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Later Mughals Bhadur Shah-1(1707-1712) • Peace with Guru Gobind Singh • Released Shahu,Granted Sardeshmukhi to Marthas

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Later Mughals Bhadur Shah-1(1707-1712) • Peace with Guru Gobind Singh • Released Shahu,Granted Sardeshmukhi to Marthas Later Mughals Bhadur Shah-1(1707-1712) • Peace with Guru Gobind Singh Shah Alam-2(1759-06) • Released Shahu,Granted Sardeshmukhi to • 1761-Battle of Panipat -3 Marthas • 1764 –battle of buxar • Defeated Banda Bahadur Jahandar Shah(1712-13) Bahadur Shah(1837-62) • Ascended with the help of Zulfikar Khan • Confined only to red fort • Abolished Jiziya • Proclaimed Emperor in 1857 Farrukh Siyar (1713-1719) • Sayyid Brothers(King makers) Muhammad Shah(1719-1748) • Rangeela Khan • Nadir Shah Raided India ,Peacock Throne • Independent Kingdoms • Hyderabad(Nizam-ul-Mulk) • Bengal(Murshid Quli Khan) • Awadh(Saddat Khan) www.classmateacademy.com 1 www.classmateacademy.com 2 www.classmateacademy.com 3 www.classmateacademy.com 4 Carnatic Wars: European rivalries enter India. France nationalizes French India Company. www.classmateacademy.com 5 Robert Clive - an officer at the East India Company has grand plans. www.classmateacademy.com 6 In 1756, the new Nawab of Bengal captures Calcutta from the Company. The Black Hole of Calcutta - where the Nawab held English prisoners creates huge flutter in England. www.classmateacademy.com 7 1757: Battle of Plassey Clive buys out Bengali aristocrats: Jagat Seth & Mir Jafar www.classmateacademy.com 8 The Consolidation of English Rule Battle of Plassey-1757 English (Robert Clive) Vs Nawab of Bengal (Siraj-ud-Daula) Marathas • • Mir Jafar First Anglo-Maratha war-1775-82 • • Mir Qasim Treaty of Bassein Battle of Buxar-1764 Peshwa Baji Rao-2 and English • English(Munro) Vs Mir Qasim,Shuja-ud-Daula Second Anglo-maratha war-1803-05 • ,Shah Alam Last Anglo Mysore war 1817-19 • Treaty of Allahabad -1765 • Grant of Diwani-Dual Government Mysore(1761-1799) Sikhs • Hyder Ali Founder 13 Misls (Sukcheria ) • First Mysore War-1767 • 1801 comes to power Treaty of Madras Treaty of Amritsar-1809 • Second Mysore war-1780 First Anglo Sikh war-1845 Treaty of Mangalore • Treaty of Lahore • Third Mysore war-1790-92 Second Anglo Sikh war -1848-49 Tipu vs English,Marathas,Nizam Treaty of Seringapatnam • Fourth Mysore war -1799 www.classmateacademy.com 9 By 1800, the only impediment to the Company was a loose confederation of Marathas. www.classmateacademy.com 10 Tippu Sultan of Mysore uses Rocket Warfare for the first time in human history. The defeat of his ally Napoleon in Waterloo messes up with his plan. www.classmateacademy.com 11 Most Indian kingdoms slowly fall, unable to tackle the industrial prowess of the Company Ahom kingdom Sikh Empire 1226-1820 1799-1849 www.classmateacademy.com 12 1772: Capital shifted to Calcutta by Warren Hastings www.classmateacademy.com 13 Company Rule Begins(1757-1857) Stages of Colonialism Land Revenue Settlements First stage of Mercantilism(1757-1813) Zamindari system • Monopoly of Trade • Lord Cornwallis-1793,Bengal • Direct Seizure of Power Bihar,N.Circars. Second stage of Laizze Fairism (1813- Royatwari system 1860) • Sir Thomas Munro-1820, • Colony made sub-ordinate trading • Elphinstone-Madras partner which would export raw Mahalwari Syatem materials and import manufactured • Zamindari +Royatwari goods • William Bentick-Regulation • Transformation of all aspects under the • R.M Bird-Father of Land guise of development and Settlement in Northern India. modernization Third Stage OF Finance Imperialism(1860- 1947) • Export of capital by imperial countries to colonies • Intense struggle among industrialized countries for new markets . www.classmateacademy.com 14 www.classmateacademy.com 15 GOVERNORS-GENERAL AND VICEROYS OF INDIA:SIGNIFICANT EVENTS IN THEIR RULE Warren Hastings 1773-1785 • Regulating Act of 1773. • Pitt’s India Act of 1784 • The First Maratha War in 1775-85 and the Treaty of Salbai in 1782. • Second Mysore War in 1780-84. • Foundation of the Asiatic Society of Bengal (1784) Lord Cornwallis 1786-1793 • Third Mysore War (1790-92) and Treaty of Seringapatam (1792). • Cornwallis Code (1793) incorporating several judicial reforms, and separation of revenue administration and civil jurisdiction. • Permanent Settlement of Bengal, • Europeanisation of administrative machinery and introduction of civil services. Lord Wellesley 1798-1805 • Introduction of the Subsidiary Alliance System (1798); first alliance with Nizam of Hyderabad. • Fourth Mysore War (1799). • Second Maratha War (1803-05). • Treaty of Bassein (1802). www.classmateacademy.com 16 Consequences of Company Rule Millions perish in dozens of famines. www.classmateacademy.com 17 Lord Minto I 1807-1813 • Treaty of Amritsar with Ranjit Singh (1809). Lord Hastings 1813-1823 • Anglo-Nepal War (1814-16) and the Treaty of Sagauli, 1816. • Third Maratha War (1817-19) and dissolution of Maratha Confederacy; creation of Bombay Presidency (1818). • Establishment of Ryotwari System by Thomas Munro, governor of Madras (1820). Lord Amherst 1823-1828 • First Burmese War (1824-1826). Lord William Bentinck 1828-1835 • Abolition of sati and other cruel rites (1829). • Suppression of thugi (1830). • Charter Act of 1833 • Resolution of 1835, and educational reforms and introduction of English as the official language. Lord Metcalfe 1835-1836 • New press law removing restrictions on the press in India. www.classmateacademy.com 18 Lord Dalhousie 1848-1856 • