BIRDS AND PEOPLE

BirdLife ’s Bird Conservation Newsletter September, 2012 No. 35 September, 2012 No. 35 B IRDS AND P EOPLE

B IRD L IFE B OTSWANA ’ S B IRD C ONSERVATION N EWSLETTER

IN THIS ISSUE: E D I TO R I A L

Success at last 3

Second National EE Conference 5 The lead article in this issue describes a project to determine the movements of globally threatened Raptor ID Course 5 raptors in Botswana. The purpose of the project is to see to what extent vultures are adequately safe- A Flight of Flamingos 6 guarded in Botswana’s huge protected areas. The project benefitted greatly from the partnership BirdLife’s 90/20 Anniversary 7 with the Denver Zoological Foundation and the CKGR Research team, proving once again that Photo Gallery 8 ‘working together works’. We particularly enjoyed the involvement of several Batswana colleagues, July 2012 Waterbird Counts 10 although strangely the photographs in this issue of Financial viability of protected areas 11 two of them (Mmoloki Keiteretse — below, and Cinistar Tjitemisa — page 4) show them looking Biodiversity monitoring workshop 12 decidedly unhappy! Actually they both had a great time, and were knocked out by the awesome Lappet African Birdlife magazine 13 -faced Vulture in particular. There is no doubt that ‘a bird in the hand is worth two in the bush’! Roberts Geographic Variation book 14 Front cover: Pete Hancock Front cover: Pink-backed Pelican (Editor) (PeteWeighing Hancock) a Lappet-faced Vulture (Photo: K Oake) This page: This page: Pied Kingfisher (MilesMmoloki Kamakama) and the vulture (Photo: Pete Hancock)

Birds and People No. 35 Page 3 Birds and People SUCCESS AT LAST!

BirdLife Botswana, in restrictions on posses- small hide/blind partnership with sion of the explosives nearby, from which Denver Zoo and CKGR used to power it. the cannon net could Research, has Fortunately colleagues be remotely fired — embarked on a project from Denver Zoo both items were well to learn more about managed to trace, and camouflaged. Lastly, a the movements of acquire, a cannon net bait was set out in globally threatened that uses compressed front of the cannon raptors in Botswana. air to fire the weights net to attract the Central to this that project the net vultures to the site — endeavour is catching over the target area. the net is only about some birds to fit them Some strategic funding 12m x 15m so the birds with satellite transmit- from Rufford Small have to be close! Now ters that will enable us Grants enabled us to it was a question of to follow their every field a small team to waiting until the movement. try out this promising vultures arrived! technique. During late 2011, we After a few frustrating experimented with a During August, we set days during which “Project supported portable walk-in trap, up our capture Lappet-faced Vultures by Rufford Small but without success, operation at were present, but not although colleagues in Bokamoso Game Ranch in the ‘firing zone’, Grants, Denver Namibia and South on the western side of our luck changed. Two Zoological Africa had found it to the Central Kalahari Lappet-faced Vultures be a cost-effective Game Reserve. Our (and numerous Foundation and method. Consequently objective was to catch ‘unwanted’ White- CKGR Research” we decided to try a five Vulnerable backed Vultures) fed cannon net, another Lappet-faced Vultures on the carcase and the proven method; how- and deploy the trans- cannon net was fired. ever it looked as mitters provided by One Lappet-faced and though it would not be Denver Zoo. After set- several White-backed feasible due to local ting up the cannon vultures flew out and international net, we positioned a before the net could

The cannon net being set up — the net will be folded on the ground in front (Photo: Pete Hancock)

Birds and People No. 35 Birds and People Page 4

Test firing the cannon net (Photo: Pete Hancock) encompass them — the most interesting carcase. They seem to birds are incredibly observing the vulture’s specialise in the quick! However, we behaviour at the rougher parts, such as had one of our target carcase — although the skin and gristle, which birds and it was duly Lappet-faced Vultures they tear up with their fitted with the are dominant over the powerful beaks. This satellite transmitter smaller White-backed means that it is Already these and released. Vultures, they remain important to wait on the fringes while patiently while the vultures are sending During the ensuing few there is a frenzy of White-backed Vultures back useful days we managed to feeding White-backs. have their free meal — catch a further three Once the action only when the action is information as to Lappet-faced Vultures, subsides, the Lappet- almost over is it their whereabouts. before we finally ran faced Vultures move in possible to catch one out of time. It was and commandeer the of the target birds.

