THE MILITANT Published in the Interest of the Working People

Vol. 30 - No. 19 Monday, May 9, 1966 Price 10c Ala. Rights Party Has Deep Roots By John Benson John Benson recently spent a didates from among these people, number of days in Lowndes in a kind of primary of their own. County, Ala., to report on the Having so many people compet­ Black Panther party for T he Mili­ ing for the nominations has in­ tant. creased interest in the party. Each candidate is a party builder. The MAY 1 — When I arrived in only way he or she can win the Lowndes County I didn’t know party’s nomination is to get people what I would find. I knew that to join the party, come to the the Black Panther party had been nominating meeting and vote. formed in opposition to the Demo­ All of the candidates stressed cratic and Republican parties, and, the need to build the mass nomi­ with Negroes outnumbering whites nating meeting. Everyone is in the county four to one, it might running on the same platform, be able to win — assuming the the goals of the Freedom Organi­ elections were fair. I had heard zation. The decision revolves of one SNCC worker, Stokely around who will be the most com­ Carmichael, who was in the petent to fill the posts. county. But I was totally unprepared A Contrast for what I actually found. The Several features of the meeting determination and confidence of reflected the attitude of the peo­ Negroes here is something I had ple building the new party. Capi­ never seen before. This movement talist politics has made even the is rooted in the most oppressed word “politics” sound like some­ people of the county, and has thing dirty, underhanded and dis­ brought to the fore a strong local honest. But the fairness, honesty leadership that is aware of its and frankness of this meeting goals and determined to reach stood out in sharp contrast. Com­ them. There is a core of local peting candidates never made per­ Negroes who work full time, with sonal attacks upon one another — MAY DAY, SAIGON, Workers, women and youth marched through downtown Saigon on the In­ the SNCC workers, building the they simply told why they wanted ternational workers’ holiday. The banners denounced U.S. bombing of countryside and use of party. to fill the post in question; The poison chemicals. and demanded an end to the war and withdrawal of U.S. troops. While some My first experience in Lowndes candidate for coroner, who is un­ U.S. press reports said a few thousand participated, the UPI dispatch from Saigon accompany­ was at the regular Sunday eve­ opposed as yet, appealed for some­ ing this radio photograph placed the number at 100,000. ning mass meeting, attended by one to run against him. about 250 Negroes. I had expected The attitude of the candidates that SNCC would play a dominant and why they are running was role, but the whole meeting was expressed by one of the candi­ run by local people. Almost every dates for tax collector. She began, speaker was an activist who had “It would be useless for me to lived in Lowndes most of his or say I’m experienced because we’ve S. Vietnamese Cry for Peace, her life. The meeting was run in never had a colored tax collec­ a very businesslike and serious tor.” m anner. “Do you have a colored sheriff?” It was a special meeting. The asked one of the speakers. “Not candidates seeking the nomination yet!” came the enthusiastic reply of the Freedom Organization from the audience. U. S. Maps New Escalation (which has become known as the Met Candidates Black Panther party because of Several days after this meeting, By Dick Roberts claimed a total north Vietnamese Vietnamese people, north or south, troop strength of 14,000 in south its symbol), spoke. Most of the I had a chance to meet one of MAY 3 — With cynical dis­ have every right to fight against Vietnam. offices up for election in Novem­ the candidates for tax collector, regard for the overwhelming Washington’s invasion of their Over three months later, on country. ber are being contested within Frank Miles, Jr., who is also an sentiment for the withdrawal of A pril 4, the New York Times Even in the speech to the Cham­ the new party. On May 3, at a officer of the Black Panther party. U.S. troops demonstrated by the carried an AP dispatch datelined ber of Commerce, McNamara ad­ mass nominating meeting the party He explained why he had decided south Vietnamese people, Defense Saigon, which estimated that of a mitted that the political crisis in membership will choose their can- to run. “The only reason I had Secretary McNamara promised total of 75,000 troops in the main south Vietnam for the last six been in that office before was to yesterday that more troops would force of the NLF, about 15,000 pay some money. They didn’t want be sent to Vietnam to counter weeks had upset U.S. military ef­ forts. It is well known that U.S. anybody in that office for any­ “increasing infiltration” from the were said to be from north Viet­ Mexican Students puppet dictator Nguyen Cao Ky thing else. I wanted to change north. McNamara’s bellicose nam. That is an increase of only had to call his crack troops off Target of 'Red' Hunt that. They just didn’t want Negroes speech was delivered to the U.S. 1,000 in three m onths —, and it happened to cover the period dur­ the battlefields in order to restore in the courthouse, period. I thought Chamber of Commerce. The Justice Department of ing which McNamara used pre­ stability to Saigon. Striking south I’d go and be over there.” From 181,000 at the beginning the Mexican government told He also explained why he want­ cisely the same phony story to ex­ Vietnamese soldiers and workers the press April 28 that it had of the year, the U.S. troop strength cuse the resumption of bombing have tied up the airbase and sea­ ed an independent party. “I don’t in south Vietnam has already uncovered a “plot” to install want to be in the other man’s of north Vietnam Jan. 31. port in Danang. grown to 255,000 not including the But the fact of the matter is the (Continued on Page 6) a “red regime.” Eight arrests party, and he doesn’t want me troops in Thailand and in the off­ had been made in a raid on there either. If he did want me, shore navy fleet, possibly number­ the Revolutionary Workers he wouldn’t let me control it. I ing an additional 85,000. party, a “Trotskyist” group don’t see what the Democratic headed by “J. Posadas.” Party has to offer.” Fake Claim Mr. Miles also asked me to ex­ In an obvious smear at­ plain that anyone can join the However, this huge troop in­ tempt, the police said the par­ Freedom Organization, including crease and the one McNamara ty fomented the current stu­ whites. “But we’re hot going look­ “predicted” yesterday have very dent demonstrations at the ing for the white man. We’re not little to do with the so-called in­ University of Mexico. How­ going to wait. We’re not going filtration from north Vietnam. ever these were not led by to leave any posts open waiting Every time Washington has shout­ ed “outside subversion,” actual in­ the small ultraleft Posadas for him.” He was confident the new party would win because so formation released weeks or group although its members months later has shown the claims participated. many places in the county were like the area he lives in: “Every­ to be false, or at best, exaggerat­ "PRESIDENT JOHNSON Among those arrested was ed. one follows the Panther.” SPENDS MANY HOURS Adolfo Gilly, who is known to I also traveled around the county For instance, McNamara cited American socialists through with John Hullet, chairman of the the figure of a monthly infiltra­ A DAY IN RELENTLESS his articles in the M onthly party. I gained an appreciation of tion rate of 4,500 in the Chamber PURSUIT OF PEACE." R eview on the Cuban and the Negroes’ demand for paving of Commerce speech. This is not V/CE-PRES. HUMPHREY the roads. After a day of driving a new figure for the glib secretary. ( NAT. DEM. WOMENS CAMPAIGN CONF. Guatemalan revolutions. (See - APRIL 10, '66 ). next week’s issue for a full on dust roads, I could run my He has been using it since last De­ account of the witch-hunt.) tongue over my teeth and taste cember. But the Mansfield Report, (Continued on Page 2) which was prepared in December, Page Two THE MILITANT Monday, May 9, 1966 Vietnam Teach-In Malcolm X Speaks ...A la. Freedom Party (Continued from Page 1) Held at Bay Area the dust. At night there was a layer of dust on the bed. Junior College The following statements by come downtown usually are the The dust roads are in the Negro Malcolm X, from meetings and in­ type, you know, who almost lose section — the roads in front of SAN FRANCISCO — The Col­ terviews in the last months of his their identity — they lose their the whites’ homes are paved. A lege of Marin, a small junior col­ life, are reprinted from the book, soul, so to speak — so that they white family lives on one of the lege in the suburbs of San Fran­ Malcolm X Speaks, with the per­ are n o t in a po sitio n to serve as a dirt roads going through the Ne­ cisco, held its second Vietnam mission of M erit Publishers, 5 bridge between the m ilitant whites gro area. The only stretch of that teach-in on April 28. Seventy stu­ East 3rd St., New York, N. Y. and the m ilitant blacks; that type road which is paved is in front dents turned out to hear speakers 10003. Copyright 1965 by M erit can’t do it. I hate to hit him like and a short distance on either from San Francisco State College Publishers. that, but it’s true. He has lost his side of that one house. discuss the war and the antiwar identity, he has lost his feeling, Because of the rural nature of m ovem ent. Installment 26 and usually — play it cool, please Lowndes, organizing is done by Kipp Dawson, former Chairman MILITANT WHITES AND — he usually has actually lost his driving from home to home. Mr. of the San Francisco State College BLACKS contact with Harlem himself. So Hullet has been doing this for Vietnam Day Committee and a that he serves no purpose, he’s one year now, leaving his home representative of the Bring the Malcolm: The brother wanted to almost rootless, he’s not uptown early in the morning and generally Troops Home Now Newsletter, dis­ know what practical steps could and he’s not fully downtown. not returning until at least 10 p.m. cussed the history of foreign ag­ be taken to confront this unjust So when the day comes when We stopped at a number of gression in Vietnam. She pointed situation that exists here in New the whites who are really fe d up homes. The first question he asks out that the only non-Vietnamese York and get some meaningful — I don't mean these jive whites, is whether the eligible adults in soldiers fighting there now are results. The one mistake that has who pose as liberals and who are the family are registered to vote. Americans and allies of the U.S. been made in the struggle of the not, but those who are fed up Then he explains what the Free­ She discussed the connection be­ oppressed against the oppressor is with what is going on — when dom Organization is, and explains tween the current anti-U.S. dem­ that it’s been factionalized too they learn how to really establish the importance of the May 3 onstrations in Vietnam and the much — too many factions. You’ve the proper type of communication nominating meeting. “In Lowndes growth of the antiwar movement got downtown factions, uptown John Hullet with those uptown who are fed County,” he told one woman, “we in the U.S. factions, crosstown factions and up, and they get some coordinated w ill have three parties — the Re­ Lucille Birnbaum, Professor of some basement factions. Instead of Mr. Hullet lived outside the action going, you’ll get some publicans, the Democrats, and our History at San Francisco State them having any degree of coor­ county a few years, and was ac­ changes. You’ll get some changes. p a rty .” College, said that the hope of end­ dination toward a common objec­ tive in the Birmingham civil And it w ill take both, it w ill take Then he explained that she ing the war lies with the young tive, usually they are divided and everything that you’ve got, it w ill couldn’t both come to the Black rights movement. Many of the people who “have not become in­ spend a lot of time either being take tha t. Panther nominating meeting and other leaders were active in the different to the idea of killing.” suspicious of each other, or knock­ But how many sitting here right vote in the Democratic primary, M o n tg om e ry bus b o yco tt in 1956. ing at each other, or even outright now feel that they could truly and asked her what she thought Some people in Lowndes work Second Thoughts fighting each other. identify with a struggle that was of the primary. She said she sort in Montgomery, which is only Whereas you have black people The final speaker was Herb designed to eliminate the basic of liked Flowers, the present state thirty miles away, and were part in Harlem who are militant, they Williams, Professor of Anthropolo­ causes that create the conditions Attorney General. Martin Luther of the car pool which made the don’t go for white people down­ gy at San Francisco State. After that exist? Not very many. They King has been stumping the state, boycott a success. town too much, no matter how he mentioned that he fought in can jive; but when it comes to urging Negroes to vote for The first big test for the Black m ilitant they