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A Amott, Lennox, 111 Abensour, Miguel, 18, 29–35, 38, 39, Anarchism, 21, 33, 35, 39, 41, 46n, 166 113, 121, 124, 126, 127, 143, Abrams, M.H., 258, 260, 261 194–195, 206–207 ‘Advanced’ women, 57–60 Anderson, Amanda, 4, 8, 10–13, 18 Aesthetic autonomy, 6, 8–10, 68, 124, Anderson, Perry, 29, 37, 38, 48n, 165, 265 105, 120, 217, 254, 266–267 Aesthetic democracy, 163–165 Anti-capitalism, 20, 78, 143, 196, 264 Aestheticism, 5, 7, 9, 23, 162, 164, Anti-imperialism 165, 197, 265 confronting imperialism and empire, After London; or, Wild England 167, 181–191, 243n (Jefferies), 120 cosmopolitanism, 191–197 Agathocleous, Tanya, 191, 195, 205 counter-hegemony, 219–224, Agency, 6, 10–15, 23, 62, 74–82, 118, 225–226 128, 130, 155, 174n, 181, 197, internationalism, 208, 210–212, 260–261, 264, 266 215–217 ‘Agricultural Labourer, The’ limits of Morris’s internationalism, (Walkden), 155 227–237 Alienation, 8, 11, 130, 132, 195 Nowhere in translation, 203 Allen, Annie, 83, 88, 89 origins of Morris’s utopianism, Allen, Grant, 59 21–23, 33, 37, 41, 109 ‘All for the Cause’ (Morris), 8, 128 Anti-utopianism, 89, 93, 117, 124 Allotments and Small Holdings Arcadia, 108, 110, 111, 113, 114, Association, 146 121, 138, 158, 161 Alton Locke, Tailor and Poet À Rebours (Huysmans), 124 (Kingsley), 62 Armstrong, Nancy, 63, 66

© The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s) 2017 307 O. Holland, William Morris’s Utopianism, Palgrave Studies in Utopianism, DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-59602-0 308 Index

Arnold, Matthew Aurora Leigh (Browning), 62 cosmopolitanism, 193, 194, 196, Austen, Jane, 63 197 Autonomy, 4, 6, 8–10, 68, 74, 75, 80, critical detachment, 4–6 124, 140, 165 Culture and Anarchy, 24n Avant-garde, historical, 265 ‘Function of Criticism, The’, 4–5, Aveling, Edward, 69, 93, 194 192–193 pastoral structure of feeling, 108 ‘Scholar-Gypsy, The’, 111 B Arnot, Robin Page, 29, 37 Back-to-the-land movement, 21, 33, Art 37, 39, 41, 107, 122, 123, 165 aesthetic autonomy, 4, 6, 10, 68, Bakalov, Georgi, 199 265 Baldwin, Louisa MacDonald, 67 aesthetic democracy, 90, 134, 164, Baldwin, Stanley, 165 265 Ball, John. See Dream of John Ball, A agency, 12 (Morris) and ethics, 7 Bammer, Angelika, 14, 55, 60 and labour, 11, 14, 159, 163 Banks, Olive, 74 critical detachment, 8, 10, 11 Baring, Evelyn, 194 for art’s sake, 7, 9, 10, 84 Barnett, Anthony, 217 Morris lectures, 3–4, 8, 10, 16, 20, Barrett, Michèle, 53, 87 23, 83, 165, 191, 210, 215, Barthes, Roland, 228 258–259 Battle of Dorking, A Myth (anony- organic and mechanical metaphor, mous), 223 258 Battle of Dorking, The (Chesney), 22, palace of art, 162 220, 222, 223 real and sham art, 91 Baudelaire, Charles, 214 realism, 68, 77 Bauhaus movement, 123 utopian appropriations of pastoral, Bax, Ernest Belfort 162, 164 anti-imperialism, 185, 186, 192, ‘Art and Democracy’ (Morris), 4 228, 231 ‘Art and Labour’ (Morris), 11 anti-utopianism, 89, 92, 103n, 124 ‘Art and the People’ (Morris), 9 ‘Commercial Hearth, The’, 133 ‘Art of Fiction’ controversy, 77 editor of To-day, 7, 40 ‘Art of the People, The’ (Morris), 10, ‘Imperialism v. Socialism’, 186 162 internationalism, 199, 213, 214 Arts and Crafts movement, 14, 166 ‘Manifesto of the Socialist League ‘Art under Plutocracy’ (Morris), 4, 8, on the Soudan War’, 185 149 Manifesto of the Socialist League, ‘Art, Wealth and Riches’ (Morris), 136 The, 12 Atlee, Clement, 18 Nowhere in translation, 206 Aurora commune, Oregon, 115 on Adam Smith, 190 Index 309

on Marx, 54 Bildungsroman genre, 63, 66, 75, 80 on Ruskin’s Guild of St. George, Bines, Jonathan, 152 134 Binning, Thomas, 55, 190 Outlooks from the New Standpoint, Bishop Hill community, Illinois, 115 89 Blackburn, Helen, 60 Positivist infuence, 7, 215 Blackwell, James, 41 Religion of Socialism, The, 186 Bland, Lucy, 69 Short History of the Paris Commune, Blatchford, Robert, 203 A, 214 Blechman, Max, 45n Socialism from the Root Up, 93, 124, Bloch, Ernst 214, 258 critical readings, 39 Socialism: Its Growth and Outcome, criticism of Nowhere, 177n 18, 257 eight-hour day, 255 Bazard, Saint-Amand, 42 machinery, 257 Beaumont, Matthew, 64, 121 pastoral utopia, 138, 173n Bebel, August Principle of Hope, The, 39, 97n feminism, 75, 89 ‘Bloody Sunday’ demonstration internationalism, 201, 233 (1887), 211, 259 Woman and Socialism, 57, 58, 69, Blunt, Wilfrid Scawen, 182 75, 82, 85 Bogosavljević, Dušan, 199 Woman in the Past, Present and Boos, Florence, 52, 61–62, 79–81 Future, 200, 232 Boos, William, 62 Becker, Lydia, 57 Booth, William, 195 Beesly, E.S., 214, 219 Bowman, Sylvia, 197, 198, 206 Bellamy, Edward Bradbury, Malcolm, 23 Looking Backward, 38, 112, 165, Bradlaugh, Charles, 199 196–198, 242n Brantlinger, Patrick, 99n, 220, 221, Nowhere in translation, 197, 198, 223, 229, 234 204, 206 Bright, John, 55, 189–191 pastoral structure of feeling, 112, Brisbane, Albert, 117 152 British Empire, 184, 188, 190, 192, review of Nowhere, 110 204, 222, 225, 227 ‘Belle Iseult, La’ painting (Morris), 66 British Museum, 186, 187, 211 Belsey, Andrew, 93 British Road to Socialism, The (CPGB), Bennett, Phillippa, 79, 246n 37 Bentham, Jeremy, 235 Brontë, Charlotte, 4, 63, 72 Beowulf, 16, 65 Brooke, Emma, 69, 74 Berman, Marshall, 156 Brotherhood Church, 127 Berners, John, 175n Brown, Ford Madox, 183, 232 Bernstein, Eduard, 207 Browning, Elizabeth Barrett, 62 Besant, Annie, 69, 115, 151 Brownlow, Lord, 146 Besant, Walter, 77 Buck-Morss, Susan, 237 Bethel commune, Oregon, 115 Buell, Lawrence, 153, 154 310 Index

Burchardt, Jeremy, 129, 154, 155 realism and romance, 66, 68, 78 Burne-Jones, Edward, 183 Victorian socialist feminism, 56, 66 Burne-Jones, Georgiana, 16, 130, 131 Carleson, Carl Natanael, 199 Burnie, R.W., 113 Carlyle, Thomas Burns, John, 189, 259 Chartism, 231 Burt, Thomas, 55, 56 empire and colonialism, 182, Butler, Samuel, 38 230–232, 234–236 On Heroes, Hero-Worship and the Heroic in History, 232 C Past and Present, 78, 227 Cabet, Etienne, 114, 116, 206–207 Sartor Resartus, 231 Caird, Mona social criticism, 11, 61, 217, 236 feminist responses to Nowhere, 52, Victorian socialist-feminism, 61 53 ‘Carmagnole, La’, 212 individual and collective agency, 80 Carpenter, Edward ‘Marriage’, 69–70 From Adam’s Peak to Elephanta, Morris’s network, 68 125 origins of Morris’s utopianism, 21 correspondence, 42–43, 68, 132 realism and romance, 72, 73, 80 Morris’s network, 14 Victorian socialist-feminism, 54, 59 pastoral structure of feeling, 107, Wing of Azrael, The, 71, 74 119, 124–129, 130–132, 166 ‘Candour in English Fiction’ (Hardy), ‘Simplifcation of Life’, 125 72 Towards Democracy, 124, 128 Capital (Marx), 185 Carson, Rachel, 129 Capitalism Chamberlain, Joseph, 143, 146, 147, aesthetic democracy, 164, 166 150, 151, 222 alienation, 8, 13, 250 Change, 162, 256–258, 260, 262 anti-imperialism, 185, 186, 188, Chants, 8, 16, 128, 228, 264 210, 221 Chants for Socialists (Morris), 8–9, 264 cosmopolitanism, 194–197 Chapters on Socialism (Mill), 259 critical readings, 4, 11, 22, 39–41, Charterville, Oxfordshire, 123 44, 90, 139, 152, 154, 189, Chartism (Carlyle), 231 196, 199, 203, 207, 235, 251, Chartist Land Plan, 123 255–257, 264 Chartist movement, 62, 142, 193, individual and collective agency, 73, 213, 216, 231 78, 154 Cheah, Pheng, 196 labour, 251 Chesney, G.T., 22, 220, 222, 223 land nationalisation, 141–144, 147, Chesser, Elizabeth Sloan, 59 149 Chesterton, G.K., 65 organic and mechanical metaphor, ‘Choric Song’ (Tennyson), 161, 179n 261 Cho, Sonjeong, 63 prefguration, 118, 121, 124 Index 311

Chubb, Percival, 62, 63, 65, 66, 77, counter-hegemony in literary 113, 163 culture, 221, 222 Civilisation, 11, 43, 83, 113, 204, Defence of Great and Greater 222, 228, 256–258, 264 Britain, The, 222, 227 Civil War in France, The (Marx), 194 Imperial Federation, 227 Claeys, Gregory, 184, 240n imperialism, 183 Clapperton, Jane, 65, 69, 74, 91, 92 Imperial Strategy, 222 Clara’s Lovers (Morris), 67 internationalism, 227 Clarion (newspaper), 203 Reorganisation of Our Military Class (social) Forces, The, 222 antagonism, 3, 12, 21, 24n, 55–56, Colonial and Indian Exhibition, 187 67, 76, 87, 91, 123, 135, 147, Colonialism 163, 190, 192, 194, 208, 214, confronting imperialism and empire, 223, 231, 256, 262 181, 185, 190, 203, 221 cosmopolitanism, 194–195 cosmopolitanism, 194 counter-hegemony in literary cul- counter-hegemony in literary cul- ture, 218–219, 221, 224 ture, 221 disinterest, 5 limits of Morris’s internationalism, female domestic economy, 83, 84, 227–237 87 origins of Morris’s utopianism, 23 individual and collective agency, Colonisation, 231–234 76–77 ‘Commercial Hearth, The’ (Bax), 133 internationalism, 190, 192–193, Commonsense, 22, 32, 33, 43, 44, 199, 201, 207–208, 216, 230 45n, 66, 195 land nationalisation, 147 Commonsense Socialism (Kempner), 21 mechanical metaphor, 261 Commons Preservation Society, 3, 122 narrative utopias, 17 Commonweal Victorian socialist-feminism, 54, 55, circulation, 18, 20, 248n 58, 61, 64, 76, 82–83 cosmopolitanism, 194–195 Clousden Hill Communist and critical detachment, 5 Co-operative Colony, 107 imperialism and empire, 183–190 Cobb, James Francis, 215 internationalism, 197, 199, 201, Cobden, Jane, 57 207–209, 212, 229–230, Cobden, Richard, 189 233–234 Cohen, Margaret, 214 land nationalisation, 141, 142, Cokaygne, 159 144–148, 151 Coleridge, Samuel Taylor, 112, 234, News from Nowhere, 15, 16, 18, 30, 235, 261 39, 41, 94, 155–157, 178n, Collected Letters (Morris), 83 186, 250, 253 Collings, Jesse, 150, 151 organic and mechanical metaphor, Colomb, J.C.R. 258–259 312 Index

pastoral structure of feeling, 105, Corps of Artist Volunteers, 183 113–119, 121, 124, 126, Cosmé colony, Paraguay, 111, 113 131–133, 139, 141, 155–157, Cosmopolitan Club, 194 168n Cosmopolitanism, critics of, 191–197 propaganda, 139, 250 ‘Cosmopolitan Republicanism’ realism and romance, 67, 68, 70, (Beesly), 215 72, 73 Cosmopolitan Research Association, Victorian socialist feminism, 55, 57, 195 61, 82, 85, 87, 88, 90 Counter-hegemony Communards, 61, 200, 212–216, imperialism and colonialism, 22, 219, 224, 251 182, 185, 191, 210, 220 Commune in London, The (Hemyng), internationalism, 217, 227 223 romance revival, 22, 210, 217, Communes, 92, 107, 114–115, 118, 219–227, 230, 264 121, 196, 202 Counter-pastoral dynamic, 155–157 Communism Counterpublic, 20, 201 critical readings of Nowhere, 30, 40, Country and the City, The (Williams), 129, 255, 266 112 meaning of, 107, 118 Courbet, Gustav, 215 Morris’s internationalism, 204, 208 CPGB. See Communist Party of Great organic metaphor, 236, 258 Britain pastoral structure of feeling, 107, Craig, E.T., 114 111–119, 124, 131, 158, 163 Crane, Walter, 208 pleasurable labour, 163 Criminal Law Amendment Act (1885), utopian movements, 119, 121, 126, 131 135 Critical detachment, 4–8, 10–12, ‘Communism’ (Morris), 196 17–19, 109, 125, 162, 193, 236 ‘Communism’ (Newton), 40 Crump, John, 204, 206, 207, 254 Communist Manifesto, The (Marx and Crystal Age, A (Hudson), 120 Engels), 187, 194, 205, 251 Crystal Palace, 188 Communist Party of Great Britain Cullen, John, 111 (CPGB), 18, 29, 37 Cultural resistance, 182 Communitarianism, 41, 95, 107, Culture and Anarchy (Arnold), 24n 116–118, 127, 132, 165 Culture and Imperialism (Said), 229 Conrad, Joseph, 79, 186, 234 ‘Culture and Society’ tradition, 217, Contagious Diseases Act, 57 218 ‘Cook, Annie’, 83, 88, 89 Culture and Society (Williams), 37, Co-operative colonies, 107 217, 270n Cooperative Commonwealth, The Cunningham, Gail, 54 (Gronlund), 117 Cunningham, Valentine, 152 Co-operative movement, 90 Cunninghame Graham, R.B., 259 Corbett, Elizabeth, 65 Cuthbertson, W.J., 114 Corning colony, Iowa, 114, 115 Index 313

D Disinterested critic, 4, 5, 24n, Daily News, 3, 110, 183 192–193 Dalai Lama, 184 Disraeli, Benjamin, 184, 235 Daly, Nicholas, 210 Division of labour, 52, 56, 84, 86, 87, Daniel Deronda (Eliot), 63 90, 92, 159, 164 David Copperfeld (Dickens), 72 Dixie, Florence, 65 Davidson, Thomas, 62, 126 Dobson, Austin, 111 Davis, H., 41 Doll’s House, A (Ibsen), 52 Davis, Lennard J., 27n Domestic labour, 53, 83, 85, 87, ‘Dawn of a New Epoch’ (Morris), 196 89–92 ‘Day is Coming, The’ (Morris), 8, 128 Dominant ideology, 32, 33, 35 Day Lewis, Cecil, 152 Doubled image of women, 80, 81, 83 Dearle, John Henry, 216 Dowie, Ménie Muriel, 74 ‘Death Song, A’ (Morris), 211 Dowling, Linda, 162–164 Decline and Fall of the British Empire, Dream of John Ball, A (Morris) The (Watson), 225 Commonweal serialisation, 15 Defamiliarisation, 33, 35, 78, 228 critical readings, 30, 93 Defence of Great and Greater Britain, fellowship, 127 The (Colomb), 222, 227 imperialism and empire, 185, 189, Defence of Guenevere and Other Poems, 191, 225 The (Morris), 9, 66 land nationalisation, 140–151 Deleuze, Gilles, 38–40 propaganda, 249, 267 Deller, Jeremy, 25n realism and romance, 63, 64, 78 Delver, John, 142 Victorian socialist-feminism, 61, 63 Democratic Federation, 7, 57, 252 Dreams (Schreiner), 65 Dentith, Simon, 250 Dream-visions, 15–17, 65, 71, 78, 92, ‘Depression of Trade, The’ (Morris), 120, 121, 138, 159, 162, 189 185 Dress reform, 60 D’Errico, Ernestina, 34 Droit à la Paresse, Le (Lafargue), 158, De-skilling, 159 251, 252 Determinism, 260 ‘D’, ‘Scaring the Capitalists’, 15 Dever, Carolyn, 214 Dewsbury Weavers’ Union, 54 Dickens, Charles E David Copperfeld, 72 Eagleton, Terry, 13, 14, 205, 235 Hard Times, 162 ‘Early Literature of the North – Tale of Two Cities, A, 214 Iceland’ (Morris), 233 Difference, 22, 52, 56–58, 61, 84, 85, Earthly Paradise, The (Morris), 9, 66, 131 71, 108, 193, 198, 216, 257, 260 Dilke, Charles, 222 Eastern Question Association (EQA), Diogenes the Cynic, 192 3, 183–184, 235 ‘Eastern Question’ letter (Morris), 3 314 Index

Eclogues (Virgil), 137, 153, 158 English Land Restoration League Eco-criticism, 108, 129 (ELRL), 122, 140 Eco-socialism, 129, 130 English Revolution of the Twentieth Education of desire, 18, 32, 45n, 166 Century, The (Lazarus), 225 Edward Bellamy Abroad (Bowman), Englishwoman’s Review, The, 60 197, 198, 206 Episodes in the Lives of Men, Women Egerton, George, 65 and Lovers (Simcox), 64 ‘Eight Hour Day’ campaign, 253 Equality, 5, 22, 52, 55, 56, 60, 76, 84, Eight-Hour League, 252 85, 88, 91, 119, 135 ‘“Eight Hours” and the Erewhon (Butler), 38, 39 Demonstration, The’ (Morris), Essay on the Principle of Population, An 253, 254 (Malthus), 232 Eisenstein, Hester, 66 Essentialism, 52, 56, 60 ‘Elegy Written in a Country Estrangement, 31–33, 35, 37, 92, 149 Churchyard’ (Gray), 153 Euro-centricism, 228, 236 Eliot, George, 4, 7, 54, 63, 108, 182 Evans, W.H., 232 Eliot, T.S., 226 Exhibitions, 188 Ellis, Gilbert Ilfold, 200 Expansion of England, The (Seeley), Ellis, Havelock, 14, 85, 126 221, 222 Embodied praxis, 5, 6, 11, 109, 120, 121, 125, 127, 128, 131, 236 Emerson, Ralph Waldo, 123, 126 F Emigration, 112, 119, 230 Fabian Society, 62, 113, 115, 196, ‘Emigration and Colonisation’ 207, 235, 252 (Morris), 230 False consciousness, 13 Employment. See work Family, 53, 69, 70, 75, 76, 82, 84, ‘End and the Means, The’ (Morris), 87, 91 120 Fantasy narratives, 22, 23, 31, 79–80, Enfantin, Barthélemy-Prosper, 42 82 Engels, Friedrich Far from the Madding Crowd (Hardy), Communist Manifesto, The, 187, 153 194, 205, 251, 252 Faulkner, Charles, 16, 61, 232 cosmopolitanism, 193, 194, 240n Fellowship, 91, 127, 128, 145, 147, critical readings, 37, 39, 42 163 labour, 76, 117, 242 Fellowship House, 126 Socialisme Utopique et Socialisme Fellowship of the New Life, 62, 110, Scientifque, 42, 93 113, 125, 126 spiral metaphor, 12, 26n Female domestic economy, 84–94 England for All (Hyndman), 125 Female labour, 55, 57, 60, 63, 64, 87 England’s Downfall; or, the Last Female suffrage, 57, 58, 60 Great Revolution (‘An Feminism Ex-Revolutionist’), 223, 225 critical detachment, 10 critical readings of Nowhere, 41, 109 Index 315

