DOCSLIB.ORG

Questions for Oral Answers and Their Replies”

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

1 (35th Session) NATIONAL ASSEMBLY SECRETARIAT ———— “QUESTIONS FOR ORAL ANSWERS AND THEIR REPLIES” to be asked at a sitting of the National Assembly to be held on Wednesday, the 11th August, 2021 @38. *Ms. Shahida Rehmani: (Deferred during 33rd Session) Will the Minister for National Food Security and Research be pleased to state: (a) how many tonnes of cigarette butts/filters wind up as toxic trash in Pakistan every year; (b) how much wood is used annually for tobacco every year; and (c) what steps taken or being taken by the Government to reduce non-renewable trash? Minister for National Food Security and Research (Syed Fakhar Imam): (a) Around 16,000 tons of waste in shape of cigarette butts/ filters is generated in Pakistan every year. (b) Average annual consumption of firewood used for curing of Flue Cured Virginia (FCV) tobacco is 215 million kg. (c) Filters/ butts are integral part of cigarettes. They cannot be eliminated from the cigarettes. However, the international cigarette industry is working on reducing size of the filter in cigarettes to minimize non-renewable trash. __________________________________________________________ @ Transferred from Climate Change Division. 2 30. *Moulana Abdul Akbar Chitrali: (Deferred on 19-07-2021) Will the Minister for Housing and Works be pleased to state: (a) whether it is a fact that the Housing Foundation awarded contracts for Infrastructure and development of the land to the firms registered with Pakistan Engineering Council (PEC); (b) if so, the details of the works, names of the firms, alongwith registration with the PEC; and (c) the category of registration, field of specialization of the projects during the last ten years of Green Enclave Bhara Kahu etc.? Deferred for answer on Next Rota Day. 42. *Mrs. Shahida Akhtar Ali: (Deferred on 19-07-2021) Will the Minister for Housing and Works be pleased to state: (a) the number of G-13 Tower Apartments which were allotted to Federal Government employees and have been cancelled due to non-payment of the dues alongwith the details of each; (b) the time by which transfer of allotment will be opened for those members who had deposited the dues in time; and (c) whether is there any proposal under consideration of the Government to provide concession to the allottees by selling the commercial area alongwith category-wise details? Deferred for answer on Next Rota Day. 3 43. *Syed Agha Rafiullah: (Deferred on 19-07-2021) Will the Minister for National Health Services, Regulations and Coordination be pleased to state: (a) whether it is a fact that the Prime Minister has approved a summary for special financial package for front line health workforce of Federal Government during the last financial year based on lists compiled by each of Federal Administrative hospital; if so, the hospital-wise list of such persons; (b) whether it is also a fact that such lists approved by the Prime Minister and in particular in case of Federal Government Polyclinic, Islamabad were allegedly altered neither they were re-approved from the Prime Minister; (c) if so, is there any discrepancy found between the lists approved by the Prime Minister and “the final lists of beneficiaries” among them, funds were distributed and in particular in case of Federal Government Polyclinic, Islamabad; if so, the details thereof; and (d) what steps have been taken or being taken by the Government against the persons responsible for such alterations in the lists approved by the Prime Minister? Reply not received. 48. *Mr. Sikandar Ali Rahoupoto: (Deferred on 19-07-2021) Will the Minister for National Health Services, Regulations and Coordination be pleased to state the steps being taken by the Government to control the spread of the HIV/AIDs disease in the country, particularly in district Jamshoro and Dadu? Minister for National Health Services, Regulations and Coordination: 1. The National AIDS Control Program has established 50 HIV, Treatment Centers in which 46,912 HIV patients are registered. Out of these patients 26,093 on treatment who are taking HIV medicine. 7,264 People Who Inject Drugs (PWIDs) are also on Treatment. A total number 4 of 7,538 deaths of HIV patients are recorded. Each HIV center consists of Physician, Nurse/Paramedic, Counselor, Case Manager and Data Entry Operator. which are providing the following services: • Registration of People Living with HIV. • HIV Testing of People Living with HIV. • Treatment of People Living with HIV. • Counselling of People Living with HIV. • Lost to follow up tracking. • Viral load testing. 2. The National AIDS Control Program has also established 17 Community Based Organizations (CBOs) dealing with key population. 