are. Now the blacks World War II, a student asked Dr. identifying yourself w ith a struggle Flowers. Mr. Hullet asked her, Panther party w ill take place at who come downtown and m ix with Williams if he felt differently that is not endorsed by the power “What’s he ever done, not said, the May 3 mass nominating meet­ the whites who are m ilitant, usual­ about the two wars. structure, that is not acceptable, that indicates he’s for Negroes?” ing. During one of the meetings ly don’t even know how to talk to He answered: “That’s hard to where the ground rules are not The answer was, “ Nothing.” of the executive committee of the the blacks who are still uptown. say. When I first began to think laid down by the society which “Isn’t Flowers just making a lot party I attended, there was a dis­ I had to bring this out. I’ve noticed about it I felt that World War II you live in and which you’re strug­ of promises to Negroes that he cussion of how to get the largest it from observation. was a just war, compared to the gling against — you can’t identify won’t carry out?” he asked. turnout possible. A suggestion was You have all types of people war in Vietnam. When I think with that, you step back. Since this area had not been made to have a sound truck go who are fed up with what’s going back, though, I begin to realize Oh, when things get bad enough, canvassed for a long time, Mr. across the county on May 2. Few on. You have whites who are fed that we were lied to then, too. We everybody gets into the act. And Hullet arranged to hold a com­ people have cars, so transportation up, you have blacks who are fed were told we were bombing stra­ that’s what is coming — in 1965. munity meeting in her home at had to be organized. It was de­ up. The whites who are fed up tegic areas when in reality we (Militant Labor Forum, Jan. 7, which the candidates would speak cided to hold the meeting at 3 p.m. can’t come uptown too easily be­ were killing only grandmothers, 1965) and local organizers would be so people would not have to miss cause people uptown are more fed babies and old men. There are chosen. a whole day’s work. up than anybody else, and they Marlene Nadle noted that Mal­ similarities between the two are so fed up that it’s not so easy colm “considers all m ilitant whites w a rs.” to come uptown. possible allies. He qualifies the Socialist Education Fund Whereas the blacks uptown who possibility. And woven into the qualifications are the threads of Lincoln Brigade Vets the emotions running through The General Falls Behind H a rle m .” Win Long SACB Fight Malcolm: If we are going to Weekly Calendar By Marvel Scholl The Emergency Civil Liberties work together, the blacks must Fund Director take the lead in their own fight. Committee announced a victory on The rate for advertising in this column In phase one, the white led. We’re We have conducted campaigns those who have become active in April 28 in a case it has been is 40 cents a line. Display ads are $2 a going into phase two now. to raise funds to support socialist the movement to stop the war in fighting for over a decade. The column inch. There is a ten percent dis­ This phase w ill be full of re­ activities for some years now. Vietnam. Many independent so­ Subversive A c tiv itie s C o n tro l count for regular advertisers. Advertising bellion and hostility. Blacks w ill Most of the money collected for cialists are among our readers as must reach us by the Monday prior to fight whites for the right to make these funds comes from organized w e ll. Board has finally dropped its at­ the date of publication. decisions that affect the struggle groups of socialists and their I would urge all of them who tempt to force the Veterans of the CHICAGO in order to arrive at their man­ friends throughout the country. support the cause of socialism and Abraham Lincoln Brigade to reg­ hood and self-respect. all of those who believe that peo­ SOCIALISM AND THE NEW RADI­ The Fund Scoreboard on this ister as a “Communist front” or­ The hostility is good. It’s been page lists the cities where groups ple should be given an opportu­ CALS. How this generation can change ganization. society. Speaker: Doug Jenness, editor bottled up too long. When we have pledged to reach a certain nity to hear socialist ideas to be­ The ECLC said that it would of the Young Socialist. Fri. M ay 13, stop always saying yes to Mr. goal, listed in the Quota column, come regular contributors to these 8 p.m . Debs H all, 302 S. Canal St. Charlie and turning the hate for the current Socialist Educa­ socialist funds. And please start now seek the removal of the Ausp. Friday Night Socialist Forum. against ourselves, we w ill begin tio n Fund. by making some contribution — V A L B ’s nam e fro m the A tto rn e y General’s list of “subversive” or­ • to be free. The contributions of our readers no matter how small — to the Miss Nadle asked how he who are not acquainted with any current fund. ganizations. LOS ANGELES planned to get white militants to of the groups are listed in the last The fund-drive period is just a The recent victory maintains a INVITATION TO AN INQUEST. A work w ith him when he was send­ item of the Scoreboard, called little more than half over, 57 per­ perfect record: every organization discussion of revelations in book about ing out slings and arrows at them. General. This time we hope to re­ cent over to be exact, but only 37 which has fought in the courts frame-up o f Rosenbergs and M orton So- Malcolm: We’ll have to try to ceive $600 from them. percent of the $600 needed from against the federal government’s bell. Speakers: Max Corner o f the So- rectify that. I’d like to ask our unaffiliated individual contributors has been efforts to force it to register as a bell Committee, Max Geldman and “Communist front” has won. Sheavy Geldman of the SWP. Fri., May It would be difficult to get m il­ readers to take the responsibility sent in thus far. So send your con­ 13, 8:30 p.m. 1702 E. Fourth St. C ontrib. itant whites and blacks together. to see that the $600 quota is filled. tribution now, to Socialist Educa­ $1. Ausp. Militant Labor Forum. The whites can’t come uptown too There are many new readers of tion Fund, 873 Broadway, New • * * easily because the people aren’t The Militant, especially among Y o rk , N . Y. 10003. NOTE TIME CHANGE. SOCIALIST feeling too friendly. The black VIEW OF THE NEWS. A bi-weekly com­ who goes downtown loses his mentary by SWP spokesman Theodore identity, loses his soul. He’s in no Edwards. Mon., May 16, 6 p.m. Re- position to be a bridge because he Fund Scoreboard WATTS broadcast Thurs., May 19, I p.m. KPFK- has lost contact w ith Harlem. Our Paid Percent FM (90.7 on dial). Branch Quota AND Negro leaders never had contact, Boston $1,200 $ 962 80 so they can’t do it. San Diego 200 125 63 The only person who could is 852 58 N EW YORK D e tro it 1,400 someone who is completely trusted Chicago 1,800 1,020 57 H O W EFFECTIVE IS THE A N TIW A R by the black community. If I were HARLEM St. L o uis 150 86 57 MOVEM ENT? Speaker: Judy White, to try, I would have to be very chairman, C am bridge C om m ittee to End Philadelphia 300 169 56 the War in Vietnam, editor of Bring the diplomatic, because there are parts C leveland 1,000 555 55 of Harlem where you don’t dare The Rising Revolt Troops Home Now Newsletter. Fri., May Minneapolis-St. Paul 1,000 503 50 13, 8:30 p.m. 873 Broadway, at 18th St. mention the idea. (From Marlene New York 5,800 2,166 37 In the Black Ghettos Contrib. $1, students 50c. Ausp. Militant N adle, Village Voice, Feb. 25, A lle n to w n 175 55 32 Labor Forum. 1965) • N e w a rk 150 46 31 San Francisco 900 282 31 by Robert Vernon TWIN CITIES This country, with its institu­ O akla nd 900 250 28 and George Novack JOSEPH JOHNSON: "A MAN WITH­ tions, belongs to the people who M ilw a u k e e 400 81 20 OUT A COUNTRY." The Twin Cities or­ inhabit it. Whenever they shall Los Angeles 4,400 663 15 ganizer of the Socialist Workers Party grow weary of the existing gov­ Denver 125 5 4 25c will speak about the efforts of the gov­ ernment, they can exercise their Seattle 500 0 0 ernment to deprive him of citizenship constitutional right of amending it, G eneral 600 220 37 MERIT PUBLISHERS and banish him. Fri., May 13, 8:30 p.m. or their revolutionary right to dis­ 704 Hennepin Ave. Rm. 204. M innea­ 5 East Third St. member or overthrow it. — Abra­ polis. Ausp. Friday Night Socialist Totals through May 2 $21,000 8,040 38 New York. N. Y. 10003 Forum. ham Lincoln Monday, May 9, 1966 THE MILITANT Page Three NEW DISCLOSURES ON CIA th e MILITANT Editor: JOSEPH HANSEN World-Wide Subversive Network Managing Editor: BARRY SHEPPARD Business Manager: KAROLYN KERRY By Alex Harte some countries has been the prin­ Published weekly, except during July and August when published bi-weekly, cipal arm of American policy. by The Militant Publishing Ass’n., 873 Broadway, New York, N. Y. 10003. Phone The New York Times recently “It is said, for instance, to have 533-6414. Second-class postage paid at New York, N. Y. Subscription: $3 a year; ran a series of five large articles Canadian, $3.50; foreign, $4.50. Signed articles by contributors do not necessarily been so successful at infiltrating represent The Militant’s views. These are expressed in editorials. on the CIA. Four of the Tim es’ the top of the Indonesian govern­ leading reporters and many other ment and army that the United members of its staff gathered in­ States was reluctant to disrupt Vol. 30 - No. 19 <^^>345 M onday, M ay 9, 1966 formation and opinions on the sin­ CIA covering operations by with­ ister agency from “informed drawing aid and information pro­ Americans throughout the world.” gram s in 1964 and 1965. W hat w as Pigs invasion three years before, The CIA has conducted two who were enrolled in Miami. Their It “obtained reports from 20 presented officially in Washington counterrevolutionary wars in Latin foreign correspondents and edi­ as toleration of President Sukar­ planes were serviced by 20 British America so far. tors with recent service in more mechanics. They strafed the rebel no’s insults and provocations was G uatem ala: In 1954, it en­ than 35 countries and from report­ fighters who had ambushed a col­ in much larger measure a desire gineered the coup against the re­ umn of 600 government troops and ers in Washington who interviewed to keep the CIA fronts in business formist government of Arbenz who 100 South A frican and Rhodesian more than 50 present and former as long as possible. white mercenary killers. was not sufficiently subservient to government officials, members of “Though it is not thought to the United Fruit Company and Congress and military officers.” have been involved in any of the Algeria: The agency, writes the other American interests. One in­ The Tim es report amounts to an maneuvering that has curbed Tim es, “gathers special dossiers on cident during this operation shows official admission — even if in­ President Sukarno’s power in re­ the activities of various national­ how little consideration the CIA complete and probably toned- cent months, the agency was well ist and liberation movements and gives to national sovereignty and down — of what the CIA has done poised to follow events and to befriends opposition leaders in international legality, not only of in the past few years. While rad­ predict the emergence of anti- such countries as Algeria and the its opponents but of its allies. A icals and many governments have Communist forces.” United Arab Republic, in the hope P-38 fighter, piloted by an Ameri­ charged that the CIA intervenes that it can predict upheavals or Laos: On orders from Eisen­ can, bombarded a British ship directly and violently in the polit­ munist China. With the help of at least be familiar with new how er and Dulles in 1960, CIA which was believed to be carrying ical life of many nations in Latin General Phao Sriyanod, the police rulers if their bids for power are chief of Thailand and a leading agents, disguised as “military ad­ aircraft to the legal Arbenz gov­ America, Asia and Africa, this successful. ernm ent. time the information comes from narcotics dealer, the Nationalist visers,” stuffed ballot boxes and “The CIA, long in advance, had the horse's mouth. mercenaries, with U.S. planes and engineered local uprisings to help information on the plan by which Cuba: Seven years later, the The Tim es reports in the most gold, went into the opium trade. a hand-picked strongman, General Algerian Army officers overthrew CIA sponsored the expedition Phoumi Nosavan, set up a “pro- bland and nonchalant way a series They are still doing business in Ahmed Ben Bella last June — but which took off from secret train­ of horrible crimes carried out by th at area. American government.” Later, the it did not know the month in which ing camps in Guatemala and Nica­ this agency of the ruling class. Cambodia: In 1958, the CIA Kennedy administration changed the officers would make their ragua to invade Cuba. This liberal paper takes for grant­ mounted an operation involving this policy and negotiated with the move, and it had nothing to do Less well-known was the con­ ed these crimes are necessary. south Vietnamese agents and na­ Soviet Union and other powers to with plotting or carrying out the tamination of the cargo of Cuban It also fails to draw the obvious tive rebels