TMO TRAVAUX DE LA MAISON DE L’ORIENT List of contributors / Liste des contributeurs 69 ET DE LA MÉDITERRANÉE N° 69 Zoï Tsirtsoni is Researcher at the French National Centre for Scientific Research Vassiliki Adrymi-Sismani, Director Emeritus of the (CNRS), currently in position at the Archaeological Institute for Thessalian Studies THE HUMAN FACE OF RADIOCARBON mixed laboratory Archéologies et Sciences Ioannis Aslanis, National Hellenic Research at Nanterre (UMR 7041). Foundation, Athens Reassessing chronology in prehistoric Greece and , 5000-3000 cal BC (TMO 69) de l’Antiquité She is a specialist of the Neolithic and Maya Avramova, National Museum of Anthropology, Bronze Age periods in the Aegean and the Balkans, and codirector of the Greek- Kamen Boyadzhiev, National Institute of Archaeology with Museum, Sofia French research project at the tell of Dikili This volume presents the results of a multidisciplinary research program (“Balkans 4000”) financed by Tash in Northern Greece. Yavor Boyadzhiev, National Institute of Archaeology with Museum, Sofia the French National Research Agency (ANR) and coordinated by the editor between 2007 and 2011, Dimitar Chernakov, Regional Historical Museum when she was a member of the Maison de l’Orient et de la Méditerranée (Laboratory of Archaeology and Zoï TSIRTSONI, chargée de recherche au CNRS, of Ruse Archaeometry). 192 new radiocarbon dates have been produced in the laboratories of Lyon, Saclay and THE HUMAN FACE est actuellement membre de l’UMR 7041 Stefan Chohadzhiev, Veliko Tarnovo University th Demokritos, from 34 archaeological sites, spanning the years from the end of the 6 to the beginning of Archéologies et Sciences de l’Antiquité à Kleio Dimitriou, Archaeologist the 3rd millennium BC. They shed light on the evolution of human settlement during the late stages of the OF RADIOCARBON Nanterre. Elle est spécialiste du Néolithique et Kerasia Douni, Greek Ministry of Culture, Neolithic period in Greece and Bulgaria, and more specifically on the transition from the Neolithic to the de l’âge du Bronze en Égée et dans les Balkans, Ephorate of Antiquities of Eastern Attica Early Bronze Age during the “obscure” 4th millennium BC. et codirige le programme de recherches franco- Georgi Ganetsovski, Regional Historical Museum hellénique sur le tell de Dikili Tash en Grèce of Vratsa Thirty-one scholars, archaeologists as well as radiocarbon scientists, are signing the contributions. du Nord. Olga Kakavogianni, Honorary Director of Reassessing chronology Antiquities, Greek Ministry of Culture Christos Karagiannopoulos, Greek Ministry of Ce volume présente les résultats d’un programme de recherche pluridisciplinaire (« Balkans 4000 ») financé in prehistoric Greece and Bulgaria, Culture, Ephorate of Antiquities of Karditsa par l’Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR) et coordonné par l’éditrice entre 2007 et 2011, lorsqu’elle 5000-3000 cal BC Christina Katsavou, Greek Ministry of Culture, était membre de la Maison de l’Orient et de la Méditerranée (laboratoire Archéologie et Archéométrie). Les Ephorate of Antiquities of Eastern Attica 192 nouvelles datations 14C, produites dans les laboratoires de Lyon, Saclay et Athènes (Demokritos) à partir Chaïdo Koukouli-Chrysanthaki, Emeritus e Director of Antiquities, Kavala d’échantillons venant de 34 sites en Grèce et en Bulgarie, couvrent la période s’étendant de la fin du VI au Krassimir Leshtakov, St. Kliment Ohridski Sofia début du IIIe millénaire av. J.-C. Ces datations éclairent l’évolution du peuplement durant les dernières phases University du Néolithique, et plus particulièrement la transition vers l’âge du Bronze durant « l’obscur » IVe millénaire. Dimitria Malamidou, Greek Ministry of Culture, Trente et un chercheurs, archéologues et spécialistes des datations 14C, signent les contributions rassemblées dans Ephorate of Antiquities of Kavala-Thasos ce volume. Yannis Maniatis, Laboratory of Archaeometry, N.C.S.R. Demokritos, Agia Paraskevi (Attica) Fanis Mavridis, Greek Ministry of Culture, Ephorate of Palaeoanthropology and Speleology Edited by Miltiadis Miteletsis, Greek Ministry of Culture, Zoï Tsirtsoni Ephorate of Antiquities of Pieria Vassil Nikolov, National Institute of Archaeology with Museum, Sofia Christine Oberlin, Radiocarbon Laboratory of THE HUMAN RADIOCARBON OF FACE Lyon, UMR 5138 Archaeology and Archaeometry Stratis Papadopoulos, Greek Ministry of Culture, Ephorate of Antiquities of Drama Vanya Petrova, St. Kliment Ohridski Sofia University Viktoria Petrova, National Institute of Archaeology with Museum, Sofia Anastasios Siros, Greek Ministry of Culture, Ephorate of Palaeoanthropology and Speleology Cover illustration Žarko Tankosić, Indiana University, Dept. of Destruction layer of house 1 at Dikili Tash, Anthropology © 2016 – Maison de l’Orient et de la Méditerranée – Jean Pouilloux, 7 rue Raulin, F-69365 Lyon CEDEX 07 Northern Greece, radiocarbon-dated to Nadezhda Todorova, St. Kliment Ohridski Sofia 4340-4260 cal BC (photos P. Darcque). University Giorgos Toufexis, Greek Ministry of Culture, ISSN 1955-4982 Ephorate of Antiquities of Larissa ISBN 978-2-35668-054-9 Illustration de couverture Elena Tselepi, Archaeologist Zoï Tsirtsoni, CNRS, UMR 7041 ArScAn, Couche de destruction de la maison 1 de 14 Nanterre Dikili Tash, Grèce du Nord, datée par le C Maya Valentinova, Regional Historical Museum de 4340-4260 av. J.-C. (photos P. Darcque). of Lovech 9 782356 680549 Prix : 45 €

The Human Face of Radiocarbon MAISON DE L’ORIENT ET DE LA MÉDITERRANÉE – JEAN POUILLOUX (université Lumière Lyon 2 – CNRS)

Publications dirigées par Lilian Postel

Derniers titres parus dans la série TMO (Travaux de la Maison de l’Orient) TMO 55 Entre nomades et sédentaires. Prospections en Syrie du Nord et en Jordanie du Sud, sous la direction de P.‑L. Gatier, B. Geyer et M.‑O. Rousset, 2010, 288 p. (ISBN 978‑2‑35668‑014‑3) TMO 56 Regards croisés sur l’étude archéologique des paysages anciens. Nouvelles recherches dans le Bassin méditerranéen, en Asie centrale et au Proche et au Moyen-Orient. Actes des rencontres internationales « Broadening Horizons / Élargir les Horizons », édité par H. Alarashi, M.‑L. Chambrade, S. Gondet, A. Jouvenel, C. Sauvage et H. Tronchère, 2010, 256 p. (ISBN 978‑2‑35668‑017‑4), ouvrage consultable sur Persée (www.persee.fr/collection/mom) TMO 57 Le Tell d’Akkaz au Koweït / Tell Akkaz in Kuwait, sous la direction de J. Gachet‑Bizollon / under the direction of J. Gachet-Bizollon, 2011, 440 p. (ISBN 978‑2‑35668‑018‑1) TMO 58 Ancestral Landscapes. Burial mounds in the Copper and Bronze Ages (Central and Eastern Europe – Balkans – Adriatic – Aegean, 4th-2nd millennium B.C.). Proceedings of the International Conference held in Udine, May 15th-18th 2008, edited by E. Borgna, S. Müller Celka, 2011, 608 p. (ISBN 978‑2‑35668‑022‑8) TMO 59 Al-Hadir. Étude archéologique d’un hameau de Qinnasrin (Syrie du Nord, vii e-xii e siècles), sous la direction de M.‑O. Rousset, 2012, 256 p. (ISBN 978‑2‑35668‑023‑5) TMO 60 Les céramiques communes dans leur contexte régional : faciès de consommation et mode d’approvi- sionnement. Actes de la table ronde organisée à Lyon les 2 et 3 février 2009 à la Maison de l’Orient et de la Méditerranée, sous la direction de C. Batigne Vallet, 2012, 330 p. (ISBN 978‑2‑35668‑024‑2), ouvrage consultable sur Persée (www.persee.fr/collection/mom) TMO 61 Routes maritimes et systèmes d’échanges internationaux au Bronze récent en Méditerranée orientale, C. Sauvage, 2012, 376 p. (ISBN 978‑2‑35668‑028‑0) TMO 62 Zeugma III. Fouilles de l’habitat (2) : la maison des Synaristôsai / Nouvelles inscriptions, sous la direction de C. Abadie‑Reynal, 2012, 216 p. (ISBN 978‑2‑35668‑025‑9) TMO 63 Zeugma IV. Les monnaies, D. Frascone, 2013, 368 p. (ISBN 978‑2‑35668‑038‑9) TMO 64 Zeugma V. Les objets, N. Dieudonné‑Glad, M. Feugère et M. Önal (avec des contri butions de R. Bernadet et J.‑B. Yon), 2013, 439 p. (ISBN 978‑2‑35668‑039‑6) TMO 65 Le sanctuaire de Claros et son oracle. Actes du colloque international de Lyon, 13‑14 janvier 2012, édité par J.‑Cl. Moretti, avec la collaboration de L. Rabatel, 2014, 260 p. (ISBN 978‑2‑35668‑047‑1) TMO 66 Les baux ruraux en Grèce ancienne : corpus épigraphique et étude, I. Pernin, 2014, 632 p. (ISBN 978‑2‑ 35668‑040‑2) TMO 67 Kition-Bamboula VI. Le sanctuaire sous la colline, A. Caubet, S. Fourrier et M. Yon, 2015, 416 p. (ISBN 978‑2‑35668‑048‑8) TMO 68 Zeugma VI. La Syrie romaine. Permanences et transferts culturels, C. Abadie‑Reynal et J.‑B. Yon, Lyon, 2015, 304 p. (ISBN 978‑2‑35668‑049‑5), ouvrage consultable sur Persée (www.persee.fr/collection/mom)

