Universidade Estadual De Campinas Instituto De Economia Matheus De Oliveira Erhardt Brito Diversificação Como Estratégia De E

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Universidade Estadual De Campinas Instituto De Economia Matheus De Oliveira Erhardt Brito Diversificação Como Estratégia De E UNIVERSIDADE ESTADUAL DE CAMPINAS INSTITUTO DE ECONOMIA MATHEUS DE OLIVEIRA ERHARDT BRITO DIVERSIFICAÇÃO COMO ESTRATÉGIA DE EXPANSÃO DO GRUPO SIEMENS CAMPINAS 2014 MATHEUS DE OLIVEIRA ERHARDT BRITO DIVERSIFICAÇÃO COMO ESTRATÉGIA DE EXPANSÃO DO GRUPO SIEMENS Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso apresentado à Graduação do Instituto de Economia da Universidade Estadual de Campinas para a obtenção do título de Bacharel em Ciências Econômicas, sob orientação do Prof. Dr. Rodrigo Lanna Franco da Silveira. CAMPINAS 2014 FOLHA DE APROVAÇÃO Monografia intitulada “DIVERSIFICAÇÃO COMO ESTRATÉGIA DE EXPANSÃO DO GRUPO SIEMENS”, área de concentração: Estratégias, custos, finanças e desempenho das empresas de autoria de MATHEUS DE OLIVEIRA ERHART BRITO, acadêmico do curso de Ciências Econômicas da Universidade Estadual de Campinas, aprovada pela banca examinadora constituída pelos professores abaixo especificados. ___________________________________________________ Prof. Dr. Rodrigo Lanna Franco da Silveira - Orientador Universidade Estadual de Campinas ___________________________________________________ Profª. Drª. Maria Carolina Azevedo Ferreira de Souza Universidade Estadual de Campinas Campinas 2014 DEDICATÓRIA Ao meu falecido pai, Rubens Erhardt Brito, que nos deixou precocemente, mas que vive eternamente em nossos corações e à minha mãe Eliana de Oliveira Erhardt Brito, que está ao meu lado todo o tempo. AGRADECIMENTOS Agradeço à minha mãe Eliana e ao meu pai Rubens, à minha avó Vicentina e ao meu tio Cleiton, que estiveram ao meu lado todas as fases da minha vida, por me apoiarem nas minhas decisões e por acreditarem em mim como pessoa. Não posso deixar de agradecer também ao meu irmão Miguel e à minha irmã Flávia, que me ensinaram aos poucos o irmão fraterno, assim como aos meu queridos sobrinhos Leonardo, Maria Paula, Beatriz e Felipe, que me proporcionam tantos momentos de felicidade. Também agradeço aos meus amigos de Santa Bárbara d`Oeste, que estão sempre abertos a me escutarem e me apoiarem nas horas difíceis pelas quais passei e com os quais tanta diversão tenho. Aos meus amigos de Campinas, que estiveram ao meu lado durante esses anos de estudos, diversão e companheirismo que compartilhamos nessa universidade. Não me esqueço de agradecer também a todos os demais amigos que fiz nas minhas viagens, nas festas, nas moradias compartilhadas, no trabalho e no decorrer do cotidiano. Finalmente, agradeço aos professores e funcionários do Instituto de Economia, que me deram condições de me graduar. Sejam essas intelectuais, éticas e de caráter. Agradeço ao IE-UNICAMP pela oportunidade e por terem acreditado no meu sucesso. Obrigado. “A angústia é parte da condição humana. Não se pode deixar que a angústia da morte nos paralise. A resposta está no convívio com os outros. Não se vive sem amizade, sem amor, sem adversidade.” (Fernando Henrique Cardoso) Campinas 2014 BRITO, Matheus de Oliveira Erhardt. Diversificação como estratégia de expansão do Grupo Siemens. 2014. 76 folhas. Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso (Graduação) – Instituto de Economia. Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, 2014. RESUMO O presente trabalho aborda um tema sem consenso entre os pesquisadores à cerca da estratégia de empresas. O que se procura nesse trabalho é delinear características das relações entre diversificação de negócios nas empresas e performance financeira das mesmas. Para traçar tal paralelo será analisado o caso do grupo internacional, Siemens. A empresa faz-se presente em quase todos os países do mundo, inclusive no Brasil, onde atua desde o século XIX. Os balanços contábeis anuais da empresa, entre os anos de 1998 e 2007, serão a base para retirar dados e evidências que possam favorecer o traçado da relação diversificação- rentabilidade. Dessa forma, os dados retirados dos balanços serão analisados baseados na metodologia desenvolvida por Rumelt. Os resultados serão contrastados com as estratégias adotadas pela empresa e as oscilações de diversos indicadores financeiros da empresa. Assim, conclusões retiradas da análise do grupo Siemens serão contrastadas com conclusões de outros autores a fim de definir uma possível tendência de conversão das análises. Observa-se que a diversificação como estratégia de expansão favorece o desempenho da empresa até o limite que o portfólio de produtos e processos passa a interferir de maneira negativa na estrutura da empresa de modo a aumentar os custos e a complexidade da gestão. Palavras-chave: Diversificação; Rentabilidade; Estratégia; Corporação; Negócios; Conglomerados. ABSTRACT This thesis approaches a subject without consensus among the researchers about companies’ strategy. What is pursued in this thesis is to delineate the characteristics from the relations between business diversification in companies and their financial performance. To delineate this parallel will be analyzed the case from the international group, Siemens. The company has been present in almost every country around the world, included Brazil, where acts since XIX century. The annual reports of the company between 1998 and 2007 will be the basis to take data and evidences that can be in favor to delineate the relation diversification-profitability. Therefore, the data from the annual reports will be analyzed based on Rumelt’s methodology. The results will be contrasted with the strategies adopted by the company and the oscillations from many financials indicators from the company. Then, conclusions from the analysis of the Siemens group will contrasted with conclusions from other authors to define a possible trend of analysis conversion. It is possible to note that diversification as a strategy of expansion favors the company’s performance until a certain limit that the products portfolio and process interfere in a negative way on the company’s structure, increasing costs and management complexity. Keywords: Diversification; Profitability; Strategy; Corporation; Business; Conglomerates. LISTA DE ILUSTRAÇÕES Figura 1: Critérios de classificação do grau de diversificação de Rumelt .................. 34 LISTA DE TABELAS Tabela 1: Desempenho Contábil 1998 ...................................................................... 40 Tabela 2: Índices Metodológicos e Indicadores Contábeis 1998............................... 41 Tabela 3: Desempenho Contábil 1999-2000 ............................................................. 43 Tabela 4: Índices Metodológicos e Indicadores Contábeis 1999-2000 ..................... 44 Tabela 5: Desempenho Contábil 2001-2002 ............................................................. 47 Tabela 6: Índices Metodológicos e Indicadores Contábeis 2001-2002 ..................... 48 Tabela 7: Desempenho Contábil 2003 ...................................................................... 50 Tabela 8: Índices Metodológicos e Indicadores Contábeis 2001-2003 ..................... 51 Tabela 9: Desempenho Contábil 2004 ...................................................................... 56 Tabela 10: Desempenho Contábil 2005 .................................................................... 57 Tabela 11: Índices Metodológicos e Indicadores Contábeis 2004-2005 ................... 58 Tabela 12: Índices Metodológicos e Indicadores Contábeis 2006-2007 ................... 59 Tabela 13: Desempenho Contábil 2006 .................................................................... 62 Tabela 14: Desempenho Contábil 2007 .................................................................... 63 Tabela 15: Índices Metodológicos e Indicadores Contábeis 1998-2007 ................... 67 LISTA DE ABREVIATURAS E SIGLAS AG Aktiengesellschaft P&D Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Ltda. Limitada SR Grau de Especialização RR Grau de Relacionamento VR Indicador de Integração Vertical EBIT Earnings before interest and taxes Ltd. Limited Corp. Corporation ICN Information and Communication Networks US United States EUR Euro CEO Cheaf Executive Officer A/S Anonymous Society Com Communications Inc. Incorporation GmbH Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung SUMÁRIO INTRODUÇÃO .......................................................................................................... 14 CAPÍTULO I – ANÁLISE DA LITERATURA .............................................................. 17 1. Introdução ............................................................................................................ 17 2. A firma.................................................................................................................. 17 3. A estratégia de diversificação das atividades ..................................................... 20 3.1. Diversificação como estratégia de expansão ....................................... 24 3.2. Tipologia da diversificação ................................................................... 26 3.3. Inserção em novos mercados .............................................................. 27 3.3.1. Através do Desenvolvimento Interno ........................................ 28 3.3.2. Através de aquisições ............................................................... 28 4. Comparações com outros autores ....................................................................... 30 5. Considerações finais ............................................................................................ 31 CAPÍTULO II – METODOLOGIA E ANÁLISES ......................................................... 33 1. Metodologia ...................................................................................................... 33 2. A empresa
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