94,978 Men having Sex with Men (MSMs) are registered with these organizations whereas 36,553 Transgenders (TGs) and 22,754 Female Sex Workers (FSWs)are registered. Each CBO consists of Site Manager, LHVs/Paramedic, Counselor, Data Entry Operator, Out Reach Workers, Logistics/Admin/Finance Officer and support staff, which are providing the following services in office and field for key populations (Men having Sex with Men, Transgenders and Female Sex Workers): • Registration • Testing • Diagnosing and treatment of Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs). • Counseling • Distribution of condoms & lubricants • Linkage of HIV positive patients to treatment centers 3. The National AIDS Control Program has established 16 HIV treatment centers in Sindh province. HIV treatment center at Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences, Hyderabad treats the patients of Jamshoro. The HIV patients of Dadu are treated at HIV Treatment center established at Syed Abdullah Shah Institute of Medical Sciences Sehwan Shareef. 4. NACP provides number of HIV interventions at Primary Health Care for Universal Health Coverage in Pakistan. 5 i. The community level interventions include the following: HIV testing, counselling and referral. Provision of syringes and condoms for high-risk groups. Health education on sexually transmitted infections and HIV. ii. The Primary Health Care Centre level intervention primarily at rural health centres include the following: HIV testing, counselling and referral for antiretroviral (ARV) therapy Partner notification and expected treatment for sexually transmitted diseases and referral for HIV also available at Community health centres Screening of HIV in all individual unit of TB Screening for TB in all newly diagnose People Living with HIV and close contacts 5. Pakistan provided uninterrupted service delivery during COVID-19 pandemic. Our HIV control efforts were modified to ensure the uninterrupted supply of services, these include the following: • Multi month dispensing to facilitate the People Living with HIV in getting sufficient stocks of antiretrovirals at the geographically nearest centre. • Development of revised protocols for services delivery with a minimum basic staffing & smart outreach and local specific delivery protocols. • Provision of personal protective equipment to all frontlines service providers in both ART centres and CBOs. • Issuance of Regular Advisories go the CBOs & field staff regarding field work and service delivery protocols in “special COVID-19 circumstances”. 6 • Establishment of Emergency Response Cell with 24/7 helpline was established for assisting key populations in need of services & providing treatment access to PLHIV (People Living with HIV). • Provision of Living/ social support to PLHIV utilising community groups and networks. 6. Establishment of National MIS for HIV/AIDS in Pakistan for Treatment Centres and Community Based Organisations: • Electronic registration of People Living with HIV & Clients. • Recording of testing & treatment. • Day to day monitoring of patients on treatment. • Integration with logistics for stock management. • Dashboards for national & provincial monitoring of disease on key indicators. 51. *Mr. Muhammad Aslam Khan: (Deferred on 19-07-2021) Will the Minister for National Health Services, Regulations and Coordination be pleased to state: (a) the number of diplomas holder or courses registered by Pakistan Nursing Council during the last three years alongwith the nature of the said diplomas; (b) the procedure for registration of diplomas alongwith the registration fee thereof; (c) whether there is any proposal under consideration to establish branches of Pakistan Nursing Council in the four provinces in order to facilitate the public; and (d) whether it is a fact that the staff of Pakistan Nursing Council does not have such behaviors with the people who are facing trouble? Reply not Received. 7 53. *Moulana Abdul Akbar Chitrali: (Deferred on 19-07-2021) Will the Minister for Housing and Works be pleased to state: (a) whether it is a fact that the Federal Government Employees Housing Authority (FGEHA) has not purchased the land for the Green Enclave and Thallian Inter-change under the Land Acquisition Act; if so, then the details of the procedure adopted for acquiring the land other than the prescribed rules; (b) names of the owners of the land, names of the Mozas and numbers of khasras, cost of the land per kanal of malkiati, shamlat etc.; and (c) details of the agreement signed with other irrelevant persons instead of the actual owners alongwith reasons and under whom authority had allowed please? Deferred for answer on Next Rota Day. 166. *Mr. Murtaza Javed Abbasi: Will the Minister for Housing and Works be pleased to state: (a) whether it is a fact that the rates of plots of Green Enclave Phase-I, Bhara Kahu, Islamabad
Recommended publications
  • Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto and Confrontationist Power Politics in Pakistan : JRSP, Vol

    Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto and Confrontationist Power Politics in Pakistan : JRSP, Vol

    Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto and Confrontationist Power Politics in Pakistan : JRSP, Vol. 58, No 2 (April-June 2021) Ulfat Zahra Javed Iqbal Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto and the Beginning of Confrontationist Power Politics in Pakistan 1971-1977 Abstract: This paper mainly explores the genesis of power politics in Pakistan during 1971-1977. The era witnessed political disorders that the country had experienced after the tragic event of the separation of East Pakistan. Bhutto’s desire for absolute power and his efforts to introduce a system that would make him the main force in power alienated both, the opposition and his colleagues and supporters. Instead of a democratic stance on competitive policies, he adopted an authoritarian style and confronted the National People's Party, leading to an era characterized by power politics and personality clashes between the stalwarts of the time. This mutual distrust between Bhutto and the opposition - led to a coalition of diverse political groups in the opposition, forming alliances such as the United Democratic Front and the Pakistan National Alliance to counter Bhutto's attempts of establishing a sort of civilian dictatorship. This study attempts to highlight the main theoretical and political implications of power politics between the ruling PPP and the opposition parties which left behind deep imprints on the history of Pakistan leading to the imposition of martial law in 1977. If the political parties tackle the situation with harmony, a firm democracy can establish in Pakistan. Keywords: Pakhtun Students Federation, Dehi Mohafiz, Shahbaz (Newspaper), Federal Security Force. Introduction The loss of East Pakistan had caused great demoralization in the country.
  • Pakistan Courting the Abyss by Tilak Devasher

    Pakistan Courting the Abyss by Tilak Devasher

    PAKISTAN Courting the Abyss TILAK DEVASHER To the memory of my mother Late Smt Kantaa Devasher, my father Late Air Vice Marshal C.G. Devasher PVSM, AVSM, and my brother Late Shri Vijay (‘Duke’) Devasher, IAS ‘Press on… Regardless’ Contents Preface Introduction I The Foundations 1 The Pakistan Movement 2 The Legacy II The Building Blocks 3 A Question of Identity and Ideology 4 The Provincial Dilemma III The Framework 5 The Army Has a Nation 6 Civil–Military Relations IV The Superstructure 7 Islamization and Growth of Sectarianism 8 Madrasas 9 Terrorism V The WEEP Analysis 10 Water: Running Dry 11 Education: An Emergency 12 Economy: Structural Weaknesses 13 Population: Reaping the Dividend VI Windows to the World 14 India: The Quest for Parity 15 Afghanistan: The Quest for Domination 16 China: The Quest for Succour 17 The United States: The Quest for Dependence VII Looking Inwards 18 Looking Inwards Conclusion Notes Index About the Book About the Author Copyright Preface Y fascination with Pakistan is not because I belong to a Partition family (though my wife’s family Mdoes); it is not even because of being a Punjabi. My interest in Pakistan was first aroused when, as a child, I used to hear stories from my late father, an air force officer, about two Pakistan air force officers. In undivided India they had been his flight commanders in the Royal Indian Air Force. They and my father had fought in World War II together, flying Hurricanes and Spitfires over Burma and also after the war. Both these officers later went on to head the Pakistan Air Force.
  • 3 Who Is Who and What Is What