female domestic economy in Franco–Prussian war, 192, 219, 220, Nowhere, 83 92 222 − feminist responses to Nowhere, 51, Frankel, Leo, 201 52, 60–61, 63, 94 Fraser, Nancy, 66 feminist utopias, 14, 60, 64 Frau und der Sozialismus, Die. See individual and collective agency, 14, Woman and Socialism (Bebel) 74–82 Free Commune, 126 Morris’s network, 14 Freeman’s Journal, 111, 112 origins of Morris’s utopianism, 14, Free print, 98n 21, 22, 33, 41, 53, 94–95, 109 Free trade, 146, 189–191 realism and romance, 64–73 Free unions, 61, 82, 98n Victorian socialist-feminism, 54–64 French Revolution, 5, 197, 214, 238n Ferry Hincksey road project, 136 Froissart, Jean, 144, 148 ‘Fiction, Fair and Foul’ (Ruskin), 67 From Adam’s Peak to Elephanta Firm, The, 4, 16, 67, 77, 124, (Carpenter), 125 215–217, 262 Frost, Mark, 170n, 174n First International, 193, 199 Froude, J.A., 181, 222, 227 First-wave feminism Frye, Northrop, 107, 249 critical readings of Nowhere, 41, 109 Full employment, 256 female domestic economy inNow- ‘Function of Criticism, The’ (Arnold), here, 83–92 4, 5, 192–193 feminist responses to Nowhere, 51, 52, 60–61, 63, 94 individual and collective agency, 14, G 74–82 Gagnier, Regenia, 22, 191, 193, 195, origins of Morris’s utopianism, 14, 196 21, 22, 33, 41, 53, 94–95, 109 Gallia (Dowie), 74 realism and romance, 64–73 Gandhi, Leela, 128, 172 Victorian socialist-feminism, 54–64 Garden City movement, 116, 123 ‘Flatness’, utopian, 65, 163 Garden metaphor, 216–217 Folk songs, 107, 154 Gender politics Foote, G.W., 69 essentialism, 52, 56, 60 Ford, Isabella, 74 female domestic economy, 84–92 Forewarned! Forearmed!: The Suggested feminist responses to Nowhere, 52, Invasion of England by the 53, 60–61, 63, 94 Germans (anonymous), 223 individual and collective agency, ‘Formes de L’Utopie Socialiste- 74–82 Communiste, Les’ (Abensour), 32 Victorian socialist-feminism, 54–64 Fors Clavigera (Ruskin), 133–137, General Strike, The (anonymous), 15 140, 183, 215 Genre Forster, W.E., 222 Bildungsroman, 63, 66, 75, 80 Foster, John Bellamy, 129 gender politics, 22, 53, 64, 66, 73 Fourier, Charles, 65, 93, 116–118, pastoral structure of feeling, 107–109, 124, 163, 265 118, 137, 140, 152, 221, 255 316 Index

realism and romance, 14, 21, 22, The Graphic (newspaper), 98n, 110 39, 44, 63, 66, 68–73, 79, 112, Grason, C., 195 148, 182, 220–223 Gray, Thomas, 153 utopia, 17, 21, 32, 39, 44, 46n, 89, Great Dodford, Worcestershire, 123 94, 118, 210, 250–251 ‘Greater Britain’, 181, 222, 226 Geoghegan, Vincent, 90 Great Exhibitions, 188 George, Henry, 141, 143, 147 Green, J.R., 148 Georget La Chesnais, Pierre, 199 Green cosmopolitanism, 191 Georgics (Virgil), 137, 158 Greenwood, John, 119 Gertha’s Lovers (Morris), 66 Green-world, 120–122, 130, 153– Gervais, David, 108 155, 157 Gibbon, Edward, 225 Grip, 223 Gifford, Terry, 108, 114 Gronlund, Laurence, 116, 117 Gilbert, Nathaniel, 17 Guarneri, Carl, 198, 206 Gilman, Charlotte Perkins, 59 Guattari, Felix, 38–40 Girard, René, 99n Guild of St. George, 107, 118, 134, ‘Girl of the Future, The’ (Allen), 59 135, 137, 141, 170n, 216 Glasier, John Bruce, 120, 141, 142, 180n Glasier, Katherine Bruce, 74 H Globalisation, 188, 194, 199 Hadleigh colony, Essex, 122 Godin, Jean Baptiste André, 117 Haeck, François, 117 Godwin, William, 240n Haggard, Henry Rider, 23, 78, 79, Goode, John, 13, 178n 112, 122, 181, 210, 220 Goodlad, Lauren, 192, 194 Hammersmith Socialist Society, 3 Gordon, General Charles George, 212 Happy Prince and Other Tales, The Gostling, Sarah S., 85 (Wilde), 73 ‘Gothic Architecture’ (Morris), 12 Hard Times (Dickens), 162 ‘Government of Subject Races, The’ Hardy, Dennis, 107, 125 (Baring), 194 Hardy, Thomas Gramsci, Antonio, 11, 45n, 220, 260, ‘Candour in English Fiction’, 72 261 Far from the Madding Crowd, 153 Grand, Sarah Jude the Obscure, 72, 74 gender politics, 52, 53, 72 Mayor of Casterbridge, The, 154 Heavenly Twins, The, 74 origins of Morris’s utopianism, 22 Ideala: A Study from Life, 71, 75 pastoral structure of feeling, 110 individual and collective agency, 74, realism and romance, 72 80 Tess of the D’Urbervilles, 154 origins of Morris’s utopianism, 21 Under the Greenwood Tree, 153 realism and romance, 71, 72 utopian appropriations of pastoral, Victorian socialist-feminism, 54, 153–155, 157 59, 62 Harper’s Monthly, 72 Index 317

Harrington, James, 227 House of Pomegranates, A (Wilde), 73 Harrison, Fredric, 7, 183, 219 House of the Wolfngs, The (Morris), 73, Hartley, Constance, 59 79, 230 Harvey, David, 36, 219 Houses of Parliament, 44, 135 Haymarket affair, 143 Howe, Stephen, 228 Heart of Darkness (Conrad), 79, 186, Howell, Constance, 71 234 ‘How I Became a Socialist’ (Morris), Heavenly Twins, The (Grand), 74 135, 228 Heilmann, Ann, 52–54, 74 How John Bull Lost London (Grip), 223 Heimskringla translation (Morris), 16 How Novels Think (Armstrong), 63 Hemyng, Bracebridge, 223–224 ‘How the Change Came’ (Nowhere) Henderson, Fred, 76 counter-hegemony, 73, 187, Henderson, Philip, 11, 12 219–220, 254 Henley, W.E., 78 Eight-Hour Day, 253 ‘Henry George’ (Morris), 143 general strike, 15 Henty, G.A., 112, 181 internationalism, 208, 212 Herbert, Karen, 229 Nowhere in translation, 204, 206 Herland (Gilman), 59 role of the press, 250 Herodotus, 159 Victorian socialist feminism, 58 Heuristic utopianism, 18, 32, 34, 39, ‘How We Live and How We Might 46n, 76, 78, 92, 94, 109, 137, Live’ (Morris), 31, 191, 197 139, 166, 226, 250 Hudson, W.H., 120 Hewlett, Maurice, 110 Hughes, Stuart Sam, 25n Higgins, John, 218 Hukin, George, 130 Histoire de la Commune de 1871 Humanism, 235 (Lissagaray), 215 Human nature, 113, 115, 119 Historical avant-garde, 265 Hunt, Karen, 51, 60, 87 Historical Basis of Socialism in Hunt, William Holman, 183 England, The (Hyndman), 54 Huxley, T.H., 183 History and Class Consciousness Huysmans, Joris-Karl, 124 (Lukács), 77 Huyssen, Andreas, 264 History of the Decline and Fall of the Hyndman, Henry Mayers Roman Empire (Gibbon), England for All, 125 225 England, The, 54 Hobsbawm, Eric, 202, 207, 208 Fellowship of the New Life, 62 Hobson, J.A., 181, 234 Historical Basis of Socialism in Holdsworth, Annie E., 85 England, The, 54 Holzman, Michael, 41 land nationalisation, 143, 144 ‘Home Colonisation’ scheme, 141 Nowhere in translation, 18, 203, 204 Homer, 16, 159, 161 Social Democratic Federation, 131 Homosexuality, 131 Hopes and Fears for Art (Morris), 96n ‘Hopes of Civilization, The’ (Morris), I 115, 185, 219 Ibsen, Henrik, 52 318 Index

