DOCSLIB.ORG

In Search of Solutions, Autobiography

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

In Search of Solutions, Copyright © www.panhwar.com In Search of Solutions: The Autobiography Of Mir Ghaus Buksh Bizenjo Edited by: B.M. Kutty Reproduced by: Sani H. Panhwar (2014) In Search of Solutions, Copyright © www.panhwar.com About the Author Statesman, politician and former Governor of Baluchistan, Mir Ghaus Bakhsh Bizenjo was one of the very few leaders of 20th century Indian subcontinent who firmly adhered to the principles of human equality, social justice and peace throughout their political career. While being a firm believer in the right of self-determination of all nations subjected by the colonialist and imperialist forces he never succumbed to negativity of racism and national chauvinism. He was equally critical of all forms of exploitation and discrimination perpetrated upon the working classes and weaker sections of the society by the elites of nations struggling for emancipation from the colonial domination. The autobiography of Mir Ghaus Bakhsh Bizenjo has been compiled meticulously from his notes by B.M. Kutty who was fortunate to have spent a lot of time with Mir Bizenjo as his close associate. The book reveals many hidden aspects of Pakistan’s political history and shows how in difficult times when the country faced complex crises, Mir Bizenjo tried to find principled and pragmatic solutions without succumbing to unrealistic utopian prescriptions or extremist perceptions. The book, it is hoped, would contribute meaningfully to the existing political literature on Pakistan. In Search of Solutions, Copyright © www.panhwar.com About the Editor The editor of this book, Mr. Biyyathil Mohyuddin (B.M.) Kutty, has been a political activist throughout his practical life. He is known in the political circles of Pakistan as someone who has excelled in the drafting of the manifestoes, constitutions and resolutions of various progressive political parties and alliances. Born on 15 July 1931, in Tirur, near Calicut, Kerala State, in India, he migrated to Pakistan in 1949. Apart from working in a few commercial organizations in his early years in Pakistan, Mr. Kutty was associated in the 1960s and 1970s with economic journals like Trade and Industry and Finance and Industry (later on, Pakistan Economist). Since 1989, he is associated with Pakistan Institute of Labour Education and Research (PILER). Mr. B.M. Kutty started his political life in the 1940s as an active member of Kerala Students Federation. Between 1950 and 1957, he was associated with the Azad Pakistan Party in Lahore and later with Pakistan Awami League in Karachi. From 1957 to 1975 he was actively involved in the politics of National Awami Party. After NAP was banned in 1975, he worked with the National Democratic Party till 1979 and from 1979 to 1997, with the Pakistan National Party. Since 1998, he is associated with National Workers Party as its Central Information Secretary. He also served as the Joint Secretary-General of the Movement for Restoration of Democracy (MRD) for three years. Mr. B.M. Kutty is also an active member of the Peace movement. He has widely travelled in different continents. He has also written a number of articles in periodicals and newspapers, and has also authored a book Lenin and the Changing World – Yesterday, Today, Tomorrow. In Search of Solutions, Copyright © www.panhwar.com Expression of Gratitude I am indebted to a number of my friends, who hold late Mir Ghous Bakhsh Bizenjo in high esteem and had worked with him and drawn inspiration from his leadership, for prompting me to make this modest contribution to the political history of Pakistan - indirectly though - by translating and editing the randomly written notes of late Mir Ghous Bakhsh Bizenjo. My long time friend and colleague Karamat Ali not only egged me on to undertake this task but doggedly pursued me till I finished it. I am obliged to him for minutely going through the manuscript and pointing out the inadvertent lapses on my part. There is a long list of friends with whom I have worked in political parties for long periods and to whom I am obliged for prodding me so often since Mir Sahib’s death in 1989 to compile and publish his memoirs. As they are too many, I will mention the names of only a few of them here: Dr. M.A. Mehboob, Yusuf Mustikhan, Baji Naseem Shameem Malik, Tahira Mazhar Ali Khan, Lal Bakhsh Rind, Akhtar Hussain, Zafar Malik, Shah Muhammad Shah, Dr. Abdul Hakim Lehri, Syed Zahid Gardezi, Hyder Abbas Gardezi, Usman Baluch and five friends who are no more - Shameem Ashraf Malik, Dr. Sher Afzal Malik, Aijaz Ali Jatoi, Lala Gul Muhmamad and Rasheed Baluch. Then, there are members of Mir Sahib’s family, who have also been actively associated with his politics and