MAIL. at night, which reduces competition from -Debora Toth Dealer Inquiries Welcome day-time pollinators. Most blooms are pale VEGETABLE FACTORY. INC. P.O. Box 2235 . Dept AHa in order to be seen in the dark; organ pipe Debora Toth is a writer and gardener who New York. NY 10163 cactus (Stenocereus thurberi) exhibits pur- lives in East Farmingdale, New York.

12 December 1988 AUSTRALIAN GARDEN DESIGN CONFERENCE MELBOURNE OC1DBER6-8, 1989

A NEW PERSPECTIVE OF A TRUE ART In three days of lectures and discussion, you will discover a much deeper understanding of the garden as a form of creative expression.

The speakers: Penelope Hobhouse, author. John Brookes, garden designer and author. Anthony du Gard Pasley, landscape architect and author. Tom Wright, senior lecturer, Amenity Horticulture, London University. Elizabeth Blair MacDougall, former director of Studies in Landscape Architecture, Dumbarton Oaks, Washington. James Van Sweden,landscape architect, Instigator of the INew American Garden'. John Patrick, garden designer and author. Michael Laurie, professor of Landscape Architecture, University of California. George Seddon, professor of Environmental Planning, University of Melbourne.

This conference is essential for anyone with a love of gardens.

Conference Tour. Following the conference there is a ten day tour of South Eastern Australia - its landscape and gardens.

To register or to find out more information. write to or telephone Anthony Mugg. Australian Garden Design Conference. 15 Curran Street. North Melbourne. Victoria. 3051. Australia. Telephone 61-3-329-9938. FOr Year -round Color, Cfwose

BY GEORGE PHAIR

mily Brown's article on Pieris in onomic Revision of Pieris" in the April the spring 1973 issue of Ameri­ 1982 issue of the Journal of the Arnold can Horticulturist afflicted me Arboretum, was able to subdivide this E with the Pieris "bug," and I re­ widely diverse genus into seven distinct main under its influence to this day. It species by statistically analyzing intergra­ seems safe to say that of all broad leaf ever­ dational characteristics. Those seven spe­ greens, only the genus Rhododendron cies are Pieris japonica, P. formosa, P. flo­ equals Pieris in diversity of growth habit, ribunda, P. phillyreifolia, P. cubensis, P. size and shape of leaf, and flowering char­ swinhoei, and P. nana (formerly Arcterica acteristics. The crowning glory of the ge­ nana). All are native in warm temperate nus, however, is the wide color range and to subtropical climes except P. nana, which brilliance shown by the new growth of its is endemic to Kamchatka and northern Ja­ Asiatic species. In that respect, the genus pan. P. japonica, P. formosa, P. swinhoei, is in a class by itself. and P. nana are Asiatic species. P. flori­ Members of the genus Pieris are among bunda and P. phillyreifolia are native to the earliest of shrubs to flower. The buds the southwestern United States. P. cub­ open to form lily of the valley-like blos­ ensis is native to Cuba. All are under cul­ soms in shades of white, cream, pink, or tivation with the exception of P. swinhoei red, depending upon the cultivar, through­ and P. cubensis and are available from out the late winter and early spring. In mid­ nurseries specializing in the broadleaf spring, the colorful new growth puts in its evergreens. appearance in shades of red, copper, or The horticultural trade offers several hy­ bright green and the display lingers, though brids of P. floribunda, P. japonica, and P. fading in intensity, until early to mid-sum­ formosa. Cultivars include 'Forest Flame' mer. In late summer new buds ranging in (P. formosa var. forrestii 'Wakehurst' x color from bright green to deep maroon, P. japonica) and 'Brouwer's Beauty' (P. depending upon the cultivar, festoon the japonica x P. floribunda ), which are among shrubs in lacy panicles, and these continue to provide color in fall and winter. The gen­ 'Forest Flame' has brilliant red new growth us Pieris gives pleasure the year around. and creamy white panicles that resemble lily­ Botanist Walter Judd, author of "Tax- of-the-valley fl owers.

14 December 1988 American Horticulturist 15 TOP: An American native, Pieris floribunda the more spectacular cultivars in the genus. tion of the new growth or of the panicles is an excellent evergreen shrub with erect Horticultural selection in the species for­ in winter, its garden value lies mainly in panicles of white flowers. mosa, mainly by the British, has been aimed its flowers. Although an American native, OPPOSITE, TOP: Pieris japonica 'Valley Valentine' creates a striking effect by at extending the color range of the striking it is more temperamental than P. japonica contrasting deep red and white flowers new growth. Horticultural selection in the and its cultivars. Unless the soil drainage against the dark green foliage. species japonica, mainly by American is particularly good, it may become spindly OPPOSITE, BELOW: 'Dorothy Wycoff' has growers, has been directed primarily at ex­ with age. maroon buds, peduncles, and panicles which nana form in the fall and provide color throughout tending the color range of the flowers and The only prostrate pieris is P. (for­ the winter. Shown here are the abundant to a lesser extent the color range of the merly Arcterica nana), which bears small panicles of pink flowers that new growth, which tends to be more sub­ leaves and small white flowers. It is a nat­ bloom in the spring. dued than in P. formosa. ural for the shady rockery. (Do not confuse Pieris japonica is a very variable plant P. nana with the small-leaved but erect and though its variants are an asset to gar­ dwarf, P. japonica 'Nana' sold by nurseries den design, they shouldn't be considered specializing in rock garden plants). different species. Judd considers P. tai­ P. phillyreifolia, a strong-growing woody wanensis and P. koidzumiana to be the vine in the deep South, must be treated as same as P. japonica because there is no a dwarf die-back shrub in the mid-Atlantic discrete gap in the morphological pattern states. Sending up new shoots from hori­ of variation. Another variant of P. japon­ zontal rhizomes in an unpredictable pat­ ica is yakusimana (not mentioned by Judd tern each spring, it needs more space in in his 1982 article "Taxonomic Revision southern climates than its small size in the of Pieris"), valued for its small, low grow­ North would seem to warrant. Rarely ing form, white flowers, and red flower reaching flowering size before winter die­ buds. back, it is an interesting curiosity. Pieris floribunda is an erect shrub of intermediate stature bearing erect panicles Flowering Characteristics of white flowers. With dark green leaves In the genus Pieris the flowers are borne that are less lustrous than in the P. japonica on racemes that branch from a central stem, cultivars, and lacking distinctive colora- or peduncle, to form individual panicles.

16 Decem ber 1988 The panicles are erect in our native P. flo­ gun' (also known as 'Shojo') are said to lack hardiness throughout most of the ribunda and erect to horizontal in 'Purity' be "nearly a brick red." United States but could be worth trying in and in 'Brouwer's Beauty'. Most other Perhaps the most striking of all the flow­ protected microclimates in the warmer re­ members of the genus carry pendant pan­ ering pieris is the hybrid 'Brouwer's Beauty' gions. 'Brouwer's Beauty' appears to be icles in which the drooping racemes may quite hardy, but like its male parent P. either diverge outwardly or fall in sub­ floribunda it seems to be more sensitive to parallel chains. The flowers of P. formosa drainage than its seed parent, P. japonica. and its cultivars tend to be broader and It highlights its flowers by holding its semi­ up to one and a half times as long as in erect to erect panicles above the foliage. P. japonica and its cultivars. Depending 'Brouwer's Beauty' is the only Pieris cul­ upon the cuitivar, the color of the flowers tivar that has been patented. Other P. ja­ of P. japonica range from pure white ponica x P. floribunda crosses are be­ through cream and pink to red. coming available to the wholesale market, A particularly effective white form is the but just how well they compare with tall-growing cultivar P. japol1ica 'White 'Brouwer's Beauty' is not known. Cascade', in which a panoply of flowers Color of the Panicles in Winter arranged in chains literally cascades down all sides of the shrub. In the cultivar 'Crys­ Buds form in mid-July to mid-September tal', the pure white blossoms stand out and add color and textural interest to the against the very dark green foliage - the winter landscape. The color of the buds, darkest of all pieris. The low-to-interme­ peduncles, and pedicels that make up the diate-height of P. japonica 'Purity' is not­ panicles is deepest-actually dark ma­ able for the profusion of its white flowers roon - in two pink-flowered cultivars, displayed on erect to semi-erect panicles. 'Dorothy Wycoff' and 'Coleman'. Increas­ In 'Grayswood', a spreading shrub of in­ ing the color effect in 'Dorothy Wycoff', termediate height, the white flowers hang and to a lesser extent in 'Coleman', are in long graceful chains. 'Compacta' is an­ splashes of maroon that develop in the other heavily flowering white form. Do not winter on the older foliage on the sunnier be misled by its name, however; it can sides of the plant. In most other pink-flow­ grow as taU as P. japonica, with the dif­ ered types, such as 'Flamingo', 'Daisen', ference that it will be as wide as it is taU. 'Christmas Cheer', and 'Valley Rose', the The white-flowering cultivar 'Bonsai', AJ­ winter bud color is mainly light green and penglow strain, is a scaled-down version the supporting peduncles and pedicels are of the species but grows half as tall. P. medium pink. japonica 'Crispa', an erect form of inter­ In most white-flowered cultivars the mediate height, also white flowering, pos­ winter buds are light green and are sup­ sesses the year-round virtue of having crin­ ported on light pink to light green pedun­ kled, glossy, bright green leaves that reflect cles and pedicels. Two exceptions are a variable play of light. P. japonica 'Iseli 'Grayswood' and 'Brouwer's Beauty'. In Cream', as its name implies, has off-white 'Grayswood', the light green color of the flowers. winter buds contrasts with the deep pink Among the popular pink-flowered P. ja­ of the peduncles and pedicels of the pan­ ponica cultivars are the deep pink 'Flam­ icles, and the pink coloration extends to ingo', the medium pink 'Dorothy Wycoff' the non-woody, leaf-bearing branches, and 'Coleman', and the light pink 'Valley making the plant almost as noteworthy in Rose'. The flowers of 'Dorothy Wycoff' Pamela Harper the winter as when in full bloom. In 'Brou­ open pink, but soon fade to white in the wer's Beauty', the light green buds are sup­ Washington-Baltimore region. According (P. japonica X P. floribunda) , a natural ported on peduncles and pedicels of a to Dr. Donald Egolf of the U.S. National cross obtained by Brouwer's Nursery in pleasing shade of red. Arboretum, the pink color is stable in the Connecticut, and 'Jermyns' a cultivar of Philadelphia region less than 100 miles to the tender species P. formosa, selected by Color of the New Growth the north. 'Flamingo' and 'Dorothy Wy­ Hillier's Nursery in England. In these cul­ The new growth color in P. japonica and coff' are tall-growing and relatively erect. tivars not only the peduncles and pedicels in P. formosa is an attractive medium cop­ 'Coleman' and 'Valley Rose' are of inter­ of the panicles but also the sepals are a per to light copper. That color is retained mediate height and relatively more spread­ deep red, thereby providing a particularly in most japonica cultivars, but in some it ing; 'Valley Rose' is particularly florifer­ marked contrast with the brilliant white shades towards red, dark copper, or light ous. of the flowers. The color contrast is further green. The truest reds in japonica are found Two recent introductions are P. japon­ enhanced in 'Jermyns' by the new growth, in the cultivars 'Scarlet O'Hara', 'Moun­ ica cultivars bearing red flowers. The flow­ which shares the deep red color of the pe­ tain Fire', 'Red Mill', and 'Bert Chandler'. ers of 'Valley Valentine', an intermediate duncles, pedicels, and sepals of the pani­ The red of 'Scarlet O'Hara' is a medium to tall shrub, are deep red; those of 'Sho- cles. 'Jermyns' is generally considered to Continued on page 43

American Horticulturist 17

Byodo-in, Daisen-in, and Katsura reflect Japan's cultural history.

yota, renowned for its gar­ Buddhist temple in 1052. tive, as if the statue were a painting rather dens and temples, shimmered At that time, the Jodo or Pure Land Sect than sculpture. in the heat and humidity of of Buddhism was being preached by its A path also leads up a hillside to the mid-August, and the air re­ founder, Honen. He taught that the souls open belfry, rebuilt after a fire in 1336 verberated to the shrill calls of believers who asked for compassion from during a war between two powerful fam­ of countless cicadas. As my Amida Buddha would live forever in the ilies. That war destroyed most of the gar­ husband Bruce and I, accompanied by our Pure Land at the western end of the Bud­ den and buildings, leaving only the Phoe­ son David, explored a succession of gar­ dhist universe-a place of beautiful pavil­ nix Hall and the Kannon Hall, dedicated dens, we were alternately subjected to re­ ions overlooking ponds filled with lotus to Kannon, the Goddess of Mercy. lentless sunlight or cheered by the cooling blossoms, where the blessed souls walked The Muromachi period, shortly before presence of water, rocks, and trees-the over bridges into pa,radise. Heian gard€ns the fifteenth century, was a period of ex­ three central components of Japanese gar­ were an attempt to imitate this Buddhist treme instability when the feuding nobility den design. paradise and the large lotus pond at the was being replaced by the rising military David, who had spent a year in the Kyoto Byodo-in still exists, reflecting in its waters class, or samurai. Zen Buddhism, which area, had chosen to show us three of his a statue of Amida Buddha sitting in the stressed simplicity, individual discipline, favorite temple and palace complexes. Be­ Phoenix Hall surrounded by fifty-two at­ and silent meditation appealed to the war­ cause of their religious and architectural tendants (called "Boddhisatva on clouds"), rior ethic. Zen temple gardens began to importance, such buildings are always set dancing and playing musical instruments. rely more on a scaled-down representation in outstanding gardens whose designs re­ The Heian period was one of traditional of a vista rather than the real thing. Stones, flect the Buddhist beliefs that were prev­ garden design in which the Japanese used pebbles, and sand became symbolic of the alant when the gardens were constructed. the best natural features of a site and made actual waterfalls, streams, lakes, islands, That is how, when visiting David's fa­ the distant scenery a part of the garden's and mountain views that had been in the vorite Buddhist temple in the grand Phoe­ composition. Located on the Uji River, the Heian gardens. nix Hall of the Byodo-in, we also saw one Byodo-in also faces a steep mountain vista. The culmination of the so-called Kare­ of the few remaining gardens of the ancient Visitors can sit on the steps of the Phoenix sansui or dry landscape style of Zen gar­ Heian period. Built originally in the elev­ Hall and view the distant scene before fol­ dening was reached in 1509 when Kogaku enth century as a villa for prime minister lowing the path around the water, stop­ Sotan, the abbot of the Daitoku-ji temple Fujiwara no Michinaga in the city of Uji ping along the way to feed the foot-long, complex, built a rock garden around the near present day Kyoto, his son Fujiwara brightly-colored carp, and finally resting Daisen-in sub-temple that he had chosen no Yorimichi, the chief advisor to the em­ on benches that are situated for viewing for his retirement. Today the Daitoku-ji peror, remodeled and converted it into a the Amida Buddha from a single perspec- consists of the administrative headquarters for the Daitoku-ji branch of the Rinzai school of Zen and twenty-three sub-tem­ ples, only a few of which are open to the public. Even so, the large park with its temples and gardens locat€d in the north­ western section of Kyoto is merely a rem­ nant of what existed in the early sixteenth century. Daisen-in is historically and artistically the most important of the remaining sub­ temples-a mecca for Japanese as well as Western tourists. Before we entered the temple garden we removed our shoes and walked in slippered feet along the scru­ pulously clean wooden corridor that di­ vides the abbot's reception and study building from the gardens which surround it. There are, in reality, three gardens. The first and most famous one is the 100-meter dry landscape garden-an angled space running along two sides of the building and open to the study area, which contains PRECEDING PAGES : One of the sixteen bridges that span the Katsura Imperial Villa lake. Chinese-style landscape paintings by the ABOVE: Byodo-in has one of the few remaining gardens of the Heian period. Japanese artist Soami. OPPOSITE: The water motif is symbolized by stones at historically important Daisen-in. Many people believe that the garden is