Icarian settlements, 114, 115 limits of Morris’s internationalism, ‘Iceland First Seen’ (Morris), 233 227–237 Icelandic saga literature, 213 Nowhere in translation, 203 Ideala: A Study from Life (Grand), 71, origins of Morris’s utopianism, 75 21–23, 33, 37, 41, 109 Idealism, 5, 62, 112, 113, 133, 134, ‘Imperialism v. Socialism’ (Bax), 186 235 Imperial Strategy (Colomb), 222 Ideology ‘Impressions of the Paris Congress’ anti-utopianism, 93 (Morris), 58, 199 critical readings of Nowhere, 19, 21, In Darkest England and the Way Out 32, 33, 35, 41–44, 90, 94, 121, (Booth), 195 123, 264 Independent Labour Party, 235 gender politics, 52, 53, 57, 59, 61, Individualism 75–79, 84, 87, 102n embodied praxis, 129–130, 166 imperialism, 181, 184–185, 188, individual and collective agency, 9, 190, 191, 194, 210, 217, 10–13, 73, 74, 76–78 218, 220, 222–223, 228–229, land nationalisation, 151 235–236 realism and romance, 64–68, 72–74, individual agency, 12–14, 23 99n internationalism, 198, 200, 201, Industrialisation, 152, 154 208 ‘Integral Co-Operators, The’ (The land nationalisation, 140–142 Co-Operative Commonwealth), pastoral, 152 116 realism and romance, 64, 66, 67, Interiority, 63–65, 67–68, 77, 85, 87, 71–72, 75 93 Idylls, 109, 111, 137, 153 International Herald, The, 142 Idylls of the Field (Knight), 111 Internationalism Idylls (Theocritus), 109, 137, 153 colonialist limits of Morris’s interna- IFL. See Imperial Federation League tionalism, 227–237 Immanent utopias, 38, 39 confronting imperialism and empire, Imperial Federation (Colomb), 227 183–191 Imperial Federation League (IFL), cosmopolitanism, 191–197, 240n 221 counter-hegemony, 219–222 Imperial Gothic fction, 220, 222, free trade, 189–191 223, 226 from Place Vendôme to Trafalgar Imperialism Square, 208–218 confronting imperialism and empire, imperial Gothic, 220 167, 183–191, 243n imperialism and colonialism, 181, cosmopolitanism, 191–197 182 counter-hegemony, 219–224, Nowhere in translation, 197–208 225–226 origins of Morris’s utopianism, 22 internationalism, 208, 210–212, International School, 200 215–217 Index 319

International Workingmen’s Justice (newspaper), 8, 143, 184 Association (First International), 142, 199 In Time of War (Cobb), 215 K Invasion narratives, 220, 222, 223 Kari, J.K., 199 Irish Home Rule, 185, 204 Katz, Wendy, 220 Irish language, 202 Kautsky, Karl, 201, 202, 206 ‘Iron, Ralph’. See Schreiner, Olive Kaweah colony, California, 112–114, Isherwood, Christopher, 152 132 Kaweah Commonwealth (newspaper), 114 J Kelmscott House, 83, 84, 88, 195, Jack, George, 105 233 Jacobs, Joseph, 80 Kemlscott Manor, 105 James, Henry, 77, 224 Kelmscott Press, 19, 78, 80, 164, Jameson, Fredric 175n, 231, 264 characterisations of Morris, 12, 152, Kelvin, Norman, 164 177n Kempner, Nadja, 21 full employment, 256 Kent, Eddy, 191, 192 origins of Morris’s utopianism, 20, Kenworthy, John Coleman, 127, 171n 21, 250 Keynotes (Egerton), 65 pastoral utopia, 123, 131–133, 152, Kingsley, Charles, 61, 62, 234 163 Kinna, Ruth, 34, 52 politics of Nowhere, 40, 120 Kipling, Rudyard, 23, 79, 112 realism and romance, 65–67 Kitz, Frank, 38, 70, 186, 195 utopian appropriations of pastoral, Knauer, Lisa, 210 153, 163 Knight, Francis Arnold, 111 Jane Eyre (Brontë), 72 Kranidis, Rita S., 53, 54 Janowitz, Anne, 15, 213, 214, 219 Kropotkin, Peter, 110, 148, 149, 151 Jefferies, Richard, 120 Kumar, Krishan, 19, 34, 107, 162 Jentzsch, Hans Gabriel, 86, 147, 155 Kyrle Society, 3, 122 Jingoism, 181, 203, 221 John Ball. See Dream of John Ball, A (Morris) L Johnes, Thomas, 144 Labouchere Amendment, 131 Johnson, Lionel, 110, 165 Labour Jones, Ernest, 142 agency, 11 Jones, Gareth Stedman, 216 and art, 11, 14, 163 Journalism, 16, 19, 157, 182, 185, cosmopolitanism, 194 215 dignity of, 136, 252 Journal of Travel in Iceland, 1871, A division of, 52, 84, 86, 87, 90, 92, (Morris), 232 138, 159, 164 Jude the Obscure (Hardy), 72, 74 eight-hour day, 252, 253, 255 320 Index

female, 55–57, 60, 63, 64, 87 Lefebvre, Henri, 211 internationalism, 199, 203, 208, Leisure, 158, 159, 164, 252 216 LeMire, Eugene D., 233 land nationalisation, 134–135, 141, ‘Lessons in Socialism’ (Aveling), 194 144, 146–148, 155 Lester, H.F., 223 laziness, 158, 163, 251, 252 Levitas, Ruth, 30, 45n, 52 machinery, 154, 159, 257 Liberal feminism, 56, 58, 60, 66, 69, pleasurable labour, 110, 155–156, 74 158–160, 163, 250, 251, 256 Liberal Party, 143 theory of value, 125, 190, 214 Liberman, Michael, 47n utopian appropriations of pastoral, Libertarianism, 61, 82 154, 155, 158, 161, 162 Liberty and Property Defence League Victorian socialist-feminism, 55, (LPDL), 55, 66 60, 84 Lichtheim, George, 114 ‘Labour Day’ (Morris), 253 Liebknecht, Natalie, 199, 202 Lafargue, Paul Liebknecht, Wilhelm, 201 Droit à la Paresse, Le, 158, 251, 252 Life and Death of Jason, The (Morris), internationalism, 201 9 labour, 252, 256–257 Linnell, Alfred, 211 ‘Morrow of the Revolution, The’, Lissagaray, Prosper-Olivier, 215 159, 268n Liverpool Mercury, 4 Land nationalisation, 122, 140–143, Livesey, Ruth, 178n, 264 147, 151, 252 Lloyd’s Weekly Newspaper, 110 Land Nationalisation Society (LNS), Longman’s Magazine, 78 122, 140 Looking Backward (Bellamy), 38, 112, Land reform, 109, 140, 141, 143, 165, 197, 198, 241 144, 146–148, 150 ‘Lotos-Eaters, The’ (Tennyson), Land Reform Union, 140 158–161, 163, 164 Land restoration movement, 142 Louis XIV, 212 Land Tenure Reform Association Lovell, Terry, 55, 61 (LTRA), 122 Love triangles, 66, 67 Lane, William, 111 Lowbands, Worcestershire, 123 Lang, Andrew, 78 Löwy, Michael, 78, 193, 201–203, Laundry Women’s Co-operative 236 Association, 90 LPDL. See Liberty and Property Lavroff, Pierre, 201 Defence League Lazarus, Henry, 225 Lukács, Georg, 77 Laziness, 158, 251, 252, 256 Lupton, Edith, 90 Ledger, Sally, 54, 58, 92 Lyons, Lewis, 145 Leeds Mercury, 112, 113 Lees, Edith, 126 Index 321

M Marsh, Jan, 51, 52, 94, 106, 118, 122 Mabb, David, 262, 263 Marshall, John, 151 MacCarthy, Fiona, 83 Marshall, Peter Paul, 16 MacDonald, Bradley J., 46n Marx, Eleanor MacDonald, Ramsay, 126 cosmopolitanism, 194 MacDonald, Robert H., 181 realism and romance, 69 Mace, Rodney, 210 review of Woman and Socialism, 69, Machines, 152, 154, 158–159, 177n, 82 251, 257, 258 translation of Histoire de la Mackail, J.W., 111, 137, 197, 198, Commune de 1871, 215 204, 266, 267 Victorian socialist feminism, 57–59, MacKenzie, Ida, 90 82 MacKenzie, John, 188 Marx, Karl MacNeice, Louis, 152 and Arnold, 24n Magnússon, Eiríkr, 232 Capital, 185 Male desire, 51 Communist Manifesto, The, 187, Male unconscious, 79 194, 205, 251 Malevich, Kazimir, 262 cosmopolitanism, 192–194 Maloy, Mrs. M.A., 119 critical readings of Nowhere, 37, 43 Malthus, Thomas Robert, 232 imperialism and empire, 185, 190 Manchester Guardian, 110 internationalism, 187, 192, 194 Manchester School, 189–192 land nationalisation, 142, 143 Manchester Socialist Union, 115 limits of Morris’s internationalism, Manifesto of the Socialist League, The 231, 236 (Morris and Bax), 12, 61, 119, philosophy of history, 26n 185, 202, 204 socialist revival, 54, 129 ‘Manifesto of the Socialist League on Marx, Leo, 152 the Soudan War’, 185 Marxism Mann, Tom, 252 and feminism, 87 Manuel, Frank E., 20 anti-utopianism, 89, 93 Manuel, Fritzie P., 20 critical readings of Morris, 23, 29, ‘Man who Would Be King, The’ 36–38, 42, 254 (Kipling), 79 internationalism, 193–194, 229 Margaret Dunmore; or, A Socialist organic and mechanical metaphor, Home (Clapperton), 91 228 Marmontel, Jean-François, 136 theory of value, 125, 190, 214 Marriage, 52, 61, 66, 69–72, 82, 98n, Maurice, F.D., 61 113, 231 May Day demonstrations, 207, 253, ‘Marriage’ (Caird), 69 268n Married Women’s Property Acts, 61, ‘May Day’ (Morris), 228 74 Mayor of Casterbridge, The (Hardy), Marsh, Annie, 90 154 322 Index