are still in the field – his sons Mir Bizen (former MNA), Mir Hasil Khan (former MNA and currently Senator) and their cousin and former Senator Mir Tahir Bizenjo, who encouraged me in my work and also provided me some precious old photographs. I also owe thanks to my younger daughter Shazia Mohyuddin and grand daughters Hafsa Jawaid and Mazia Jawaid for helping me out at the computer in doing a large part of the typing work and fixing of photographs etc., despite their tight university schedules and providing me the badly needed buck-up. I am also grateful to my colleagues at PILER – Dr. Aly Ercelan, Zulfiqar Shah, Sharafat Ali and Zeenat Hissam for the moral support they extended to me while I was working on this project. My thanks are also due to young Abbas Haider at PILER whose help was available for the asking whenever I had trouble with the computer settings. I should also express my gratitude to Alia Amirali, who made some very useful suggestions and helped in the preliminary formatting of the manuscript. And last but most important, I thank Dr. Syed Jaffar Ahmed, Director, Pakistan Study Centre, University of Karachi, for the final formatting and preparing of the manuscript for print and publication through the Centre. Thanks are also due to PILER and Pakistan Labour Trust for providing the financial support. B.M. Kutty In Search of Solutions, Copyright © www.panhwar.com Editor’s Note My personal contact with late Mir Ghous Bakhsh Bizenjo (I will call him Mir Sahib from here on) dates back to mid-nineteen fifties. I was a member of the working committee of Pakistan Awami League’s Karachi Chapter since 1955 and worked with late Mahmudul Huq Usmani who was the Secretary General of the Party. Though Awami League had its office at Pakistan Chowk, a short distance from the DJ Science College, Usmani Sahib’s residence at 352, Nazareth Road, Garden East, Karachi remained round-the-clock meeting point of all and sundry in the Party– from top leaders to ordinary workers. Activists of other parties also visited the place from time to time. Thanks to Usmani Sahib’s exceptional hospitality, his house was something like a family home for everyone who walked in. Almost every evening after office hours (I was employed with a Pak-German joint venture company) and on Sundays and holidays, I used to spend a good amount of time at Usmani Sahib’s house, assisting him in drafting his political statements and reports, taking notes of meetings and discussions and attending to other party-related work. On a few occasions Mir Sahib, who was in those days the General Secretary of Ustaman Gul (the successor of Kalat State National Party) also came to see Usmani Sahib, providing me the opportunity to know him better. In 1956, the regional nationalist parties of West Paksitan merged to form the Pakistan National Party. It also included Ustaman Gul. In 1957 the Awami League split due to inner party differences on foreign policy. Usmani Sahib, along with Maulana Bhashani and their supporters, quit the Awami League and merged with Pakistan National Party to form the National Awami Party (NAP). Usmani Sahib was elected Secretary General of the new Party. I continued to work with him in the new Party till I was transferred by my Company to Lahore in early nineteen fifty seven. I remained connected with NAP in Lahore. NAP had a couple of members in the West Pakistan Assembly. They raised the issue of dissolution of One Unit inside the Assembly while Mir Sahib and other NAP leaders carried on the agitation outside the Assembly at public forums. NAP leaders from all parts of West Pakistan very often visited Lahore to interact with Assembly members. Most such meetings used to take place at the MPA Lodge on Egerton Road or in the Nedou’s Hotel. Here I got the chance to get acquainted with G.M. Syed, Sheikh Abdul Majid Sindhi and other NAP leaders from Sindh. Mir Sahib also visited Lahore a couple of times. Then suddenly time stopped still for politics in Pakistan. Martial Law, abrogation of constitution, banning of political parties and curbs on the media and mass arrests of political leaders and workers. All of us were in jail for the next couple of years. I was arrested in April 1959 from Karachi, where I had arrived on some official company work and was detained in the Central jail for over a year before I was transferred to Lahore District jail on the orders of the West Pakistan High Court. During my internment in Lahore District jail, my co-prisoner was ‘Shahzada’ Agha Abdul Karim of Kalat. He had been temporarily shifted to Lahore from Haripur Jail where he was undergoing ten years’ imprisonment. He was a very interesting person and good company in jail. From him I got some new glimpses of Baluchistan and its leaders.
Recommended publications
  • Current Affairs August 2016