The human face of radiocarbon: reassessing chronology in prehistoric Greece and Bulgaria, 5000-3000 cal BC, edited by Zoï Tsirtsoni, 2016 – 520 p., avec 370 ill. dont 108 en coul., 30 cm (Travaux de la Maison de l’Orient; 69). Mots-clés : Néolithique, Chalcolithique, âge du Bronze, monde égéen, Balkans, datation, radiocarbone. Keywords : Neolithic, Chalcolithic, Bronze Age, Aegean, Balkans, Absolute chronology, Radiocarbon dating.

ISSN 1955‑4982 ISBN 978‑2‑35668‑054‑9

© 2016 Maison de l’Orient et de la Méditerranée – Jean Pouilloux, 7 rue Raulin, F‑69365 Lyon Cedex 07

Composition et maquette : Nelly Clion

Les ouvrages de la collection « Travaux de la Maison de l’Orient » sont en vente : à la Maison de l’Orient et de la Méditerranée – Publications, 7 rue Raulin, F‑69365 Lyon Cedex 07 www.mom.fr/publications – [email protected] chez De Boccard Éditions‑Diffusion, Paris – www.deboccard.com et au Comptoir des Presses d’Universités, Paris – www.lcdpu.fr TRAVAUX DE LA MAISON DE L’ORIENT ET DE LA MÉDITERRANÉE N° 69

THE HUMAN FACE OF RADIOCARBON

Reassessing Chronology in prehistoric Greece and Bulgaria, 5000‑3000 cal BC

Edited by

Zoï TSIRTSONI

Ouvrage publié avec le soutien de l’INSTAP (Institute for Aegean Prehistory) Undertaken with the assistance of the Institute for Aegean Prehistory

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Preface (Zoï tsirtsoni) ...... 9 Chapter 1. The chronological framework in Greece and Bulgaria between the late 6th and the early 3rd millennium BC, and the “Balkans 4000” project (Zoï tsirtsoni) ...... 13

Chapter 2. “Balkans 4000”: the radiocarbon dates from archaeological contexts (Yannis Maniatis, Christine oberlin and Zoï tsirtsoni) ...... 41

Northeast Bulgaria

Chapter 3. The prehistoric cemetery at Smyadovo, Shumen district (Stefan Chohadzhiev) ...... 69

Chapter 4. Settlement mound near the village of Kosharna (Dimitar Chernakov) ...... 85

Northwest Bulgaria Chapter 5. An early fourth millennium settlement near the village of Bezhanovo, Lovech Region (Maya valentinova) ...... 99 Chapter 6. The prehistoric settlement in the Ezeroto locality near the village of Borovan, Northwestern Bulgaria (Georgi Ganetsovski) ...... 115

Bulgarian Chapter 7. Tell Karanovo: the hiatus between the Late Copper and the Early Bronze Age (Vassil nikolov and Viktoria Petrova) ...... 127

Chapter 8. Archaeological excavations at Tell Karnobat (Yavor boyadzhiev and Kamen boyadzhiev) ...... 141

Chapter 9. Radiocarbon dates from Tell Yunatsite (Yavor boyadzhiev and Ioannis aslanis) ...... 157

Rhodopes Chapter 10. The Final Chalcolithic site in the “Gradishteto” locality near the village of Dolno Dryanovo, Southwest Bulgaria (Nadezhda todorova) ...... 169

Chapter 11. Late Chalcolithic Tatul (Krassimir leshtakov, Nadezhda todorova and Vanya Petrova) ...... 187

Chapter 12. The Late Chalcolithic site of Orlitsa (Yavor boyadzhiev and Kamen boyadzhiev) ...... 209

Chapter 13. Investigations at the Chalcolithic settlement at Varhari (Yavor boyadzhiev and Kamen boyadzhiev) ...... 231 Chapter 14. The Yagodina Cave and the final stages of the Chalcolithic in the Western (Nadezhda todorova and Maya avraMova) ...... 249