Already these vultures are sending back interesting information as to their where- abouts — they range over huge areas of the central Kalahari and the Ghanzi District. One of the birds is regularly recorded in one particular location in the Central Kalahari Game Reserve where we believe it has a nest. The other three birds may be unpaired subadults as they seem to be moving randomly over larger areas. In time, we will be able to determine to what extent these birds come into contact Cinistar about to release one of the vultures (Photo: P Hancock) with humans.

Birds and People No. 35 Page 5 Birds and People SECOND NATIONAL EE CONFERENCE

The second National was soon followed by better education and Environmental Educa- an EE Capacity- environment, other tion Conference was building Workshop for presentations focused held in Maun during high profile personnel on educational aspects July — organized by in the MESD. This or environmental the Department of latter initiative was issues — Pete Environmental Affairs organized by the Hancock’s presenta- — and attended by Department of tion on “Vultures and over 200 people from Curriculum Develop- the Loss of Biodiver- the Ministry of ment and Evaluation sity” raised poisoning Education and Skills and aimed to drive as one of the Development (MESD), change towards important contempo- other government achieving Education rary environmental departments, non- for Sustainable issues. governmental Development. organizations and the We would like to see general public. A key presentation at this interest in, and the second National EE commitment to EE This conference aimed Conference was that driven down to the “This conference to identify and by Doreen McColaugh, grassroots level where served to kick-start evaluate progress with representing BirdLife it is implemented in environmental Botswana — she gave a schools. The next Environmental education in Botswana comprehensive over- target should be Education once and review the devel- view of Environmental school heads — let’s opments, successes again” Education in the motivate them to and constraints country, thereby embrace EE as a experienced. As such, setting the context for relevant approach to it served to kick-start the whole conference. education in the 21st EE once again, and Since EE promotes Century. RAPTOR ID COURSE

If you can’t identify experts alike—there the raptor on the will be something for left, don’t worry — everyone. It is you can enroll on particularly suitable Johan van for professional Jaarsveld’s Raptor guides and people in Identification Course the safari industry. taking place in Maun during the evenings There will be a of 24 th , 25 th and 26 th nominal charge for October. The theory the course, and pro- will be followed by a spective participants field excursion on must enroll in Saturday 27 th . advance. Contact Johan on mobile This course is for 75259162 or e-mail beginners and [email protected]

Mystery raptor (Photo: L Francey)

Birds and People No. 35 Birds and People Page 6 A FLIGHT OF FLAMINGOS

Flamingos in the Delta wetlands to the north- southern Africa). — amazing! Reports of east? With very little, large flocks of Lesser if any, food for Lesser What is interesting is Flamingos have been Flamingo in the delta that there have been flooding in from (maybe more at Savute relatively few Lesser people located across Marsh), they are either Flamingos sighted in the Okavango Delta, en route to somewhere Walvis Bay this year Savuti, Chobe and the north (maybe East according to sources Zambezi wetlands over Africa), which is likely, there, and Mark the past month. These or have no better Anderson of BirdLife reports are hard to options further south South Africa has believe, notwithstand- and west and are reported that ing that they have exploring the northern increased water levels been accompanied by wetlands. In the last at Kamfers Dam have stunning photos! And ten years, I have resulted in a change in those witnessing the conducted two food type and hence flocks are all posing flamingo migration relatively fewer Lesser the same questions: studies, by placing Flamingos there too. Where are they coming satellite tracking Lake Ngami has, for Flamingos have from? Why are they devices on Lesser the past few years, been sighted in coming to these Flamingos leaving the been a magnet for wetlands? Makgadikgadi when it increasing numbers of areas where they dries, after a typical flamingos. However, have previously not Map Ives has noted breeding season. On the feeding conditions that in the past 30 both occasions, they there are not ideal for been recorded. years he has only ever have flown south to Lesser Flamingo, which Where are they seen flamingos in the small wetlands in feed on microscopic coming from, and swamps once and that South Africa e.g . blue-green algae or was a single bird, until Kamfers Dam, and cyanobacteria. why? now. Such is the rarity small to medium of this occurrence. seasonally flooded It may be that Lake The numbers observed pans in South Africa’s Ngami has been a big recently are also northern provinces. draw card until unusual: I have only Another popular spot recently, since ever seen large for them is Walvis Bay Makgadikgadi and numbers of Lesser where large numbers Etosha Pan dried up Flamingos in Botswana go to spend the non- earlier in the year, at the Makgadikgadi or breeding season when and that poor feeding Lake Ngami. So why is they leave the conditions at the lake it that we are now, all Makgadikgadi, Etosha have driven them to of a sudden, seeing Pan or Kamfers Dam neighbouring wetlands flamingos in the (the only breeding in search of better Okavango and at other sites for the species in feeding conditions.