    3 Who Is Who and What Is What

    3 e who is who and what is what Ever Success - General Knowledge 4 Saad Book Bank, Lahore Ever Success Revised and Updated GENERAL KNOWLEDGE Who is who? What is what? CSS, PCS, PMS, FPSC, ISSB Police, Banks, Wapda, Entry Tests and for all Competitive Exames and Interviews World Pakistan Science English Computer Geography Islamic Studies Subjectives + Objectives etc. Abbreviations Current Affair Sports + Games Ever Success - General Knowledge 5 Saad Book Bank, Lahore © ALL RIGHTS RESERVED No part of this book may be reproduced In any form, by photostate, electronic or mechanical, or any other means without the written permission of author and publisher. Composed By Muhammad Tahsin Ever Success - General Knowledge 6 Saad Book Bank, Lahore Dedicated To ME Ever Success - General Knowledge 7 Saad Book Bank, Lahore Ever Success - General Knowledge 8 Saad Book Bank, Lahore P R E F A C E I offer my services for designing this strategy of success. The material is evidence of my claim, which I had collected from various resources. I have written this book with an aim in my mind. I am sure this book will prove to be an invaluable asset for learners. I have tried my best to include all those topics which are important for all competitive exams and interviews. No book can be claimed as prefect except Holy Quran. So if you found any shortcoming or mistake, you should inform me, according to your suggestions, improvements will be made in next edition. The author would like to thank all readers and who gave me their valuable suggestions for the completion of this book.
  • The Mirage of Power, by Mubashir Hasan

    The Mirage of Power, by Mubashir Hasan

    The Mirage of Power AN ENQUIRY INTO THE BHUTTO YEARS 1971-1977 BY MUBASHIR HASAN Reproduced By: Sani H. Panhwar Member Sindh Council PPP. CONTENTS About the Author .. .. .. .. .. .. i Preface .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ii Acknowledgements .. .. .. .. .. v 1. The Dramatic Takeover .. .. .. .. .. 1 2. State of the Nation .. .. .. .. .. .. 14 3. Meeting the Challenges (1) .. .. .. .. 22 4. Meeting the Challenges (2) .. .. .. .. 43 5. Restructuring the Economy (1) .. .. .. .. 64 6. Restructuring the Economy (2) .. .. .. .. 85 7. Accords and Discords .. .. .. .. 100 8. All Not Well .. .. .. .. .. .. 120 9. Feeling Free .. .. .. .. .. .. 148 10. The Year of Change .. .. .. .. .. 167 11. All Power to the Establishment .. .. .. .. 187 12. The Losing Battle .. .. .. .. .. .. 199 13. The Battle Lost .. .. .. .. .. .. 209 14. The Economic Legacy .. .. .. .. .. 222 Appendices .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 261 ABOUT THE AUTHOR Dr. Mubashir Hasan is a well known figure in both academic and political circles in Pakistan. A Ph.D. in civil engineering, he served as an irrigation engineer and taught at the engineering university at Lahore. The author's formal entry into politics took place in 1967 when the founding convention of the Pakistan Peoples' Party was held at his residence. He was elected a member of the National Assembly of Pakistan in 1970 and served as Finance Minister in the late Prime Minister Zulfikar Ali Bhutto's Cabinet from 1971-1974. In 1975, he was elected Secretary General of the PPP. Following the promulgation of martial law in 1977, the author was jailed for his political beliefs. Dr. Hasan has written three books, numerous articles, and has spoken extensively on social, economic and political subjects: 2001, Birds of the Indus, (Mubashir Hasan, Tom J.
  • Bhutto a Political Biography.Pdf

    Bhutto a Political Biography.Pdf

    Bhutto a Political Biography By: Salmaan Taseer Reproduced By: Sani Hussain Panhwar Member Sindh Council, PPP Bhutto a Political Biography; Copyright © www.bhutto.org 1 CONTENTS Preface .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 3 1 The Bhuttos of Larkana .. .. .. .. .. .. 6 2 Salad Days .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 18 3 Rake’s Progress .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 28 4 In the Field Marshal’s Service .. .. .. .. .. 35 5 New Directions .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 45 6 War and Peace 1965-6 .. .. .. .. .. .. 54 7 Parting of the Ways .. .. .. .. .. .. 69 8 Reaching for Power .. .. .. .. .. .. 77 9 To the Polls .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 102 10 The Great Tragedy .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 114 11 Reins of Power .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 125 12 Simla .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 134 13 Consolidation .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 147 14 Decline and Fall .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 163 15 The Trial .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 176 16 The Bhutto Conundrum .. .. .. .. .. 194 Select Bibliography .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 206 Bhutto a Political Biography; Copyright © www.bhutto.org 2 PREFACE Zulfikar Ali Bhutto was a political phenomenon. In a country where the majority of politicians have been indistinguishable, grey and quick to compromise, he stalked among them as a Titan. He has been called ‘blackmailer’, ‘opportunist’, ‘Bhutto Khan’ (an undisguised comparison with Pakistan’s military dictators Ayub Khan and Yahya Khan) and ‘His Imperial Majesty the Shahinshah of Pakistan’ by his enemies. Time magazine referred to him as a ‘whiz kid’ on his coming to power in 1971. His supporters called him Takhare Asia’ (The Pride of Asia) and Anthony Howard, writing of him in the New Statesman, London, said ‘arguably the most intelligent and plausibly the best read of the world’s rulers’. Peter Gill wrote of him in the Daily Telegraph, London: ‘At 47, he has become one of the third world’s most accomplished rulers.’ And then later, after a change of heart and Bhutto’s fall from power, he described him as ‘one of nature’s bounders’.
  • In Search of Solutions: the Autobiography of Mir Ghaus Buksh Bizenjo