McClintock, Anne, 83, 84, 234 Moltruhn, Maximilian, 223 McGann, Jerome J., 264 Monumental space, 226 ‘Means of Staving Off Revolution’ Morato, Juan José, 199 (Besant), 151 More, Thomas, 19–20 Mechanical determinism, 260 More Excellent Way, A (Howell), 71 Mechanical metaphor, 177n, 228, Moretti, Franco, 63 257, 258, 260–263 Morris, George Pope, 184 Meier, Paul, 29, 36 Morris, Jane, 99n Men and Women’s Club, 59, 69 Morris, Jenny, 83–84 ‘Menshevik myth’, 29 Morris, May, 7, 87–89, 127 Merton Abbey, 124, 172n Morris, William ‘Message of the March Wind, The’ Abensour on, 29–35, 38, 39 (Morris), 228 ‘All for the Cause’ chant, 8, 128 Michel, Louis, 200 on art, 4, 7, 10–12, 67–68, 77, Middlemarch (Eliot), 7 84, 90–91, 134, 136, 149, Midsummer Idylls and Other Poems 162–164, 258–259 (Amott), 111 ‘Art and Labour’, 11 Migration, 124, 224 ‘Art and the People’ lecture, 9 Mill, John Stuart ‘Art of the People, The’ lecture, 10, Chapters on Socialism, 259 162 critical detachment, 4 ‘Art under Plutocracy’ lecture, 4, individual and collective agency, 74 8, 149 Land Tenure Reform Association, ‘Art, Wealth and Riches’ lecture, 122 136 Principles of Political Economy, 194 ‘Belle Iseult, La’ painting, 66 Subjection of Women, The, 74 Beowulf translation, 16, 65 utilitarianism, 235 chants, 9, 16, 128, 228, 264 Millais, John Everett, 183 Chants for Socialists, 8, 264 Miller, Elizabeth Carolyn, 19, 68, 98n, Clara’s Lovers, 67 164, 201, 264 Collected Letters, 83 Millett, Kate, 82 asCommonweal editor, 115, 117, Mills, Herbert V., 141, 174n 133, 195, 201 Millthorpe market garden, 107, 123, ‘Communism’ lecture, 196 124, 126, 127, 130, 166 correspondence, 3, 7, 16, 18, Milton, John, 67 42–43, 57, 67, 83, 94, 116, Mineo, Ady, 52 124, 130–132, 162, 183, 185, Mines Regulation Act, 56 201, 262 Mirror and the Lamp, The (Abrams), ‘Dawn of a New Epoch’ lecture, 258 196 Modernism, 264, 265 ‘Day is Coming’ chant, 8, 128 Modern Socialism (Besant), 115 ‘Death Song, A’, 211 Modern Thought (journal), 54 Index 323

Defence of Guenevere and Other John Ball and land nationalisation, Poems, The, 9, 66 140–151 ‘Depression of Trade, The’ lecture, journalism, 16, 31, 33, 44, 68, 70, 185 77, 132, 185–188, 191, 204, design work, 3, 16, 105, 213, 215, 222, 230, 249, 259 244n, 259, 261, 262, 267 Journal of Travel in Iceland, 1871, Dream of John Ball, A. See Dream of A, 232 John Ball, A. (Morris) ‘Labour Day’, 253 dream-visions, 15–17, 63, 65, 78, lectures, 3, 4, 6, 8–13, 16, 30, 31, 92, 138, 162 44, 91, 94, 115, 117, 119, ‘Early Literature of the North – 120, 130, 132, 136, 147, 149, Iceland’ lecture, 233 158, 162, 164, 184–185, 196, Earthly Paradise, The, 9, 66, 71, 204, 215, 219, 233, 259, 261 108, 193, 198, 216, 257, 260 Life and Death of Jason, The, 9 ‘Eastern Question’ letter, 3 Manifesto of the Socialist League, The, ‘“Eight Hours” and the 12, 61, 119, 185, 202, 204 Demonstration, The’, 253, 254 ‘Manifesto of the Socialist League ‘Emigration and Colonisation’, 230 on the Soudan War’, 185 ‘End and the Means, The’ lecture, ‘May Day’, 228 120 ‘Message of the March Wind, The’, fantasy narratives, 22, 23, 31, 228 79–80, 82 on More’s Utopia, 19, 20 feminist responses, 51, 52, 60–61, News from Nowhere. See News from 63, 94 Nowhere (Morris) Firm, The, 4, 16, 67, 77, 124, 215, Novel on Blue Paper, The, 67 217, 219 Nowhere in translation, 202 Gertha’s Lovers, 66 Odyssey of Homer Done into English ‘Gothic Architecture’ lecture, 12 Verse, The, 16, 160 Heimskringla translation, 16 Old French Romances Done into ‘Henry George’, 143 English, 80 Hopes and Fears for Art, 96 Orchard, The (tapestry), 216 ‘Hopes of Civilization, The’ lecture, ‘Our Country Right or Wrong’ 115, 185, 219 lecture, 184 House of the Wolfngs, The, 73, 79, Pilgrims of Hope, The, 15, 61, 62, 230 185, 213, 249 ‘How I Became a Socialist’, 135, Poems by the Way, 8, 216, 233 228 ‘Policy of Abstention, The’, 44 ‘How We Live and How We Might ‘Policy of the Socialist League, The’, Live’ lecture, 31, 191, 197 197, 204 Iceland, 213, 230, 232, 233 ‘Prospects of Architecture in ‘Iceland First Seen’, 233 Civilization, The’ lecture, 261 ‘Impressions of the Paris Congress’, ‘Revival of Handicraft, The’ lecture, 58, 199 10 324 Index

Roots of the Mountains, The, 79, 258 ‘Whigs, Democrats and Socialists’ Socialism from the Root Up, 93, 124, lecture, 44, 147 214, 258 ‘Why I Am a Communist’, 117 Socialism: Its Growth and Outcome, Williams on, 29–31, 37, 218 257 Wood Beyond the World, The, 79–81, ‘Socialists at Play’, 128, 212 84 ‘Society of the Future, The’ lecture, Morris and Co., 4, 16, 67, 77, 124, 12, 117 215–217, 262 ‘Some Hints on Pattern Designing’ ‘Morrow of the Revolution, The’ lecture, 259, 261 (Lafargue), 159, 268n ‘Story of an Unknown Church, Morton, Arthur Leslie, 17, 29, 37 The’, 87 Motherhood, 53, 58, 59, 63, 64 Story of Sigurd the Volsung and the Mowbray, Charles, 48n, 194 Fall of the Niblungs, The, 9, 66, Moylan, Tom, 32, 33, 36 128, 231 Mrs. Warren’s Profession (Shaw), 53 Story of the Glittering Plain, The, 80 Muir, John, 129 Sundering Flood, The, 81, 82 Mulhern, Francis, 24n, 217 Tables Turned; or, Nupkins Myers, Frederic, 51, 62 Awakened, The, 120, 212 Thompson on, 18–21, 29–37, 45n, 92–94, 109, 139, 166, N 234–236, 266–267 Napoleon I, 212 ‘True and False Society’, 13, 91 Napoleon III, 183 twentieth-century critical readings, Narrative utopia, 17, 93, 120, 165 29–44, 51–53, 92–95, 137– Narrative voice, 92 139, 266–267 Nation ‘Under an Elm-Tree; or, Thoughts cosmopolitanism, 191–197 in the Country-side’, 105, 148, imperialism and empire, 190, 194, 149, 151 210, 217, 219, 223, 232 Unjust War: To the Workingmen of internationalism, 186, 201–206, England, 183 208, 235, 237 ‘Useful Work versus Useless Toil’ ‘Nationalisation of the Land, The’ lecture, 31, 86, 147, 158, 164 (Delver), 142 ‘Verses for Pictures’, 216 ‘Nationalisation of the Land, The’ ‘Voice of Toil, The’ chant, 128 (Jones), 142 ‘Wake, London Lads’, 183 Nationalisation of the Land in 1775 Water of the Wondrous Isles, The, 79, and 1882, The (Spence), 143 80, 82 Nationalism, 201, 216 Well at the World’s End, The, 79–81 National Review, 201, 216 ‘What Socialists Want’, 42, 43 National Society for Women’s Suffrage ‘Whigs Astray’, 148 (NSWS), 57, 62 Nation-as-garden, 217 Index 325

Nation-state, 190, 201, 202, 204, 118, 120–122, 124, 128–130, 205, 211, 221, 226, 229 135–140, 147, 152 Natural difference, 52 realism and romance, 64, 68–73, Natural environment, 105, 108, 136, 79, 99n 153, 157 in translation, 197–208 ‘Nature of Gothic, The’ (Ruskin), 7 twentieth-century critical read- Nauvoo colony, Illinois, 114 ings, 31, 33–35, 37–41, 46n, Nelson’s Column, 211, 212, 217, 226 47n, 51–53, 93–94, 137–139, Neue Zeit, Die (newspaper), 202 266–267 New Budget, The (magazine), 215 utopian appropriations of pastoral, New cosmopolitanism, 195, 196 153–157, 159, 161–165 New Harmony, Indiana, 115 Victorian socialist-feminism, 57–60, New imperialism, 21, 182, 226, 231 62, 63, 95n5 New Lanark, 90, 115, 252 Newton, R. Heber, 39 New Left Review, 217, 218 New Woman writers New Nation, 110 individual and collective agency, 74, New Review, 72 75 News from Nowhere (Morris) origins of Morris’s utopianism, 22, colonialist limits of Morris’s interna- 52, 53 tionalism, 229, 233, 234, 236 realism and romance, 64, 69–71 cosmopolitanism, 193, 195, 196, Victorian socialist-feminism, 54, 55, 221 58, 63, 100n counter-hegemony, 219–223, 226 Nicoll, David, 76, 186 eight-hour day, 252–255 Nield, Keith, 125 female domestic economy, 84–92 Nieuwenhuis, Ferdinand Domela, 201 feminist responses, 51–53, 61, 94 Nineteenth Century (periodical), 67, imperialism and empire, 181–182, 151 185–188, 191 Non-alienated labour, 110, 138, 159, individual and collective agency, 15, 164, 216, 250 75–77, 79, 82 Nordau, Max, 172n internationalism, 208–212, 214, Norse literature, 65, 193, 232 217, 226 Nostalgia, 11, 12, 18, 114, 132, 145, John Ball and land nationalisation, 152, 157, 258, 265–266 141, 144, 149, 151, 157 Novelistic realism, 22, 64, 65, 68, news, 249–250 70–73, 77 organic and mechanical metaphor, Novel on Blue Paper, The (Morris), 67 258, 265, 266 Novels origins of Morris’s utopianism, frst-wave feminism, 54, 59, 62–64, 14–19, 23, 27n, 40, 43–44 80, 82, 96n, 100n pastoral structure of feeling, 107, individual and collective agency, 74, 108, 110–111, 113, 114, 75, 77, 78, 80 positivist novel, 7 326 Index