to overthrow Prince substitute the neutralist regime coup.” sugar aboard a British freighter now in office. conclusion that it documents: The Sihanouk because of his neutralist Egypt: “Thanks to contacts with which had to put in for repairs in report demolishes the most cher­ leanings. This effort failed. Iran : In 1953, the CIA m aster­ Gamal Abdel Nasser before he San Juan, Puerto Rico, in August ished myth of U.S. foreign policy, Indonesia: That same year, the minded the overthrow of the rad­ seized power in Egypt, .the CIA 1962. W hen this stroke w as that the aim of that policy is to CIA flew in supplies from Taiwan ical bourgeois nationalist Premier had almost intimate dealings with brought to President Kennedy’s protect and spread democracy and and the Philippines to aid army Mohammed Mossadegh who threat­ the Nasser government before the attention, he was “furious, because freedom in the world. What the officers in revolt against President ened the interests of the oil com­ United States drew his ire by the operation had taken place on report shows is a brutal and Sukarno in Sumatra and Java. An panies. This piece of subversion reneging on its promised aid to American territory, because it cynical agency working with any American pilot, shot down on a was directed by Kermit Roosevelt build the Aswan Dam. would, if discovered, provide the who afterwards boasted of his means to preserve, protect and bombing mission in connection Ghana: The Tim es gives no in­ Soviet Union with a propaganda extend the system of American success in bribing mobs to act with this venture, was released formation on the recent military field day, and because it would imperialism. only at the urgent insistence of against the Premier and restore set a terrible precedent for chem­ the Shah to his throne. coup against Nkrumah, although A summary of some of the work the Kennedy administration in it has been widely rumored that ical sabotage in the undeclared of this agency, which puts to 1962. South Vietnam: The CIA built both the CIA and British intel­ ‘back-alley’ struggle that rages shame the past machinations of In 1965, the CIA chalked up up Diem as its prize puppet and ligence had a hand in the con­ constantly between the West and former imperialisms, follows: greater success in Indonesia. Here its support sustained his tyranny spiracy that brought about his the Communist countries.” Burm a: In the early 1950’s, the is how the Tim es delicately de­ until 1962. The Tim es says noth­ overthrow while on a trip to the “Not so melodramatically,” the CIA gathered remnants of Chiang- scribes this imperialist agency’s ing about its more recent activities Communist countries in East Asia. Tim es sums up, “the agency runs Kai-shek’s defeated armies in the part in the bloody Army takeover there. Latin America swarms with dozens of other operations through­ jungles of northeast Burma, sup­ last October. “In Southeast Asia Philippines: CIA money went to CIA agents, as the Tim es indi­ out the hemisphere. plied them with gold and arms, over the last decade, the CIA has elect Ramon Magsaysay president cates. “CIA analysts, reading the “It provides ‘technical assistance’ and encouraged them to raid Com- been so active that the agency in in 1953. punchcards of their computers in to most Latin nations by helping China: A major part of the Virginia can determine that a new them establish anti-Communist CIA’s intelligence effort is of youth group in Bogota appears to police forces. It promotes anti- course aimed at Communist China. have fallen under the control of Communist front organizations for Among other enterprises, it sends suspected Communists, but it takes students, workers, professional Union Protests Firing U-2 spy planes over its territory, an agent on the spot to trade in­ and business men, farmers and dispatches agents to stir unrest in formation with the local police, political parties. It arranges for Tibet, obtains information on Chi­ collect photographs and telephone contact between these groups and na’s nuclear capability and instal­ taps of those involved, organize American labor organizations, in­ Of S.F. DuBois Member lations and organizes attacks on and finance a countermovement stitutes and foundations. China’s offshore islands. of, say, young Christians or dem­ “It has poured money into By Jim Kendrick Africa: The CIA network cov­ ocratic labor youth, and help them Latin-American election campaigns SAN FRANCISCO — Three him were for “misrepresenting the ers the entire continent from Cape­ erect billboards and turn mimeo­ in support of moderate candidates hundred social workers and staff facts in 1963 concerning your trip town to Cairo. The best known graph machines at the next elec­ and against leftist leaders such as personnel of Local 400, city and to Mississippi,” and with “mis­ and most flagrant example of its tion.” Cheddi Jagan of British Guiana.” county employes union, demon­ representing the facts in 1965 when intervention is in the heart of strated here April 21. They were you resigned from the agency be­ Africa. protesting the firing of Harold cause of family illness.” He was Congo: After the Congo gained Supriano, 32, a senior social work­ also told that his “activities in independence in 1960, says the er. Supriano, together with Mike general were incompatible with Tim es, “a modest little CIA office Myerson, traveled to north Viet­ the agency.” in Leopoldville mushroomed over­ nam in the fall of 1965. Both are The agency is denying that the night into a virtual embassy and members of the W.E.B. Dubois firing is politically inspired. How­ miniature war department . . . The Clubs of America. ever, several days after Supriano CIA dispersed its agents to learn On April 14, Supriano was called was notified of his discharge, the Congolese politics from the bush into a meeting of the Social Serv­ director circulated to every em­ on up, to recruit likely leaders ices Commission, which has juris­ ploye a bulletin attempting to quell and to finance their bids for diction over the welfare depart­ the commotion created by the com­ power. ment. He was given two weeks’ mission’s action. Attached to the “The CIA soon found Joseph notice and told he was discharged bulletin was a xerox copy of a Mobutu, Victor Nendaka and Al­ as of A pril 29. leaflet issued by the Fillmore bert Ndele. Their eventual The vote of the commission to W.E.B. Dubois Club with Su- emergence as President of the fire Supriano was three to two. priano’s name on it. country, Minister of Transporta­ tion and head of the national bank, Commissioner John Riodan, rep­ On April 15, a press conference resenting the minority opinion of was called by Local 400 of the respectively, proved a tribute to the Americans’ judgment and tac­ the commission, stated that the city and county employes union ruling was “resurgent McCarthy- at which the firing was condemned tics,” as well as to the power of ism.” “The real issue,” said Rio­ and branded as persecution of an their purse. dan, “is do we agree with the individual’s political, social and The Tim es absolves the CIA of Lumumba’s assassination, while political and social matters of economic views. Local 400 declared someone in our department.” its intent to defend Supriano to admitting that it did play a major the very end and to oppose his role in making Adoula his suc­ Commissioner Douglas, repre­ firing. John Jeffrey, executive sec­ cessor. senting the majority of the com­ retary of the union, declared that The present government is mission, remarked that because of the union will seek sanction from bought and paid for by the U.S., Riodan’s statements, “the commis­ the Labor Council of San Fran­ even though an American agent sion system and closed personnel cisco to strike in protest of the did complain at one juncture: records have been betrayed in San firing. “Purchased? You can’t even rent Francisco.” Letters supporting Supriano and this group for the afternoon.” Riodan replied, “I simply could demanding his reinstatement In 1964, the CIA recruited and not stomach the action being should be sent to: Mrs. M. Dou­ paid for “an instant air force” to taken.” glas, Social Services Commission, help crush the Congolese rebels. DR. MOHAMMED MOSSADEGH. CIA overthrew government of In an interview with me, Su­ 585 Bush Street, San Francisco, This was staffed by anti-Castro nationalist Premier Mossadegh of Iran when interests of oil com­ priano said the charges against Calif. Cubans, left over from the Bay of panies were threatened by nationalization in 1953. Page F o u r THE MILITANT —

Gus Hall argues against a socialist perspective for Latin America

By Joseph Hansen The forthright stand taken by Party does deserve praise for his verde, a member of the Secretariat the Monthly Review on these is­ dexterity in converting a multi­ of the People’s Vanguard Party of In the A pril issue of the Month­ sues appears to have dismayed the issue problem into a single issue. Costa Rica: “ Needless to say, our ly Review, Leo Huberman and leaders of the Communist Party, But why this particular issue? Party as well as the other Latin Paul M. Sweezy, the editors of USA. In the April 24 issue of The Could it be that Mr. Hall’s real American Communist parties, un­ this internationally circulated in­ Worker, Gus Hall, the leading aim is not so much to defend Fidel like some ‘ultra-revolutionary’ dependent socialist magazine, took spokesman of the pro-Moscow, Castro as to come to the rescue of groups . . . do not consider the sharp issue with the way Fidel anti-Peking party, tried his hand those advisers of the Cuban leader winning of power by the working Castro criticized a wing of the at replying in an article entitled who never abandoned the attitudes and the full realization of the Guatemalan guerrilla movement. class “Gus Hall Answers a Question on and methods which underlay the program of the socialist revolution In a speech Jan. 15, Castro said Revolutions.” Moscow frame-up trials? Perhaps to be the T he im ­ that “Trotskyites” had infiltrated immediate task. Mr. Hall received an SOS. mediate prospect in our countries, the movement and that Trotsky­ Receives Question However, let us follow Mr. Hall as we see it, is the anti-imperialist ism was “a vulgar instrument of Hall’s answer is not exactly in his evasion of the issues and and democratic revolution . . .” imperialism and reaction.” The straightforward. It is couched as see w h ere he comes out. (Emphasis added.) charge, said the editors of the a response to a question from an Monthly Review, was “ugly and unidentified “reader” of The The Theory of Two Stages What class does face the im­ perhaps ominous.” It was “pre­ Worker. As reported by the editor, mediate task of winning power? He divides the Latin American cisely this accusation,” they pointed the question was as follows: Mr. Hall indicates that by quoting out, “which provided the rationali­ “Mr. Hall, would you please ex­ revolutionary process into two dis­ from the program of the Com­ zation for the Soviet purge trials plain to me what is the meaning tinct stages. First a bourgeois rev­ munist Party, USA, which, he says, o lu tio n , then a socialist revolution. of the 1930’s.” of the following sentence in an also places the question of rev­ So obvious does this seem to olution by stages “in a correct and “If anything has been proved editorial in the April issue of the him, that he immediately proceeds clear manner.” In the quotation —and not least by the Soviet gov­ Monthly Review? to illustrate his thesis by finding provided by Mr. Hall from the ernment itself,” they continued, . . In our opinion, the only “ obvious contradictions even in the program, we read: “— it is that the trials were a kind of revolution that has any chance of succeeding in Latin lines that you quote.” For how “The anti-colonial revolutions shameless frame-up; and no evi­ could the editors of the Monthly dence has ever been produced to America today is a socialist rev­ aim to destroy imperialist domina­ olution. We were, we believe, Review say that the “Cuban Rev­ tion, feudal bondage and political restore credibility to the accusa­ olution would be forced to advance tio n .” among the first to say that the tyranny. In the struggle for such Cuban Revolution would be forced rapidly to socialism” (Hall’s em­ aims a broad national unity is at­ They ascribed Castro’s use of to advance rapidly to socialism . .. phasis) unless a bourgeois revolu­ tainable, including capitalist ele­ TO-esffic*- “Trotskyism” in this way to in 1963 w e stated o u r o p in ion in tion had already occurred? “‘Ad­ ments who chafe under the op­ either ignorance or malice. “For these pages that there is no such vance rapidly’ are the key words,” pressive restrictions of foreign That Gus Hall is surprising! our part,” they said, “we prefer thing as feudalism in Latin Ameri­ Hall tells us. “Because if the monopoly.” (Emphasis added.) about socialism in Latin An to believe that in this matter Fidel ca and that it therefore makes no Cuban R e volu tion started as a so- The program of the American himself is ignorant and that the sense to talk about a bourgeois Communist Party agrees that there view that the Russian Revolution malice comes from advisers who revolution.” is a “close relation between the would have two distinct phases, never abandoned the attitudes This question, if