    Current Affairs August 2016

    VISION IAS www.visionias.in CURRENT AFFAIRS AUGUST 2016 Copyright © by Vision IAS All rights are reserved. No part of this document may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior permission of Vision IAS. 1 www.visionias.in ©Vision IAS TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. POLITY ___________________________________________________________________________ 7 1.1. Urban Governance: Directly Elected Mayors ________________________________________________ 7 1.2. Competitive Federalism _________________________________________________________________ 8 1.3. Issues Related to Regulatory Bodies in India ________________________________________________ 9 1.4. Demand for Special Category Status ______________________________________________________ 11 1.5. Pendency of Cases in Courts in India ______________________________________________________ 12 1.6. ECI Seeks More Powers ________________________________________________________________ 13 1.7. Monsoon Session of Parliament-Assessment _______________________________________________ 14 1.8. The Citizenship (Amendment) Bill, 2016 ___________________________________________________ 14 1.9. Institutes of Technology (Amendment) Bill, 2016 ___________________________________________ 15 1.10. The Lokpal and Lokayuktas (Amendment) Bill, 2016 ________________________________________ 16 1.11. Saurashtra Narmada Avtaran Irrigation (SAUNI) Project _____________________________________ 16 1.12. Reservation
  • Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto and Confrontationist Power Politics in Pakistan : JRSP, Vol

    Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto and Confrontationist Power Politics in Pakistan : JRSP, Vol

    Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto and Confrontationist Power Politics in Pakistan : JRSP, Vol. 58, No 2 (April-June 2021) Ulfat Zahra Javed Iqbal Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto and the Beginning of Confrontationist Power Politics in Pakistan 1971-1977 Abstract: This paper mainly explores the genesis of power politics in Pakistan during 1971-1977. The era witnessed political disorders that the country had experienced after the tragic event of the separation of East Pakistan. Bhutto’s desire for absolute power and his efforts to introduce a system that would make him the main force in power alienated both, the opposition and his colleagues and supporters. Instead of a democratic stance on competitive policies, he adopted an authoritarian style and confronted the National People's Party, leading to an era characterized by power politics and personality clashes between the stalwarts of the time. This mutual distrust between Bhutto and the opposition - led to a coalition of diverse political groups in the opposition, forming alliances such as the United Democratic Front and the Pakistan National Alliance to counter Bhutto's attempts of establishing a sort of civilian dictatorship. This study attempts to highlight the main theoretical and political implications of power politics between the ruling PPP and the opposition parties which left behind deep imprints on the history of Pakistan leading to the imposition of martial law in 1977. If the political parties tackle the situation with harmony, a firm democracy can establish in Pakistan. Keywords: Pakhtun Students Federation, Dehi Mohafiz, Shahbaz (Newspaper), Federal Security Force. Introduction The loss of East Pakistan had caused great demoralization in the country.
  • Dr. Himayatullah Yaqubi Assistant Professor Department of History Quaid-I-Azam University Islamabad

    Dr. Himayatullah Yaqubi Assistant Professor Department of History Quaid-I-Azam University Islamabad