print culture, 19, 27n Old World Idylls and Other Verses realism and romance, 64–72, 77–79, (Dobson), 111 99n, 181 Olivier, Sydney, 126 utopian appropriations of pastoral, On Heroes, Hero-Worship and the 110, 153–154 Heroic in History (Carlyle), 232 Nowhere (Morris). See News from ‘On the Dordogne’ (Ruskin), 136 Nowhere (Morris) ‘Opening of the Indian and Colonial No-where Exhibition by the Queen, 1886’ critical readings of Nowhere, 31, 33, (Tennyson), 188 40, 46n Orchard, The (tapestry) (Morris), 216 embodied praxis, 121 Organic determinism, 261 and now-here, 14, 18, 19, 21, 44, Organicism, 210, 217, 227–228, 236, 53, 92, 114, 249–250, 267 257–264 pastoral structure of feeling, 114, Organic metaphor, 217, 227–228, 121, 129 236, 258, 259, 261, 264, 265 utopian appropriations of pastoral, Orwell, George, 89 155, 157, 165 O’Sullivan, Patrick, 129 Now-here Other Side at the Battle of Dorking, The and no-where, 14, 18, 19, 21, 53, (Moltruhn), 223 92, 114, 157, 165, 249–250, Otium (retirement), 105, 137, 138, 267 158, 159, 163 critical readings of Nowhere, 31, 33, Ottesen, Elise, 199 38, 40, 44, 49, 129, 249 ‘Ouida’ (Maria Louise Ramé), 54 female domestic economy in ‘Our Country Right or Wrong’ Nowhere, 84 (Morris), 184 gender politics, 58 Outlooks from the New Standpoint land nationalisation, 145, 152 (Bax), 89 pastoral structure of feeling, 114, Owen, Robert, 90, 93, 115, 116, 123, 118, 122 124, 240n, 252 utopian appropriations of pastoral, Owenite communes, 114, 115, 126, 155, 157, 165 141 Noyes, Alfred, 111 Oxford and Cambridge Magazine, 66, NSWS. See National Society for 87 Women’s Suffrage O’Connor, Feargus, 123 O’Connorville, Hertfordshire, 123

O Oceana; or, England and Her Colonies P (Froude), 227 ‘Palace of Art, The’ (Tennyson), 10, Odyssey (Homer), 16, 159, 161 161, 162 The (Morris), 16, 160 Pall Mall Gazette, 110, 165, 220 Old French Romances Done into Panebianco, Ruggero, 199 English (Morris), 80 Pankhurst, Sylvia, 57 Index 327

Paradise Lost (Milton), 67 Periodical press, 19, 54, 64, 85, 110, Paris Commune 111, 114, 201, 264 collaborative agency, 9, 15–16 Persuasion (Austen), 63 counter-hegemony, 219, 223 ‘Peterloo’, St. Peter’s Fields, internationalism, 200, 213–216, Manchester, 91 226 Pickles, Fred, 262 Morris’s international contacts, 200 Picture of Dorian Gray, The (Wilde), pleasurable labour, 251 7, 68 Paris Congress, 58, 199, 200, 259 Pilgrims of Hope, The (Morris), 15, 61, Past and Present (Carlyle), 78, 227 185, 213, 249 Pastoral Pit-brow women, 55, 56 as literary genre, 108, 109, 140 Place Vendôme, 212, 214–215 defnition, 108 Plato, 40, 159 origins of Morris’s utopianism, 22 Pleasurable labour, 110, 155–156, Pastoral poetry, 133, 140, 155 158–160, 163, 250, 251, 256 Pastoral retreat, 21, 37, 107, 109, Plotz, John, 65, 79 113, 120–130, 165, 166 Poems (Tennyson), 110 Pastoral structure of feeling Poems and Ballads (Swinburne), 7 Carpenter and Millthorpe, 123–132 Poems and Idylls (Cullen), 111 idyll, arcadia and strategy, 110–123 Poems by the Way (Morris), 8, 216, John Ball and land nationalisation, 233 140–152 ‘Poems by William Morris’ (Pater), 9 overview, 105–110 Polak, Henri, 199 Ruskin and Totley, 133–140 ‘Policy of Abstention, The’ (Morris), utopian appropriations of pastoral, 44 153–166 ‘Policy of the Socialist League, The’ Pastoral utopianism, 123, 127, 131, (Morris), 197, 204 132 Politics Pater, Walter anti-imperialism and internation- aesthetic autonomy, 9, 10, 267 alism, 182–184, 191, 193, ‘Poems by William Morris’, 9 196–197, 199–201, 204–205, Studies in the History of the 219, 226, 228, 234–236 Renaissance, 9, 84 anti-politics, 18–19, 21, 43–44, 139 Paterson, Emma, 54 art, 7–8, 16, 68, 163–165, 264–265 Patriarchy, 52, 80–82 cosmopolitanism, 191–197 Pattern designs, 213, 259, 261–263 critical detachment, 5–7, 24n, 193 Patterson, Annabel, 108 critical readings of Nowhere, 29–31, Pearson, Karl, 59 33–44, 51–53, 92–95, 111, ‘Peasant Proprietorship’ (Marshall), 137–139, 235–236, 265–267 151 female domestic economy, 84–86, Peasants’ Revolt, 144, 148, 176n 94 People’s Paper, The, 142 frst-wave feminism, 54, 56–59, Pepper, David, 129 62–63, 66–67, 69, 74, 75 328 Index

land reform, 140–146 Principles of Political Economy (Mill), origins of Morris’s utopianism, 16, 194 17, 22–23, 254–255 Print culture, 19, 181, 182, 218, 222, pastoral structure of feeling, 105– 226, 264 109, 114, 115, 118–124, 126, Production of Space, The (Lefebvre), 128–129, 131, 132, 137–139, 226 162, 165–166 Progress (journal), 69 political agency, 3, 6, 9, 10, 12–15, Progress and Poverty (George), 143 264 Propaganda political organisation, 9, 77, 221 aesthetic autonomy, 8 Thomas More’s Utopia, 21, 27n anti-imperialism and international- utopian appropriations of pastoral, ism, 181, 182, 187–189 158, 159 embodied praxis, 3–4, 121, 131, Politics of disengagement, 109, 137, 193, 204, 210, 220, 221 139 land nationalisation, 142–144, Popova, Lyubov, 262 147–148, 151 Popular culture, 14, 181, 184, Morris on poetry, 16 218–219, 222, 226 News from Nowhere, 16, 18–20, 30, Positivism, 7, 184, 185, 214, 216, 219 33, 36, 38–40, 70–71, 92, 94, Posteritas, 223, 224 118, 122, 137, 139, 144, 152, Poulot, Denis, 251 187, 210, 249, 250, 255, 259, Právo Lidu (the Right of the People), 264–267 200 pastoral structure of feeling, 107, Praxis 116, 119, 128, 131, 152 and determinism, 260, 261 Socialist League, 39, 76, 120, 137, anti-imperialism, 226 145, 236, 250, 254 critical detachment, 4–6, 9, 236 Property rights, 55, 57, 61, 66, 73, pastoral retreat, 125, 133 74, 79, 84, 88, 142–144, 147, propagandist and exemplary, 128, 151, 235, 252 165, 254, 267 ‘Prospects of Architecture in Prefguration, 22, 30, 41, 46n, 52, Civilization, The’ (Morris), 261 89–90, 92, 95, 107, 118–122, Psychology of Jingoism, The (Hobson), 124, 126, 132, 165, 266 181 Pre-Raphaelite movement, 7, 8, 172n, Puchner, Martin, 205 197 Puget Sound, Washington, 116 Price, Cormell, 162 Punch, 70 Princess Casamassima, The (James), Purleigh commune, Essex, 118, 121, 224 126 Principle of Hope, The (Bloch), 39, 97n, 172n, 177n Index 329

Q ‘Revival of Handicraft, The’ (Morris), Question of Women Workers and 10 Women at the Present Time, The Revolutionary politics (Zetkin), 58 art, 164 Quest-narratives, 79–82 criticism of, 4, 5, 111, 162, 197 contemporary relevance, 250, 255–256 R feminism, 52, 53, 61 Radicalism, 22, 143, 146–148, 150, internationalism, 182, 185, 197, 189, 190, 199, 222, 259 198, 204–205, 214 Radical Programme (Chamberlain), labour, 159 150 land nationalisation, 147 Ralahine commune, Ireland, 114 modernism, 264, 265 Ramé, Maria Louise (‘Ouida’), 54 Morris’s, 4, 29, 37, 91, 107, 127, Rappite Harmony Society, Pittsburgh, 164, 165, 217, 259, 264–265 115 News from Nowhere, 35, 39, 90, Rational Dress Society, 60 118, 130, 151, 157, 205, 207, Readership, 18–20, 32–35, 41, 44, 65, 208, 212, 226, 243n, 254 79, 90, 93, 121, 128, 137, 139, pastoral, 157 151, 165, 191, 207, 230, 234 Ruskin, 133–134 Realism utopia, 20, 38–39 and romance, 64–73, 78–79 Revue Icarienne, 114 cosmopolitan ethics, 195 Richard, Henry, 192 critical readings, 4, 38 Richards, Thomas, 187 gender politics, 52, 64, 79 Richardson, Angelique, 59 individual and collective agency, 77, River Paraguay, 112 78 Robbins, Bruce, 89, 196 novelistic realism, 22, 64, 65, Roberts, Mary, 68 70–73, 77 Robinson, Ralph, 19 ‘“Real Lady” Servants’ (May Morris), Rodchenko, Alexander, 262 87 Romance genre Reformism, 37, 91, 114, 196, 198, and realism, 53, 64–73, 78, 79 207, 254 anti-urbanism, 131, 155 Religion of Socialism, The (Bax), 186 counter-hegemony in literary cul- Rendall, Jane, 61 ture, 22, 182, 185, 220–222, Reorganisation of Our Military Forces, 225, 226 The (Colomb), 222 critical readings of Nowhere, 21, 34, Representation, 53, 58, 61, 64, 35, 51, 89, 108, 110–112, 114 66–69, 73, 77, 79, 82, 87, 121, gender politics, 79–82, 84, 88, 94 126, 157, 210, 213, 216, 219, imperialism, 181, 182, 210, 217, 259, 266 220–222, 230, 246n Republic (Plato), 40 330 Index

