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Filmografía De Arthur C. Clarke 12 University of South Florida Scholar Commons Digital Collection - Science Fiction & Fantasy Digital Collection - Science Fiction & Fantasy Publications 4-1-2008 Qubit 33 Cubit Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/scifistud_pub Part of the Fiction Commons Scholar Commons Citation Cubit, "Qubit 33 " (2008). Digital Collection - Science Fiction & Fantasy Publications. Paper 33. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/scifistud_pub/33 This Journal is brought to you for free and open access by the Digital Collection - Science Fiction & Fantasy at Scholar Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Digital Collection - Science Fiction & Fantasy Publications by an authorized administrator of Scholar Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. 2 Índice: 1. Murió Arthur C. Clarke, maestro de la Ciencia ficción. 2. Arthur C. Clarke. Wikipedia, la enciclopedia libre. 3. La estrella. Arthur C. Clarke 4. El centinela. Arthur C. Clarke 5. Entrevista a Sir Arthur C. Clarke: “La Humanidad sobrevivirá a la avalancha de información” por Nalaka Gunawardene 6. La última orden. Arthur C. Clarke 7. Crimen en Marte. Arthur C. Clarke 8. Frases célebres de Arthur C. Clarke 9. Que te vaya bien mi clon. Obituario a Arthur C. Clarke. Por H2blog. 10. Los nueve mil millones de nombres de Dios. Arthur C. Clarke 11. Sección cine: Filmografía de Arthur C. Clarke 12. Historia del cine ciberpunk. 1993. New Dominion Tank Police. 8 Man Alter. Guyver 2. Robocop 3. Para descargar números anteriores de Qubit, visitar http://www.eldiletante.co.nr Para subscribirte a la revista, escribir a [email protected] 3 MURIÓ ARTHUR C. CLARKE, MAESTRO DE LA CIENCIA FICCIÓN Publicado el 21 Marzo 08 El martes 18, falleció Arthur C. Clarke. Autor del relato El centinela, que sirvió de base para el guión-novela que Stanley Kubrick llevaría al cine como 2001: Odisea del Espacio. Científico, sentó las bases para las órbitas geoestacionarias (órbita Clarke en su honor) de los satélites; en los 1960 fue comentarista para la CBS de las misiones Apolo que llevaron al hombre a la Luna en 1969. Nota de La Nación (Argentina) COLOMBO, Sri Lanka, 19/mar/08.- El escritor británico Arthur C. Clarke, cuya obra hizo aportes tanto a la ciencia ficción como a los descubrimientos científicos, falleció ayer, a los 90 años, en un hospital de la capital de Sri Lanka, donde residía desde 1956. En los últimos tres meses, Clarke había sido hospitalizado en varias ocasiones debido a insuficiencias respiratorias. Entre los más de 90 libros que escribió en su prolífica carrera literaria, Clarke -que había recibido el título de caballero inglés en 2000- es autor de “El centinela”, el relato que Stanley Kubrick llevó al cine como 2001: Odisea del espacio . Además, Clarke fue matemático y físico, sentó las bases de los satélites en órbitas geoestacionarias como centros de telecomunicaciones y se desempeñó como comentarista televisivo de las misiones Apolo a la Luna. Clarke nació el 16 de diciembre de 1917 en Somerset, Inglaterra, y fue desde niño un aficionado a la astronomía. Su familia se mudó a Londres en 1936 y Clarke se unió enseguida a la Sociedad Interplanetaria Británica -que presidió durante dos períodos años más tarde y cuya sede central terminó instalada en su casa- y comenzó a escribir ciencia ficción. 4 Durante la Segunda Guerra Mundial, Clarke sirvió en la fuerza aérea británica como especialista en radares y participó en el desarrollo de un sistema de defensa con esa tecnología. En 1945, en un artículo científico planteó por primera vez la idea de que los satélites podían ser centros de telecomunicaciones. Estos trabajos le valieron varios reconocimientos, entre ellos que la Unión Astronómica Internacional bautizara Clarke a la órbita geoestacionaria a 36.000 kilómetros sobre el Ecuador. Después de la guerra, Clarke realizó estudios en física y matemática y simultáneamente comenzó a escribir ciencia ficción. Su primer relato, “Partida de rescate”, se publicó en 1946. Su nutrida obra literaria -que destaca el optimismo por el progreso científico, los encuentros con culturas superiores y su interés por los fenómenos paranormales- lo convirtió en un gran divulgador. En los 50, sus obras fueron de tipo humanista- utópico, como El fin de la infancia , La ciudad y las estrellas y “El centinela”, de 1951. El éxito del film, que ganó un Oscar, fue tan grande que Clarke convirtió el relato en una novela que llamó igual que la película. A ese libro le siguieron tres más de la misma serie. Perfil político En 1969, cuando era considerado el principal profeta de la era espacial, Clarke se unió a la cadena CBS para narrar junto al astronauta Wally Schirra la llegada del Apolo a la Luna. Años después tuvo el mismo papel en las misiones Apolo XII y Apolo XIV. En los 70 se destacaron Cita con Rama -que abrió una serie que tuvo tres libros más- y Fuentes del paraíso , ejemplos de la llamada “ciencia ficción dura”. Una última etapa, a fines de los 80 y los 90, se caracterizó por un perfil más político y social, como en Factor detonante o Sismo grado 10 . Desde 1956, Clarke vivía en Sri Lanka, siguiendo su interés por la exploración submarina. En 1998, el diario The Sunday Mirror divulgó acusaciones de pederastía en su contra, que nunca se confirmaron. En 1953, Clarke se casó con la norteamericana Marilyn Mayfield, pero el matrimonio duró sólo seis meses. Clarke había aprendido tanto de la ciencia como había contribuido a difundirla: “Si algo sabemos de la historia de los descubrimientos es que, en el largo plazo, las profecías más arriesgadas son ridículamente conservadoras”, escribió. 