    In Search of Solutions: the Autobiography of Mir Ghaus Buksh Bizenjo

    In Search of Solutions: The Autobiography Of Mir Ghaus Buksh Bizenjo Edited by B.M. Kutty © 2009, Published by Pakistan Labour Trust and University of Karachi's (KU) Pakistan Study Centre About the Author Statesman, politician and former Governor of Baluchistan, Mir Ghaus Bakhsh Bizenjo was one of the very few leaders of 20th century Indian subcontinent who firmly adhered to the principles of human equality, social justice and peace throughout their political career. While being a firm believer in the right of self-determination of all nations subjected by the colonialist and imperialist forces he never succumbed to negativity of racism and national chauvinism. He was equally critical of all forms of exploitation and discrimination perpetrated upon the working classes and weaker sections of the society by the elites of nations struggling for emancipation from the colonial domination. The autobiography of Mir Ghaus Bakhsh Bizenjo has been compiled meticulously from his notes by B.M. Kutty who was fortunate to have spent a lot of time with Mir Bizenjo as his close associate. The book reveals many hidden aspects of Pakistan’s political history and shows how in difficult times when the country faced complex crises, Mir Bizenjo tried to find principled and pragmatic solutions without succumbing to unrealistic utopian prescriptions or extremist perceptions. The book, it is hoped, would contribute meaningfully to the existing political literature on Pakistan. ___ 2 ___ About the Editor The editor of this book, Mr. Biyyathil Mohyuddin (B.M.) Kutty, has been a political activist throughout his practical life. He is known in the political circles of Pakistan as someone who has excelled in the drafting of the manifestoes, constitutions and resolutions of various progressive political parties and alliances.
  • Political Economy of Conflict the Social Contract and Conflict in Pakistan

    Political Economy of Conflict the Social Contract and Conflict in Pakistan

    Political Economy of Conflict The Social Contract and Conflict in Pakistan De politieke economie van conflicten. Het sociaal contract en het conflict in Pakistan Thesis To obtain the degree of Doctor from the Erasmus University of Rotterdam by command of the Rector Magnificus Professor dr H.G. Schmidt and in accordance with the decision of the Doctorate Board The public defence shall be held on Thursday 11 February 2010 at 16.00 hrs by Syed Aamer Abdullah born at Mardan, Pakistan Doctoral Committee Promotor: Prof. dr. S. M. Murshed Other members: Prof. dr. H.P.R.J. Dorussen, University of Essex Prof. dr. A. S. Bedi Prof. dr. P.A.G. van Bergeijk Acknowledgements Alhamdolillah, all praise to Allah. All my gratitude, to the people below, is an admission of the fact that Allah alone was responsible in making them come my way and in making this study possible. This thesis could not have been possible without the generous funding provided by the Higher Education Commission of Pakistan. Prof. Ata-ur-Rehman deserves praise for envisioning the program which enabled thousands to pursue higher education. My thanks to the organization and its dedicated staff, especially Ishfaq Anwar who was singularly responsible for making my field work possible. I thank Loes Minkman of The Netherlands Organization for International Cooperation in Higher Education (NUFFIC) who was a constant source of support and facilitation during my stay in the Netherlands. I am grateful to the Staff of Peshawar‘s national archives library who treated me like a guest and helped me make the most of four months.
  • BORN to BE HANGED Praise Fo R the Book