Greek Eastern Macedonia Chapter 15. The Late Neolithic II (Chalcolithic)‑Early Bronze Age transition at the tell of Dikili Tash (Zoï tsirtsoni) ...... 271 8 the huMan faCe of radioCarbon: reassessinG ChronoloGy in PrehistoriC GreeCe and bulGaria 5000-3000 Cal bC

Chapter 16. Kryoneri, Nea Kerdyllia: a settlement of the Late Neolithic and Early Bronze Age on the lower Strymon valley, Eastern Macedonia (Dimitria MalaMidou) ...... 299

Chapter 17. The “Katarraktes” Cave at Sidirokastro, Serres District (Anastasios siros and Miltiadis Miteletsis) ...... 317 Chapter 18. The island of Thasos from the Neolithic to the Early Bronze Age. Excavation data and absolute dates (Chaïdo koukouli-Chrysanthaki and Stratis PaPadoPoulos) ...... 339

Thessaly Chapter 19. Palioskala. A Late Neolithic, Final Neolithic and Early Bronze Age settlement in the Eastern Thessalian plain, Central Greece (Giorgos toufexis) ...... 361 Chapter 20. Prodromos Karditsas, Magoula Agios Ioannis. A prehistoric settlement in the Western Thessalian plain (Christos karaGiannoPoulos) ...... 381 Chapter 21. The settlement at the Mikrothives interchange and the transition from the Chalcolithic to the Early Bronze Age (Vassiliki adryMi-sisMani) ...... 395

Southern Greece Chapter 22. The Later Neolithic Stages in Central‑Southern Greece based on the evidence from the excavations at the Agia Triada Cave, Southern Euboea (Fanis Mavridis, Žarko Tankosić) ...... 419 Chapter 23. The Neolithic and Early Bronze Age settlement in Merenta, Attica, in its regional context (Olga kakavoGianni, Elena tselePi, Kleio diMitriou, Christina katsavou and Kerasia douni) ...... 437

Chapter 24. Concluding remarks (Zoï tsirtsoni) ...... 453

General bibliography ...... 465

Table of illustrations ...... 507 The human face of radiocarbon TMO 69, Maison de l’Orient et de la Méditerranée, Lyon, 2016

CHAPTER 16

KRYONERI, NEA KERDYLLIA: A SETTLEMENT OF THE LATE NEOLITHIC AND EARLY BRONZE AGE ON THE LOWER STRYMON VALLEY, EASTERN MACEDONIA

Dimitria MalaMidou 1

The site and its location 2

The prehistoric settlement of Kryoneri occupies the south slope of a low hill (.about 20-25 m above sea level), in the foothills of Mt Kerdyllion, west of the Strymon river (fig. 1: no. 37). The limits of the prehistoric settlement can be estimated by the extent of anthropogenic deposits on the hill, as shown on the topographic map (fig. 2). A substantial amount of the archaeological deposits on the east side of the hill have been removed by the construction of the Thessaloniki-Nigrita secondary road. Given that in the area east of the road there are no archaeological deposits in situ but only thin wash levels, we can assume that the total area of the settlement was not larger than 0.3-0.4 ha. To the southeast of the site there are still fresh water springs from which the toponym “Kryoneri” is derived. These springs also existed in the prehistoric period and probably fed a small shallow marshy lake, as shown by geomorphological studies 3. The Kastrolakkas, a torrent to the southwest of the hill, almost certainly flowed continuously during this period. The low hills stretching out to the west of the site are in a zone of fertile neogene soils, which would have been perfect for cultivation and pasture 4. Mt Kerdyllio, which was then more forested, provided opportunities for hunting and for gathering nuts and berries. The distance from the sea is today no more than 5 km, probably about the same as in the Neolithic period 5. Fish bones and sea shells indicate the use of marine resources by the inhabitants of the settlement. Dominating the region is the river Strymon, which forms a natural communication route between the Aegean sea and the Balkan hinterland. This river route played an important role in the distribution and exchange of commodities, crafts and ideas from the prehistoric period until historical times 6. The lower Strymon valley (or Serres plain) is scattered with prehistoric settlements, identified through non- systematic surveys. The majority of them lie in the area to the east of the Strymon 7, while there are considerably fewer to the west of the river 8 (see fig. 1). This distribution reflects perhaps the fact that west of the river the

1. Greek Ministry of Culture and Sports, Ephorate of Antiquities of Kavala-Thasos. 2. Text translated from Greek by Nicola Wardle-Hunter. 3. Lespez et al. 2004. 4. Fotiadis 1985. 5. Perissoratis & Mitropoulos 1989. 6. Todorova et al. 2007. 7. Grammenos & Fotiadis 1980; Fotiadis 1985; Grammenos 1991. 8. Poulios 2000; Tolia-Christakou 2008.