20 December 1988 a replica of these paintings with mountain motifs, and that Soami helped Satan build the garden. Others think it was Satan's own creation: his Zen name " Kogaku ," which he received at the age of twenty­ three when he beca me a Zen master, mea ns "Ancient Mountain." At the sa me time he was given a Chinese poem about moun­ tains that he may have been trying to re­ create in his garden.

hatever the insp i­ ration, the garden, despite a continual parade of people passing by, has a tranquilizing effect on anyone who takes the time to discover it. The upper right corner is the focal point­ an arrangement of large, upright rocks that represent high mountain peaks. Ri sing above them are clipped, rounded camellia bushes. Those bushes symbolize Mt. Horai, or the Treasure Mountain, from which tumbles a "waterfall" -an a rrestingly beautiful striated rock. At the base of the waterfall, a stream of small stones flows through valleys and down into a ri ver of gravel. That " river" forks at the corner, and its left branch is spanned by a narrow bridge that is open at the base to display a long flat stone, called the dam. The dam separates the mountain scene from the calmer river scene below the bridge. The roofed bridge includes a single wall of half­ timber and an arched window, with a bench facing the mountain scene. The open win­ dow, viewed from the lower end of the river scene, also provides a more distant view of the "mountains." Three islets of stones lie in the water to the left of the mountains, two of them planted with a small evergreen tree. The islets with the trees are called Turtle Islet and Baby Turtle Islet. Turtles are one of two central motifs in the garden and are an important symbol to the Japanese be­ cause turtles, which seek the bottom of the ocean, represent the depths to which the human spirit can sink. The other islet, to the right of the waterfall, is called Crane Islet, the cranes symbolizing the heights to which the human spirit can soar. In Satan's garden the crane and turtle are bound in friendship by the central po­ sition of Treasure Mountain. Such unity represents Heaven and Earth, or joy and disappointment - crucial elements in the human experience. The flowing water is a metaphor for a human life: beginning with the birth of the waterfall in the mountains, it gushes in the vigor of youth, then swirls more slowly in dismay at the tragedies of Continued on page 32

American Horticulturist 21 . ardening is a practical pursuit, me when I'm removing ticks, fumigating mirroring life in its challenges, for fleas, and dabbing Caladryl on poison successes, and disappoint­ ivy welts. But I remember long, damp, gray­ ments, embodying creative acts skied winters, followed by summers that and, alas, destructive ones. were often not much different. New Eng­ rJOne wistfully unattainable gardener'S land? While Virginia's ten-month growing dream is of a garden where death need not season sometimes seems a mite too long, be dealt to slugs, moles, voles, rabbits­ six months is too short. San Francisco has compile your own list. That ideal situation considerable appeal, but what about sum­ must wait for the Garden of Eden; mean­ mer drought? The Pacific Northwest? Slugs, time, I put down slug bait, keep cats, sor­ snails, and Seattle make an inseparable row over dead birds, and apologize as I threesome. I've lived long enough to learn pull up weeds. that in gardens, as in life, no one gets the If I could live where I pleased, with only whole cake. Besides, might not lack of garden-making to consider, where would challenge lessen the satisfaction? One can­ it be? England? Idyllic it may seem to vis­ not appreciate being warm if one has never iting gardeners and a beckoning haven to felt cold, and garden successes gain savor

22 December 1988 from earlier disappointments. a garden isn't a garden without plants in trast, Xanthoceras sorbifolium grows very How big would my dream garden be ? abundance. I daydream about plants, not slowly, but from its beginning as a foot­ Any garden big enough to hold all the plants about their setting, imagining ways in which hi gh sucker from a friend's small tree it and features I want would be far too big they might be combined and enh anced . has bloomed each yea r, tipping every branch for me to manage. An acre would be the Yes, so long as I can have the plants I love with a billowy bunch of starry white flow­ best compromise, assuming no serious in it, my dream garden wi ll always be the ers with copper-colored centers -an over­ diminution of hea lth and strength, but it one I happen to have at the moment. all effect of off-white that blends with all would have to be surrounded by a privacy "There are other things in life than other colors. For the rest of the growing barrier of woods, fields, or water-safe plants," said a fr iend's husband, chid ingly. season it ea rns its place with daintily di­ from development. My acre would be of "Oh, are there?" she replied, in mock sur­ vided leaves. It used not to be obtainable uneven shape, have sufficient slope to pro­ prise. Alas, there are: laundry, shopping, from nurse ries, but now there is at least vide different leve ls, and the soil would be cleaning, cooking, and for most of us, the one mail order source (see Sources, page the proverbial rich, deep, slightly acid loam. need to earn a li ving. Matching the dream 33 ). An old gardener's prayer calls for a shower to reality makes me increasingly selective Surely the dogwood (Cornus fl orida ) of rain every night and a shower of manure on Sundays. Failing that, I'd like to garden where rainfall is adequate and reasonably well distributed through the year, and where manure can be had, if not for the asking, at least at an affordable price. I am at heart a muck-and-mystery gardener, turning to chemicals reluctantly. House and garden should enhance each other, and I do envy those wi th picturesque settings for their plants: old stone walls, patchwork-paved paths, thatched roofs, and roses 'round the door. Old stone wa lls harbor mice and chipmunks, craftsmen able to rethatch roofs are few and expensive, and I comfort myself remembering a song about England's stately homes: "The fact that it's mortgaged to the hilt, and fre­ quently needs to be rebuilt, is apt to take the gilt off the gingerbread." So I've planted ivy (Hedera helix 'Deltoida') to conceal our ugly red brick walls, and dream of the day when it is dense enough to support white-flowered clematis. As for the roses 'round the door, dream roses don't scratch you or get blackspot, and I do have a few ABOVE: Miscanthus sinensis 'Variega rus' that nearly match the dream. 'The Fairy' and the new 'Bonica' stay healthy though scratchy; 'Lady Banks' (Rosa banksiae in my choice of plants. What I seek is max­ must be the world's most beautiful small 'Lutea') with little yellow pompoms and imum reward for minimum maintenance. tree. It has everything: form, flower, or­ the hardier 'Veilchenblau' with violet-blue For example, Japanese azaleas can be per­ namental fruit, and autumn color. Cornus ones are both healthy and almost thorn­ fect plants for the Southeast, but no longer kousa is a close second. Neither demands less. These grow through tall pines, and am I beguiled by catalog pictures of ever a lot of attention, but they do account for with a little help in getting started up the larger and lusher flowers. "Is it susceptible some of my hose-dragging, showing signs trunks, they take care of themselves. to petal blight?" is what I want to know. of stress sooner than any of my other trees About lawns I am ambivalent. Nothing Late bloomers and those with double flow­ if several summer weeks go by without sets off flowers like well-tended greens­ ers are the ones to avoid. Among the mid­ rain. Crape myrtles are the opposite, self­ ward, but I view lawn care in the same season kinds, strap-petaled 'Koromo Shi­ sufficient except for a bit of winter pruning light as housework, which has been well kibu' is the stuff of which dreams are made to remove suckers and unwanted twiggy described as "pedaling hard to stay in the when tempered with practicality. growth. Lagerstroemia fauriei would be same place." My dream garden would have Of the hundreds of plants in my garden my first choice; the flowers are white and a lawn, but the dream assumes living where now, small trees best earn their space. Acer privetlike, not showy like L. indica, but a manicured lawn is achievable (which rules palmatum 'Sangokaku' is a pleasure to look the bark of the smooth and shapely trunks out all of the eastern United States) and at every day of the year, whether display­ is a glowing cinnamon. that someone else would take care of it. ing the bright red bark of winter, the restful There'll be no tree additions in the genus The structure of my own garden will, I green of summer, or the banana-yellow Prunus, I've lost so many from borers. But fear, always fall short of the dream, but leaves of fall. The leaves fall all at once one cherry tree that I would replace if nec­ the Versailles school of design-engineer­ and quickly shrivel, making little mess. It essary is 'Hally Jolivette', with twiggy ing, really-is to me more a nightmare than grows fast and needs annual pruning, but branches to the base, a pale pink cloud of a dream: so bleak, so unromantic. For me this takes only a couple of hours. In con- blossoms in spring and often bearing a

American Horticulturist 23 second smattering of bloom in fall, each Barberries are prickly but only to dis­ semi-double blossom resembling a ballet­ comfort level and not the serious hazard dancer's skirt. imposed by the hardy orange Poncirus tri­ Shrubs rival small trees in giving so much (oliata, which almost poked out one of my more than they get. Three genera head my eyes. The risk can be lessened by removing list: the viburnums, the spiraeas, and the the lower branches, but were I starting barberries. My first choice among viburn­ afresh I would not plant it. One article ums is the double-file, Viburnum plicatum recommended this as a burglar-proofing var. tomentosum, in all its sizes from the device in f0undation plantings, but it doesn't '~ daydream comparatively small 'Watanabe' and 'Fu­ distinguish between friend or foe and it J about plants jisanense' (there are variations of this spell­ isn't a burglar who cleans the windows. ing) to the dogwood-sized species itself. . . . imagining ways I've added 'Pink Beauty' that was planted as a six-inch, rooted cutting, but, oh, what ut back to the barberries. The in which they might dreams I have for it! Combined with a rose little 'Crimson Pygmy' (Ber­ be combined and of darker pink perhaps? Or set in front of beris thunbergii 'Atropurpu­ a purple-leaved cultivar of Cotinus cog­ !7J rea Nana') is my number one, enhanced."" gygria? but my dreams aren't static and there's a new version I'm anxious to try called 'Ba­ gatelle', said to be more compact. T0ugh old B.t. 'Atropurpurea' itself is one I would always want; it is the best thing I know for color scheming, a harmonious com­ panion for any other color. It is common, and inexpensive, and when you grow it you soon discover why: then~'s a bit of work to be done weeding out hundreds of seedlings, but they do stay close to the parent plant. Berberis X gladwynensis is my most promising newcomer. A portion of its glossy evergreen leaves turn bright red in winter, so I've put a group of five in front of a 'Sangokaku' maple to echo the red of the maple's winter stems. Getting Spiraea douglasii out of my for­ mer garden in England is one of my bad dreams: this rampant colonizer is best left to adorn the wild. Most spiraeas are ster­ ling plants of moderate size, falling into two main groups. Among those in the first group that wreath themselves with white flowers in early spring (good old Spiraea x vanhouttei is the commonest), I'm fond­ est of the small S. trilobata. Together with Weigela (lorida 'Variegata' it makes a dreamy confection of pink and white. The other group includes those listed as Spiraea japonica and S. x bumalda, with flattened heads of small flowers, usually bright pink. S. x bumalda 'Gold Flame', my first Ghoice, is a Ghallenge. I could show you any num­ ber of inspired combinations in spring, when the golden leaves burnished with copper are dramatic with orange, red, or yellow ABOVE: Rosa 'The Fairy'. RIGHT: Chamaecyparis pisifera and Lonicera sempervirens flowers. Then, for a few weeks it appalls 'Superba'. everyone by combining yellow leaves and bright pink flowers. It needs an interme­ diary before it can be blended into softer combinations of pink, white, blue, and lav­ ender, and I think I've found one in Iris sibirica 'Helen Astor', with white and yel­ low centers to its violet petals. ('Gold Flame's leaves turn greener in summer and don't then do battle with pink flowers.)

24 December 1988 ''OJ I know in my J heart that my garden will never match the dream, no matter; gardens aren't for having, gardens are for doing. • ,

f this spirea does not appeal, trouble. Its golden counterpart in my pres­ illusion to gardeners in hot summer re­ there's S. japonica var. for­ ent garden, Chamaecyparis pisifera 'Au­ gions. Maintaining perennials is seldom g tunei (S. dolchica in the nur­ rea', the gold-thread cypress, can make the hard labor, but the little-and-often atten­ series) with prettily incised same claim to trouble-free beauty. Against tion they need must be done when they leaves, the more compact S. x bumalda this yellow backdrop I envisioned the bright demand it, not when the spirit moves. Does 'Anthony Waterer', or the small hum­ red winter stems of Comus alba 'S ibirica', anyone dream of watering, feeding, dead­ mocks of S. japonica 'Alpina', 'Little Prin­ hard-pruned each year to keep it low. I heading, spraying, and weeding in a tem­ cess', and such new, yellow-leaved kinds dreamed that dream in summer, when the perature of 100° F? Seek, then, the self­ as 'Golden Princess' -just as delightful, but sun was high in the sky. It didn't work out sufficient. High on evetyone's list are Sedum posing the same problems as 'Gold Flame'. because a high hedge to the west cast win­ 'Autumn Joy' and rudbeckias of the 'Gold­ Then there's S. japonica 'Shirobana', which ter shade tOo widely (red winter stems must sturm' group, and I agree, except that I in catalog pictures has flowers of white, be front-lit to be effective). But now I have find ' Goldsturm' invasive and prefer pink, and red on the same bush. Of the another dream inspired by a combination 'Newmannii' (Rudbeckia fulgida var. spe­ five I put in, one has white flowers, one seen in an Oregon garden where bronze­ ciosa). The compact form of Amsonia called deep pink, the others a mixture of light leafed, yellow-flowered Crocosmia 'Sol­ montana asks nothing of me save keeping and deep pink, but none has all three colors. fatare' formed a large drift at the base of its surroundings free of weeds, and it never All the spiraeas in this group can be cut a yellow cypress. It was faced down with looks unkempt. Artemisia 'Powis Castle' back as far as you please in spring, so they golden feverfew (C hrysanthemum par­ needs hard cutting back in very early spring never need outgrow their space. thenium 'Aureum'), but I think I'll sub­ and then looks naked for awhile, soon to Two conifers are the stuff of which la­ stitute the longer-lived golden oregano, become a cloud of gray that tolerates sum­ bor-saving dreams are made. The first I Origanum vulgare 'Aureum' -I've got a mer highs of 100° F and winter lows of ever bought was the golden Chamaecy­ large patch of it needing a home. And per­ 15° F without defoliation. Baptisia per­ paris obtusa 'Crippsii', and I planted it in haps I'll add a few of the good old double foliata intrigues visitors with its little yel­ our English garden in 1957. It grows there orange daylily, 'Kwanso'. Dreams, low pea-flowers and subsequent round pods still, having survived neglectful tenants and dreams ... quaintly centered on the round, glaucous three subsequent owners. It is now fifteen And so we come to perennials, at present leaves threaded on arching stems. It re­ feet high and, so far as I know, has received everybody's dream it seems, but I fear some sembles eucalyptus, and that's what some no care and has never given the slightest of those extensive borders will bring dis- country folk call it. It appears in spring,