Birds and People No. 35 Page 7 Birds and People

Another very interest- Makgadikgadi. But the Nakuru recently owing ing explanation is the link between the to high water levels at possibility of them sub-continental the lake. migrating down to populations, although Botswana and Namibia highly likely, has not There is so much yet from East Africa. This yet been proven. It is to be learnt about theory has been postu- therefore fascinating these magnificent and lated for some years to hear from some most mysterious 'flame now, to account for colleagues in East birds' of the skies. the huge numbers that Africa that large have occurred at numbers of flamingos Dr Graham McCulloch places like the have moved from Lake BIRDLIFE’S 90/20 ANNIVERSARY

The BirdLife Partnership in its present form is 20 years old, but it has roots that go back as far as 90 years. This year is therefore an important mile- stone in the history of the Partnership.

The oldest BirdLife Partner is the Bombay Natural History Society (BNHS— BirdLife in India founded in 1883), followed by the RSPB (UK) and NABU (Netherlands). By contrast, BirdLife Botswana is just over 10 years old (but The BirdLife it was the Botswana Bird Club for 20 years prior to this).

Partnership is The BirdLife Partnership is one the largest and one of the most remarkable currently civil society organisations working for nature; it has partners and affiliates celebrating its in over 100 countries worldwide. These are mainly Non-governmental Organisations (NGOs) and Societies which when working together can anniversary achieve much more than any of them alone!

It would be great to hear from any long-standing BirdLife members who have historical information or photographs about the Botswana Bird Club. Please send such information to your nearest BirdLife office (see addresses at the back of the newsletter).

Red-breasted Swallows (Photo: I White) Birds and People No. 35 PHOTO GALLERY

Photos by Ken Oake and Pete Hancock Birds and People Page 10 JULY 2012 WATERBIRD COUNTS