    BORN to BE HANGED Praise Fo R the Book

    BORN TO BE HANGED Praise fo r the Book While tracing the making of Zulfikar Ali Bhutto-the most popular leader of his people, Dr Syeda Hameed easily identifies him as a self-destroying character in a Greek tragedy. But the chief merit of this book lies in explaining the factors contributing to his meteoric rise and the unravelling of his mind through a reading of his prison letters with Dr Mubashir Hasan's help, and how Bhutto, with a Janus like posture, tried to build a socialist castle on the fo undation of Islamic ideology. The guardians of vested interest were not duped; they hanged him fo r shaking their throne. An eye-opener fo r students of Pakistan's muddled politics. -I.A. Rehman, Human Rights Activist and Political Analyst, Pakistan Syeda Hameed's labour of love, spanning two decades, has flowered into a vivid portrayal of one of the most intriguing public figures of South Asia -Asif Noorani, Senior Journalist and Author, Pakistan BORN TO BE HANGE POLITICAL BIOGRAPHY OF ZULFIKAR ALI BHUTTO SYEDA HAMEED RUPA Published by Rupa Publications India Pvt. Ltd 2017 7/ 16, Ansari Road, Daryaganj New Delhi 110002 Sales Centres: Allahabad Bcngaluru Chennai Hyderabad Jaipur Kathmandu Kolkata Mumbai Copyright «;l Syeda Hameed 2017 Photo courtesy: Author's collection and Sheba George The views and opinions expressed in this book are the author's own and the facts are as reported by her which have been verified to the extent possible, and the publishers arc not in any way liable for the same. All rights reserved.
  • Politics of Alliances and Its Effects During Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto's Rule In

    Politics of Alliances and Its Effects During Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto's Rule In

    Liberal Arts & Social Sciences International Journal (LASSIJ) eISSN: 2664-8148 (online) https://www.ideapublishers.org/index.php/lassij Vol. 5, No. 1, (January-June 2021): 89-104 Research Article | Original Article https://doi.org/10.47264/idea.lassij/5.1.7 Politics of alliances and its effects during Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto’s rule in Pakistan Ulfat Zahra* | Javed Iqbal Department of History, Faculty of Arts & Humanities, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan. * Correspondence Email: [email protected] Abstract The paper mainly focuses on political alliances during the rule of Zulfiqar Article History Ali Bhutto. This study is based on the opposition’s struggle in the form of political alliances to counter Bhutto's absolute power. The period thus saw Received: the emergence of opposition alliances such as the United Democratic November 3, 2020 Front, the Pakistan National Alliance to organize resistance against Last Revised: Bhutto’s rule. However, this trend has not been limited to opposition’s January 1, 2021 alliances only. At times, the government joined hands with the opposition and major parties to achieve an agreed objective. In this study, a Accepted: descriptive analysis is employed to cover the main theoretical and January 5, 2021 political formations of accords between the opposition and the ruling party. These unnatural alliances between political parties had immense Published: effects on the future political scenario of Pakistan. It has also been April 18, 2021 observed that the opposition’s alliances, left behind their imprints on the history of Pakistan leading to the imposition of martial law in 1977 and changing the course of political events ever since.
  • Pakistan from 1947………………………………………………… 4

    Pakistan from 1947………………………………………………… 4

    (1) (2) IN THE NAME OF ALLAH THE MOST BENEFICENT AND MERCIFUL GENERAL KNOWLEDGE BOOK (A self study reference and practice electronic book for learners) M. FREE Books LATEST EDITION Designed and Compiled by: Niamat ullah zaheer S E E O N D E D I T I O N 2018 All Rights Reserved by the Publishers. Not Alowed to sell or print it or again publish. M A N S O O R S U C C E S S S E R I E S (3) P R E F A C E I voluntarily offer my services for designing this strategy of success. ― Mansoor Success Series General Knowledge 2018 ‖ is material evidence of my claim, which I had collected from various resources, since last few months. I have written this book with an aim in my mind. I am sure this book will prove to be an invaluable asset for learners. I have tried my best to include all those topics which important for competitive exams. No book can be claimed as prefect except Holy Quran. So if you find any shortcoming or mistake, you should inform me, according to your suggestions, improvements will be made in next edition. The author would like to thank all readers and who gave me their valuable suggestions for the completion of this book. Please Share This Book This book is free, but can I ask you to help me with one thing? Please post a link of the book on Facebook, Telegram Twitter and What‘s app to share it with your friends and classmates.
  • Was Bhutto Killed Before Hanging by Sadiq Jafri