    Mir Ghous Bakhsh Bizenjo: The Evolution of a Leftist Politician in Balochistan: JSRP, VOl.57, Issue 2(July-Dec 2020) Himayatullah Yaqubi Iftikhar Ahmad Mir Ghous Bakhsh Bizenjo: The Evolution of a Leftist Politician in Balochistan Abstract Political landscape of Balochistan has always been marred by ethnic and progressive issues. Ranging from provincial autonomy to separatist movements, Balochistan has been largely an integrated unit of the federation of Pakistan. It produced variety of leaders who propagated ethnic Baloch interests with clear leftist and progressive outlook in politics. Mir Ghaus Bakhsh Bizenjo was among those politicians in Balochistan who upheld ideas of fraternity, human dignity, and liberal democratic principles. Some of the author has mentioned that he was a formal member of the Communist Party of Pakistan. Coming from politically less-exposed society, he carved out a place for himself on national level during Pakistan first decade after independence. This article traces the political career of Bizenjo from the time of pre-1947 India. He remained active in the politics of the Kalat State spreading anti- imperial, leftist and anti-Khan ideas. The study investigates the principles and the techniques he followed in the political milieu of Balochistan and Pakistan. It analyses the ethnic discourse, his reservations on the issues related to Balochistan and the role he played on national level. It would have also been explored that why he was arrested by the successive regimes and what charges were brought against him. The article explores that how the evolution of a leftist-cum-regionalist politician took place with convincingly nationalist political bearings.
  • Pakistan Courting the Abyss by Tilak Devasher

    Pakistan Courting the Abyss by Tilak Devasher

    PAKISTAN Courting the Abyss TILAK DEVASHER To the memory of my mother Late Smt Kantaa Devasher, my father Late Air Vice Marshal C.G. Devasher PVSM, AVSM, and my brother Late Shri Vijay (‘Duke’) Devasher, IAS ‘Press on… Regardless’ Contents Preface Introduction I The Foundations 1 The Pakistan Movement 2 The Legacy II The Building Blocks 3 A Question of Identity and Ideology 4 The Provincial Dilemma III The Framework 5 The Army Has a Nation 6 Civil–Military Relations IV The Superstructure 7 Islamization and Growth of Sectarianism 8 Madrasas 9 Terrorism V The WEEP Analysis 10 Water: Running Dry 11 Education: An Emergency 12 Economy: Structural Weaknesses 13 Population: Reaping the Dividend VI Windows to the World 14 India: The Quest for Parity 15 Afghanistan: The Quest for Domination 16 China: The Quest for Succour 17 The United States: The Quest for Dependence VII Looking Inwards 18 Looking Inwards Conclusion Notes Index About the Book About the Author Copyright Preface Y fascination with Pakistan is not because I belong to a Partition family (though my wife’s family Mdoes); it is not even because of being a Punjabi. My interest in Pakistan was first aroused when, as a child, I used to hear stories from my late father, an air force officer, about two Pakistan air force officers. In undivided India they had been his flight commanders in the Royal Indian Air Force. They and my father had fought in World War II together, flying Hurricanes and Spitfires over Burma and also after the war. Both these officers later went on to head the Pakistan Air Force.
  • Bugti and the Baloch Cause

    Bugti and the Baloch Cause

    Letter from South Asia His government, Musharraf can claim with some justification, has increased public Bugti and the Baloch Cause investment in Balochistan manifold – mainly in the construction of a new port close to The killing of Akbar Bugti, the rebellious tribal chief and leader of the Persian Gulf at Gwadar, national high- ways linking that port with other parts of the the Baloch nationalist Jamhoori Watan Party by state security country, and other supporting infrastructure. forces in his mountain hideout marks an important watershed in All of these developments threaten the hold the troubled history of relations between the Baloch political that the tribal chiefs have over their people and the rebellion is a futile last-ditch attempt movements, the colonial British Indian empire and at stopping change. Akbar Bugti was “fixed”, the post-colonial Pakistani state. The circumstances leading up to and according to initial reports he indeed did his death and the events following after also reveal something not know what hit him – the latter being an about the contradictions within the establishment. allusion to advanced rocket navigation tech- nology allegedly used by the security forces against the tribal insurgents. HARIS GAZDAR There was a strong reaction also in the poor The problem with Musharraf’s colonial working class slums of old Karachi as well narrative on Balochistan, however, is that he killing of Nawab Akbar Khan as other Baloch neighbourhoods and urban there are many even in the Pakistani main- Bugti, the rebellious octogenarian villages around the city. For many of the stream who simply do not believe it.
  • Pakistan: the Worsening Conflict in Balochistan

    Pakistan: the Worsening Conflict in Balochistan

    PAKISTAN: THE WORSENING CONFLICT IN BALOCHISTAN Asia Report N°119 – 14 September 2006 TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS................................................. i I. INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................... 1 II. CENTRALISED RULE AND BALOCH RESISTANCE ............................................ 2 A. A TROUBLED HISTORY .........................................................................................................3 B. RETAINING THE MILITARY OPTION .......................................................................................4 C. A DEMOCRATIC INTERLUDE..................................................................................................6 III. BACK TO THE BEGINNING ...................................................................................... 7 A. CENTRALISED POWER ...........................................................................................................7 B. OUTBREAK AND DIRECTIONS OF CONFLICT...........................................................................8 C. POLITICAL ACTORS...............................................................................................................9 D. BALOCH MILITANTS ...........................................................................................................12 IV. BALOCH GRIEVANCES AND DEMANDS ............................................................ 13 A. POLITICAL AUTONOMY .......................................................................................................13
  • The Thistle and the Drone

    The Thistle and the Drone

    AKBAR AHMED HOW AMERICA’S WAR ON TERROR BECAME A GLOBAL WAR ON TRIBAL ISLAM n the wake of the 9/11 attacks, the United States declared war on terrorism. More than ten years later, the results are decidedly mixed. Here world-renowned author, diplomat, and scholar Akbar Ahmed reveals an important yet largely ignored result of this war: in many nations it has exacerbated the already broken relationship between central I governments and the largely rural Muslim tribal societies on the peripheries of both Muslim and non-Muslim nations. The center and the periphery are engaged in a mutually destructive civil war across the globe, a conflict that has been intensified by the war on terror. Conflicts between governments and tribal societies predate the war on terror in many regions, from South Asia to the Middle East to North Africa, pitting those in the centers of power against those who live in the outlying provinces. Akbar Ahmed’s unique study demonstrates that this conflict between the center and the periphery has entered a new and dangerous stage with U.S. involvement after 9/11 and the deployment of drones, in the hunt for al Qaeda, threatening the very existence of many tribal societies. American firepower and its vast anti-terror network have turned the war on terror into a global war on tribal Islam. And too often the victims are innocent children at school, women in their homes, workers simply trying to earn a living, and worshipers in their mosques. Bat- tered by military attacks or drone strikes one day and suicide bombers the next, the tribes bemoan, “Every day is like 9/11 for us.” In The Thistle and the Drone, the third vol- ume in Ahmed’s groundbreaking trilogy examin- ing relations between America and the Muslim world, the author draws on forty case studies representing the global span of Islam to demon- strate how the U.S.
  • Makran in the Democratic Process of the Elections in Pakistan Social Sciences and Humanities

    Makran in the Democratic Process of the Elections in Pakistan Social Sciences and Humanities