In northern Botswana, a strong counts in the Okavango and White-breasted Cormorants team led by Phil Zappala and along the Maunachira River at both Shashe and Ntimbale Mark Vandewalle covered the and at Lake Ngami. Sadly no Dams. Chobe River and floodplain other counts were received between the old park entrance for the Okavango Delta. In southeast Botswana there gate and Ngoma Bridge, and was good cover of the over 12,000 birds were noted. At the edge of the Makgadi- various dams and sewage Species in the highest numbers kgadi Pans, Chris Brewster ponds by Mike & Daphne were White-faced Duck (3424), surveyed Lake Xau near Goldsworthy, Chris Brewster Red-billed Teal (3040), Mopipi. There he found and Keddy Mooketsa, Egyptian Goose (902) and 5,721 waterbirds including although no count was made African Openbill (882). A good 1,500 Great White Pelicans, at Broadhurst (Tsholofelo) range of species was seen with 1,100 Greater Flamingos Sewage Ponds and the count 35 Pink-backed Pelicans, four and 130 Lesser Flamingos at Phakalane Sewage Ponds White Storks, two Lesser and 1,166 Black-winged was incomplete. Numbers Jacanas, four White- crowned Stilts. Other species of generally were much lower Lapwings, a Caspian Tern, four interest were 36 Chestnut- than usual for July because African Marsh Harriers and 36 banded Plovers, three White- of the drought and conse- African Fish Eagles amongst fronted Plovers, 13 Grey- quent very low water levels the interest. hooded Gulls and seven in dams. Only 5,170 birds Caspian Terns. were counted at five sewage Gavin and Marjorie Blair ponds and five dams. Little dutifully checked seven pan Staff of the Department of Grebes (934) and Red- complexes in Chobe National Wildlife and National Parks knobbed Coot (831) were Park but they were all dry, (DWNP) Serowe office did a the most numerous species. Over 12,000 except for tiny puddles in one or fantastic job in counting Six Great Crested Grebes at two. Not surprisingly the only dams in eastern Botswana, Mogobane Dam, two Yellow- waterbirds were birds seen at the pans were all of which were only from billed Storks at , Crowned and Blacksmith lap- 35-50% full. a White Stork at Gamoleele counted along the wings, except for one Saddle- was the most productive Dam, 174 Cape Teal at Chobe River! billed Stork. The Blairs then followed by Ramotswa Sewage Ponds counted birds on the Savuti but it was useful to have a and two Wattled Lapwings at marsh and channel but count by boat of the Lobatse Sewage Ponds were shortage of time meant that relatively new Ntimbale Dam among the few highlights. only about 25% of the wetland north of Francistown. DWNP Further north Peter D’Arcy was covered. Even so, they staff also visited Zibanana and his wife covered noted almost 2,000 birds — Pan on the Zimbabwe border Mahalapye Sewage Ponds eleven Slaty Egrets was a good and Bonwakatlhako Dam on where 19 Maccoa Duck and record for Savuti; other high the Dikabeya River northeast 221 Little Grebes were seen. counts were 431 white egrets, of Palapye. They found 21 181 Yellow-billed Storks, 319 Great White Pelicans at A summary of the counts African Jacanas and 11 Greater Shashe Dam and ten Pink- appears in the table below Painted Snipe. backed Pelicans and 25 (total no. of waterbirds with African Openbills at no. of species in brackets). Unfortunately due to lack of Letsibogo, 200 Greater and funds, Pete Hancock was 150 Lesser flamingos at Stephanie Tyler unable to carry out his regular Shashe Dam and breeding AfWC Co-ordinator

Northern Botswana South-eastern Botswana 5,170 (48) Chobe River 12,053 (52) Bathoen Dam 260 (16) Chobe N.P. pans 47 (3) Bokaa Dam 738 (26) Savuti marsh/channel 25 % cover 1,992 (37) Gamoleele Dam 425 (25) Jwaneng S.P. 313 (14) Eastern Botswana 1,270 (37) Lobatse S.P. 289 (24) Shashe Dam 716 (20) Mahalapye S.P. 396 (23) Ntimbale Dam 102 (15) Mogobane Dam 1,469 (27) Letsibogo Dam 421 (26) Moshupa Dam 54 (12) Zibanana Pan 11 (5) Phakalane S.P. (incomplete) 352 (23) Bonwakatlhako Dam 20 (7) Ramotswa S.P. 874 (20)

Makgadikgadi Pans Lake Xau 5,721 (44) Birds and People No. 35 Page 11 Birds and People