    Was Bhutto Killed Before Hanging by Sadiq Jafri

    Was Bhutto killed before hanging? Sadiq Jafri Reproduced By: Sani Hussain Panhwar Member Sindh Council, PPP Was Bhutto Killed before hanging Copyright © www.bhutto.org 1 Dedicated To My son, bahawal, who may see the dawn of freedom of expression, when he grows up. Was Bhutto Killed before hanging Copyright © www.bhutto.org 2 Author’s Note Completing this work was a herculean task given the fierce antagonism of our ubiquitous Intelligence agencies. In fact many developments occurred as this piece was going to the press. For one, shortly before the printing began, an interview, with Murtaza Bhutto was splashed across the pages of the News, covering three pages. After the forceful projection of that interview, it would be an uphill task for me to convince readers about the antecedents --- or the lack of them of the AZO, to the public. It is amid these constraints that I have after all got the work ready for the reader’s consumption. I hope now the credibility of the product of the sweat of my brow shall find favour with all those who seek the truth. Was Bhutto Killed before hanging Copyright © www.bhutto.org 3 Contents Introduction by “Zeno” .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 6 The controversy .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 7 Geri Arbab .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 13 Imprisonment .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 16 Old jail .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 19 Hypothesis .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 21 Gen Chishti .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 25 The lieutenant .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 27 Error .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 33 The jailors .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 37 Roger, Roger, Black Horse Over! .. .. .. .. .. .. 43 Executioners execute execution .. .. .. .. .. .. 52 Finish it !!! .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 54 Top secret .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 56 The burial .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 64 Shaheed Baba .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 68 Janaza .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 74 Eyewitnesses .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 75 The mark .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 76 Justice .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 82 Was Bhutto Killed before hanging Copyright © www.bhutto.org 4 Forensic .
  • The Case of the Pashtun Tribes Mohamed Umer Khan Royal

    The Case of the Pashtun Tribes Mohamed Umer Khan Royal

    Re-emergent Pre-State Substructures: The Case of the Pashtun Tribes Mohamed Umer khan Royal Holloway, University of London Department of Politics & International Relations PhD March 2011 1 Declaration of Authorship I, Mohamed Umer Khan, hereby declare that this thesis and the work presented in it is entirely my own. Where I have consulted the work of others, this is always clearly stated. Signed: ______________________ 2 Abstract This study explores borderlands as a function of the imposition of the post-colonial state upon primary structures of identity, polity and social organisation which may be sub-state, national or trans-state in nature. This imposition, particularly in the postcolonial experience of Asia, manifests itself in incongruence between identities of nation and state, between authority and legitimacy, and between beliefs and systems, each of which is most acutely demonstrated in the dynamic borderlands where the competition for influence between non-state and state centres of political gravity is played out. The instability in borderlands is a product of the re-territorialisation of pre-state primary structures, and the state’s efforts in accommodating, assimilating or suppressing these structures through a combination of militarisation, providing opportunities for greater political enfranchisement, and the structure of trans-borderland economic flows. The Pashtun tribes of the Afghan borderland between Pakistan and Afghanistan are exhibiting a resurgence of autonomy from the state, as part of the re-territorialisation of the primary substructure of Pakhtunkhwa that underlies southern Afghanistan and north-western Pakistan. This phenomenon is localised, tribally driven, and replicated across the entirety of Pakhtunkhwa. It is a product of the pashtunwali mandated autonomy of zai from which every kor, killi and khel derives its security, and through the protection of which each is able to raise its nang, and is able to realise its position within the larger clan or tribe.