we are to be­ socialist and colonial revolutions” would consist of two kinds of rev­ and methods which underlay the lieve the editor of The Worker, ...in the conditions of but insists on separating them into olution separated in time and in trials.” They suggested that Fidel inspired Mr. Hall to take up his two “distinct” kinds of revolution. leadership, and that the immedi­ Castro, as a “latecomer” to the Chile if a revolution urns pen and put down his views so as In brief, Mr. Hall contends that ate task was to back the liberal history of the movement (“for to satisfy the curiosity of the in­ desired, it w ould neces­ due to “feudalism” and the op­ bourgeoisie as the logical leader­ reasons which do him no dis­ quiring reader. The correspondent pressive rule of imperialism, prog­ ship of the first stage or first kind credit” ), should take time out for sarily have to be a social­ who reposes such confidence in ressive capitalist elements exist in of revolution. some serious study and that “he the theoretical capacities of the ist revolution — F id el Latin America who can be trusted could do worse than begin with Lenin’s View leading spokesman of the Ameri­ to lead a bourgeois or “democratic" Isaac Deutscher’s brilliant three- Castro can Communist Party was no revolution; after which w ill come (2) Lenin agreed on the scien­ volume study of Trotsky which is a new stage when it w ill be pos­ tific definition of the coming rev­ much more than a personal biog­ doubt elated at his success in eliciting this fresh example of Mr. sible for the working class to ad­ olution as “bourgeois” in charac­ ra p h y .” Hall’s thought. While we, too, feel cialist revolution it would not have vance its own leadership charged ter; but he held that the bour­ In addition, the editors of the a certain admiration for the audac­ had the task of advancing to it.” with the “ immediate task” of win­ geoisie could not be trusted to carry out their own revolution in Monthly Review called Fidel Cas­ ity of the reply, we are forced to To clinch his argument, he ning power and carrying out a tro’s attention to the damage that admit that we did not find it free cites the example of the Cuban socialist revolution. view of the specific alignment of was being done the Cuban Revolu­ of faults. We may as well list the Revolution: class forces in Czarist Russia and Example of the Russian tion by the continued silence on main ones at once to get them “The first stage of the Cuban the decay of the capitalist system Revolution Che Guevara. Does Castro realize, out of the way. Revolution was anti-imperialist, internationally. The bourgeois rev­ they asked, “that every day’s was for national independence. T he question as to w h e th e r or olution would have to be led by delay in clearing up the mystery Masterful Evasion of the Issues The fascist Batista regime was a not it is correct to call certain the workers. ' brings anxiety and doubt to (1) Mr. Hall failed to mention puppet of U.S. imperialism. It had archaic social structures in Latin This meant that in competition honest revolutionaries everywhere by a single word the repetition by to be overthrown. This was cor­ America “feudalism” — on which with the bourgeoisie, the working and joy to their enemies?” Fidel Castro of the most notorious rectly placed by the Cuban rev­ Hall challenges th e Monthly Re­ class must appeal to the peasantry, They also pointed to the positive charge in the infamous Moscow olutionaries as the first task of view — is somewhat beside the promising to give them what the achievements of the Tricontinen­ purge trials of the thirties, a the revolution. After this was suc­ point. Engels long ago asked bourgeoisie would not give — a tal Conference, disagreeing with charge that was long ago con­ cessfully concluded, then it ‘rapid­ whether feudalism ever corres­ radical agrarian reform. In turn, Adolfo Gilly, who in the same is­ clusively proved to be a shameless ly advanced to’ a socialist reor­ ponded to its concept (In a letter this would become the basis for an sue of the Monthly Review de­ frame-up cooked up by Stalin. ganization of society.” to Conrad Schmidt dated March alliance with the peasantry. As to clared that it was “a conference (2) Mr. Hall failed to mention We note, in passing, several not 12, 1895). The key political ques­ the kind of government that would without glory and without pro­ by a single word the pertinence of unimportant omissions. Mr. Hall tion — whether the owners of the emerge from the revolution, Lenin gra m .” the program of Trotskyism to the fails to explain why the Com­ latifundia are called feudalistic or did not go beyond abstract for­ question of socialist revolutions in munist Party in Cuba supported oligarchical — remains the need mulas, holding that one of the To strengthen Cuba’s indepen­ Latin America. Batista for a number of years, for a radical agrarian reform. main results would be to give a dent position, they called for di­ (3) Mr. Hall failed to mention even accepting posts in his regime. Fortunately it is not necessary big impulsion to the world social­ versification of the economy in­ by a single word the damaging He fails to explain why the Com­ to hinge our analysis on Latin- ist revolution, particularly in Eu­ stead of relying mainly on sugar. silence in Cuba on Che Guevara. munist Party opposed the struggle American social and political rope. Finally, they reiterated their (4) Mr. Hall failed to mention led by Castro, considering it ad­ forces and the probable course of (3) Trotsky agreed with Plekha- position favoring the perspective by a single word the strong stress venturism until the victory was in coming revolutions in that con­ nov and Lenin that the coming of “socialist” as opposed to “bour­ placed by the Tricontinental Con­ sight. He fails to explain why the tinent. We have at hand an ex­ revolution faced bourgeois tasks. geois” revolutions in Latin Ameri­ ference on the need for armed Communist Party was so sluggish ample in which the struggle was He agreed with Lenin that the ca. struggle in Latin America in view in recognizing the socialist char­ most certainly directed against only class capable of carrying the of the suppression of democratic acter of the revolution in Cuba “feudalism” and which should in revolution through to the end was rights throughout the continent. even long after the socialist vic­ all respects satisfy Mr. Hall’s the working class and that there­ CUBA PAMPHLETS (5) In place of taking up the tory of the movement led by Fidel stringent requirement that policies fore the immediate task was for Che Guevara on Africa .10 key points raised by the Monthly Castro. Can the theory of the two- must be tested “in practice.” This the workers to seek political Review editorial and considering stage revolution which he clings is the 1917 Russian Revolution, an Fidel Castro on power, forging an alliance w ith the them with reasoned argument, to have had something to do with example that remains very much peasantry in the process by means Vietnam .10 Mr. Hall engaged in name calling. a ll that? apropos today. of a program of radical agrarian Division in the Face of “Among other things,” he said of Mr. Hall expresses his basic Before the October victory, three reform. But once in power, what the Enemy, Fidel Castro .10 the editorial, “it is an ill-tempered, thought as follows: “The error of main theories were projected as would the working class do next? A Common Aspiration, slanderous, personal attack on MR is in the attempt to ignore the to the course and perspectives of It had to carry out bourgeois tasks Fidel Castro and the leaders of nature of the struggle against im­ Che Guevara .15 the Russian Revolution. Let us with its own methods and its own the Cuban Revolution in general. perialism and to replace it with a note them if only in barest outline. goals and these are socialist in Che Guevara Charges The editorial slanders Castro as socialist revolution. In practice (1) The Populists had raised character! The world would wit­ the UN to Meet the ‘ignorant’ and a ‘latecomer,’ and such a policy would not result in the possibility of Russia by-pass­ ness a spectacular case of the law Challenge of calls his concluding speech to the a successful struggle against im­ ing capitalist development and of combined development, in which Imperialism .20 Tricontinental Conference ‘ugly perialism, and it would not set the going directly to socialism. Plekha- the most advanced political, social and perhaps ominous,’ and states stage for a socialist revolution.” nov, standing on the grounds of and economic forms would be used Four Canadians Who that Castro’s ‘malice comes from Pursuing this idea, Mr. Hall Saw Cuba .35 scientific socialism, contended that to carry out historically super­ his advisers.’ ” asserts, “Most Latin American so­ Russia was not privileged and seded tasks. The Real Cuba: As to the content of this alleged cieties are a mixture of capitalism could not avoid capitalism. The Therefore, he argued, the com­ As Three Canadians “ill-tempered slander,” Mr. Hall and feudalism.” In addition, “the coming revolution would therefore ing revolution will begin with Saw It .35 preserves a most discreet silence. overriding dominant phenomenon be bourgeois in character whether bourgeois goals. The proletariat Jack Scott Takes a Instead of considering these im ­ facing most, if not all, of the Latin this was or was not in conformity w ill have an opportunity to take portant issues raised by the ed­ American countries . . . is that with anyone’s wishes. power under revolutionary-social­ Second Look at Cuba itors of the Monthly Review, M r. they are all victims of imperialist The logical conclusion appeared (Vancouver Sun ist leadership. In power the pro­ Hall juggles with a single quota­ oppression.” to be that liberal capitalists would letariat w ill transcend the bour­ Columnist) .35 tion torn from the editorial by the From this it follows that the head this revolution under the geois character of the revolution curious reader of The Worker. The first stage of the revolution in banner of democracy. Only later by establishing a proletarian d ic­ MERIT PUBLISHERS correct label for this way of re­ Latin America is not socialist but would the workers be able to come tatorship with socialist aims. Such 5 East Third St. plying to the Monthly Review is bourgeois. While Mr. Hall does forward as a class with the pro­ a government cannot exist indef­ New York, N. Y. 10003 sophistry. However, the leading not state it that flatly, he does gram of socialist revolution. This initely in isolation. It w ill give a spokesman of the Communist quote with approval Eduardo Val- was the source of the Menshevik big impulsion to the world socialist nday, May 9, 1966 Page Five

to the Tricontinental Conference, speech, the right to assemble, free elements who chafe under the op­ “that I did not think that condi­ elections, and so on. pressive restrictions of foreign tions in Chile permitted a revolu­ The truth is that nowhere in the monopoly.” Everything was done tion of that type [a bourgeois- world today can the bourgeoisie, to reject taking as an “immediate democratic revolution], and that no matter what their pretensions task” the “winning of power by in the conditions of Chile if a to liberalism, be trusted to uphold the working class.” And “in prac­ revolution was desired, it would and defend democratic rights. The tice,” what happened? necessarily have to be a socialist erosion of democratic rights in On A pril 1, 1964, these capital­ revolution, and I explained why. the United States is proof enough ist elements proved utterly im­ Because an underdeveloped coun­ of that, as the American Com­ potent in face of a military coup try, burdened with debts as Chile munist Party and other sectors of d’etat engineered by the Brazilian is, a country where large masses the American radical movement oligarchy, Brazilian business in­ of the population live in the worst have good reason to know. Leader­ terests and American imperialism. conditions, would necessarily have ship in the defense of these rights They proved impotent because to strike a blow against the inter­ today falls to the working class their own intimate connections ests of imperialism, of the oligar­ and its vanguard parties. This in­ with these circles paralyzed them. chy, of big industry, of the import- creases the opportunities for them The result was a crushing defeat export trade and of the Bank if to gain a wide popular following. that dealt a terrible setback to something was to be done, to give The political wheel is turning in the Latin-American revolution as something to the peasant masses their direction. a whole. and to the masses of workers in A great deal follows from the the country. In Indonesia, the Stalinist (or historic political bankruptcy of the Menshevik) concept of revolution “And, also that to wage a battle bourgeoisie. If no political con­ “by stages” has just received a against the oligarchy and against fidence whatsoever can be placed most fearful test in practice. The imperialism, the support of the in the bourgeoisie anywhere on bodies of 300,000 Communists — worker and peasant masses was earth in defending simple demo­ if we accept the conservative esti­ necessary and that the masses of cratic rights, what confidence can mate of one