American Horticulturist 25 disappears in fall, and gets nothing in be­ without which it will probably sprawl, and ne-upmans htp· tween except admiration. Boltonia 'Snow­ in that case I'll cut it back by half in spring (9 bank' looks like a white-flowered aster but to keep it more compact. Lespedeza thun­ plays a part in doesn't get mildew as much as the asters. bergii 'Albiflora' was an instant success the dreams of most The early flowering Shasta daisy 'May under the same conditions but needs cut­ Queen' increased its marks from five to ting back twice-to the ground just before gardeners. If I'm ten out of ten when I got the real thing new growth c:ommences, reduced again by instead of the seedlings of the wild ox-eye half when it gets two feet high. The list guilty of delight in sold by-so many nurseries under this name. grows long, so I'll wind it up with two "Mums" made up my wedding bouquet, easy-care perennials for shade: the Lenten growing a few things so there's nostalgia in their distinctive scent. rose, Helleborus orientalis, and th€ var­ not commonly seen, They do so much b€tt€f in Virginia's long, iegated Solomon's seal, Polygonatum warm autumns than in England's drizzly odoratum var. thunbergii 'Variegatum'. I plead that, once ones, and each y€ar I add more, choosing late-flowering kinds. Northerners would rasses and ferns keep com­ proven, they are choose the early ones. pany with the perennials, shared.~· One-upmanship plays a part in the adding an €thereal touch. In dreams of most gardeners. If I'm guilty of the shade there are the Japa­ delight in growing a few things not com­ nese painted fern (Athyrium monly seen, I plead that, once proven, they Yniponicum 'Pictum') underplanted with are shared. A promising newcomer of the snowdrops, the Japanese sword fern moment is a pink-flowered form of Cor­ (Dryopteris erythrosora), and a hybrid of eopsis rlJsea (name notwithstanding, some the two which was the gift of a friend. In forms have white flowers) that much re­ the sun there are Pennisetum alopecu­ sembles Coreopsis 'Moonbeam' except in roides and Miscanthus sinensis 'Variega­ color. Of course my dream includes tus', both attractive for most of the year. 'Moonbeam' and the bright yellow forms Japanese blood grass (Imperata cylindrica of C. vertic illata as well. Coreopsis rosea 'Red Baron') is a close runner-up, stunning needs a bit more time-testing, but Gaura for half the year. If only blue lyme grass lindheimeri is a proven success, flowering (Elymus arenarius) weren't so invasive it aU summer, and no bother at all. If plants would be high on my list. I had great hopes have their own dreams, then this orne dreams for gray grass (Agropyron pubiformis), but of sandy soil, full sun, and a hot climate, it browned off this summer as does Hel-

26 December 1988 ictotrichon sempervirens. Dreams and dis­ vines in this category I value most a fo rm appointments-that's gardening-with just of trumpet honeysuckle, Lonicera sem­ enough success to inspire fresh dreams. pervirens 'S uperba'. It is on the front fe nce Annuals had never been my thing (I'd near the mailbox, and I nip off the odd, regarded them in much the same li ght as wayward shoot when I go to pick up the raising a baby through the diaper stage mail. A more thorough annual pruning takes then chucking it out and starting again). an hour or two, done at my convenience Matching dreams to rea li ty, I've changed sometime during the winter. My reward is my mind; annuals are indispensable fo r a sheet of scarlet bloom in ea rly summer keeping color going throughout summer. as backdrop for a hot-color border and a They are needed for plugging temporary smattering of £l owers and red fruits through gaps, for whi ch I know nothing better than the res t of the year. the Portulaca oleracea hybrids. The fl ow­ " It is better to travel hopefully than to ers, an inch or more across, co me in white, arrive." Wise words. If I know in my hea rt pale pink, a yellow verging on apricot, and that my garden will never match the dream, sunset shades both subtle and shockingly no matter; gardens aren't for having, gar­ reams and dis­ brilliant. You need only buy one of a kind, dens are fo r doing. If I do ge t to the Garden "£7\ then you break off a stem, poke it into the of Eden, I will never be content just to si t ;;L/appointments ground, water it once, and off it goes, within and twang my harp-there'll be new pl ants a month making a dense mat smothered to try, new methods to explore, new colors - that's gardening - with flowers. And aU from a root needing to mix and match. At least, that is my no more space than a knitting needl e, and dream. with just enough therefore ideal for overplanting bulbs Pamela Harper, owner of the Harper success to inspire without disturbing them. There is one Horriculrural SLide Library, writes and shortcoming: the fl owers close by ea rly lecrures on horticulrural ro pics. fresh dreams.~' afternoon, staying open longest on over­ cast days. Evolvulus glomeratus 'Blue Daze' is another annual I dote on; it's actually a little shrub, but it cannot stand the slightes t frost. The inch-wide fl owers are of that bright, clear blue that inspired a poet to write: "blue, blue as if the sky let fa ll, a piece of its cerulean wall," or something like that. They are abundantly borne on low, wide-spreading mats of small, neat, grayish leaves. This is not my year for waxing enthu­ siastic about bulbs, because voles chose my garden for this year's summer symposium. In the future, those most vulnerable will be planted in sunken tubs or crates. What will survive remains to be seen, but two bulbs do seem distasteful to rodents: Cy­ clamen hederifolium and the star flower, Ipheion uniflorum. Not all my dream plants are easy-care. When I came back from a two-week trip this past summer and drove down the driveway, a tree wisteria (W. sinensis 'Alba') announced " Look what I did while you were away" as it waved ten-foot tentacles in welcome. All through the hot and humid summer I must spend an hour each week keeping th€se cut off. Sometimes I wonder if it is worth it, but in spring when it be­ comes a fragrant white fountain, its willful ways are forgiven. Besides, it makes the perfect cover for €arly daffodils, so wel­ come in flower, so tawdry in decay, but by then the wisteria has leafed out to con­ ceal the withering leaves beneath. LEFT: Coreopsis rosea . ABOVE: Portulaca oleracea 'Hot Pink'. If there's to be tim€ for dreaming, such high-maintenance plants must be counter­ balanced by others l€ss demanding. Among

American Horticulturist 27 BY ELISABETH SHELDON

ost people picture salvia as I will mention insist on gClod drainage. the ubiquitous annual from Since many of them have hairy stems and Brazil, Salvia splendens, leaves that conserve moisture, they do not whose shaggy spikes of suffer badly during droughts, and since flaming red, whether lining most of them come from stony, compar­ front walks or marching in atively barren sites, they do not require cirdes and squares in parks rich food. and suburban gardens, afflicted our eyes As to hardy salvias, there are actually much of the summer in all parts of the very few of them that can be depended on country. They have been the delight of sub­ to live through a northern winter. Fore­ urbanites, and plant breeders have pro­ most amongst these is a plant of great gar­ duced them tall and short, fat and thin. den value whose origin is in such a state Now they are available in various colors­ of confusion that I have no intention of white, pink, rose, lilac, and purple-yet trying to sort it out. It is a hybrid that is the most popular ones still come from the usually sold as Salvia x superba or S. ne­ garden centers and supermarkets in flats morosa (although it may be S. virgata var. labded 'Red Blazer' or 'Early Bonfire'. nemorosa), a very fine individual that grows But salvia, which means sage, com­ from two to three feet tall and carries its prises a whole world of plants that wouldn't red-violet spikes for many weeks starting remind the average observer, even faintly, in June. These spikes, emerging from a ABOVE: Salvia viridis has larger, more of members of the red tide that has been low, woody tuft of pungent, crenulate, showy blossoms compared to other salvias. Prominent green veins appear through the loosed on us by Salvia splendens. There leathery leaves, are close-set with wine-red petals, enhancing their boldness and color. are such charming plants amongst them bracts and purple-violet corollas. One RIGHT: Standing erect on eighteen-inch that in discussing them the real salvia fan problem is that as the flower spikes finish stems, Salvia farinacea 'Victoria' creates a scarcely knows where to begin. Or where their performance they remain a nice, wine­ stunning border of intense purple-blue to stop. dregs color that still contributes positively flowers. Victoria has the added bonus of drying to a pale Wedgwood blue, perfect for Salvi as are of the Labiatae or Mint to the garden, making it difficult to force dried floral arrangements. family. Many but not all species of Labia­ oneself to remove them. tae are aromatic; savory, marjoram, thyme, If, however, one courageously cuts off balm, and the mints are cultivated herbs each spike separately at its base, fresh from this family. The 750 species of the flowers will continue to spring up way into genus Salvia include annuals, biennials, fall. There are several cultivars of this plant perennials, shrubs, and sub shrubs, of which for sale, all of them shorter than the orig­ some of the leaves are used for flavoring. inal except for 'Blue Queen', which when They come from all over the temperate and raised from seed seems to me to be iden­ tropical regions of the earth and many are tical to S. x superba itself. 'East Friesland' native to the Americas. Like other mem­ (' Ostfriesland') is around sixteen inches, bers of their family they have dragon's head nicely compact, and 'May Night' {'Main­ blossoms, lipped and hooded; their leaves acht') is said by one grower to be twelve are opposite;' their flowers are in whorls; to fourteen inches and by another eighteen and their stems are usually square. inches. I have not yet obtained it but would All salvias want full sun, or as close like to as it is described enthusiastically by to it as possible, and all but one of those one and all. Both Salvia x superba and

28 December 1988

the cultivar 'Blue Queen' can be grown If you have ever seen th€ celestial blue blos­ easily from seed. The other two are avail­ soms of this salvia you won't wonder why able from nurseri€s, or you might persuade someone would make such an effort to friends to divide their specimens this spring. control it. Their gardens will be the better for it for There is another sage that's reputedly S. X superba, like so many plants, holds hardy-Salvia jurisicii from Yugoslavia. its flower stems up straighter if it is divid€d Twdve to eighte€n inches tall, d€pending fairly regularly. on what book you are using for r:derence, and spr€ading itself wide, its stems carry side from the culinary sage, Sal­ spikes of upsid€-down, violet-blue flowers. via officinalis, there seems to be I don't know why they are upside-dowN, only one other truly hardy sal­ but they're not the only plant with this via readily available, S. azurea habit, as there is even a word for it­ var. grandiflora, also sold as S. resupinate. pitcheri, an American native Salvia haematodes, (which Hortus found from South Carolina to Thir:d lists as S. pratensis, the Europ€an Texas. In Taylor's Guide to Perennials it meadow clary), is such a fine plant that it is said to be suitable for USDA Zone 6, is a pity it must be treated as a bi€nnial,

TOP, LEFT: A native of California, Salvia but needs protectiON in winter. Here on at least in cold climates. It's one of those clevelandii can be used as a substitute f0r the colder edge of Zone 5, it overwinters salvi as that send two-to-three-foot, almost culinary sage. easily, so I am inclined to think that Taylor leafless, branched candelabra flower stems TOP, MIDDLE: Perfect for damp soils, Salvia uliginosa has clear blue flowers that last for is overprudent in this case. This salvia is up from a basal rosett€ of large, coars€, many weeks. one I wouldn't be without, although I am wrinkled, hairy leaves. The flowers are of TOP, RIGHT: Salvia haematodes (syn. S. far from having solved th€ problem of a cloudy pale lavender, highly aromatic pratensis) creates an airy effect in lavender keeping it erect--or even of helping it to and lov€d by bees. I som€times like to put with its tall, leafless spikes of flowers. flop gracefully. The books say to cut it these in front of a mass of Delphinium OPPOSITE: A cultivar of the culinary sage, 'Bellamosum'. Of course, wh€n the show Salvia officinalis 'Purpurescens' can be used back by half when it's about fifteen inches as a purple accent in the garden as well as a high, but since it already blooms so late is over aNd the salvi as and delphiniums pungent herb in the kitchen. that it is always hit by frost in the midst must be cut back, you hav€ a problem area, of its splendor, should one really delay it at least until th€ delphiniums send up new further by cutting it back? So far, I haven't spikes. Sp€cial cultivars of S. haematodes dared try. I have attempted to stake it and are in circulation-'Indigo' and 'Midsum­ last y€ar grew it through metal hoops, but mer', dark aNd pale indigo, r€spectively. I I can't say it looked at its ease either way. wonder if they come true from seed. I'd Its long, slender stems just refuse to co­ hate to buy a plant only to have it dis­ operate, and its small, slim, pointed leaves appear duriNg the winter, leaving no young don't even begin to conceal any part of that resembled it. one's pathetic prosthetic devices. Next year Th€ frankly biennial Salvia sciarea, or (how often we gardeNers say "next year") clary sage, is very similar to S. haematodes; I'm going to use the hoops again and plant in fact, the only way to tell th€ seedlings bushy things around the base of the plants. apart is that the clary leaf is somewhat

30 December 1988 shorter and rounder. It attains the same there are two salvias from Mexico that 1 blue flowers. This salvia likes damp soil. height as S. haematodes and has the same adore-So involucrata and S. leucantha. Most years 1 grow the blazing blue S. growth habits but its flowers are less at­ From small rooted cuttings they form, in patens, whose single, two-inch, claw-shaped tractive, being whitish and lilac except for one summer, healthy small shrubs. S. leu­ flowers are a garden treasure. This has S. sclarea var. turkestaniana, which is a cantha has pointed, linear leaves, woolly been described as a "compact plant," but very handsome variety with white and pink white on the underside with woolly ra­ in my garden it grows two and a half feet flowers. Clary sage is a most useful herb cemes of white flowers encased in violet­ long and makes use of its neighbors for and has long been the source of an aro­ purple ca lyces. It is pungent, but pleasantly support. I have found, though, that if 1 cut matic oil that is used medicinally and for so. S. involucrata has vivid green, toothed, back the long trailing stems after they've flavoring wines and perfume. velvety leaves on dark red stems and in finished blooming, th e plant bushes out The basal rosette of Sa /via argentea is inflorescence produces pink knobs whi ch near the ground, sending up shorter and almost startling as to size and texture. The are the bracts surrounding buds that burst more numerous blossoming stems. This thick, irregularly-lobed, furry, silver leaves forth into large cerise-crimson flowers. I salvia must be lifted before a frost, if you are about a foot long. You should plant it planted one last summer to grow up through want to hang on to it, and its tuberous near the front of the border so that these a 'New Dawn' rose, which is a most re­ roots plunged into a box or bucket of sand leaves can be seen and appreciated. Many strained pearly-pink. The explosions of and peat. By doing this it can wait for American gardeners cut off the tall, uninhibited Mexican color in its midst were spring in a cool basement if kept slightly branching stems with their white flowers just what that rose needed. The branches moist. Do not plant S. patens out until (grey-white calyx and white hood), but most British gardeners consider the plant statuesque and let the flowers remain. S. argentea is one of those exasperating plants that we are told is a perennial but should be treated like a biennial. Even though it comes from Spain, the Balkans, and Asia Minor, Sa /via officin­ a/is, our culinary sage, is hardy. It will grow over two feet high and needs trim­ ming back only in spring to remain tidy. The dwarf form, 'Compacta', is also hardy and makes a fine grey border plant. There are other beautiful cultivars- whether hy­ brids or not 1 do not know-but the sad fact is none of them is hardy here. S. of­ ficina/is 'Purpurascens ' is deep purple overlaid with grey, 'Icterina' is yellow and grey, but the best to my mind is 'Tricolor', a heady combination of red, pink, cream, grey, and purple. 1 find it so gorgeous 1 am willing to pot it and overwinter it in the cold frame or the glassed-in back porch.