FINANCIAL VIABILITY OF PA S

Recent findings from necessary. The instance, from 2008 a consultant who assignment began in to 2012, for Khutse undertook an September 2011 and Game Reserve and “Assessment of the ended in September Kgalagadi Transfron- financial and opera- 2012. tier Park, the tional management government expendi- effectiveness of A highlight from the ture has been Protected Areas assessment is that significantly higher (PAs) in Botswana” over the past five than income. On a indicates that years, the financing positive note, though there is a gap, that is the showing potential for general perception difference between engaging the private that Botswana is government PA sector, the assess- making a profit out financing and PA ment shows that the of the PA system, a revenue, is still high Willingness To Pay closer look at - calculated to be by the private sector operations and 29%. The financial suggested that at Is the current financial manage- assessment however least 55% of the Botswana Protected ment leaves much to recognises some of annual parks budget Area management be desired. the challenges to be could be invested system financially addressed, espe- into PAs by the Through the BirdLife cially management private sector. viable? Botswana project reforms within the However it is critical entitled “Strategic PA authority. The to realise that apart Partnerships to assessment indicates from the DWNP Improve the that management expenditure there is Financial and and financial no direct structure Operational Sustain- changes in the PA or mechanism to ability of Protected operations are financially support Areas” funded by the required. There is a PA management Global Environment need for policy to (such as partnerships Facility (GEF) and accommodate other with the private conducted in players in PA man- sector). The consul- collaboration with agement (directly or tancy suggests that the Department of indirectly). This has it is very possible for Environmental been recommended the government of Affairs and the as a way of reducing Botswana to operate Department of Wild- the high cost PAs strictly as a sus- life and National incurred by govern- tainable business Parks, an assessment ment in managing without compromis- has been done to PAs alone. The ing conservation. focus on the effec- assessment indicated More information is tiveness of current that currently some available in the management PAs run at a loss, report, obtainable systems with the i.e . the government from BirdLife intention of funding is more than Botswana. recommending what the PA improvements where generates; for M Kootsositse

Birds and People No. 35 Birds and People Page 12

BIODIVERSITY MONITORING WORKSHOP

On the 12 th of July 2012, biodiversity monitoring teams from all protected Important Bird Areas and national biodiver- sity management authorities came together for a work- shop. The workshop was funded by BirdLife Botswana through UNDP/GEF, and hosted by the Department of Wildlife and National Parks. It was a way of reporting to stake- holders on the just- The purpose of the ended project Makgadikgadi and Nxai and actions on Instituting Effective Pans, Central Kalahari environmental workshop was to Monitoring of and Khutse Game management. Depart- improve IBA Protected Areas Reserves, ment of Forestry and (Important Bird Areas) Mannyelanong Game Range Resources monitoring as a Contribution to Reserve, and Kgalagadi presented on the new throughout the Reducing the Rate of Transfrontier Park. fire management country Biodiversity Loss in Other stakeholders in- systems while the Africa (2007-2011). cluded the Department Department of Wildlife Objectives of the of Environmental and National Parks meeting were to: Affairs and the Depart- further explained the ment of Forestry and Management Oriented • Train monitoring teams Range Resources. Monitoring System. on IBA data collection During the workshop, The Environment • Give feedback to Information System monitoring teams on biodiversity monitoring results from 2008 to teams from protected was one of the data 2011 areas had refresher management systems • Discuss challenges and training on accurate discussed. The data solutions to IBA data and timely data collec- manager/programme collection and manage- tion using the State- co-ordinator from the ment Pressure-Response Department of • Increase awareness of framework. Data Environmental Affairs using birds as indicator collection and manage- clarified its species in biodiversity ment were discussed, importance and use in monitoring as information the management of collected from sites is the natural environ- Participants included uploaded into the ment. He informed Department of Wildlife World Biodiversity participants that the and National Parks, Database for manage- system is open for use research and park ment, analysis and by all and contains authorities from Chobe reporting. Stakeholders components such as National Park, the had ample time to pre- environmental Okavango Delta, sent on their role indicators, state of the

Birds and People No. 34 Page 13 Birds and People

BIODIVERSITY MONITORING WORKSHOP C O N T D

environment reviews education and aware- unprotected IBAs are as well as environ- ness on best practices under massive threats mental assessment. of natural resource and the populations of management, publicity threatened birds are From the project, and communication to declining. Monitoring information gathered students and the teams also requested in the past four years general public by for more training on shows that biodiversity events such as World bird awareness and a is faced with Migratory Bird Day, standard methodology challenges such as World Environment of bird monitoring. unsustainable Day and World Tourism Recommendations and exploitation, habitat Day. conclusions from the destruction and meeting was that more pollution. Veldt fires Important Bird Area collaboration and have also immensely monitoring is one of synergy is the only way affected the ecosys- the significant conser- to addressing increas- tems in protected vation initiatives ing environmental areas, gradually implemented by issues. The meeting Stakeholders from a reducing the quality BirdLife Botswana and was followed by a variety of and quantity of the Department of practical exercise Wildlife and National where participants government biodiversity in Botswana’s protected Parks. Results are used visited one of the departments areas. Most affected to advise government intensely threatened attended the areas from 2008 to on biodiversity IBAs, Phakalane 2011 are the Forest matters, advocate for Sewage Ponds, to workshop Reserves, Makg- sustainable use of assess the status of adikgadi Pans and natural resources and the environment. Central Kalahari Game formulate legislation Reserve. Conservation and policies. From the Mabifhi Lesego Ratsie measure taken by participants’ observa- IBA Project tions, it was apparent government and stake- holders includes that most of the