    - 377 - Bi-Annual Research Journal “BALOCHISTAN REVIEW” ISSN 1810-2174 Balochistan Study Centre, University of Balochistan, Quetta (Pakistan) VOL. XXXVI NO. 1, 2017 Makran in the Democratic Process of the Elections in Pakistan Social Sciences and Humanities Mumtaz Ali1, Dr. Muhammad Alam2 Abstract Elections are the part of democratic society which needs to run and promote the democratic values and system. As far as Makran is concerned it is quite clear that this region always remained political and democratic. This society is structured on kinship basis. All decisions are made at household level and no tribal structure is present to make collective decision. Communal leadership is a function of aged people in the community. In this article, I will analyze the electoral behaviours of the people of Makran, and then compare the different election results of Makran region. Key words: Democratic Process, Electoral Behaviour, Electoral Politics, Legislative Body, Makran Introduction Balochistan is a largest province of Pakistan. It is spread over 347000 km, and divided into 8 divisions. Every division has different history during the election process. One important division of Balochistan is Makran. This division consists of three districts Panjgur, Kech and Gwadar. This division performed a different role in every election than other parts of Balochistan. Makran actively participated in every local, provincial and national election and changed its representatives from time to time. On the other hand the rest of Balochistan mostly continued the hereditary system of the representatives. Elections Modern nations have big states with huge territories and populations. It is really impossible for the public of such states to gather at one place for political matters.
  • Balochistan Economic Report Background Paper on Social Structures and Migration

    Balochistan Economic Report Background Paper on Social Structures and Migration

    First Draft - Do Not Cite TA4757-PAK: BALOCHISTAN ECONOMIC REPORT Balochistan Economic Report Background Paper on Social Structures and Migration Haris Gazdar 28 February 2007 Collective for Social Science Research 173-I Block 2, PECHS, Karachi 75400, Pakistan [email protected] The author gratefully acknowledges research assistance provided by Azmat Ali Budhani, Sohail Javed, Hussain Bux Mallah, and Noorulain Masood. Irfan Khan provided guidance with resource material and advised on historical references. Introduction Compared with other provinces of Pakistan, and Pakistan taken as a whole, Balochistan’s economic and social development appears to face particularly daunting challenges. The province starts from a relatively low level – in terms of social achievements such as health, education and gender equity indicators, economic development and physical infrastructure. The fact that Balochistan covers nearly half of the land area of Pakistan while accounting for only a twentieth of the country’s population is a stark enough reminder that any understanding of the province’s economic and social development will need to pay attention to its geographical and demographic peculiarities. Indeed, remoteness, environmental fragility and geographical diversity might be viewed as defining the context of development in the province. But interestingly, Balochistan’s geography might also be its main economic resource. The low population density implies that the province enjoys a potentially high value of natural resources per person. The forbidding topography is home to rich mineral deposits – some of which have been explored and exploited while yet others remain to be put to economic use. The land mass of the province endows Pakistan with a strategic space that might shorten trade and travel costs between emerging economic regions.
  • Mehran Accuses Pakistan of Following Hitler's Policy in Balochistan Ahmar Mustikhan the Examiner 21 September 2012

    Mehran Accuses Pakistan of Following Hitler's Policy in Balochistan Ahmar Mustikhan the Examiner 21 September 2012

    Mehran accuses Pakistan of following Hitler's policy in Balochistan Ahmar Mustikhan The Examiner 21 September 2012 A voice of sanity from Balochistan, who is highly respected by Pakistan President Asif Ali Zardari, profusely thanked the U.N. Working Group on Enforced or Involuntary Disappearance for visiting Balochistan. Speaking at the U.N. Human rights Council, Mehran Baluch, who is the youngest son of veteran leader Nawab Khair Bakhsh Marri, thanked Rapporteur chair Professor Olivier de Frouville and Professor Osman El-Hajje, who Thursday concluded a 10-day fact finding mission to Pakistan, with special focus on Balochistan. "Balochistan, as many in this council are fully aware, is today the world capital of enforced disappearances," Mehran Baluch told the premier Human Rights Council. He said these enforced disappearances in Balochistan pose the most serious challenge to the rights and freedoms promised by the U.N. to peoples of the world under Item 3. Mehran Baluch, who says that he was first sent to the U.N. by former Balochistan chief minister Sardar Ataullah Mengal, is widely respected as he has said Baloch militants do not have the right to become judge, jury and executioner. "I am sad to inform this council the chief judge of Pakistan refused to meet the U.N. team under the pretext that the issue was being heard in the Pakistani Supreme Court," Mehran Baluch said about request made by the Working Group on Enforced or Involuntary Disappearance for a meeting with the chief justice of Pakistan, Justice Iftikhar Chaudhry. "As if to add insult to injury, a second judge justice retired Javed Iqbal reportedly told the U.N.
  • 3 Who Is Who and What Is What