ots of herb gardeners grow pine­ apple sage, S. elegans (syn. S. ru­ ti/ans), although it can't be win­ tered over out-of-doors north of Zones 9-10. The light green, ovate- pointed, deliciously fragrant leaves are very good in fruit drinks and of S. involucrata go to such extravagant you're very sure the frosts have finished salads during the summer and it makes an lengths that they are inclined to break off or it will not bloom. And if you have thought attractive three-to-four-foot branching next to the main stem, so the support of you were safe and have planted it and frost plant. The maddening thing about it is that the rose is helpful. Cuttings can be taken is predicted, rush out before nightfall and its slender, velvety, scarlet flowers don't of both these salvi as before the weather cover it with heavy pots or baskets. (I bring emerge until just before the first frost when, turns cold and rooted indoors for garden my buckets up to the back porch around of course, the whole structure collapses planting in the spring. 1 don't know whether the middle of April so that the new shoots like lettuce under boiling water. Pineapple or not S. leucantha will root in water, but that have emerged can have light.) sage cuttings root readily, however, even S. involucrata will. Another way to have S. patens every in water, especially if you take them in There is a South American native, year is to gather the seeds and plant them spring or summer. Salvia uliginosa, that 1 suppose would in flats indoors every spring. If you get Salvia clevelandii, from California, is flourish year-round in our southern states them started early in March your plants admired by many and is even used as a but in my area must be grown as an annual. will be big enough to set out after cold substitute for S. officinalis in cooking. It It reaches five feet or more and needs sup­ weather and will bloom for you from mid­ is admittedly a stunning grey plant, but 1 port in the form of a fence or shrubs over summer on into late fall. You must be at­ personally find its odor most offensive. But which it can fling its long sprays of true tentive about gathering the seed in time,

American Horticulturist 31 SAL VIAS GARDENS OF KYOTO

as it disperses itself almost before it is dry. Continued from page 21 teen bridges of differing design, is consid­ Pinch the little open-mouthed calyces that life, is stopped abruptly by the dam below ered one of the most beautiful in all of are left along the stem after the flowers the bridge, which symbolizes doubt, and Japan. Small, wooded patches were es­ have dropped and quickly pull off the ones finally flows over the dam into a wider tablished on the slopes around the lake, that still have seed in them, even if they river of calm understanding, where the and each patch features a different plant. are still a bit green. You can let them dry Treasure Boat of life's experiences resides. One slope is dominated by cycads (Cycas in a paper bag before storing them. revoluta), another is covered with small­ The annual mealy-cup sage, Salvia he motif of water continues in the leaved maples. Still others are planted with farinacea, is seen in gardens now more other, less intricate gardens of winter bamboo, cryptomeria, and pine trees. often than formerly. The old 'Blue Bedder', T Daisen-in: the calm central sea with Stones are important at Katsura. They which is really lavender not blue, grows its raked sand, large beautifully propor­ are arranged in intricate designs to create to a bushy thirty inches and holds its many tioned rocks, and the often-imitated Great attractive garden paths. The pavement is spikes erect. The newer 'Victoria' is a more Sea where the river ends its flow. A wide particularly known for its precisely cut intense purple or violet-blue and remains expanse of white sand carefully raked in stones, which are combined with natural at about eighteen inches. They are both long lines paralleling the building contains stones to create harmonious patterns. Our good border plants, harmonizing well with two, three-foot high, conical heaps of sand guide showed us several different garden most perennials, and they have the extra in the center with a border of two clipped paths, some no more than well-placed virtue of drying to a Wedgwood blue. In hedges, one slightly higher than the other, stepping stones, but all pleasing to the eye. winter bouquets, sprays of this salvia are and a line of trees behind. According to usually taken for lavender. one interpretation, this garden symbolizes few small, thatched-roofed pavil­ Another annual, S. viridis, until re­ the life of meditation; the sand heaps are ions used for the tea ceremony, for cently S. horminum, is a good one to try. greed and avarice overcome by the ocean A study, or for contemplation are It produces racemes of colored bracts that of eternity. carefully situated for optimal lake-view­ are most interesting, usually in plum-grey To our Western eyes, the Daisen-in gar­ ing. Three of these pavilions were built by colors, but now the catalogs show pictures den was unlike any other garden we had Toshito, who died when his son was only of these "flowers" in shades of brilliant ever seen-a garden whose beauty was ten years old. Toshitada continued his pink and purple as well as white. They are wholly dependent on the placement of un­ father's work thirteen years later, encour­ said to dry well, but I can't testify to that. usual stones. Yet the memory of the stones aged by one of his father's wives who told People write about Salvia glutinosa or of Daisen-in will remain long after tradi­ him of Toshito's unfinished plans. Tosh­ jupiter's beard, describing this hardy three­ tional Western gardens resplendent with itada added lookouts for distant vistas, a foot perennial from Europe and Asia as flowers and shrubs and wide expanses of fourth tea house, and a small shrine that being robust and bushy with a dense and lawn have faded from our minds. contains the family's mortuary tablets. But spreading growth and carrying short spikes The last garden we saw, at the Katsura Toshitada's greatest innovation-those di­ of pale yellow, lipped flowers. Some gar­ Imperial Villa built in the Edo period, was verse, stone paths winding around the gar­ deners recommend it as useful for rough also heavily influenced by Zen, but in this dens and past the buildings-led to a whole places, and it is said to have handsome case itwas the tea ceremony, first practiced new concept of Japanese gardening, the foliage. I wonder why one doesn't see it and developed by Zen monks, that gave stroll garden. very often. rise to the beautifully landscaped tea gar­ Tourists are allowed to see Katsura only The next one I want to try is S. coc­ dens. Constructed in the early seventeenth through advance reservations. David had cinea. I saw it at the Wave Hill Center for century by Prince Toshito and his son arranged for us to take an English-lan­ Environmental Studies in New York in the Toshitada, it also embodies the three com­ guage tour that covers all the high points extensive salvia collection in their herb ponents of a Japanese garden - trees, stones, of the garden, including the twenty-three garden. Since it is bright red, you might and water. Like Heian gardens, it includes original stone lanterns, each in a different wonder why I want it after fulminating the distant landscape in its design, as well design, and the light stone water basins, against S. splendens. But this one is much as a large lake, winding paths, small hills, also each different. The basins were used more subtle, spacing out its small, velvety, and bridges over the water. for the ritual washing of hands before en­ scarlet blooms on slender, black, three­ Prince Toshito, the younger brother of tering the tea ceremony rooms. foot stems. It also has "aromatic, downy, the emperor Goyozei, was a cultured man Katsura is an imperial villa, so it has heart-shaped leaves." There are cultivars interested in literature, art, architecture, been well cared for and looks exactly as of this-'Bicolor' is one in white and pink­ gardening, the tea ceremony, and flower it did over three centuries ago when it was but I want the red species. Because it is arranging and who believed that garden built at the beginning of the Edo period. from a warmer climate, I'll have to grow planning was a proper pastime for a Because it so perfectly embodies all the it as an annual. Maybe-just maybe-it gentleman. Although he did most of the elements of a Japanese garden, it was a will seed itself around and I can gather the planning himself, with some suggestions fitting climax to our brief course in Jap­ seeds and keep it going in my garden year from others, the garden was actually con­ anese religion, art, architecture, and gar­ after year. structed by hundreds of workmen who dug dening-all so interrelated in Japanese cul­ the two-acre lake and built an island of ture and history. Elisabeth Sheldon is working on a book for publication in 1989 which will include this the surplus soil that is thirty feet high, 200 article and others she has written for feet long, and ninety feet wide. The lake, Marcia Bonta is a frequent contributor to American Horticulturist. which is spannned by no fewer than six- American Horticulturist.

32 December 1988 r-CliP&Mall-----, I ORCHIDS. I I The Ultimate I I in House Plants! I Grow and enjoy orchids, the most beautiful I Sources I flowers in the world, in your own home. We'll show you how. Orchids can now be grown I I by anyone who is able to grow even the sIm- plest of plants. Through our Plant-a-Month I Busse Gardens, Rt. 2, Box 13, 635 East I Club you will receive a different plant each Softening the Bauhaus Style month, with instructions for care. Buy one I 7th St., Cokato, MN 55321, send $2.00 plant or many. No obligation. These nurseries offer many of the plants I for catalog. used by Mathewson in her garden designs. Carroll Gardens, 444 East Main St., West­ I I Canyon Creek Nursery, 3527 Dry Creek minster, MD 21157, send $2.00 for their Rd ., Oroville, CA 95965, $1.00 for cat­ I I catalog. alog. Forestfarm, 990 Tetherow Rd., Williams, Gossler Farm Nursery, 1200 Weaver Rd ., I I OR 97544, catalog is $2.00. Springfield, OR 97477, $1.00 for ca t­ Wayside Gardens, One Garden Lane, I I alog. Hodges, SC 29695, catalog is free. Russell Graham, 4030 Eagle Crest Rd ., I For free brochure simply call I N .W., Salem, OR 97304, catalog is Salvias I TOLL FREE 1-800-621.-5199 I $2.00, refundable upon first order. (In lllinoisl-BOO-972-5855) I The following companies se ll salvia plants. or mail this coupon. Sonoma Horticultural Nursery, 3970 I Canyon Creek Nursery, 3527 Dry Creek Azalea Ave ., Sebastopol, CA 95472, Orchid Plant-a-Month Club I Rd ., Oroville, CA 95965, catalog $1.00. I catalog is $1.50. I Box 296, Depl AHa, Goldens Bridge, N.Y. 10526 I Carroll Gardens, 444 East Main St., West­ A good source for phormiums is Callender minster, MD 21157, catalog $2.00. Name Nursery located at 1371 Marian Ave., (pleue print ) I Crownsville Nursery, P.O. Box 797, Adill~s ______Chico, CA 95928; (916) 342-4355. I Crownsville, MD 21032, catalog $2.00, Western Hills Rare Plant Nursery is a large, G~ refundable upon first order. I I well-known nursery in California; how­ Lamb Nurseries, E. 101 Sharp Ave., Spo­ I State Zip I ever it does not ship plants. Visit them kane, WA 99202, ca talog free. at 1'6250 Coleman Valley Rd ., Occi­ Logee's Greenhouses, 55 North St., Dan­ ------dental, CA 95465; (707) 874-3731. ielson CT 06239, catalog $3.00. Arizona's Showcase for Desert Plants Montro~e Nursery, P.O. Box 957, Hills­ borough, NC 27278, catalog $1.50. These nurseries specialize in cacti and suc­ Sunnybrook Farms, P.O. Box 6, 9448 culents. Mayfield Rd., Chesterland, OH 44026, Cactus Gem Nursery, 10092 Mann Dr., catalog $1.00. Cupertino, CA 95014, publishes a Andre Viette Farm & Nursery, Route 1, We Grow newsletter with price list for $3.00 a Box 16, Fishersville, VA 22939, catalog Beautiful Perennials year. . $2.00. At A Price ~ Will Like!!! Grigsby Cactus Gardens, 2354 Bella Vista White Flower Farm, Route 63, Litchfield, The plants that return to bloom season Dr., Vista, CA 92084, catalog IS $2.00 CT 06759-0050. after season for years of easy pleasure, and is delivered with a $2.00 credit to­ our specialty ... Perennials. The following companies offer salvia seed. ward first order. Thompson & Morgan, P.O. Box 1308, White Iberis for early spring, Highland Succulents, Eureka Star Route, Jackson, NJ 08527, catalog free. summer's perky Shasta Daisies and Box 133AH, Gallipolis, OH 45631, cat­ fall for blooming Chrysanthemums ... ].L. Hudson, Seedsman, P.O. Box 1058, alog is $2.00. Perennials beautify your home. Redwood City, CA, 94064 catalog $1.00. Bluestone grows over 300 varieties For Year-round Color, Choose Pieris The Christmas Cactus of perennials which are shipped in Cultivars and varieties of Pieris are avail­ full growth - easy to plant and each The following nurseries have many culti­ plant guaranteed. able from these nurseries. vars of Schlumbergera for sale. Carroll Gardens, 444 East Main St., West­ Send for our free catalog. We will be Rainbow Gardens, Dept. AH128, 1444 E. minster, MD 21157, $2.00 for catalog. pleased to hear from you. Taylor St., Vista, CA 92084, catalog Cummins Garden, 22 Robertsville Rd., $2.00. Name ______Marlboro, NJ 07746, catalog is $1.00, Greenlife Gardens, 101 County Line Rd., credited towards first order. Address ______Griffin, GA 30223, catalog $2.00. Foxborough Nursery, 3611 Miller Rd., ______State ______Street, MD 21154, catalog is $1.00. Zip, ______Pamela Harper's Dream Garden Correction: On page 30 in the October is­ sue, the photo caption should have said 7225 Middle Many of the plants des€ribed in Pamela that Acer tataricum has samaras that ap­ Ridge Rd. Harper's garden are available from the pear from late spring to mid-summer. Madison, companies listed below. Ohio 44057

American Horticulturist 33 Book Reviews

My Weeds Sara B. Stein. Illustrations by Ippy Patterson. Harper & Row, Nw York. 1988. 229 pages, 319.95. AHS member price, 315.95. Through the never-ending act of we€:ding, Sara Stein explores her garden and the plant world in depth. Her tremendous curiosity sends her on botanical adventures where she discovers facts about propagation, anatomy, photosynthesis, and germina­ tion as well as evolution and succession. She has grown more "intimate by far with the corded twining of honeysuckle ... than with clematis that has grown for years be­ side the kitchen door" and she now has a tremendous respect for weeds as plants in their own right. Each chapter starts off with one of Stein's personal observations or experiences. De­ a scribing wild garlic in the early spring, she '9urdenerd notices the aerial bulbs that can reproduce 73otu!!!J and disseminate 300 more garlic plants per head. She describes them as "slippery little devils that played hide and seek with my fingers" and writes about vegetative prop­ agation and how 300 new clones will es­ tablish nhemselves. As she weeds the garlic plants out of her garden, she continues her discussion on genetic information and how each plant cell contains the necessary cod­ ing to produce a new plant. At the end of the chapter she ties this information with plant propagatioN and survival, thus en­ abling tbe reader to understand how and why a plant reproduces itself as it does. As a result of her frustrations and joys with different weeding tools, she devotes technical facts on photosynthesis as she into the local history and old photographs an entire chapter to the different kinds that looks at a dandelion leaf and puts it iNto and discovered that there were clean are on the market today and in her simple a persepctive that the common gardener meadows years ago, but as people moved but direct manner desctibes their advan­ can understand. In the same manner, her away, the weeds took over and trees started tages as well as their disadvantages. Stein father's compost heap is the catalyst for a to grow. The transition of farm to forest acknowledges that "the real work is weed­ discussion on soil, water, nutFients, and illustrates the theory of succession and ing" and she gives very informative and microorganisms. All this leads to fasci­ makes her realize that her own personal practical information on how to use th€: nating relevations about plants, their means garden is a temporary phase in this cycle, tools, which are best for the job, and where for living, surviving, and reproducing. which she keeps in check by weeding. to obtain good tools. Gardeners who read this book will develop My Weeds is illustrated by Ippy Patter­ Another chapter begins with her black the same respect and appreciation of a son with line drawings of weeds as well as plastic approach to killing weeds before plant's complex mechanisms as the author garden tools. Stein has included a weed list planting roses. This triggers her curiosity has. (in both botanical and common name or­ as to why the plastic is effective. How does Stein explores the theories of succession der) as well as a subject index. It is im­ it kill weeds? How does photosynthesis when she looks around her town and sees portant to not€: that this is not a book for work? Why do plants need light and car­ the wild growth of plant material on the procedures on how to eliminate weeds, in bon dioxide? She effectively ties in the forgotten farms and meadows. She delved fact specific wltural control is barely

34 December 1988 r------{(I Ii } I,-----_ ~ BIRDS & SEALS rSLAND FLOWERS BEAUTIFUL GARDENS Tours in ENGLAND, SCOTLAND & WALES touched upon. This book will give the reader Pilbeam describes each of the genera briefly (Bon viveur, budget Or self drive) an in-depth understanding and respect for but extremely well, and includes cultural Other intriguing themes include:­ HUNTING FOR ANTIQUES weeds as plants In an enjoyable and in­ notes where appropriate. The named spe­ KIPLING' BLOOMSBURY • OPERA fo rmative way. cies are listed for each of the genera. Of CATHEDRALS ' GOURMET -Peggy Lytton paramount va lue to th e coll ector is the list PREHISTORIC HERITAGE of species recommended for co ll ection and IDENTIFYING FUNGI Peggy Lytton is assistant editor for the connoisseur's choice (Aristocacti) for CHRISTMAS & NEW YEAR horticulture for American Horticulturist. each genus. As Pilbea m observes, it is those For brochure call Mary Anne Johnston most difficult to grow-the Aristocacti­ 1-800-662- 1267. (Local 919-852-8400) or mail th is coupon to:­ Cacti for the Connoisseur: A Guide for that most often take home the prizes at BARNETT TRAVEL TOURS & CRU1SES Growers and Collectors the cacrus shows. 560 1 Roanne Way, PO Box 19505, john Pi/beam Timber Press, Portland, Oregon. With 160 color photographs of these _~ _ ~~E~~~O~c:., ~~_?~4~ ____ _ 1987. 167 pages, $44.95. AHS member price, handsome plants and many more pictures Name ...... 538.20. in black and white, Cacti for the Con­ noisseur will not only be thoroughly sa t­ Address ...... This is another excellent plant book from isfying to the adva nced cactus collector, City ...... Stale .. ... Zip ...... Timber Press, which has published so many but it will be a va lu able source of infor­ Phone ...... excellent horticultural books. mation and inspiration for those just be­ The author's credentials include being a coming acquainted wi th the cacti. Jmrrrtr 'lEnglanb ~OUr5 qualified judge fo r the British Cactus and -Anthony J. Halterlein Maricote. Brighton Rd, Lewes, BN7 IEB. o ENGLAND Succulent Society and an elected member Tel : 273-476962 TX 877412. Fax 273-475392. of the prestigious International Organi­ Anthony J. Halrerlein is curator of River zation for Succulent Plant Srudy. Although Farm, the headquarters of the American Horticultural Society. Pilbeam's principal objective in writing the book is to provide information for the en­ thusiast who wants to know the choicest I------~ cacti to grow, it also provides excellent information on cacrus culture and classi­ I Book Order Fonn I fication that will be of value to anyone with an interest in growing cacti. Please send me the following books at the special AHS member prices: Pilbeam begins his book with a short but well presented section on general cul­ OMy Weeds rure which, however, could have been bet­ Sara B. Stein ...... $15.95 HAROW06070 ter had it included some information on o Cacti for the Connoisseur light requirements. The author cautions John Pilbeam ...... $38.20 that once the initiate graduates to the more TIMBR 06090 choice cacti he will find that general cul­ I would like to order books. ture information will have to be more finely Please add $2.50 per book for postage and tuned. This is good advice. These choice handling. Virginia residents, also add 41/2% sales tax. Please allow six weeks for delivery. cacti are what the author refers to as "Ar­ Enclosed is my cbeck for $ ______istocacti." The Aristocacti are those that or cbarge to: come from the harsher environments and usually present more difficult cultural o VISA 0 MasterCard Exp. Date ____ problems. They won't tolerate substand­ Acct. # ______ard care that the more common cacti can Please send your value-packed • Signature ______p------• catalog. I enclose $2, deductible .. endure. • on my first catalog order. • There is a brief section on classification Ship to: ______and another on distribution and mor­ • Name • Street: ______phology before the author launches into • St.lRFD • Ciry: ______the main purpose of th€ book, a commen­ • City State~ip_ • tary on the genera. And an excellent com­ State: ______Zip: _____ II send to: • mentary it is. Beginning alphabetically with MAIL TO: Robin Williams, AHS, P.O. Box • GILBERT H. WILD & SON, INC. • Acanthocalycium and concluding with AH-1288 Joplin St. • Sarcoxie, MO 64862 • L-1 0105,______Mount Vernon, VA 22121. -.JI Zygocactus (now called Schlumbergera), ..••••••••••

American Horticulturist 35 Pronunciation Guide

Abutilon hybridum Dryopteris erythrosora ah-BEW-tih-lon HY-brid-um dry-OP-ter-iss e-rith-ro-SO-ra Acacia ah-KA Y-see-ah Echinocactus grusonii Acer palmatum AY-ser pal-MAY-tum ee-kine-oh-KAK-tus gru-SON-ee-eye Agropyron pubiformus Elymus arenarius ag-ro-PI-ron pu-be-FORM-us E-li-mus a-ray-NAH-ree-us Aloe zanzibanca Encelia farinosa THE HERB COMPANION AL-oh zan-see-BANK-a en-CEL-ee-ah far-in-OH-sah A colorful new manazine on growing and Amsonia am-SO-nee-ah Erodium chamaedryoides using herbs. Six issues, $21.00/year. Send for Arcterica nana air-ROW-dee-um kam-ee-DRY-awds your subscription today! Write: ark-TEAR-rick-ka NA-nah Eucalyptus you-ka-LIP-tuss INTERWEAVE PRESS, 306 N. Washington Artemisia ar-tay-MIS-ee-a Euphorbia characias Ave. , Dept. AH, Loveland, CO 80537. Asarum caudatum yew-FOR-bee-ah ka-RA-kee-ahs ass-AIR-urn caw-DA Y-tum Evolvulus glomeratus Aspidium capense ee-VOLV-yew-Ius gloe-mer-RAT-us az-PIM-dee-um kah-PENZ Ferocactus fe-ro-KAK-tus These beautiful , ~ , scissors are made to last a li'etime. In production Asplenium bulbiferum Gaura lindheimeri I ::.:.:;::__ .. ,~-:lo:-r o:::v:-;e~r3;;.:00 years. For d~l i cate a-SPLA Y-nee-um bul-BI-fe-rum GAU-rah lind-HEIM-er-eye " flowerwor1<...... ~ i===-OIor heavy pruning Athyrium goeringianum Hedera helix Very Sharp, A hardworking beauty. ah-THIGH-ree-um gair-rinj-ee-A Y-num HEAD-er-ah HE-licks Send $6.98 ea. Mt. Rushmore Supply Azara microphylla Helictotrichon sempervirens Box 233 Brooklyn NY 11222-0233 a-ZAH-ra my-crow-FILL-ah he-lik -to-TRI-kon sem-per-VIE-renz Baptisia perfoliata Helleborus orientalis bap-TIS-ee-a per-fol-ee-A Y-tah hell-eh-BORE-us or-ee-en-TA Y-liss B. x gladwynensis Idria columnaris BER-ber-is glad-win-EN-sis ID-ree-a ko-LUM-nair-us Berberis thunbergii Imperata cylindrica BER-ber-is thun-BERGEree-eye em-pur-A-tah si-LIN-dri-ka Boltonia bowl-TONE-ee-ah Ipheion uniflorum Bougainvillea boo-gan-VIL-lee-a i-FA Y-on ew-ni-FLO-rum Bulbine prutescens Iris siberica EYE-ris sigh-BEER-ih-ka bul-BEE-nay proo-TESS-sens Kniphofia uvaria Camellia sasanqua knip-HO-fee-ah oo-VAH-ree-a kah-MEAL-yah sah-SANK-quah Lagerstroemia fauriei LANDSCAPE Cassia KASS-ee-ah lah-ger-STRURM-ee-a FAW-ree-eye DESIGN PROGRAMS Chamaecyparis obtusa L. indica L. IN-di-ka Live, work, and study at the magnificent kam-ee-SIP-er-us ob-TOO-sah Lespedeza thunbergii Chateau de La Napoule on the French C. pisifera C. pih-SIFF-er-ah les-pe-DEE-za thun-BERGE-ee-eye Riviera, Comprehensive programs in Chrysanthemum parthenium Lithops LITH-ops Landscape design. (in English) kris-AN-thah-mum par-THEN-ee-um Lonicera sempervirens SPRING WORKSHOP May 4-14, 1989 Coreopsis rosea low-NISS-er-ah sem-per-VIE-renz An intensive lO-day program for core-ee-OP-sis ROSE-ee-ah Lophocereus schottii beginners and those who wish to review C. verticillata C. ver-tiss-ill-A Y-tah lo-fo-SEAR-ee-us SHOotee-eye fundamental design principles, Faculty Cornus alba KOR-nus AL-bah Mammillaria compressa led by JOHN BROOKES C. florida C. FLOOR-ih-da mam-ill-AIR-ee-ah kom-PRES-a SUMMER WORKSHOP C. kousa C. KOO-sah M. heyderi M. HA Y-da-ree August 5-26, 1989 Cotinus coggygria Miscanthus sinensis The fourth annual3-week program for koe-TY-nus ko-JY-gree-ah mis-CAN-thuss sin-EN-sis landscape architects, designers, graduate Crocosmia kro-KOS-mee-ah Myosotis my-oh-SO-tiss & advanced undergraduate students. Cryptomeria krip-toe-MEER-ee-ah Nandina domestica Faculty: JOHN BROOKES Cupressus sempervirens nahn-DEEN-ah do-MESS-ti-kah JAMES VAN SWEDEN and kew-PRESS-us sem-per-VIE-renz Olneya tesota OL-nee-ah tee-SOE-tah GERALDINE WEINSTEIN Cycas revoluta Opuntia phaeacantha SY-kus rev-oh-LUTE-ah oh-PUN-tee-ah fee-ah-KAN-thah LA NAPOULE ART FOUNDATION Suite 411A, 217 East 85th Street Cyclamen hederifolium Origanum vulgare New York, New York 10028 SYKE-lah-men head-er-i-FOE-lee-um or-IG-ah-num vul-GAIR-ee (2U) 628-2996 Dracaena indivisa Osmanthus fragrans drah-SEE-nah in-di-VIE-zah oz-MAN-thuss FRAY-grenz

36 December 1988 r------, : GOPHER IT! I Eliminate Burrowing I Rodents : At last an effective I means to rid the yard I and garden of Gophers, Moles and Shrews. Pachycereus pringlei S. horminum S. hor-MYE-num pa-kee-SEAR-ee-us PRlNG-lay S. involucrata Papaver nudicaule S. in-vol-yew-KRA Y-ruh PAH-pav-er new-di-CALL-ee S. iurisicii S. jur-iss-ISS-ee-eye Peniocereus greggii S. leucantha S. lew-KANTH-uh NEW pen-ee-o-SEAR-ee-us GREG-ee-eye S. nemorosa S. nem-or-ROH-s uh The Pennisetum alopecuroides S. officina lis pen-iss-SEE-rurn al-o-pe-cure-oh-EYE-deez S. off-iss-in-NA Y- liss electronic Pereskia pe-RES-kee-a S. patens S. PA Y-tenz stake vibrates Phormium FORM-ee-um S. pitcheri S. PIT-cher-eye Pieris cubensis S. pratensis S. pray-TEN-siss and emits a noise pee-AIR-iss (or PYE-er-iss) koo-BEN-sis S. rutilans S. ROOT-il-anz in 15 second intervals P. (loribunda P. fl or-i-B UN-da S. sclarea S. SCLA-ree-uh causing underground P. formosa P. for-MOE-sa S. splendens S. SPLEN-denz P. japonica P. jah-PON-ih-kah S. x superba S. soo-PERB-uh dwellers within 1000 P. koidzumiana S. uliginosa square yards to flee . P. koyd-ZOOM-ee-a-na S. yew-Lij-in-NOH-suh P. nana P. NA-nah S. virgata S. ver-JA-tah Has been proven effective. P. phillyreifolia P. phi-le-re-FOL-ee-a S. viridis S. VIHR-id-iss P. swinhoei P. SWEEN-oh-ay Saxifraga stolonifera P. taiwanensis P. tie-wahn-EN-sis sacks-ih-FRAJ-ah srow-low-NIH-fer-ah P. yakusimana P. ya -koo-see-MAH-na Schlumbergera bridgesii Podocarpus henkelii schlum-BER-jer-ah bri-jez-ee-eye pod-o-KAR-pus HEN-kel-ee-eye S. x buckleyi S. BUK-lee-ee Polygonatum odoratum S. gaertneri S. GAIRT-na-ree po-li-go-NAH-rum o-do-RAH-rum S. russelliana S. russ-ell-ee-A-nah Protect your Lawn, Poncirus trifoliata S. truncata S. trun-KA Y-ta pon-SIGH-rus try-foe-lee-A Y-tah Sedum SEE-dum Garden and 'frees. Portulaca oleracea Senecio x hybridus por-tew-LACK-ah o-ler-A-see-ah sen-EE-see-oh x HY-brid-us FEATURES Prosopis suli(lora Soleirolia soleirolii pro-SO-pis soo-lee-FLOOR-ah soe-lie-ROLL-ee-ah soe-lie-ROLL-ee-eye • No more gas, traps or Prunus PRUNE-us Spiraea x bumalda Pyrus kawakamii spy-REE-ah bew-MALL-da pOlson. PIE-rus ka-wah-KAH-mee-eye S. douglasii S. dug-LAH-see-eye • Safe for children and pets. Rathbunia alamosensis S. japonica S. jah-PON-ih-kah rath-BOON-ee-a al-a-moe-SENZ-sis S. trilobata S. try-low-BAH-tah • Each stake is effective for Rhipsalidopsis gaertneri S. x vanhouttei S. x va n-HOOT-ee-eye rip-sa-li-DOPS-is GAIRT-na-ree Stenocereus thurberi 1000 square yards. Rhododendron yakusimanum sten-o-SEAR-ee-us THUR-ber-eye • Battery powered ro-do-DEN-dron ya-koo-see-MAH-num S. erucu S. er-OO-ka Rosa banksiae ROW-sah BANK-see-ee Tiarella cordifolia (4 "0" cell - not included). Rudbeckia fulgida tee-ah-RELL-ah core-dih-FOE-lee-ah • Waterproof. rude-BECK-ee-ah FULL-jid-ah Tibouchina urvilleana Ruellia peninsularia ti-boo-CHEE-na ur-vil-ee-AH-na • No servicing required. rue-ELL-ee-ah pen-IN-soo-lair-ee-ah Viburnum plicatum Sagina subulata vie-BUR-num ply-KA Y-tum • 1 Year Warranty. sa-GEEN-a sub-yew-LA-ta Viola odorata vie-OH-lah oh-door-A Y-tah Salvia argentea Weigela (lorida wy-JELL-ah FLOOR-ih-da We accept Visa, Mastercard, Checks, and SAL-vee-uh ar-JEN-tee-uh Westringia rosmariniformis Money Orders through the mail. For one S. azurea S. az-YEW-ree-uh west-TRlNG-gee-ah roz-mah-REEN-ee­ unit, please send $45.00 (plus $4.00 ship­ S. clevelandii form-is ping). Save money and buy 2 units for $85.00 (plus $6.00 shipping). Or 4 units S. deev-LAND-ee-eye Wisteria sinensis for $165.00 (plus $10.00 shipping). CA S. coccinea S. kok-SIN-ee-uh wis-TEER-ee-ah sin-EN-sis Residents add 6% sales tax. S. elegans S. ELL-eg-anz Xanthoxeras sorbifolium M.O. Xpress ______S. farinacea S. fa-rin-NA Y-see-uh zan-THOS-er-as sor-bee-FOL-e-um S. glutinosa S. glew-tin-NOH-suh Zygocactus truncatus 4330 Barranca Pkwy . • Suite 101E S. haematodes S. hee-ma-TOH-deez zie-go-KAK-tus trung-KA Y-tus LI=:...c~~~ ~4~~1~8__ J