embassy — testify to workers and peasants would not be placed in them in a revolu­ the thoroughness of the experi­ lend support to any bourgeois rev­ tionary struggle involving eco­ ment. The concept followed by olution, because the workers and nomic and social structural D. N. Aidit, the head of the In- the peasants would not be willing changes that signify their doom donesian Communist Party, was to collaborate to serve the inter­ as a class? that in the approaching revolution intelligent. Of course it alienates people to be talking ests of an exploiting class.” rica. “first” would come a stage head­ These remarks were made by “Logical” Argument ed by the liberal bourgeoisie rep­ Fidel Castro in a speech given at It could be argued that “log­ resented by Sukarno; and “then” revolution, particularly in Europe, Cuban Revolution had no choice the University of Havana March ically” it is up to the bourgeoisie a socialist revolution at a later and will in turn be rescued by but to carry their revolution for­ 13. Gus Hall’s article appeared to defend the democratic rights stage sometime in the future. that revolution from defeat at the ward, passing beyond the limits April 24. Since the chief spokes­ associated with the bourgeois rev­ The Communist Party had 3,- hands of Russian reaction. of “bourgeois” goals. If they did man of the Community Party, olutions that overthrew feudal­ 000,000 members, a youth move­ Trotsky’s theory of “permanent not foresee the socialist outcome, USA, must read and ponder over ism; the workers have other, more ment of another 3,000,000 members revolution,” which he developed the theory is not thereby invali­ Fidel Castro’s speeches (although advanced historical tasks, such as and headed an organized labor in 1905-07, was, of course, con­ dated. On the contrary, it is con­ you would never know it to read initiating a planned economy and force of some 20,000,000 members. firmed in life. By accepting its firmed by the costly method of The Worker), it can only be won­ eventually a classless society. And, The swift rise of the Communist general prognosis in time and trial and error. Yet the Cuban dered why Gus Hall chose this oc­ in fact, such an argument would Party in Indonesia was due to the formulating the prospects for a leaders did not proceed altogether casion to come out so strongly be logically consistent with the revolutionary aspirations of work­ Soviet republic in his famous April blindly. They learned something against the perspective of socialist position held by Gus Hall. ers and peasants who took its name 1917 “theses,” Lenin assured the from revolutionary experience in revolutions in Latin America. Was But class - conscious workers to mean it stood for a com m unist first victory of socialist revolu­ China, Bolivia, Guatemala, previ­ he really aiming his barbs at Fidel would only laugh at such an ar­ program and not the program of tion and the establishment of the ous struggles in Cuba and else­ Castro despite the guff about ris­ gument. They would be right, for serving as a left cover for the first workers’ state in history. He where in Latin America. The Rus­ ing to Castro’s defense against the working class includes as its liberal bourgeoisie. rigorously corrected the Kamenevs sian Revolution itself was a “ill-tempered slander”? heritage all the gains of previous What more was required for and Stalins who initially followed source of inspiration to them. It Of course, the possibility exists revolutions and defends them as victory except clear consciousness the Mensheviks in supporting the remains to be told how well they that Mr. Hall might not have read its own. By the same right — the in the Communist Party of the liberal bourgeoisie and Kerensky’s studied it. Fidel Castro’s March 13 speech. right of the class representing his­ mortal danger of a political al­ “dem ocratic” government as Thus we find that it requires In that case, when he finally gets toric progress — they are not only liance with the bourgeoisie under against going ahead with a social­ little serious examination of the around to it, as a man of principle entitled but duty-bound to strive Sukarno’s leadership, plus firm ist revolution. | theory offered to us by Mr. Hall he will undoubtedly take on Fidel to take power even in a country determination to put the working And in Lenin’s time, the theory to find ourselves confronted by Castro in a polemic equal in vigor with strong feudal hangovers. class in power? D. N. Aidit, the of “permanent revolution” was that very Trotskyism which the to his polemic against the “funda­ They cannot trust the liberal bour­ Indonesian Gus Hall, lacked both viewed as a great achievement of main spokesman of the Communist mental errors in the editorial geoisie to carry out bourgeois- requisites. When the reactionary Marxism, for it made it possible Party USA so sedulously sought policies of the Monthly Review." democratic tasks. They must proj­ generals under Nasution and Su­ to understand the revolutions of to avoid even mentioning. Instead We look forward to seeing that. ect doing this themselves by their harto decided that the time had our time as a continuous, unfold­ of the abstract statement in the How long will we have to wait? own methods and in consonance come to strike, the Indonesian ing process rather than as isolated, editorial of the Monthly Review It should be added that the view with their own socialist goals. Communist Party was reduced to disconnected, arbitrarily separated which the curiosity-driven reader a shambles within a few days; the stages or “kinds.” Above all, Trot­ expressed by Fidel Castro does not This lesson is particularly im­ of The W orker dug up, Mr. Hall appear to be an isolated instance. portant in the underdeveloped revolutionary-minded workers and sky’s contribution to Marxist peasants, caught unawares, were might just as well have selected Thus at the recently concluded countries where the bourgeoisie theory enabled revolutionists to the following quotation from the butchered like sheep; and D. N. twenty-third congress of the Com­ has emerged on the political scene better see the central political role Aidit himself, from all accounts, same editorial: munist Party of the Soviet Union, too late to do anything except that falls to the working class in lost his life. Armando Hart Davalos, the head play a reactionary or diversionary the underdeveloped countries in Prospects Improved The historic lesson was all the of the Cuban delegation, said on role; but it is also not without leading society forward out of the clearer in that the Kremlin, which “But if Fidel Castro and the this point: bearing in more advanced coun­ historical impasse in which the stresses “peaceful coexistence” — Latin American Communist parties “Cuba proves unmistakably that tries where the bourgeoisie are capitalist system has landed hu­ duck the question of socialism, and meaning class collaboration — was m anity. under present conditions in Latin prepared to resort to fascism. still more if they attack as Trot- America, a genuine revolution Does vigorous application of the not alone in responsibility for the It was only after Stalin usurped disaster. The Mao leadership was skyites all those who openly rapidly leads to socialism. Cuba policy of seeking proletarian power that the old Menshevik directly involved since Aidit stood struggle for a specifically socialist palpably demonstrates that the power frighten the liberal bour­ theory of revolution by stages on their side in the Sino-Soviet revolution, then the prospects for struggle for national liberation, in geoisie? Of course. This was one and the “progressive” role of lib­ dispute. Like Khrushchev and Latin American Trotskyism will our continent, forms an insepar­ of the considerations advanced by eral capitalism was resuscitated Brezhnev-Kosygin, the Mao lead­ be vastly improved.” able part of the struggle for so­ the Menshevik leaders. On the and repeatedly offered to the ership approved Aidit’s concept of After all, that is what is really cialism. Cuba makes it clear that other hand, a firm revolutionary world as the latest thought of the revolution by stages. All the cele­ bothering the readers of The in the Latin-American continent, policy has the merit of attracting various Gus Halls trained in the brated omniscience of Mao’s W orker and the circuitous Mr. the question of the working class the best minds from the upper school of Stalinism. thought did not lessen by one jot Hall, isn’t it? taking power and the Socialist classes and wide sectors of the the catastrophic consequences of Why Did the Mensheviks Fail? But what about the problem of Revolution triumphing depends in petty bourgeoisie. Many of them this baneful theory. Naturally, one cannot oppose the getting isolated through advancing great measure on subjective fac­ are capable, under competent It would seem high time for the Menshevik two-stage theory and such an “ultra-revolutionary” pro­ tors, on the determination of the proletarian leadership, of trans­ Gus Halls — or at least their fol­ practice simply because of its age gram as the working class to vanguard, on willingness to win cending their narrow class out­ lowers — to consider the results of or its unfortunate resemblance to power? Or as Gus Hall puts it: or die.” (My translation from the look and joining in the great for­ the concepts that were put into the antiquated two-cylinder auto­ “Why are these concepts so im­ April 8 issue of Bohemia.) ward march of humanity repre­ practice in Brazil and Indonesia. mobiles of the day. We are en­ portant? Because the locomotive Mr. Hall, it appears, has con­ sented by socialism. That has been Those concepts spelled doom for titled, however, to an explanation of social revolutions are people. siderable work piling up on his one of the teachings of Marxism the workers’ movement in both from Gus Hall for its lack of suc­ And people will fight for what desk. We wish him luck in hand­ since the Communist Manifesto. countries. Instead they continue cess in 1917 and an explanation objective processes have placed on ling the flood of inquiries from It is not at all a matter of split­ to peddle nostrums that have as to why, in the light of the the order of the day. Therefore, puzzled readers of The Worker. ting doctrinal hairs. The question proved in practice, again and again record, it should be considered to­ if socialism is not on the order is crucial for our epoch. On this in the past half-century, to con­ day as more likely to win in places of this day, but in spite of that, The Problem of Political the evidence is overwhelming for tain a deadly poison. like Latin America than the theory the advanced forces present it as Leadership all who care to open their eyes and practice of Lenin and Trotsky. if it is, this can only result in It is completely false to argue to see. We will confine ourselves Mr. Hall also owes us an ex­ isolation for such forces.” that “isolation” is certain if you to citing but two recent examples. planation as to just why Men­ We learned from Marx and En­ take a firm stand on the Leninist In Brazil, the Communist Party How Cuba Uprooted shevik theory should prove su­ gels that “people” are divided into principle of seeking to establish under the leadership of Luis Car­ perior to the theory of victorious classes and that it is class interests a working-class government, what­ los Prestes followed precisely the Race Discrimination Bolshevism in understanding the that provide both the locomotive ever alliances are made along the concept explained to such perfec­ By Harry Ring Cuban Revolution. Our own im­ and braking power in revolutions. road. The masses are won through tion by Gus Hall. Everything was pression has been that develop­ However, let us hear a word from slogans appealing to their own staked on avoiding “isolation” by 16 pag es 15 cen ts ments in Cuba offer rather strik­ Fidel Castro on this subject. class interests. These include dem­ leaving leadership in the hands of “I told them also,” said Castro, ocratic slogans which from a Merit Publishers ing confirmation of the theory of Goulart and Brizzola, represen­ 5 East Third St. the permanent revolution. To avoid referring to a Chilean delegation rigorously scientific point of view tatives of the “progressive” wing swift defeat, the leaders of the of Christian Democrats who came are “bourgeois” in character: free of the bourgeoisie, the “capitalist New York, N. Y. 10003 Page Six THE MILITANT Monday, May 9, 1966 THE DODD REVELATIONS Rhodesian Repressions Another Paytriotic Hustler Spark Guerrilla Efforts B y Ed S m ith for the “Society for German- American Cooperation.” Next to Senator Eastland of B y R o b erts Part of the cooperation, Pearson Dick Mississippi, there is probably no discovered, was contributing large The following dispatch from proved totally insufficient to bring one presently in the U.S. Con­ sums to Dodd’s election campaign Dar-es-Salaam was carried on the Rhodesia into line so far, and for gress w ith a longer record .of fund. first page of the British Sunday a very simple reason. By and witch-hunting and red-baiting to Reaction to the Pearson expose Tim es, May 1: “At the headquar­ large, they have been ignored by his name than Senator Thomas J. was not completely one-sided in ters of the Zimbabwe African Na­ Verwoerd’s South Africa, and to