individual and collective agency, 53, Lectures on Architecture and 78, 79, 127 Painting, 133 internationalism, 197–198, 205– limits of Morris’s internationalism, 206, 208, 210–217 230–232, 235–236 origins of Morris’s utopianism, 14, mechanical metaphor, 262 16, 21–23, 44 ‘Nature of Gothic, The’, 7 pastoral, 139, 144 pastoral structure of feeling, 107, propaganda, 18, 19, 21, 23, 39, 57, 110, 118, 119, 137, 139–140, 87, 94, 118, 145, 148, 164, 182, 173n 189, 198, 223, 225, 249, 255 Sesame and Lilies, 44, 216 romance revival, 21, 23, 79, 83, social criticism, 11–12, 61 167, 181, 210, 217, 220–223, Stones of Venice, The, 7 226, 230 Totley, 107, 118, 119, 133–137, Romanticism 170n anti-capitalism, 78 Unto this Last, 133, 231 communes, 115 utopian appropriations of pastoral, feminism, 52 153, 163 imperialism, 211, 226–227, Russia Under the Tsars (Stepniak), 200 234–236 organic and mechanical metaphor, 258–264, 265–267 S Roots of the Mountains, The (Morris), Saga literature, 128, 193, 232 79, 258 Said, Edward, 182, 229, 236–237 Rosebery, Lord, 222 St. George’s Farm, Totley, 107, 118, Ross, Kristin, 43, 251, 252 119, 126, 131–134 Rossetti, Dante Gabriel, 99n, 183, 266 St. James’s Gazette, 7, 68 Rowbotham, Sheila, 125 St. Peter’s Fields (‘Peterloo’), Rowley, Charles, 221 Manchester, 91 Rubery, Matthew, 19 Saintsbury, George, 78 Rural life, 119, 133, 140, 153, 157 Saint-Simon, Henri de, 42, 93, 124, ‘Ruskin as a Revolutionary Preacher’ 265 (Shore), 133 Sakai, Toshihiko, 199 Ruskin, John Salmon, Edward, 220, 221 art and ethics, 7, 67 Salmon, Nicholas, 264 attendance at Morris lectures, 3 Salt, Henry, 126, 128 class, 174n, 183, 262 Salvation Army, 122 counter-hegemony in literary cul- Sartor Resartus (Carlyle), 231 ture, 226 Sayre, Robert, 78, 236 ‘Fiction, Fair and Foul’, 67 ‘Scaring the Capitalists’ (‘D’), 15 Fors Clavigera, 133–137, 140, 183, Scharlieb, Mary, 59 215 Scheu, Andreas, 200 internationalism, 210, 215–217 ‘Scholar-Gypsy, The’ (Arnold), 111 John Ball and land nationalisation, Schreiner, Olive 140–141 anti-imperialism, 234 Index 331

Dreams, 65 Short History of the Paris Commune, A gender politics, 52–54, 80 (Bax), 214 Morris’s network, 68–69 Showalter, Elaine, 54, 64, 79 origins of Morris’s utopianism, 21 Siege of London, The (Posteritas), 223 Story of an African Farm, The, 65, Simcox, Edith 69, 74–76 Episodes in the Lives of Men, Women Schur, Owen, 137, 160 and Lovers, 64 Science fction, 32, 220 Victorian socialist-feminism, 54, Scienza Nuova (Vico), 26n 57, 64 Scottish Land and Labour League ‘Simplifcation of Life’ (Carpenter), (SLLL), 141 125 Scottish Land Restoration League, Situated cosmopolitanism, 22, 191, 142 195, 196 ‘Scottish Notes’ (Glasier), 142 Smith, Adam, 190 Scott, Walter, 78 Snigs End, Gloucestershire, 123 ‘Scramble for Africa’, 184, 185 Social Democratic Federation (SDF) SDF. See Social Democratic Federation anti-imperialism, 235 Second Armada, The (anonymous), frst-wave feminism, 51, 54, 88 223 Justice newspaper, 8, 178n Second International, 193, 199, 201, labour, 252, 253 204–206, 208, 232, 235, 255, Morris’s network, 3, 14, 114, 115, 259 130, 143, 189 Seed-Time (journal), 62, 110, 126 ‘Social Experiments’ (Unwin), 115 Seeley, J.R., 181, 221, 222, 226 Socialism Selborne League, 122 anti-imperialism, 22, 182–186, 189, Selborne Society for the Preservation 208, 234–235 of Birds, Plants and Pleasant Christian socialism, 61, 62 Places, 122 co-operation, 91 ‘Selfsh Giant, The’ (Wilde), 73 cosmopolitanism, 193–194 ‘Separate spheres’ ideology, 52, 84, 85 counter-hegemony in literary cul- Sesame and Lilies (Ruskin), 44, 216 ture, 219, 226 Sexuality critical readings of Nowhere, 34–38, gender politics, 14, 22, 52, 53, 56, 41, 43, 46n 80–82, 84–85 eco-socialism, 129–130 homosexuality, 99n, 131 eight-hour day, 252–254 libertarianism, 59, 61, 62, 82 feminist responses to Nowhere, Shaker communities, 115 51–54, 61, 64, 86 Sharman, William, 190 individual and collective agency, 15, Shaw, George Bernard, 53, 61, 68, 78 73, 77, 82 She (Haggard), 79 internationalism, 203, 225 Shore, Thomas, 133, 186 John Ball and land nationalisation, Short History of the English People, A 140–143, 145, 147, 148 (Green), 148 limits of Morris’s internationalism, 236, 249 332 Index

Morris’s socialist activism, 4, 6–10, pastoral structure of feeling, 107, 12, 29, 56–58, 77, 94, 117, 114, 116, 119, 123, 130, 133, 122, 128, 129, 131, 133, 161, 139, 141, 165 188, 199–200, 217, 234, 249, Victorian socialist-feminism, 56–58, 255, 258, 265–266 61, 76, 92 Nowhere in translation, 197–208 Socialist Revolution of 1888, The (‘An organic and mechanical metaphor, Eye-witness’), 223–224 228, 230, 259–262 ‘Socialists at Play’ (Morris), 128, 212 origins of Morris’s utopianism, 13, Social Politics (Rowley), 221 15, 21, 22 Social reform, 4, 135, 137, 140, 207 pastoral structure of feeling, 109, Social revolution 110, 116, 124–126, 166–167 critical readings of Nowhere, 29, socialist revival, 19, 54, 74, 122, 37–39, 264–265 140, 143, 184 individual and collective agency, 76, utopian and scientifc, 38–39, 42, 79, 130, 256 93, 174n internationalism, 197, 207–208, Victorian socialist-feminism, 51–58, 217 60, 74, 76, 82, 87 Nowhere in translation, 198 ‘Socialism and Ecology’ (Williams), organic metaphor, 228, 259 166 pastoral structure of feeling, 27n, Socialisme Utopique et Socialisme 107, 111, 118, 120, 127, 130, Scientifque (Engels), 42, 93 134 Socialism: Its Growth and Outcome utopian appropriations of pastoral, (Morris and Bax), 257 157, 159, 164–166 Socialism Made Plain (SDF), 252 Victorian socialist feminism, 53, 61 Socialism from the Root Up (Morris Society for Checking the Abuses of and Bax), 93, 124, 214, 258 Public Advertising, 3 Socialist Co-operative Federation, 90 ‘Society of the Future, The’ (Morris), Socialist feminism, 55, 80, 82, 92 12, 117 Socialist internationalism, 22, 182, Society for the Protection of Ancient 191, 195, 196, 198–201, 203, Buildings, 3, 16, 78 204, 208, 215, 230, 234, 236 Society for Psychical Research, 51 Socialist League Society of Women Employed in anti-imperialism, 185, 210 Bookbinding, 54 Commonweal, 5, 15, 114, 133, 250 ‘Solidarity of Labour’ cartoon (Crane), critical readings of Nowhere, 35, 41 208 eight-hour day, 252–254 ‘Some Hints of Pattern Designing’ internationalism, 197, 199, 201, (Morris), 259, 261 204, 213 Somerset, Lady Henry, 85 land nationalisation, 141 ‘Soul of Man under Socialism, The’ Manifesto, 12, 36, 119, 202, 204 (Wilde), 6, 73, 159 Morris’s network, 3, 7, 14–15, 68, Southey, Robert, 112, 234 236 Sparling, Henry Halliday, 18, 248n Index 333