American Horticulturist 37 SEASONABLE REMINDERS

he Christmas cactus stood alone in in blossom, "leaf" structure, and culture, all its splendor before the parlor's it is not included here.) T lace-curtained window. A myriad These cacti are unfairly called temper­ of cerise blossoms cascaded down the ped­ amental house plants; often "old fash­ estal; gnarled multi-trunks upheld a large, ioned" is synonymous with difficult and bushy crown, signifying longevity. Any out-of-date. This is not the plant's fault. plant so old must be touched by magic, or H we meet its needs, the plant responds. so I thought that winter of 1946. From Then every December thereafter we can great-grandmother's Christmas cactus came take our Christmas cactus for granted. treasured cuttings, and today my plant ri­ Considering the Christmas cactus as a vals the one I saw forty years ago. small-rooted plant, choose a pot allowing Now as then, the beauty of my plant's for little growing space around the plant's flower nearly defies description. Pointed root ball. Transplant to the next size pot buds dangle at pendulous branch-ends; as roots grow. A pot of tight dimensions upon opening, blossoms measure an inch will help prevent root rot in soggy soil. wide and three inches long. These showy Make sure the planting container has a blooms have two tiers of reflexed petals drainage hole. with pale stamens extending well beyond. When planting Christmas cactus, re­ Over a century ago these cactus flowers member tropical forests-the cactus roots became popular, and it is not uncommon interwined through pockets of rich leaf for a Christmas cactus nurtured in the mold. Fill the container with loose, rich, nineteenth century to survive several gen­ Courtesy of Rainbow Gardens slightly acid potting soil: one part shred­ erations. Great-grandmother probably ded compost, one part clean buckshot never thought about the relatives of her Over a century ago gravel, one part packaged potting soil. For cactus and how they found support and these cactus flowers acidity add two tablespoons of aluminum sustenance perched in debris-filled crotches sulphate and one teaspoon of superphos­ of Brazilian trees. Glossy, crab-jointed, became popular, and it phate per gallon of potting soil. This is a segmented stems fastened end to end made is not uncommon for a good epiphyte mix. arching branches, so unlike desert cacti Propagation of jungle cactus is easy. that their identity was doubted. Yet, tiny Christmas cactus Where its leaf-like stem segments are joined, areoles set in notched segments proved its nurtured in the separate from the parent a short, branched botanical ties to the cactus family, Cac­ section of the plant. Submerge the bottom taceae. nineteenth century to half of the detached segment in sand; roots The Christmas cactus, Schlumbergera sprout within a week. When roots measure x buckleyi, was thought to be a species survive several a half inch, plant into a three-inch pot of named Schlumbergera bridgesii. (An even generations. prepared mix. Place cuttings in shade until earlier name for Schlumbergera bridgesii growth begins. was Zygocactus truncatus and many older Christmas cactus should be grown in­ gardening books list the Christmas cactus is believed to be the typical Christmas cac­ doors at 600 to 720 F. Water, keeping the under Zygocactus). In 1964 botanist W. tus; smooth, inch-long, flat stem segments, plant's soil moderately moist. It needs bright L. Tjaden delved into the ancestry of the slightly notched, suggest its common but not direct sun throughout a northern old-fashioned Christmas cactus and found name-crab cactus or lobster cactus. An­ winter; in summer it grows best in strong it to be a hybrid instead of a species-a other, similar plant is the Thanksgiving light. Direct sun, either indoors or out-of­ cross between Schlumbergera russelliana cactus or Schlumbergera truncata; it has doors, will burn tender succulent "leaves." from Rio de Janeiro and Schlumbergera two-inch segments, flat but saw-toothed. At each branch tip, bud formation is truncata. He discovered that the hybrid Although hybridizers caused confusion by signaled when autumn begins to cool and was created sometime in the 1840s by Wil­ their interbreeding of species, the blossom day length shortens. Starting late in Au­ liam Buckley and that is why it now is shape remains siriIilar among the cultivars, gust, reduce water to almost drought con­ called Schlumbergera x buckleyi. whose colors range from red to purple, ditions. At this time it is crucial that The many hybrids, backcrosses, and cul­ including an apricot color. (The Easter ABOVE: A years-old Schlumbergera x tivars that exist now create confusion for cactus, once S. gaertneri, is transfern;ld to buckleyi. RIGHT: S. x buckleyi ready for botanists, but Schlumbergera x buckleyi genus Rhipsalidopsis gaertneri. Differing Christmas giving.

38 December 1988 American Horticulturist 39 SEASONABLE REMINDERS

Schlumbergera r€ceive no more than twelve hours of light in each twenty-four hours over a six-week period, or buds do not More About form. In September and October it is im­ portant to grow Schlumbergera in cool Schlumbergera temperatures, 45° to 65° F. This makes the buds appear. When they do, resum€ reg­ ular watering and move to warmer tem­ ost people think of a peratur€s. hot, baking sun, dry While buds are d€veloping, fertilize air, and poor, sandy M w€€kiy using a well-balanGed water-solu­ soil when they think of cacti. ble plant food. Continue feeding through But the Christmas cactus pn~ ­ its winter and spring growth cyc1€. Do not fers the very opposite - indi­ f€rtilize during the cactus' rest period prior rect sunlight, high, uniform to budding. moisture, and rich organic Due to cross breeding, many sterile hy­ matter. Plants like these are brids exist, having only a triploid set of known as epiphytes. Epi- 5 chromosomes. Plants with a diploid or tet­ phytes grow on other plants ] raploid set of ehromosom€s can be prop­ (mostly trees) for mechanical ~ agatecl. by seed, but you would have to ask support, but they are not par- .&>. ~ your nurseryman which cultivars are ster­ asitic and they do not harm ~ ile and which aren't before you try prop­ the trees. [ agating this way. What makes the Christmas g Homes of yesteryear were perfect for cactus a trU(~ cactus is the list u growing the Christmas cactus. Heat from of morphological characteristics that all cacti have. Like the typical desert corner stoves left areas nearest windows cactus the Christmas cactus has reduced leaves, stems with chlorophyll, cooler; lamplight did not brighten the flowers, berries as fruits, and areol€s (small, specialized areas on inferi~r ~he room's periphery. The aerial roots sprout­ stem from which spines and flowers are produced). Because of these, Chnst­ ing between stem segments, originally used mas cactus is a true cactus, but unlike its desert Gousin, its typical environment for clinging to its native host, absorbed is the tropical rain forest. . moisture created by cool air. There great­ These epiphytic growing conditions are applicable ~o both the Chr.lstmas grandmother left her plant, protected year­ cactus and the Thanksgiving cactus. But many nursenes do not perceive the round from atmospheric extremes. distinction because both cacti have the same cultural requirements, can be With some maneuvering, our cactus per­ bred to exhibit similar characteristics, and are wiflter bloomers (sensitive to forms equally well for us. My aged light and temperature). Botanists, however, see four major differences. The Schlumbergera spends each summer on the Christmas cactus has scalloped stem margins, an angled ovary, purple an­ front porch. There on the floor in its large thers and will bloom closer to Christmas under normal conditions. A pot it soaks up late afternoon sun slaflting Thanksgiving cactus has serrated stem margins, a cylindrical ovary, ~e.llow through SGre€ns of a northwest exposure. anthers and will bloom closer to Thanksgiving under normal Gondltions. Or, you may grow your plant in the gar­ There :re so many hybrids and crosses in the genus now that nurseries have den, its clay pot sunk to the rim. Shield solved the problem by marketing both of these plants as "holiday" cacti. tender branches from burning midday sun. Hybridizers have extended the range of flower color and size. ~ften a Then, when low autumn temp€ratur€s set­ plant will look like a Thanksgiving cactus with its serrated stem ~argms but tle in, take the plant to a bright but cool will be sold as a "Christmas" cactus because it has been mampulated by upstairs room where darkness is uninter­ specific greenho~se conditions to bloom during Christmas, a commercially rupted by artificial light. Buds that devel­ profitable time of the year. oped outdoors will €nlarge and bloom from Cultivars of the old-fashioned Christmas cactus, Schlumbergera x buck­ late October through January, varying with leyi, include 'Apricot', 'Graeser's Pink', 'Holiday Lit~s', 'Le V€SUv', 'Purple the cultivars. One caution: bud drop may Delight', and 'Purple Pyramid'. 'Le Vesuv' has a reddish-purple color on the result if diminished light and high tem­ outer edges of the petals and an iflcreasingly lighter lavender color towards perature occur in the living area wh€re the center of the blossom. 'Holiday Lites' has a tremendous number of purpl€• Christmas cactus is brought to be enjoyed red blossoms that resemble small Christmas tree light bulbs. In a totally for the holiday season. With these few, different color range, 'Apricot' sports a soft orange color with a ~ou.ch of simple rules the Christmas Schlumbergera magenta. 'Graeser's Pink' does not have pink flowers as the name mdlcates is a tr€asure year after year. but crimson to red flowers, and both 'Purple Delight' afld 'Purple Pyramid' - Judith Hillstrom have dark fuchsia blossoms. -Peggy Lytton Judith Hillstrom, Saint Paul, Minnesota, is a Assistant Editor, Horticulture writer whose work also has appeared ill Minnesota Horticulturist and Better Homes and Gardens.