Dodd of Connecticut. For 12 years Washington. According to N ew s­ tional Union, one of Rhodesia’s nobody’s surprise. Verwoerd’s in­ In the House and Senate, Dodd w eek magazine, May 2, one Dodd banned African nationalist parties, terest in stabilizing white suprem­ has literally seen red wherever friend argued that Dodd, after all, it was claimed that 25 white pol­ acy far outweighs the risks that and whenever there is a move­ “gave up a $60,000-a-year law prac­ ice and troops were killed and 30 might be involved in not “cooper­ ment for social progress in the tice to come to Washington.” In wounded in battle in Rhodesia. ating” with the British boycott. country. fact the considered opinion is that Seven members were killed. The Thus, while Britain finally He smeared the peace move­ the Senate ethics committee will fight took place near Sinoia, 85 stopped oil shipments to Rhodesia ment at every turn, most recently leave Dodd’s campaign practices miles north of the capital, Salis­ via the seaport of Beira, South during the Oct. 15-16 International alone and stick to the Klein busi­ bury.” Africa trucked the needed oil in D ays of Protest. In 1961-62, he led ness. This incident, we may be sure, from the south — a much costlier the attack on the Fair Play for Just in case, however, Dodd has gives only a bare inkling of the and less efficient solution, but one Cuba Committee. He is one of not been entirely on the defensive. black African resistance to Rhode­ showing the extremes to which the foremost opponents of admis­ Drew Pearson reported on April sian Prime Minister Ian Smith’s Verwoerd will go to protect his sion of China into the United Na­ 25 that the people who had helped regime. How many Africans are “master race.” tions. him get the information on Dodd in open guerrilla revolt against the Strong Pressure And — he is just one more white supremacists, how many were under attack by the FBI, But the pressure of the inde­ petty crook, differing from many others have been slaughtered or had lost their jobs and were un­ pendent African nations on Great of his colleagues only in the fact imprisoned since Rhodesia parted able to get new ones. Britain to intervene in Rhodesia he got caught. ways with Britain Nov. 11, is im­ Unfortunately, Pearson reports, is still strong. Wilson is attempt­ Helped Needy Friend possible to determine. Since 1961, nationally-syndi­ his own assistant Jack Anderson ing to bring Smith to the bargain­ cated columnist Drew Pearson had given the names of the in­ However, we can be certain such ing table to work out some face- discovered, Dodd has been putting has become a powerful figure in formants to the FBI. These were repression is being carried out and saving deal. money raised at campaign testi­ Washington, with positions on the six former Dodd employes whom possibly on a very wide scale: It is guaranteed, of course, that monial dinners in his own pocket, Judiciary, Foreign Affairs and Pearson had taken weeks to per­ The usually authoritative British anything cooked up by mutual and at the same time, not paying Space Science committees. In fact, suade to help him with the inves­ weekly, The Economist, stated agreement between Smith and income tax on it. The take? From LBJ was the featured speaker at tigation of Dodd’s activities. “The April 9: “Arbitrary detention Wilson will fall far short of giv­ th e 1961 dinner in H artford, $54,- the 1961 dinner. G-men called on the witnesses all without trial has become as gen­ ing the black majority real power. 455.58; $47,000 from a gathering Not only this, but Dodd also right,” Pearson writes, “but didn’t eral a means of intimidation in Plans that have been suggest­ In 1963; $10,000 one evening in turns out to be the highly-valued ask a single question about Dodd, Rhodesia as in South Africa itself. ed so far reveal the true character 1964; and at a $100-a-plate dinner American promoter of a group of his conduct, whether he had di­ The silencing of protest has been of what kind of “concessions” Wil­ la st year, a grand total of $100,- West German business firms, ac­ verted funds from testimonial din­ carried as far by Mr. Smith as by son is “forcing”: advisory power 000. cording to further Pearson revela­ ners . . . Dr. Verwoerd, in regard to both to African tribal chiefs; one-third A former FBI agent, Dodd is tions. Dodd’s link to the German “Instead, the FBI cross-examined parliament and press.” representation for Africans in no small-time politician. With firms is retired Army Major Gen­ these young people about the Heavy Indictment parliament — giving the tiny white J. Edgar Hoover and Lyndon B. eral Julius Klein, who is the $150,- alleged theft of Dodd’s documents minority the two-thirds majority Johnson as close friends, Dodd 000-a-year registered foreign agent . . . one woman, seven months Without intending to by any of votes; full African franchise in pregnant, was grilled by the agents means, The Economist thus deliv­ twenty years, etc., etc. for three hours.” ers a heavy indictment of the And it is likely these kinds of Pearson apologized for Ander­ British Labor Party, which in es­ schemes will not meet the ap­ son’s mistake of giving the names sence has paved the way for the proval of the African masses. The New Issue of ISR Features to the FBI. “Not having been existence of a new South Africa outlawed parties long ago rejected around Washington as long as I,” on the “dark” continent — a new the path of “compromise” govern­ Pearson writes, Anderson “labors bastion of white dictatorship in an ments, and the dispatch from Dar- 4th International Documents under the impression that the FBI overwhelmingly black nation. es-Salaam may signal the opening The docum ents of the 1965 countries which have undergone is anxious to rout out and sup­ The economic sanctions which of an important new stage in the World Congress of the Fourth In­ major transformations in the past press wrongdoing wherever it may British Prime Minister Harold Wil­ Rhodesian Africans’ struggle for ternational have now been made two years: There are detailed be — even in high places.” son imposed on Rhodesia have independence. available in their entirety in Eng­ analyses of the Algerian develop­ lish translation. These are pub­ ments leading to the June 19 lished in the special Spring 1966 Boumedienne coup; the political International Socialist Review, and economic character of the 30,000 Belgians ... U.S. Escalation in Vietnam which also contains a brief descrip­ Nkrumah regime in Ghana; sec­ tion of the congress itself. (This tions on Mali, Guinea and Egypt; (Continued from Page 1) tions . ..” If this is not done, Apple over-sized issue of the ISR sells and assessments of the progress March Against And much against Washington’s thinks, the military will feel free to stop the elections. for $1. A one-year subscription to of the liberation struggles against wishes, the military junta was the quarterly costs $1.50, and may imperialism in central and south­ Vietnam War finally forced to agree to popular But, Apple declares, “To date, be ordered from: International ern Africa. in the opinion of most observers, Socialist Review, 873 Broadway, Two themes are fully developed An impressive antinuclear dem­ elections for August 15. If these the [U.S.] embassy has not con­ New York, N. Y. 10003.) in the document on Western onstration was staged in Brussels elections are conducted honestly, veyed to the South Vietnamese Held in Paris last December, Europe that will be of particular April 24. Radio commentators put even within the restriction that no government or to the people as a the congress marked the second interest to American revolution­ the turnout at some 30,000. “Communist or neutralist” can­ whole any great enthusiasm for the world congress since the reunifi­ aries. First is the theme that in Opposition to the war in Viet­ elections. The impression often cation of the Fourth International spite of more sophisticated at­ nam was included among the of­ didates are allowed to run, it is given is one of grudging acquies­ in 1963. It brought together more titudes towards government inter­ ficial slogans issued by the organ­ guaranteed that the Buddhist cence.” them sixty delegates and observers, vention in the national and com­ izing committee. forces will win overwhelmingly. Scaring People representing revolutionary Marxist bined economies of the European The most militant note was It would then be entirely prob­ states, the European capitalist organizations from almost all the sounded by the Belgian section of able that the new government What is causing some fears, even countries of Western Europe, from class has been unable to overcome the Fourth International. In a in U.S. ruling circles, is that LBJ many countries in Africa and its basic internal conflicts. leaflet distributed to the demon­ would seek some sort of settlement is escalating the war in south Viet­ Asia, as well as from North Amer­ And second, which is a result strators, the Belgian Trotskyists with the NLF; and fear-of-fears, nam, coupled with serious inten­ ica and Latin America. of the first, the uneven and con­ praised the initiative displayed in a new Buddhist government might sification of the bombing of north The world-wide representation tradictory developments of the organizing the protest action, but even ask the U.S. to get out. Vietnam at the risk of a war with at the congress is thoroughly re­ European nations inevitably lead said that in. the long run a nuclear The aerial escalation of the war China and/or the Soviet Union. flected in the four resolutions to crises with deep revolutionary holocaust can be prevented only in the last few weeks is directly On top of this, LBJ is taking published by the International So­ implications for the working class. by the workers taking power in related to these matters. Johnson this risk at a time when it is ab­ cialist Review. These include res­ Far from seeing the European the imperialist countries them­ and his cohorts hope that they can solutely clear that the majority of olutions on the international sit­ working class as being thoroughly selves. distract world attention from the American people are for ending uation, the “progress and prob­ integrated into the neo-capitalist “In Vietnam,” the leaflet said, developments in south Vietnam, the war in the shortest time pos­ lems” of the African revolution, schemes of the European bour­ “a heroic people are resisting inflicting new horrible damages on sible. the present political and economic geoisie, the document points to practically alone the assaults of the north Vietnam, as though this were This fact was categorically stat­ situation in Western Europe and the immense revolutionary poten­ most powerful army in the world. nothing more than a game of ed in the main editorial of the the Sino-Soviet conflict. tial of the working class, which Their struggle is inspiring other chess. May 1 New York Times: “There The main topics of interest of comes to a head at various mo­ peoples, who will follow the ex­ Lay Ground is broad agreement about Viet­ the day are those which carry ments of history. ample of the October Revolution, nam ,” the Tim es declared, “as ev­ the most emphasis in these resolu­ It is at such points, the docu­ of the Yugoslav Revolution, the In the meantime, they will build ery public opinion poll shows; the tions. Above all others, the revolu­ ment contends, that an experi­ Chinese Revolution, the Cuban up the U.S. troop level in prepara­ country wants out . . .” tionary struggle in Vietnam is enced revolutionary leadership Revolution and the Vietnamese tion for a re-opening of the ground Most outspoken against the dan­ seen as the focal point of world can play a key role in furthering Revolution. They will abolish cap­ war in south Vietnam. And they gerous path the Democratic admin­ revolutionary activity and as the the struggle to build mass revolu­ italism .” will take steps toward preventing istration is undertaking, was Sena­ central arena of work for revolu­ tionary socialist movements. The leaflet called for more ef­ the elections from taking place, if tor J. W. Fulbright in a speech tionary Marxists. The document on the Sino-Soviet fective and better coordinated aid they are not already doing so. delivered to the American News­ Thus the political resolution conflict pays closest attention to for the revolution already under This was clearly indicated in an paper Publishers Association concludes with the first task of the crisis which this debate has way. “The last world congress of analytical article by N ew Y ork A pril 28. revolutionaries being to do “every­ stirred in the international Com­ the Fourth International appealed Tim es correspondent R. W. Apple, “America is showing some signs thing possible to extend demon­ munist movement — taking ac­ to the workers of all countries to written from Saigon May 2. of that fatal presumption,” Ful­ strations upholding the right of count of the pro-Moscow and pro- demand from the governments of After pointing out that the U.S. bright declared, “that overexten­ the Vietnamese people to decide Peking tendencies which have de­ the workers’ states, jet planes and government alone has the power sion of power and mission, which their own fate and demanding the veloped throughout the world. missiles for the heroic Vietnamese of deciding whether the elections brought ruin to ancient Athens, to immediate, unconditional with­ There is a detailed explanation of people. No difference in views, no take place, Apple argues that “it Napoleonic France and to Nazi drawal of imperialist troops from the recent disaster of the In­ tactical considerations, can justify is imperative that Washington, as Germany. The process has hardly V ietnam .” donesian Communist Party at the failure to provide more effective well as the American embassy begun, but the war which we are The document on Africa de­ hands of the right-wing military aid for the Vietnamese Revolu­ here, makes it unmistakably clear now fighting can only accelerate votes special attention to those junta in that country. tion.” that the United States favors elec­ it.” Monday, May 9, 1966 THE MILITANT Page Seven Letters from Our Readers

[This colum n is an open forum April 2 was due to his serious Ill­ yard. You were expected to call for all viewpoints on subjects of ness from which he has fortunate­ your cluster of beans a “victory Thought for the Week general interest to our readers. ly recovered. garden.” E d i t o r . ] “l believe the concept that we cannot abandon Asia to communism Please keep your letters brief. Aside from this correction, I Fan Mail Dep't is false, because by inference it implies that Asia is ours to abandon.” Where necessary they will be thought Harry Ring’s article was — From a speech to the Indianapolis Young Democrats by Robert abridged. Writers’ initials will be eminently fair. Beach Haven, N. J. Vaughn, the TV “Man from U.N.C.L.E.” used, names being withheld unless James Aronson Please renew my subscription authorization is given for use.] Editor, to your wonderful paper. National Guardian After reading my introductory atory garbage peddled by the brain at the thing they are best suited A Correction subscription for four months my trust of the power structure that until a transition period adjusts New York, N. Y. Uncle Lyndon's Liniment husband and I would not be with­ the schools need to know more workers to the needs of society about socialism — how people I read with interest your article Austin, Texas out it. We especially enjoyed your as a whole — production for use would live under it and what it and not far profit. on the Tricontinental Conference Some weeks ago I mailed you coverage of the International Days takes to get it, etc. Automation under private own­ (April 18) in which you discuss the original censored “Mother of Protest. Since the ruling class would be ership is bad for society now, but the approach of Monthly Review Baines Snake Oil” cover of the Lauren L. Gleim hurt by socialism, one can’t con­ under collective ownership it and the articles by Cedric Bel- Texas Ranger. At the time, I men­ frage in the National Guardian. Will Do demn them for lying about the would be good. As machines do tioned that a campus fraternity Los Angeles, Calif. “Red menace.” They are organized For the record, Belfrage was (yes, a real Greek organization) the work of man, the hours of to perpetuate their profits — they daily labor would shorten to the not in Havana for the conference. was planning to use the cover de­ I received your letter notifying are organized, and we are not. least possible time and workers His article on Jan. 22 was date- sign for a label for facsimile med­ me my subscription is expiring. I Anyhow they control the educa­ would at last have leisure for the lined Mexico City. Had he been icine. Now they have done it. am one of the victims of the im­ perialist-engineered overthrow of tional institutions and cannot be finer things of life — art, science, present and not had to rely on Enclosed is one of the labels second-hand reports, I believe the Dr. Kwame Nkrumah. I am not expected to agitate for socialism. literature, travel, abundance and from their “Uncle Lyndon’s Lem­ in a position to pay to renew my But when the U.S. imperialists can security. first article would have been on Liniment,” which sold out dur­ quite different in its conclusions. subscription but I shall be pleased no longer meet the needs of Amer­ Many customs would change. ing the Varsity Carnival, a Greek icans they will not be able to resist The long lapse between the if you would continue sending the Household drudgery would be al­ Affair held annually here. paper. the demands of our people for first article and the second on lotted through a division of labor, Members of the fraternity tell I shall pay in June when I change. family style. Wages and conditions me that Linda Bird Johnson came start working for the summer. I We will have to set up commit­ of employment would be settled by by their booth, accompanied by am a socialist and shall keep up tees or councils of progress with the councils of workers and farm­ a date who bought six bottles of my obligation. I quite know The a congress of delegates constitut­ ers, who are better equipped to 10 Years Ago the stuff — while she blushed! M ilitant is the only source of ing a democratic centralized body know and deal jvith them than At any rate, I have on hand information I want. responsible to the working class politicians or bankers. In The Militant some of the labels, which in the R.B. with penalties for betrayal. This Wars would no longer be name of our SDS unit, I will glad­ would develop into a cooperative fought, since the spoils of war ly turn over to anyone kind On Socialism commonwealth, with a socialized would have no appeal for the peo­ WHY STALINISTS BACKED enough to help us defray mailing Santa Cruz, Calif. economy as its objective, and peo­ ple already well taken care of. SMITH ACT AGAINST SWP — expenses. There has been so much derog- ple would, as fast as possible, work H .C 3, Without blowing any trumpets or even devoting an article in the The labels are gummed on back, Daily Worker to it, the American and may be stuck almost any­ Communist Party has nonetheless where. Someone, I suggest, should declared that it was wrong in sup­ affix them to napalm bombs. They It Was Reported in the Press porting the first use of the Smith seem to be his favorite medicine. Act in the celebrated Minneapolis Dick J. Reavis SDS, Box 7076 Ky? Never Heard of Him! — Note to LBJ — A subcommittee builder. Members of the group Labor Trial of the Socialist Work­ “The President resents much of of the California State Legislature wanted to improve his image by ers Party leaders . . . University Station Austin, Texas 78712 the criticism leveled at him and apparently hasn’t heard about the listing him in the official bro­ The April 22 issue of the W orker his Vietnamese policy, particular­ 3.2 percent wage increase “guide­ chure as “Specialist in Freight carries a report of a lecture by Question on Vietnam ly the charge that by ‘embracing’ line.” The committee favors a state Handling.” He insisted on being John Gates, the paper’s editor, in South Vietnamese Premier Nguyen referendum to hike the pay of listed as “Member of Local 10, which the following passage is Los Angeles, Oalif. Cao Ky at the Honolulu confer­ members of the legislature from ILWU.” However, a Harold Tres- found: “Among mistakes of the I find it very difficult to be­ ence he contributed to the politi­ $6,000 to $18,000. kunoff was listed as a “Food Serv­ American Communist Party, Gates lieve that a Soviet or Chinese cal unrest that nearly unseated Freedom Fighter Detained — ice Specialist.” He’s a waiter. cited its failure to carry on a fight version of “Redeye,” the hand­ Marshal Ky . . . As he sees it, it Esteban Ventura, former Batista against the indictment of the held, guided anti-aircraft rocket was not Premier Ky but the needs Rising Prosperity — The Inter­ Trotskyites under the Smith Act. for infantrymen, could not have secret police chief who fled to nal Revenue Service reports that of the south Vietnamese people freedom in Miami, was booked ‘For while we despise the political been provided the Liberation a recently concluded survey of that he ‘embraced’ at Honolulu.” with six associates on charges of views of the Trotskyites, that does forces of Vietnam a long time ago. 1963 tax retu rn s showed 371 ta x ­ — The April 27 New York Times. operating a $15,000-a-week num­ not justify us in our failure to payers reporting incomes of more The relatively simple homing bers racket. take a forthright position on their device has been known for many Tricky Business — The New than $1 million, as against 355 the arrest and conviction.’ ” years. The need for a Liberation Y o rk Tim es series on the CIA A Famous Victory — Nobody year previous. says: “If the CIA has ‘bought the has figured out what Johnson’s Gate’s description of the Stalin­ “Redeye” for defense against U.S. A Suggestion — We were in­ madam,’ as one official put it, of “war on poverty” will do for the ist line as a “failure to take a fascist copters and planes has terested to note that the so-called a house of ill-fame patronized by poor, but it has been established forthright position” is not the un­ been apparent for a long time. civilian police review board estab­ influential citizens or officials of that it will provide a definitive derstatement of the year, but a They could be used against tanks, lished by New York’s Mayor a host country, the Ambassador victory over poverty for the 6,484 deliberate falsification. The Amer­ trucks and boats too. Lindsay will use cops to investi­ doesn’t know it and probably jobholders who will carry on the ican CP was very forthright. In Why were they not provided? gate citizens’ complaints of police doesn’t want to.” But suppose he’s war. They will draw total salaries fact it was brazen. It was for the E.Z. brutality. The explanation is that a steady customer? of $53 million. Three hundred and prosecution! And it fought with this will save the cost of hiring ten of them will knock down be­ every dirty means available the Stumped by Terminology Free World Weapon — Navy civilian investigators. We have a movement to defend the civil tween $17,000 and $30,000 per an­ New York, N. Y. scientists have trained porpoises, num. better suggestion. Assign each in­ liberties of the first Smith Act carrying explosives in body har­ vestigation to the cop charged In the May 2 issue, the “It Was victims. — May 7, 1956. nesses, to ram enemy submarines. Status — A group of 27 busi­ with the act of brutality. Already Reported in the Press” column ness and public figures from San acquainted with the facts of the Prize - Winner — “STENNE- refers to the fact that people are Francisco were slated to fly to case, he’ll be able to dispose of it BOSCH, South Africa (R euters)— starting to grow “victory gardens” the USSR A pril 27. One w as A1 in record time. again. The use of this term is baf­ This year’s Hendrik Verwoerd Maisin, longshoreman and home- 20 Years Ago fling to me, having never heard Award is to go to Prime Minister —Harry Ring it mentioned in either the Marx­ Hendrik Verwoerd. The Verwoerd As the power of the 400,000 soft ist classics or New Left jargon. Trust Fund, set up to honor the coal miners in the fifth week of Please explain. prime minister and recognize ex­ their national strike made itself T.R. ceptional service, announced the FOR award today.” increasingly felt throughout Amer­ [Our apologies to the post-war ican industry, the Big-Business generation. The term is neither Tough-Situation Dep’t — The government last week launched old or new left but old war. Dur­ chief of L ife’s Saigon bureau com­ NEW READERS an open drive to intimidate the ing World War II the government plained about the use of tear gas miners. It aims to force them back encouraged people to cope with against demonstrators there. He to work without securing their de­ the vegetable shortage with a do- said it made it difficult to take If you are a new reader and would like to get better mands for safety conditions and it-yourself program in the back pictures. a union health-and-welfare fund. acquainted, you may obtain a special four-month intro- President Truman on May 4 ductory subscription by sending this blank and $1 to took the lead in an intensified If you enjoy reading The Militant and are interested in strikebreaking pressure campaign what the young socialist movement is thinking and doing, when he issued a statement which you will want to subscribe to America’s leading young so­ claimed that the mine strike con­ stitutes a “national disaster.” The cialist magazine statement embodied a report of th e MILITANT the Office of War Mobilization 873 Broadway and Reconversion. THE YOUNG SOCIALIST New York, N. Y. 10003 This scare-head report was $1 a year (six issues) clearly designed to throw respon­ sibility for the strike and its eco­ Send your dollar to nomic consequences on the miners. Truman has remained silent, how­ P.O. Box 471, Cooper Station, New York, N. Y. 10003 Name ever, about the criminal disregard Name... of safety rules and measures by Street ...... -...... Zip.. the coal operators. He has tacitly Street- -Zip.. upheld their arrogant refusal to consider the just demands of the City...... State.. | City ...... State ...... m iners. — M ay 11, 1946. Page Eight t h e MILITANT Monday, May 9, 1966 Deportation Board Hears Detroit Student Boycott 'Man Without a Country' By Paul Eidsvik Wins Ouster of Principal APRIL 29 — The case of Joseph making its decision take note of Johnson, the Minnesota