AFRICAN BIRDLIFE MAGAZINE

Keen birders were all at the beginning of photographs of our disappointed at the November this year. continent’s birds”. It recent discontinuation According to BirdLife will undoubtedly be a of the informative, South Africa CEO, Mark magazine worth high-quality magazine Anderson “it will having so watch your Africa: Birds and include well written nearest bookshop later Birding . However, the articles and stunning this year! new BirdLife South Africa publication, African Birdlife, will hopefully go a long way towards filling this void. The inaugural issue will be available

Birds and People No. 34 Birds and People Page 14 COMMON BIRD MONITORING

A friendly reminder to all participants in the Common Bird Monitoring project — November is just around the corner! The project is shaping up nicely with countrywide coverage steadily improving, so please prepare yourselves for the next session. It would be greatly appreciated if you could involve one extra person in your count with the aim of recruiting a new counter so that the number of participants continues to grow.

ROBERTS GEOGRAPHIC VARIATION

One of the most important ornithological books to be published recently is Roberts Geographic Variation of Southern African Birds. This book takes birding to the next level: in describing the plumage variation of 613 bird races, it encourages birders to look more closely at their subjects (even common, ‘familiar’ ones) to discern subtle differences between them, This book will take and then puts them in a spatial context your birding to a by showing where in southern Africa they are likely to be found. It goes further new level! than this, however, since “Species evolve from races and subspecies” (Clancey, 1967) - the book gives us an insight into how some birds are speciating right in front of our eyes. The text is clear and thoroughly well researched, the maps are as accurate as current knowledge permits and the illustrations are meticulously executed. It is essentially a reference work, but I enjoyed reading my copy from cover to cover and savouring the illustrations. The book contained many revelations for me e.g . why does the Hadeda Ibis found around the Okavango have a pale eye and noticeable white crescent on the cheek, why do the Delta’s Spur- winged Geese have so much white on the face etc .? At last here is a guide which shows how yellow our African Green Pigeon is, and how rufous our Crested Francolin is. The mystery of our Village Indigobird with white bill has at last been revealed (subsp. okavangoensis )! With the wide range of illustrations for each species, this book is a useful companion to Roberts Bird Guide which of course shows only a ‘typical’ representative of each.

Hugh Chittenden — the book’s lead author — recently was awarded an honorary Doctorate for his contribution to ornithology in southern Africa, and this book, which contains much original information, is testimony to the standard of his work.

For those people who have not yet obtained a copy, the books are in most bookshops now — there are details for Jacana, the major distributor, on the Roberts website: http://www.robertsbirds.co.za/

Birds and People No. 34 Page 15 Birds and People

Membership Form

Membership is due in January of each year, as the subscription runs from January to December.

Rates • Standard - P120.00 • Corporate - P2000 • Professional – Rangers, Guides and SSG members - P60.00 • Life - P2000 • Students studying in Botswana – P15 • Schools/Clubs – P50 plus P5 per club member with a minimum of 10 members per club • SADC Region – P350 • Overseas (and outside SADC) – P450

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Birds and People No. 34 PHOTO OF THE MONTH

Professional Guide James Haskins from Wildlands Safaris spotted these Greater Flamingos in Savuti recently, and managed to get a unique shot of them with a herd of elephants in the background. What a sighting!

CONTACT ADDRESSES

BirdLife Botswana BirdLife Botswana PO Box 26691 PO Box 1529 Contact us Game City Maun Gaborone [email protected] [email protected]

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BIRDLIFE BOTSWANA MISSION

BirdLife Botswana aims to conserve birds and important bird habitats, by creating awareness, carrying out research and promoting beneficial relationships between birds and people .