40 December 1988 CIassifieds

AFRICAN VIOLETS Liquidating Inventory - Closing Business -write GREENHOUSE ACCESSORIES America's Finest-177 best violets and gesner­ to Dr. Edwin Menninger, HORTICULTURAL COMPLETE MIST PROPAGATION SYS­ iads. Color Catalog and Growing "Tips" $.50. BOOKS, INC., PO Box 107, Stuatt, FL 34995. TEMS. Get phenomenal propagation results, FISCHER GREENHOUSES, Box H, Linwood, CAcn & SUCCULENTS indoors-outdoors. Environment sensitive con­ NJ 08221. trolled. FREE BROCHURES. AQUAMONI­ CHRISTMAS CACTUS- We ca rry the largest THE AVANT GARDENER TOR, Dept. 4, Box 327, Huntington, NY 11743. mail-order assortment around! Brand new 1989 Tel: (516) 427-5664. DIFFERENT, EXCITING, GREAT FUN TO Flowering Jungle Cacti catalog now available­ READ - for the gardener who wants to get more GIANT 656-page plant/cactus bookshop cat­ GREENHOUSES out of gardening! Subscribe to THE AV ANT alog. Besides Holiday Cactus, we also offer Or­ HOOP HOUSE GREENHOUSE KITS FOR GARDENER, the most useful, most quoted of chid Cactus (Epiphyllums), Easter Cactus, Rat­ UNDER $299. For colorful brochure and grow­ all gardening publications. Every month this tail Cactus, Hoyas, Haworthias, other succulents. er's supply catalog, send $1.00 to: FOX HILL unique news service brings you the newest and All only $2.00 (i ncludes $3.00-offWinter Bonus FA RM, Dept. A-128, 20 Lawrence Street, most practical on-going information - new Coupon). Hurry! RAINBOW GARDENS, 1444 Rockville, CT 06066; (203) 875-6676. plants, products, techniques, with so urces, plus Taylor Street, Dept. AHC, Vista, CA 92084. RedwoodlFiberglass Kits. Hobby to Commer­ feature articles, special issues. 20th year. Awarded cial Sizes. Free Brochure. GOTHIC ARCH CARNIVOROUS PLANTS Garden Club of America and Massachusetts GREENHOUSES, P.O. Box 1564-AHS, Mo­ Horticultural Sociery Medals for outstanding Carnivorous, woodland terrarium plants and bile, AL 36633. (205) 432-7529. contributions to horticulture. Curious? Sample supplies. Book, THE WORLD OF CARNIV­ GROUND COVERS copy $1. Serious? $10 full year (reg. $15). THE OROUS PLANTS, $8.95 postpaid. Catalog AVANT GARDENER, Box 489M, New York, FREE. PETER PAULS NURSERlES, Ca nan­ QUALITY GROUND COVERS AND PER­ NY 10028. daigua, NY 14424. ENNIALS! Aegopodium, European Ginger, Ivies, Lami ums, Hardy Cactus, Plumbago, Sweet BONSAI CATALOGS Woodruff, Sed urns, Vincas. Over 100 varieties. BONSAI TREES, pottery, books, tools, trays, FREE ILLUSTRATED CATALOG OF BOOKS GILSON GARDENS, INC., Dept. AH, PO Box supplies, and soils. Catalog $2.50. BONSAI on plants, fl owers, trees, other nature topics. 277, Perry, OH 44081. CREATIONS, P.O. Box 7511AH, Ft. Lauder­ Class ic, hard-to-find vo lumes on study, iden­ HEATHS & HEATHERS dale, FL 33338. tification, cultiva tion. Most $6.00 to $10.00. A HARDY HEATHERS FOR ALL-YEAR GAR­ BONSAI PLANTS, INDOOR AND OUT­ must for horticulturists, ga rderners, nature lov­ ers. Write DOVER PUBLICATIONS, Dept. DEN COLOR! Send SASE for descriptive mail­ DOOR, IMPORTED POTS AND TOOLS, order li st. Fast Service! HEATHER GROW­ BOOKS, SUPPLIES. CATALOG $1.00. BON­ A281, 31 East 2nd Street, Mineola, NY 11501. ERS, Box 850, Elma, WA 98541. SAIFARM, BOX 130, LAVERNIA, TX 78 121 . DAYLILIES BONSAI, dwarfed conifers, pines, maples, trop­ HERBS DA YLILIES GALORE! Carefree, gorgeous, long­ icals, stock and cuttings. Catalog $1.25. MATSU­ HERBS - Annual & perennial; extensive col­ lived. Four months of summer color. FREE in­ lection. Perennials - Large selection for sun & MOMI]I NURSERIES, PO Box 11414, Phila­ formative catalog. Quantity Discounts. LEE delphia, PA 19111. (215) 722-6286. shade. Sedums-Tall, medium, carpeting, many BRISTOL NURSERY BLOOMINGFIELDS varieties. WRENWOOD, RT. 4, BOX 361, BOOKS FARM, Gaylordsville 525, CT 06755-0005. Berkeley Springs, WV 25411. Catalogue $1.50. OUT-OF-PRINT-BOOKS: Bought and Sold: Horticulture, Botany, Landscaping, Herbology. EDUCATIONAL OPPORTUNITIES HOUSE PLANTS Large Catalog $1.00. POMONA BOOKS, Come grow with us! Hundreds of courses in ORCHIDS, GESNERIADS, BEGONIAS, CACTI Rockton, Ontario, Canada LOR 1XO. botany, botanical art and illustration, commer­ & SUCCULENTS. Visitors welcome. 1988-89 cial flower arranging, commercial horticulture, catalog $2.00. LAURAY OF SALISBURY, Rt. OUT OF PRINT BOOKS AND PERIODICALS gardening, horticultural therapy, landscape de­ 41 (Undermountain Rd.), Salisbury, CT 06068 (ESP. 1880-1945) ON FLOWERS, GARDENS, sign, nature and garden photography, and much (203) 435-2263. LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE, AND more available at The New York Botanical Gar­ EXOTICS-Delivered to your doorstep. Rare WILDFLOWERS. CATALOG UPON RE­ den. Also special symposia, trips, and tours. QUEST. (INDICATE CODE: HORT). CAL­ Jasmines, Begonias, Herbs, Orchids and more Certificate programs, college-credit recommen­ are listed in our 125-page, color-illustrated mail­ ENDULA, BOX 930, PICTON, ONTARIO KOK dation, and licensed School of Horticulture. 2TO CANADA. order catalog. $3 .00 refundable with your or­ Bachelor's and Associate's degree programs with der. LOGEE'S GREENHOUSES, Dept. AH, 1985 Edition EXOTICA 4, with 16,300 photos, local colleges. For a free Fall catalog write: Ed­ North St., Danielson, CT 06239. 405 in color, 2,600 pages in 2 volumes, with ucation Program, THE NEW YORK BOTAN­ Addenda of 1,000 Updates, by Dr. A. B. Graf, ICAL GARDEN, Bronx, NY 10458-5126 or PERENNIALS $187. TROPICA 3, revised 1986, 7,000 color call (212) 220-8747. HOSTAS, PEONIES, JAPANESE and SIBE­ photos, now 1,156 pages, $125. Exotic Plant Learn Landscaping and the growing of plants RIAN IRISES, DA YLILIES. Reserve your 1989 Manual, 5th Ed., 4,200 photos, $37.50. Exotic at home. Start business or hobby. Free booklet. catalog now. $1.00 (refundable). CAPRICE House Plants, 1,200 photos, $8.95. Circulars LIFETIME CAREER SCHOOLS, Dept. A-350, FARM NURSERY, AH 15425 SW Pleasant Hill, gladly sent. ROEHRS, Box 125, E. Rutherford, 2251 Barry Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90064. Sherwood, OR 97140. (503) 625-7241. NJ 07073. NEW, INEXPENSIVE way to buy perennials. CAROL DIDRICK'S LITTLE RED BOOK ON GARDENING ACCESSORIES Specialists in growing and improving perennials OLD GARDEN ROSES. Where to get them and GOATSKIN GLOVES. Tough, lightweight guarantee you the finest plants ever offered­ where to plant them. An introduction to OLD goatskin stretches and becomes form-fitting, same as by professional nurserymen. Send for GARDEN ROSES. Each book signed and num­ giving wearer ultimate in fit, grip, dexteriry. free Bluestone catalog; lists more than 300 va­ bered. Send $14.95 post paid. CAROL DI­ Natural lanolin in leather keeps hands soft. Sizes rieties, plus information on care and growing. DRICK, 1535 Willard Drive, Orrville, OH 7-10 or send outline of hand. $8 .50 postpaid. BLUESTONE PERENNIALS, 7201 Middle 44667 . • Please add $2.00 out of country mailing. PUTNAM'S, Box 295C, Wilton, NH 03086. Ridge, Madison, OH 44057.

American Horticulturist 41 CLASSIFIEDS

"AACHEN DREAM" HYBRID LOBELIA, New PLUMERIA, GINGERS, HIBISCUS, ROSES hardy PERENNIAL CARDINAL FLOWER, plus BOUGAINVll..LEAS HORTICO. Just to name a few from our vast these 1989 introductions: 'WILDWOOD ALSO RARE AND UNUSUAL BULBS, FLOW­ selection: SPLENDOR' jeweltone amethyst. 'RUBY SLIP­ ERING VINES, FRAGRANT PLANTS, SPE­ Hybrid Teas: Alec's Red, Burgund '81, Cana­ PERS' velvety garnet. Other PINKS, ROSE, CIALTY FERTILIZERS AND MORE. COLOR dian White Star, Elizabeth Taylor, Felicity Ken­ WHITE, FUCHSIA. Send SASE for world's most CATALOG-$1.00. PLUMERIA PEOPLE, dal, Folklore, Fragrant Charm '84 (Duft­ EXCLUSIVE LOBELIA listing. (Issued January­ DEPT. A, P.O. Box 820014, Houston, TX Zauber), Freshie, Keepsake, Maid of Honour, March only) WILDWOOD, Rt. 3, Box 1655H, 77282-0014. Marijke Koopman, Nantucket, Solitaire, White Pittsboro. NC 27312. Nights, and World Rose. PosmONS WANTED PLANT SOCIETIES Floribundas: Annisley Dickson, Australian Gold, EXPERT PROPERTY CARE. Land, Flora, YOU WILL ENJOY THESE BENEFITS when Brown Velvet, Langford Light, Ten Ten CFRB, Structures, Administration, all capably handIed. Tabris, Waiheke. you become a member of the Indoor Citrus and Permanent position sought with responsibili­ Rare Fruit Society: a 24-page quarterly news­ Modern Shrub Roses: Buff Beauty, Champlain, ties. Will live on site. L.S., PO Box 761, OJ ai, Dornroschen, Fred Loads, Golden Wings, Jens letter that chronicles the growing interest in and CA 93023. acceptance of rare fruit; books that relate to the Munk, John Cabit, Sally Holmes, Shropshire indoor citrus and rare fruit are reviewed and PUBLICATIONS Lass, Surf Rider. discounted to members; each issue contains an Miniature: Dandenong. Listing of quality garden books on all garden Austin Shrub Roses: Chairman, Chianti, Claire offer of free seeds of citrus and rare fruit; search­ subjects. Free catalog. GARDEN PUBLICA­ and-find service for seeds and plants; a 32-page Rose, Cymoalllie, lmrnortaI Juno, Lucetta, Mary TIONS, PO Box 880, Everett, WA 98206. (206) Rose, Proud Titania, The Miller, and Windrush. booklet entitled GARDEN BOOKS AROUND 252-8108. THE WORLD with 100 book reviews, rare and Antique Roses: Baronne de Rothschild, Car­ RECIPES-EXTRAORDINARY hot appetiz­ hard to find books. U.S. and Canada $15 per dinal de Richelieu, Celsiana, Constance Spty, ers: ginger pork bits, curried onion rounds, an­ year. Other countries $18. Write to IC&RFS, Damascena Semperflorens, George Arends, Karl chovy puffs. For recipes send $3.00 POB 221783- 176 Coronado Avenue, Los Altos, CA 94022. Foerster, Maiden's Blush, Queen of Denmark, Q, Carmel, CA 93922. Reines des Violettes, Tuscany Superba. PLANTS, UNUSUAL RHODODENDRONS & AZALEAS New McGredy: Freshie, Goldie, Peachy, Pent­ RARE UNUSUAL PLANTS-otherwise com­ RHODODENDRONS for Eastern Gardens. house. mercially unavailable - botanic collections, FREE descriptive listing. CARDINAL NURS­ New Astor Perry: Elmhurst, Lewiston. landscaping-140 Bamboo, 200 Palms, 100 ERY, Rt. 1, Box 316M, State Road, NC 28676. Catalog on request: $2.00. HORTICO INC.; Cycads, Horticultural Rarities, 1000 Books. (919) 874-2027. 723 Robson Road, Waterdown, Ontario LOR Three dangerously crammed seasonal catalogs 2HO. (416) 689-6984. "GO-BETWEENS" -lower growing azaleas that $5. ENDANGERED SPECIES, Box 1830-A, SEEDS Tustin, California 92680. fit between existing azaleas and rhododendrons in your garden. Northern grown and accli­ FRAGRANCE SEEDS FOR FRAGRANCE, DWARF: CONIFERS, COMPANION mated! Two Year Catalog Subscription: $2.00 herbs, atavars, prairie plants, and others. Cat­ SHRUBS, groundcovers, potential bonsai. Af­ (deductible). CARLSON'S GARDENS, Box alog $1.00. THE FRAGRANT PATH, Box fordable, well rooted in 21/4-inch and 4-inch 305-AHA1288, South Salem, NY 10590. (914) 328A, Fort Calhoun, NE 68023. containers. Descriptive catalog, $2 (refunda­ 763-5958. THE WORLD'S LARGEST and most famous ble). AVID GARDENER, Box 200-A, Ham­ seed catalog. Over 225 pages, 4,000 varieties, burg, IL 62045. RHODODENDRONS AND AZALEAS-Se­ lect from 1,000 varieties with many new excit­ 1,000 color pictures. A major book of reference. RARE SUCCULENTS, CAUDICIFORMS, EU­ ing introductions. Also Laurel, Andromeda, The Encyclopedia of how and what to grow PHORBIAS, SANSEVIERIAS, LOW-LIGHT Holly, Conifers, Rare Plants and Trees. Mail­ from seed. Vegetables, potted plants, exotics, PLANTS, OTHER EXOTICS. Catalog, $1.50, order catalog $2.00. ROSLYN NURSERY, perennials, alpine, rockety, latest and best an­ deductible from first order. SINGERS', 17806 Dept. AH, Box 69, Roslyn, NY 11576. (516) nuals, trees, shrubs, bulbs from seed; includes Plummer St., Dept. A., Northridge, CA 91325. 643-9347. rare items unobtainable elsewhere. Write for free copy, allowing three weeks, or enclose $2 PLANTS WANTED ROCK GARDEN PLANTS for first class mail: THOMPSON & MOR­ WANTED-Source for Nursery Stock: Pseu­ Rare Alpines, Wildflowefs, Dwarf Conifers, GAN, INC. Dept. ARC, PO Box 1308,Jackson, dglarix kaempferi, Taxodium ascendens, GFoundcovers, colorful Rock Plants, hardy NJ 08527. Glyptostrobus lineatus. 5' to 6' tall or better. Rhododendrons, Bonsai Books. Catalog $1. TREES HAVERFORD COLLEGE, Arboretum Office, RICE CREEK GARDENS, 1315 66th Ave. NE, MILLIONS OF SEEDLINGS: High Quality, Haverford, PA 19041. Minneapolis, MN 55432. (612) 574-1197. Reasonable Prices. Over 100 Selections for Christmas Trees, Ornamentals, Windbreaks, Timber, Soil Conservation, Wildlife Cover. Free Catalog. CARINO NURSERIES, Box 538, Dept. J, Indiana, PA 15701. C;REER C;~RDENS WILDFLOWERS 1280 Goodpasture Island Rd., Eugene, OR 97401-1794 UNCONVENTIONAL, RARE AND FAMIL­ IAR NATIVE WILDFLOWERS AND CUL­ Specializing in -- TIVATED PERENNIALS for formal or natur­ alistic areas. Top quality nursety-propagated EXOTIC Rhododendrons plants. Descriptive catalog $3.00. NICHE UNUSUAL Japanese Maples GARDENS, Rte. 1, Box 290, Dept. A, Chapel RARE Trees & Shrubs Hill, NC 27516. SPECIAL Bonsai Materials NATURAL SPLENDOR of North American Prairie wildfl0wers and grasses. Select from 70 + - EXCEPTIONAL COLOR CATALOG varieties of hardy, drought resistant, native per­ { ~, Offeril'lg 2000 kinds of plants - ONLY $2.00 ennials. GIFT CERTIFICATES AVAILABLE for . \~ WE SHIP ANYWHERE your favorite gardener(s). Informative, illus­ Order our catalog by calling 1-800-548-0111 trated catalog only $2. PRAIRIE NURSERY, Dept. AH, Box 365, Westfield, WI 53964.