Spectator, The, 112, 135 T Spencer, Herbert, 183 Tables Turned; or, Nupkins Awakened, Spence, Thomas, 123, 143 The (Morris), 120, 212 Spiral metaphor, 12, 26n, 113 Taking of Dover, The (Lester), 223 Spiritual reform, 62, 66 Tale of Two Cities, A (Dickens), 214 Standard, The, 261 Taste, 163, 164, 188 Stanley, H.M., 185, 186 Taylor, Helen, 57, 143 Staples, R. Ponsonby, 215 Teleky, Count Samuel, 185 Steer, Philip, 204 Tennyson, Alfred Stepniak, Sergius ‘Choric Song’, 161, 179n Russia Under the Tsars, 200 imperialism, 183 Underground Russia, 200 ‘Lotos-Eaters, The’, 158–161, Stevenson, Robert Louis, 77 163–164 Stoddart, Judith, 216 ‘Opening of the Indian and Colonial Stone, John, 223 Exhibition by the Queen, Stones of Venice, The (Ruskin), 7 1886’, 188 Stopes, Charlotte, 60–63, 65, 66, 77 ‘Palace of Art, The’, 10, 161, 162 Stopes, Marie, 60 pastoral, 22, 111, 165 Story of an African Farm, The Poems, 110 (Schreiner), 65, 69, 74 Tess of the D’Urbervilles (Hardy), 154 Story of the Glittering Plain, The Theocritus (Morris), 80 Idylls, 109, 137, 153 Story of Sigurd the Volsung and the Fall pastoral structure of feeling, 109 of the Niblungs, The (Morris), 9, Thompson, Edward Palmer 66, 128, 231 anti-imperialism, 234–235 ‘Story of an Unknown Church, The’ critical readings of Nowhere, 18–21, (Morris), 87 29–37, 45n, 92–94, 109, 139, Studies in the History of the Renaissance 166, 266–267 (Pater), 9, 84 individual and collective agency, 13 Sturt, George, 119, 131, 146 Morris’s network, 189 Subjection of Women, The (Mill), 74 on Morris and Ruskin, 134 Sublime, Le (Poulot), 251 organic and mechanical metaphor, Suffrage, 57, 60 260, 265–266 Sundering Flood, The (Morris), 81, 82 pastoral utopia, 36, 109, 138 Superfuous Woman, A (Brooke), 74 William Morris (biography), 17–18, Susquehanna River, 112 30, 234–236 Sussman, Herbert L., 172n, 257 Thompson, Paul, 220 Swinburne, Algernon Charles, 7–10, Thoreau, Henry David 214 pastoral utopia, 110, 123, 125, 126, Sypher, Eileen, 51, 52, 60 128, 129, 131, 152 Systemic utopianism, 32, 39, 46n 334 Index

Walden, 42, 124, 125, 131, 153, Under the Greenwood Tree (Hardy), 200 153 Thornycroft, Hamo, 212 Underground Russia (Stepniak), 200 Time Machine, The (Wells), 120 Unemployment, 256 To-day (journal), 4, 7, 40, 225 Unjust War:To the Workingmen of Tolstoy, Leo, 110, 127 England (Morris), 183 Tooley, Sarah, 85 Unto this Last (Ruskin), 133, 231 Topolobampo, Mexico, 116 Unwin, Raymond, 115, 116, 119 Totley agrarian experiment. See St. Upholsteresses’ Union, 54 George’s Farm ‘Useful Work versus Useless Toil’ Towards 2000 (Williams), 166 (Morris), 31, 86, 147, 158, 164 Towards Democracy (Carpenter), 124, Utilitarianism, 235, 265, 266 128 Utopia (More), 19, 20 Tractarian Movement, 4 Utopian colonies/communities, 11, Trades’ Union Congress, 54, 252 107, 109, 113–115, 117–119, Trade union movement, 252, 254, 121–126, 134, 135, 139, 141, 255 165, 166, 169n Trafalgar Square Utopianism Bloody Sunday, 211, 259 administration of things, 42 counter-hegemony in literary cul- aesthetic autonomy, 5–6, 10, 84 ture, 219, 221, 224–226, 228 agency, 13–14 internationalism, 22, 208, 210–217 anti-utopianism, 83, 89, 93, 117, Transcendent utopias, 38, 39 124, 196 Translations of Nowhere, 200 change and stasis, 73, 162, 256– Triangulation of desire, 99n 258, 260, 262 Trilling, Lionel, 46n critical readings of Nowhere, 19, ‘True and False Society’ (Morris), 13, 29–41, 44, 137–141, 250–251, 91 265–267 ‘True Function and Value of Criticism, ‘fatness’, 65, 163 The’ (Wilde), 5–6, 24n, 192 gender politics, 51–54, 59–62, 64, Tucker, Herbert F., 9 65, 76, 84, 89, 94, 97n Työväen Kustannusosakeyhtiö heuristic, 17–23, 32, 34, 39, 46n, (Workers’ Publishing Company), 76, 78, 92, 109, 137, 139, 200 166, 226, 250 immanent and transcendent, 38, 39, 249 U internationalism and anti-impe- Ugliness, 132, 134, 164 rialism, 182, 183, 187–188, Unconscious, 83 191, 197–199, 204, 206–208, ‘Under an Elm-Tree; or Thoughts in 210, 214, 216, 219–221, 223, the Country-side’ (Morris), 105, 225–226, 236 148, 149, 151 Index 335

pastoral structure of feeling, 107– pastoral structure of feeling, 137, 113, 115, 119, 122, 123, 125, 139, 160 127–129, 133, 135, 139–141, ‘Voice of Toil, The’ (Morris), 128 152, 165–166 Voyage en Icarie (Cabet), 114 satire, 27n, 44 systemic, 32, 39, 46n utopian appropriations of pastoral, W 153–155, 157, 160, 162–163 ‘Wake, London Lads’ (Morris), 183 Utopian pastoralism, 123, 127, 131, Walden (Thoreau), 42, 124, 131, 152, 132 200 Utopian romance genre Walkden, C., 155 critical readings, 31, 34, 39, 51, 89, Walker Greenbank PLC, 262 139 Walkowitz, Daniel J., 210 gender politics, 51, 57, 59, 66, 68, Wallace, Alfred Russel, 140, 147 69, 81, 84, 87 Wallpapers, 262 internationalism and anti-imperial- Walthers, H.B., 232 ism, 185, 197–198, 206, 208, Wardle, George, 124 210, 214, 216, 220–221 Water of the Wondrous Isles, The pastoral structure of feeling, 108– (Morris), 79, 80, 82 112, 114, 118, 139, 155 Waters, Chris, 14, 264 propaganda, 23, 39, 44, 94–95, Watson, George, 44 118, 122, 139–140, 221, Watson, Henry Crocker Marriot, 225 225–226, 250, 255, 264 Watts, G.F., 183 Utopian socialism, 38, 117, 265 Wealth of Nations, The (Smith), 190 Webb, Philip, 105 Weeks, Jeffrey, 85 V Wegner, Phillip E., 11, 12, 204 Vandeleur, John, 114 Weinroth, Michelle, 23n, 109, Van der Goes, Frank, 199 137–140 Vaninskaya, Anna, 14, 26n Welfarism, 196 Vendôme Column, 212, 214, 215, Well at the World’s End, The (Morris), 219 79, 81 Verisimilitude, 77, 78, 153 Wells, H.G., 120, 197 ‘Verses for Pictures’ (Morris), 216 ‘We Sit Starving Amidst our Gold’ Vico, Giambattista, 26n (Deller), 25n Victorian print culture, 19, 181, 222, Wessex novels (Hardy), 110, 153, 154 226, 264 Westminster Review, 9, 69 Victoria, Queen, 187 What Happened After the Battle of Villette (Brontë), 63 Dorking (Stone), 223 Virgil ‘What Socialists Want’ (Morris), 42, Eclogues, 137, 153, 158 43 Georgics, 137, 158 ‘Whigs Astray’ (Morris), 148 internationalism, 193 336 Index

‘Whigs, Democrats and Socialists’ pastoral structure of feeling, 107, (Morris), 147 112, 166 ‘White-Thorn Blossom, The’ (Ruskin), ‘Socialism and Ecology’, 166 135 Towards 2000, 166 Whiteway commune, Gloucestershire, utopian appropriations of pastoral, 118, 121, 126 155, 157 ‘Why I Am a Communist’ (Morris), Willis, Jennie, 90 117 Wing of Azrael, The (Caird), 71, 74 Wiener, Martin J., 108, 162 Woman and Socialism (Bebel), 57, 58, Wilde, Oscar 69, 75, 82, 85 aesthetic autonomy, 5–7, 9, 10 Woman in the Past, Present and Future cosmopolitanism, 192, 197, 240n (Bebel), 200, 232 critical detachment, 5 Woman of No Importance, A (Wilde), Happy Prince and Other Tales, The, 53 73 ‘Woman question’, 22, 37, 51–52, 60, House of Pomegranates, A, 73 84–85, 87, 140 internationalism, 214 Woman’s Freedom League, 59 labour, 158–160, 178n, 251 Woman’s Signal, The, 85 Nowhere in translation, 197 Women’s Herald, 60 Picture of Dorian Gray, The, 7, 68 Woman Who Did, The (Allen), 59 realism and romance, 68, 73 Women’s movement, 55, 57, 58, 60, ‘Selfsh Giant, The’, 73 61, 63, 76 ‘Soul of Man under Socialism, The’, Women’s Penny Paper, 60 6, 73, 159 Women’s Protective and Providence trial, 131 League (WPPL), 54, 56, 62, 66 ‘True Function and Value of Women’s rights Criticism, The’, 5, 192 ‘advanced’ women, 57, 58 Woman of No Importance, A, 53 emancipation of women, 55–58, 65, William Blake (Swinburne), 7 75–76 William Morris (Thompson), 17–18, female domestic economy in 30, 234–236 Nowhere, 83–94 ‘William Morris and his School’ female labour, 55–57, 60, 63, 64, (Chesterton), 65 86 William Morris: A Vindication individual and collective agency, (Arnot), 29 74–77 William Morris Society, 30 realism and romance, 64–73, 77–82 Williams, Jack, 145 suffrage, 57, 58, 60 Williams, Raymond Victorian socialist-feminism, 54–64 Country and the City, The, 112 Women’s Union Journal, 55 Culture and Society, 37, 218, 270n Wood Beyond the World, The (Morris), internationalism, 210, 217, 218 79–81, 84 on Morris, 18, 29–31, 37, 217, 219 Wood, Ellen Meiksins, 141 Index 337

Wordsworth, William, 108 Y Workmen’s Neutrality Demonstration, Yorkshire Fabian Federation, 112, 183 114, 119 Working class, 24n, 58, 174n, 193, Young, Frederick, 221 199, 201, 207, 208, 216–219, Young, Paul, 188 221, 252 World citizenship, 192 Wormell, Deborah, 221 Z WPPL. See Women’s Protective and Zetkin, Clara, 57, 58 Providence League Zipes, Jack, 73 Wright, Julia, 192, 194 Wyndham, George, 226