5 Arthur C. Clarke De Wikipedia, la enciclopedia libre Sir Arthur Charles Clarke, más conocido como Arthur C. Clarke (16 de diciembre de 1917, Minehead, Inglaterra - 19 de marzo de 2008, Colombo, Sri Lanka), fue un escritor y científico británico. Autor de obras de divulgación científica y de ciencia ficción, como El centinela o Cita con Rama y co-guionista de 2001: Una odisea del espacio. BIOGRAFÍA Nació en Minehead, Somerset. Ya de pequeño mostró su fascinación por la astronomía, con un telescopio casero dibujó un mapa de la Luna. Terminados sus estudios secundarios en 1936, se traslada a Londres. Durante la Segunda Guerra Mundial, sirvió en la Royal Air Force (Fuerza Aérea Real) como especialista en radares, involucrándose en el desarrollo de un sistema de defensa por radar, y ejerciendo como instructor de la naciente especialidad. Concluida la guerra, publica su artículo técnico Extra-terrestrial Relays, en el cual sienta las bases de los satélites artificiales en órbita geoestacionaria (llamada, en su honor, órbita Clarke), una de sus grandes contribuciones a la ciencia del siglo XX. Este trabajo le valdrá numerosos premios, becas y reconocimientos. En ese período estudia matemáticas y física en el prestigioso King's College de Londres, estudios que finalizó con honores. También ejerció varios años como presidente de la Sociedad Interplanetaria Británica (BIS), hecho que demuestra su gran afición por la astronáutica. En 1957 como parte del comité británico acude a Barcelona para el VIII Congreso Internacional de Astronáutica, momento que coincide con el lanzamiento del Sputnik I por parte de la Unión de Repúblicas Socialistas Soviéticas. 6 Su fama mundial se consolidó con sus intervenciones en la televisión: en la década de los '60, como comentarista de la CBS de las misiones Apolo; y en la década de los '80, merced a un par de series de televisión que realizó. También son conocidas sus famosas leyes de Clarke, publicadas en su libro de divulgación científica Perfiles del Futuro (1962). La más popular (y citada) de ellas es la llamada "Tercera Ley de Clarke": Toda tecnología lo suficientemente avanzada es indistinguible de la magia. Desde 1956 y hasta su fallecimiento vivió en la isla de Sri Lanka (antigua Ceilán), en parte por su interés por la fotografía y la exploración submarina, en parte por su fascinación por la cultura india. El periódico sensacionalista Sunday Mirror lo acusó de vivir en Sri Lanka por otra razón: la facilidad para practicar la pederastia en aquel país. Él negó las acusaciones y amenazó con emprender acciones judiciales, cosa que finalmente no hizo para evitar gastos millonarios. Según declaró en una entrevista, siempre ha tenido una especial antipatía hacia los pederastas, por lo que pocas acusaciones le podrían resultar más repugnantes. Estas difamaciones no probadas no impidieron que se le otorgara el título de caballero de la Orden del Imperio Británico en 1998. Las autoridades de Sri Lanka, después de haber iniciado una investigación, reivindicaron también su buena fama. También en su honor prestó su nombre a un asteroide, 4923 y una especie de dinosaurio ceratopsiano, el Serendipaceratops arthurcclarkei descubierto en Inverloch, Australia. Falleció la madrugada del miércoles 19 de marzo de 2008 a las 01:30 hora local (21.00 GMT del martes) en Colombo (capital de Sri Lanka), debido a un paro cardiorespiratorio. Clarke y la ciencia ficción Comenzó a escribir ciencia ficción al finalizar la guerra. Su primer cuento publicado fue Partida de Rescate, que apareció en el número de mayo de 1946 de Astounding y que le sirvió como punto de partida de una fructífera carrera. Entre sus primeros relatos destaca El centinela ("The Sentinel"), que sirvió de base para su novela 2001: Una odisea espacial (1968) y para la película del mismo nombre del director Stanley Kubrick. Se pueden diferenciar claramente tres etapas en su producción: • Las novelas utópico/humanistas de los '50, principalmente El fin de la infancia, La ciudad y las estrellas y la propia 2001: Una odisea espacial. • La rigurosidad científica de los '70, por la que será incluido entre los autores de ciencia ficción dura, con obras como Cita con Rama y sobre todo Fuentes del paraíso.
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