socialist the constitutional issues and rec­ By Evelyn Sell through letters and phone calls declared “man without a country” ognize that the Immigration Act Carty. It demanded that “the and ordered deported from the itself was in a new and unclear DETROIT — Students of North­ Board of Education place North­ United States, was argued last field of constitutional law. ern High School here claimed an ern High School under immediate week before the Board of Immi­ The Immigration Service attor­ unprecedented victory after a ‘trusteeship’ by naming an acting gration Appeals in Washington, ney’s rebuttal of the defense ar­ four-day boycott of their substan­ principal for the rest of this term D.C. The Appeals hearing, which guments was based on a review dard ghetto school. The boycott ... it is obvious that the testimony was the latest legal step in John­ of the relationship of the King and was triggered by Principal Arthur of Northern teachers in any in­ son’s long fight to regain the Queen of England to the country, Carty’s refusal to allow the school vestigation of that school would American citizenship stripped dating back to the 15th century. paper to carry an article critical be worthless as long as Mr. Carty from him in May 1964, resulted His claim that the disputed state­ of the educational situation at is in a position to invoke reprisals in a significant legal advance in ment wasn’t the only evidence Northern. The article, written by connecting Johnson with the oath senior Charles Colding, correctly against those who might speak Johnson’s defense. against him.” His case was brought before of allegiance resulted in Douglas charged that the education avail­ the three-man board by Leonard Hall asking pointedly where this able at Northern and other pre­ In addition to the massive pres­ dominantly Negro schools was in­ sure exerted by students, parents, Boudin, the eminent constitutional evidence was and why it hadn’t ferior. teachers and ghetto organizations, attorney provided by the Emer­ been introduced. The INS attor­ new forces were constantly being gency Civil Liberties Committee, ney was unable to answer. Protesting the principal’s cen­ sorship, 2,300 students m arched drawn into the struggle. Church and by Douglas Hall, a well In other developments in the around the school on April 7. The and civic groups expressed sym­ known Minneapolis labor and case, the Committee to Oppose the demonstration had been banned pathy with the students’ cause. civil liberties attorney. Deportation of Joseph Johnson, the defense committee formed to pub­ by Principal Carty, but this de­ Marcellus Ivory, a UAW repre­ The U.S. Im m igration and N at­ licize the case and to raise the cision was overruled by school sentative and graduate of North­ uralization Service charges John­ funds necessary for the defense, Superintendent Samuel Brownell ern, announced the formation of son lost his American citizenship announced the opening of a new who “authorized” the action. As a Northern Alumni Association to by allegedly participating in Can­ national office in New York. The a pamphlet put out by the stu­ further education at Northern. adian m unicipal elections in 1958. new address of the committee is: dents explained: “Brownell boast­ Rev. Albert Cleage Michigan State, Senator Basil The INS claims that he took an Committee to Oppose the Depor­ ed that he authorized the demon­ Brown asked the Senate to inves­ oath of allegiance to Queen Eliz­ tation of Joseph Johnson, P.O. stration . . . What he failed to re­ Efforts of school officials, tigate all Wayne County schools abeth II as part of the election Box 434, P eter Stuyvesant Sta­ veal was that for three hours be­ and appeals from “community with special attention to Northern. process, nullifying his American tion, New York, N. Y. 10009. fore the demonstration he did all leaders,” to pressure parents into After the students returned to nationality. Johnson himself is now on the he could to prevent it. He was forcing their children back to N orthern on A pril 26, Superin­ Their case was recently weak­ final leg of a 17,000-mile national powerless!” school failed. State law requires tendent Brownell met repeatedly children from 6 through 16 to at­ ened when they dropped parts of tour sponsored by the committee. Sent Letter with Carty, the three student lead­ the charge against Johnson, and It has brought him, so far, to tend school. ers and union representatives. referred in the deportation order In a letter to Brownell, the stu­ The sentiments of the parents nearly twenty major cities across dents said they would not return Brownell asked Carty twice to only to the alleged oath of alleg­ were expressed by their attend­ voluntarily request reassignment. the United States, which has re­ to school until Principal Carty and iance and the sections of the 1952 ance at mass meetings, their sup­ Carty refused stating “such a de­ cently resulted in the gaining of police officer Lucas, who patrolled Immigration and Nationalities Act port of the Freedom School and cision would be morally indefens­ a number of prominent new spon­ the school grounds, were removed. pertaining to it. their picketing of the Board of ible.” He explained that if he sors, including Dorothy Day, Carl It was signed by the three stu­ Douglas Hall argued in his pre­ Education offices. One parent’s stepped out of the situation “I and Anne Braden, and Dr. How­ dents who led the student pro­ sentation that the oath referred sign read: “We Should Have Done will be helping convince high ard Zinn. test: Judy Walker, Michael Batch­ only vaguely to any national loy­ This 20 Years Ago.” A number of school students that success in life alty, that it contained nothing elor and Charles Colding. In an lawyers volunteered their legal A pril Detroit Free Press inter­ can be achieved through sustained about renunciation of American services to help parents charged disregard for the authority of the view, 16-year-old Judy explained, citizenship and that it was not the under the state compulsory at­ community.” type of oath specified in the Act “I am willing to give up every­ tendance law. thing to fight for an education. His Backing as grounds for the stripping of The younger militant teachers citizenship. He further argued If we don’t have an education, we Carty was supported by the don’t have anything . . . Negroes at Northern backed the students that the only evidence connecting all the way during the organizing School Administrators Council and Johnson with the oath he pur­ must do something to get ahead. the Detroit Federation of Admin­ They can’t stay behind. When I and carrying out of the protests portedly took was a statement and boycott. Of the 88 instructors istrators and Supervisors; Carty taken from him at the time of think of the abuse of Negroes in is a member of both groups. Mar­ the South — and to a degree here at Northern, 62 are members of his re-entry into the U.S., when the Detroit Federation of Teach­ tin Kalish, president of the latter he knew nothing of the charges in Detroit — I get mad enough group said that any request by to fight.” ers, and 31 of these issued a pub­ against him and had no access lic statement supporting the stu­ Carty for reassignment would to an attorney. There were immediate results dents and volunteering to teach “obviously be a result of mob Leonard Boudin then presented from this letter. The police in the Freedom School. pressure. We operate our schools the Constitutional issues in the department reassigned Lucas. The teachers at Northern had based on the authority of the Johnson case. He pointed to the Brownell called Carty in to “dis­ been filing grievances against teacher and the principal. How consequences of making a pre­ cuss the Northern situation” and Principal Carty, but the grievance do we operate schools if the stu­ cedent by stripping a native-born assigned assistant superintendent machinery was cranking out jus­ dents know they can put out a American citizen of his national­ Charles Wolfe to replace Carty at tice very slowly. As a result of teacher or a principal or anybody ity and making him a “stateless" Northern. the crisis precipitated by the stu­ else? . . . How do we control near­ person. After Easter vacation the stu­ dent boycott, the DFT took the ly 300,000 students in the Detroit Boudin stated that while the dents returned to school but on unusual step of filing a package school system if pupils are al­ Board of Appeals could not chal­ April 20, after a fruitless meeting of grievances against Carty in the lowed to dictate that a principal lenge the law itself, it should in Carl Braden with the Board of Education, they name of the whole union. must be fired?” staged a mass boycott vowing, The Federation added its weight But Superintendent Brownell “not to go back until Carty to the student demand to oust announced on April 29 that Carty leaves.” The next day it was an­ would definitely not return to Watts Negro Wins Acquittal nounced that a Freedom School Northern. The students had won was being set up for the students their demand and had made their by a group of Wayne State Uni­ “In March, the weekly point: something has to be done On Charge of Shooting Cop versity professors. about Northern right now! WATTS, Calif. — Philip Bently on bail, was finally brought to Throughout the boycott the spendable income of the One of the most outstanding Brooks, Negro father of four, was trial on the murder charge that Freedom School attracted the bulk average manufacturing features of this struggle was that freed April 26, after a jury de­ ended in his acquittal. He was of Northern’s 2,300 student body. it was entirely student-conceived, clared him innocent in the shoot­ represented by Attorneys Kenneth Faculty at Northern reported worker with three de­ student-organized and student-led. ing death of a deputy sheriff dur­ R. Thomas and Ben Wyatt. empty or nearly empty classes A small attempt at witch-hunting day after day. pendents — measured was launched by the local press ing the Watts uprising of last In freeing Brooks, the jury re­ August. A number of telegrams from in constant prices — when it was announced that the jected the claim by Deputy Lauer clergymen were sent to Dr. Greg­ students were involved with the Deputy Ronald Ludlow was that the defendant had grabbed at was no higher than a killed during the disorders when ory, Freedom School principal, Detroit chapter of the Congress of his shotgun, causing the gun to go asking that similar Freedom Racial Equality (CORE) and West the shotgun of his partner Deputy off. Brooks testified that the gun year earlier, although he William Lauer discharged, strik­ Schools be set up in other neigh­ Central Organization (WCO), a discharged when Lauer struck him borhoods. The situation at North­ was working somewhat community action group. The stu­ ing him in the stomach. He was on the elbow with the gun stock. the only white person killed in the ern was typical of all inner city longer hours. Does any­ dents had asked for legal advice Watts revolt. Several local groups came to high schools. Because of these from CORE and had used some Brooks, Joseph Lavine, Jr., and Brooks’ aid to raise funds for the common problems there was an one imagine that labor of the facilities of WCO but all Harold Potts, were driving in legal defense and to publicize the all-city meeting of high school will continue to show decisions and all plans were made Watts when approached by the case. These included: Brooks De­ students to plan sympathy walk­ by the students themselves and armed deputies. After one deputy fense Committee, Southside Cit­ outs to express their solidarity moderation in its wage carried out by students. shot the other, the three Negroes izens Defense Committee and Los with Northern’s demands. demands when prices It is unhappily true that the were dragged from their car, beat­ Angeles Committee for Defense of Rev. A lbert Cleage, 1964 can­ problems at Northern, as at all en, carted off to the jail section the Bill of Rights. didate for governor of the now- and profit margins are ghetto schools, cannot be solved of the county hospital and charged The Brooks Defense Committee defunct Freedom Now Party, continually rising?” — through the removal of one man with murder, although none had a published a ten-cent pamphlet on urged the students to carry out or by an investigating committee weapon or had touched the trigger the case which can be obtained by the sympathy walk-outs and also Gardner Ackley, chair­ or by a four-day boycott no mat­ that fired the fatal shot. writing to: Brooks Defense Com­ to picket the Board of Education ter how well planned. But the Potts and Lavine were held mittee, c/o Southside Citizens De­ offices. Cleage announced the for­ man of the President’s students have shown the kind of without bail for four months and fense Committee, 1020 Compton mation of a new group, Citizens Council of Economic militancy, determination and or­ then released following a court Ave., Los Angeles, Calif., 90002. to Aid Northern, which threatened ganizational skill that will be es­ decision. Brooks, held for nearly Contributions to cover the legal to defeat school tax hikes in the Advisers. sential to a continuing struggle seven months before he was freed costs can also be sent there. upcoming May 9 election. for a decent education for all.