42 December 1988 FOR YEAR-ROUND COLOR, CHOOSE PIERIS

Continued from page 17 red somewhat lacking in brilliance; that of 'Mountain Fire' is a striking, deep red; that of 'Red Mill', one of the hardiest of all pieris, is a dark red that ages to mahogany. The new growth in 'Bert Chandler' is col­ ored a vivid but ephemeral medium red that soon goes through a kaleidoscope of changes, becoming salmon pink before passing through the color sequence of bright yellow, to cream, to yellow-green, and fi­ nally to a dull green. The most brilliant red new growth in the genus is found in the somewhat tender P. formosa var. fOTTestii, and especially in its cultivar 'Wakehurst'. For optimum per­ formance of these spectacular forms, care­ ful consideration must be given to micro­ climate. For the less adventurous, a hybrid, 'Forest Flame' (Pieris formosa var. forrestii 'Wakehurst' X P. japonica), has new growth nearly as brilliant as its seed par­ ent, is generally more hardy, and is avail­ able in this country. The definitely tender Originally from Australia, 'Bert Chandler' has new growth that changes from salmon pink to P. formosa 'Jermyns', in which the new bright yellow, to cream, to yellow-green, and fina Uy to green. growth is a remarkable deep wine red, is available only from British sources. winter, protection from the drying wes­ Culture-and a Word About Pests terly winter winds, and ample mulch. If Pieris for Year-round Foliage Like many other members of the heath wi nter shade can't be provided, however, Several pieris stand out simply as foliage family, pieris is shade-loving; the less di­ this spectacular variety can be treated as plants year-round. All are P. japonica cul­ rect sunlight the better for the plant. In the a die-back shrub by pruning the dead tivars. Among these are 'Daisen', earlier warmer regions of the United States as lit­ growth back each spring and allowing the known as 'Wada', of intermediate height tle as a few hours of direct midsummer plant to rejuvenate itself with new shoots but as wide, or wider, than it is tall. Its sunlight can be fatal to such moisture-de­ from the base. exceptionally luxuriant foliage, made up pendent cultivars as 'Daisen' and 'Bert Similarly, if any pieris becomes too large of bright green leaves that are considerably Chandler'. Other cultivars tend to be more for the space allowed, it can be re-formed broader than in the species, forms a high, sun-tolerant, but in sites exposed to sus­ into a smaller, more shapely, shrub by cut­ shapely mound. It flowers lightly in pink. tained strong sunlight the foliage may lose ting it back to within twelve to fifteen inches 'Christmas Cheer' is a less luxuriant, smaller its rich, glossy, green color and take on a of the soil line and letting the new growth version. 'Pygmaea' is an erect, dwarf to duller, yellowish cast. In addition, sunlight take over. Deadheading of spent flowers low-growing, generally non-flowering cul­ encourages infestations of the andromeda is advisable; the seed pods tend to prevent tivar with narrow, almost awl-shaped lace bug, the principal insect enemy of pieris. formation of new growth on the same leaves. Recently a West Coast nursery has A site sheltered on the south and west, but branch. offered a form that is said to bear abundant with an open view of the northern sky is A final word: Pieris japonica has been white flowers. The non-flowering 'Bisbee ideal. shown to contain toxin that is repellent to . Dwarf' forms a neat cushion, wider than Pieris likes the high acidity and moisture livestock, and, in my experience, to deer tall, which in the spring exhibits interesting content of humus-rich soils. Most pieris as well. For the pieris grower this comes intergradations of dark copper and green. are resistant to the deadly Phytophthora as a welcome fringe benefit in view of the 'Variegata' is low-growing and spreading, fungi. As a result, generous quantities of ever-increasing number of gardeners who with green leaves bordered with pinkish Canadian peat can be used to build up have seen their prized rhododendrons, cream fading to cream in the spring. It moisture and acidity in the planting hole, azaleas, and hostas nibbled by the lovable flowers very lightly in white. A related cul­ a procedure that would certainly invite Bambis of this world. Bambi's taste for the tivar, 'White Rim', with wider cream bor­ fungal attack when planting hybrid rho­ exotic (read that expensive) in plants is ders on the leaves, has receFltly been re­ dodendrons in the warmer regions of the second only to the plantsman's, but pieris, leased in England. Also yet to reach these country. a shrub of so many desirable character­ shores is 'Little Heath', an erect but com­ In siting the more tender cultivars such istics, can hold its own. pact dwarf with small leaves bordered and as 'Wakehurst', and to a lesser extent speckled with cream. 'Little Heath Green' 'Forest Flame', consideration of microcli­ George Phair, a collector of pieris for fifteen is an all-green reverted form reminiscent mate is essential. That consists mainly of years, has contributed articles to several of 'Bisbee Dwarf', but more erect. providing shade from the mid-day su~ in horticultural journals.

American Horticulturist 43 1988 Index

s there an article from one of this year's Caroline Dormon Nature Preserve. One magazines you'd like to read again, Woman's Legacy. Oct., 32. but can't remember the date? Have Catalog Review, A. Searching for I Wildflowers. Feb., 10. you forgorten which issue had the planting Christmas Cactus, The. Dec., 38. instructions that you will need next spring? Cliff Garden, A. Jun., 4. American Horticulturist makes it easy Colchicums Are an Autumn Delight. Oct., 18. for you to retrieve our gardening infor­ Cut F10wers. Plants Perfect for Cutting. mation by including an index in each De­ Jun., 10. cember issue. So if the butterflies on this Desert Botanical Garden, The. Dec., 10. page stir your memory, why not look up Monarch Designer As Artist, The. Oct., 4. the article in our June issue, pagel 8 ? Both Design Page, The. A Beginner's City Garden. text and illustrations were by Peter Loewer Picard, Joseph M. Gardening on a Manhattan Apr., 4; A Cliff Garden. Jun., 4; The of Cochecton Center, New York, a fre­ Rooftop. Aug., 38. Designer As Artist. Oct., 4; Enhancing the quent contributor to American Horticul­ Plimpton, Susan W. Unusual Combinations. View. Aug., 4; Redefining the Front Yard. turist. Jun., 38. Feb., 4. Softening the Bauhaus Style. Reilly, Ann. Enhancing the View. Aug., 4. Dec., 4. Riley, Kathleen Y. What Plants are Fighting Dormon, Caroline. One Woman's Legacy. the Drought? Oct., 30. Oct., 32. Author Scott, Barbara. Wild Ginger. Apr., 10. Drought-Tolerant Plants. What Plants Are Barrett, Patricia. Plants Perfect for Cutting. Sheldon, Elisabeth. Salvias. Dec., 28; Try Fighting the Drought? Oct., 30. Jun., 10. Campanulas For Diversity. Jun., 22; Dumbarton Oaks. Oct., 22. Bonta, Marcia. Gardens of Kyoto. Dec., 18. What's In a Name? Apr., 34. Enhancing the View. Aug., 4. One Woman's Legacy. Oct., 32. Sloat, Caroline. A Healthy and Innocent Exotic Plants From Seed. Feb., 30. Briggs, Martha Wren. The Gardens of Louis Amusement. Aug., 28. Farrand, Beatrix Jones. Dumbarton Oaks. Comfort Tiffany. Jun., 28. Steffey, Jane. Vitaceae, The Vine Family. Oct., 22. Burgess, Lorraine Marshall. Colchicums Are Aug., 10. Flower Arranging. Plants Perfect for Cutting. an Autumn Delight. Oct., 18 . Taylor, Patricia. A Salute to the Flag. Jun.,10. Cathey, Henry M. A Gift of Chinese Penjing. Apr., 22. For Year-round Color, Choose Pieris. Oct., 10. Toth, Debora. Arizona's Showcase for Desert Dec., 14. Cook, Ferris. On Keeping a Garden Plants. Dec., 10. Garden in the Piney Woods. Apr., 16. Notebook. Aug., 34. Weinberg, Ruby. Atlanta in Springtime. Feb., Gardener's POWOutri. On Keeping a Garden De Blasi, Anthony. Exotic Plants from Seed. 20; Beneath the Long White Cloud. Aug., Notebook. Aug., 34; Unusual Feb., 30. 14; Garden in the Piney Woods. Apr., 16. Combinations. Jun., 38; What's in a Doan, Penelope. Sweet William: Gallantry, Woodier, Olwen. Star Quality Orchids That Name ? Apr., 34. Finesse, Dexterity. Feb., 34. Bloom in Trees. Feb., 27. Gardening on a Manhattan Rooft0p. Frey, Susan Rademacher. Redefining the Aug., 38. Front Yard. Feb., 4. Gardens. Atlanta in Springtime. Feb., 20; Harper, Pamela. A Beginner's City Ga,rden. Subject/Title Arizona's Showcase for Desert Plants. Dec., Apr., 4; A Cliff Garden. Jun., 5; Pamela American Natives. One Woman's Legacy. 10; A Beginner's City Garden. Apr., 4; Harper's Dream Garden. Dec., 22. Oct., 32; Wild Ginger. Apr., 10. Beneath the Long White Cloud. Aug., 14; Hillstrom, Judith. The Christmas Cactus. Arizona's Showcase for Desert Plants. A Cliff Garden. Jun., 4; The Designer As Dec., 38. Dec., 10. Artist. Oct., 4; Dumbarton Oaks. Oct., 22; Karson, Robin. The Designer as Artist. Atlanta Botanical Garden. Atlanta in Enhancing the View. Aug., 4; Garden in Oct., 4. Springtime. Feb., 20. the Piney Woods. Apr., 16; Gardening on a Larew, Hiram G. The Neem Tree. Aug., 24. Atlanta in Springtime. Feb., 20. Manhattan Rooftop. Aug., 38; Gardens of Loewer, Peter. Beautiful Garden Visitors. Beautiful Garden Visitors. Jun., 18. Kyoto. Dec., 18; The Gardens of Louis Jun., 18 ; Searching f0r Wildflowers. Beginner's City Garden, A. Apr., 4. Comfort Tiffany. Jun., 28 ; A Healthy and Feb., 10. Beneath the Long White Cloud. Aug., 14. Innocent Amusement. Aug., 28 ; Henry Mathewson, Kathryn. Softening the Bauhaus Book Reviews. Jun., 40; Aug., 42; Oct., 40; Mitchell's Own Kind of Garden. Oct., 14; Style. Dec., 4. Dec., 34. Pamela Haliper's Dream Garden. Dec., 22; McGourty, Frederick. Of Cabbages, Kings, Botanical Names. What's In a Name? Redefining the Front Yard. Feb., 4; and Kohlrabi. Apr., 26. Apr., 34. Softening the Bauhaus Style. Dec., 4; Star Mitchell, Henry. Henry Mitchell's Own Kind Briarwood. Om: Woman's Legacy. Oct., 32. Quality Orchids That Bloom in Trees. Feb., of Garden. Oct., 14. Butterflies. Beautiful Garden Visitors. 26; Unusual Combinations. Jun., 38. Nicholson, Rob. Magnolias - Past and Future. Jun., 18. Gardens of Kyoto. Dec., 18. Jun., 14. Callaway Gardens. Garoen in the Piney Gardens of Louis Comfort Tiffany, The. Parke, Margaret. Dumbarton Oaks. Oct., 22. Woods. Apr., 16. Jun., 28. Phair, George. For Year-round Color, Choose Campanulas. Try Campanulas for Diversity. Gift of Chinese Penjing, A. Oct., 10. Pieris. Dec., 14. Jun., 22. Grapes. Vitaceae, the Vine Family. Aug., 10.

44 December 1988 NOW ..• BY MAIL! UNUSUAL, HARD­ TO-FIND FLOWER ARRANCINC SUPPLIES: TOOLS, TECHNIQUES, TRICKS OF THE TRADE!

SPECIAL OFFER - MAKES A GREAT GIFT! Healthy and Innocent Amusement, A. Seeds. Exotic Plants from Seed. Feb., 30. Aug., 28. Softening the Bauhaus Style. Dec., 4. The Original Henry Mitchell's Own Kind of Garden. Star Quality Orchids that Bloom in Trees. Oct., 14. Feb., 26. Indoor Gardener, The. Exotic Plants from Steele, Fletcher. The Designer As Artist. STEM STRIPPER Seed. Feb., 30. Oct., 4. A unique tool Landscaping. Enhancing the View. Aug., 4. Strange Relatives. Vitaceae, the Vine Family. Magnolias - Past and Future. Jun., 14. Aug., 10. for removing Neem Tree, The. Aug., 24. Sweet William: Gallantry, Finesse, Dexterity. thorns and New American Garden. Redefini ng the Front Feb., 34. Yard. Feb., 4. Tiffany, Louis Comfort. The Gardens of leaves from New Plants for 1988. Feb., 14. Louis Comfort Tiffany. Jun., 28. stems. New Zealand Gardens. Beneath the Long Try Campanulas for Diversity. Jun., 22. ONLY White Cloud. Aug., 14. Unusual Combinations. Jun., 38. 9.95 Nomenclature. What's in a Name' Apr., 34. Urban Gardener, The. Gardening on a INCLUDING Of Cabbages, Kings, and Kohlrabi. Ap r. , 26. Manhattan Rooftop. Aug., 38. POSTAGE & HANDLING CAl RESIDENTS, Old-fashioned Flowers. Sweet Wi lli am: Vegetables. Of Cabbages, Kings, and ADD 6% SALES TAXl Gallantry, Finesse, Dexterity. Feb., 34. Kohlrabi. Apr., 26. Old Sturbridge Village. A Healthy and Vines. Vitaceae, the Vine Fami ly. Aug., 10. The Keth Company Innocent Amusement. Aug., 28. Vitaceae, the Vine Family. Aug., 10. p.o. BOX 645 One Woman's Legacy. Oct., 32. What Plants Are Fighting the Drougbt? Corona del Mar, CA 92625 On Keeping a Garden Notebook. Aug., 34. Oct., 30. OUR LATEST CATALOGUE Orchids. Star Quality Orchids that Bloom in What's in a Name? Apr., 34. 1 .00 Trees. Feb., 26. Wildflowers. Searching for Wi ldflowers. Ornamental Vegetables. Of Cabbages, Kings, Feb., 10. and Kohlrabi. Apr., 26. Wild Ginger. Apr., 10. A shirt that speaks Pamela Harper's Dream Garden. Dec., 22. Yellow Flag. A Salute to the Flag. Apr., 22. Penjing. A Gift of Chinese Penjing. Oct., 10. from the heart Pieris. Dec., 14. Plants Perfect for Cutting. Jun., 10. Redefining the Front Yard. Feb., 4. Rock Garden. A Cliff Garden. Jun., 4. Rooftop Gardening. Gardening on a Manhattan Rooftop. Aug., 38. Salute to the Flag, A. Apr., 22. Salvias. Dec., 28 . Searching for Wildflowers. Feb., 10. Seasonable Reminders. Plants Perfect for Cutting. Jun., 10. A SPECIAL YULE GIFf Seasonal Concerns. What for your faVOrite gardener Plants Are Fighting the Drought? Oct., 30. o A Pine Tree Press first-time offering to an exclusive gardening audience. o A hefty, high quality, 100% cotton, short­ sleeved shirt. 1\1'0 garden shades of green on navy blue. Select X-Large, Large, Medium, or Small. o Order by December I to assure delivery before Christmas. o Your satisfaction is 100% guaranteed. o $15.95 postage paid. 'fWo or nwre-$14.95 each. Oklahoma residents add 4% sales tax. ORDER lOOAY. Send check or money order (sorry, no C.O.D.s) to: ine Tree Press Little Sulphur ~ 1700-A Utica Square · ---l Suite 102-AH, Tulsa, OK 74114 American Horticulturist 45 TheNew

Peifect far Gifts Please send me the following 1989 AHS Calendars:

o Single copy at the member price, Please enclose check or charge to: and far Yourself! $8.50. $ o VISA o MasterCard Quantity member price: o Acct.# 3 or more mailed to same address, Perennials fulfill our craving for color $1.95 ea. $ Exp. Date and bloom throughout the gardening o Single copy non·member price, Signature seasons, and here are your favorites in $9,50. $ Total price for __ calendars: $ SHIP TO: brilliant color month after month, Please add postage: accompanied by pointers on growing [J 1-2 calendars $1.00 Name o 3 or more $2.00. $ Address and suggestions for companion plantings. Virginia residents add 4.5% sales tax. $ A year-long visual pleasure, with room TOTAL: $ City State __ Zip for notes and with all important dates, MAIL TO: American Horticultural Society: Calendar, P.O. Box 0105, Mount Vernon, VA 22121. Allow four weeks for holidays, and American Horticultural delivery. Make checks payable to American Horticultural Society: Calendar. Society events noted for your reference.