    3 Who Is Who and What Is What

    3 e who is who and what is what Ever Success - General Knowledge 4 Saad Book Bank, Lahore Ever Success Revised and Updated GENERAL KNOWLEDGE Who is who? What is what? CSS, PCS, PMS, FPSC, ISSB Police, Banks, Wapda, Entry Tests and for all Competitive Exames and Interviews World Pakistan Science English Computer Geography Islamic Studies Subjectives + Objectives etc. Abbreviations Current Affair Sports + Games Ever Success - General Knowledge 5 Saad Book Bank, Lahore © ALL RIGHTS RESERVED No part of this book may be reproduced In any form, by photostate, electronic or mechanical, or any other means without the written permission of author and publisher. Composed By Muhammad Tahsin Ever Success - General Knowledge 6 Saad Book Bank, Lahore Dedicated To ME Ever Success - General Knowledge 7 Saad Book Bank, Lahore Ever Success - General Knowledge 8 Saad Book Bank, Lahore P R E F A C E I offer my services for designing this strategy of success. The material is evidence of my claim, which I had collected from various resources. I have written this book with an aim in my mind. I am sure this book will prove to be an invaluable asset for learners. I have tried my best to include all those topics which are important for all competitive exams and interviews. No book can be claimed as prefect except Holy Quran. So if you found any shortcoming or mistake, you should inform me, according to your suggestions, improvements will be made in next edition. The author would like to thank all readers and who gave me their valuable suggestions for the completion of this book.
  • The Mirage of Power, by Mubashir Hasan

    The Mirage of Power, by Mubashir Hasan

    The Mirage of Power AN ENQUIRY INTO THE BHUTTO YEARS 1971-1977 BY MUBASHIR HASAN Reproduced By: Sani H. Panhwar Member Sindh Council PPP. CONTENTS About the Author .. .. .. .. .. .. i Preface .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ii Acknowledgements .. .. .. .. .. v 1. The Dramatic Takeover .. .. .. .. .. 1 2. State of the Nation .. .. .. .. .. .. 14 3. Meeting the Challenges (1) .. .. .. .. 22 4. Meeting the Challenges (2) .. .. .. .. 43 5. Restructuring the Economy (1) .. .. .. .. 64 6. Restructuring the Economy (2) .. .. .. .. 85 7. Accords and Discords .. .. .. .. 100 8. All Not Well .. .. .. .. .. .. 120 9. Feeling Free .. .. .. .. .. .. 148 10. The Year of Change .. .. .. .. .. 167 11. All Power to the Establishment .. .. .. .. 187 12. The Losing Battle .. .. .. .. .. .. 199 13. The Battle Lost .. .. .. .. .. .. 209 14. The Economic Legacy .. .. .. .. .. 222 Appendices .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 261 ABOUT THE AUTHOR Dr. Mubashir Hasan is a well known figure in both academic and political circles in Pakistan. A Ph.D. in civil engineering, he served as an irrigation engineer and taught at the engineering university at Lahore. The author's formal entry into politics took place in 1967 when the founding convention of the Pakistan Peoples' Party was held at his residence. He was elected a member of the National Assembly of Pakistan in 1970 and served as Finance Minister in the late Prime Minister Zulfikar Ali Bhutto's Cabinet from 1971-1974. In 1975, he was elected Secretary General of the PPP. Following the promulgation of martial law in 1977, the author was jailed for his political beliefs. Dr. Hasan has written three books, numerous articles, and has spoken extensively on social, economic and political subjects: 2001, Birds of the Indus, (Mubashir Hasan, Tom J.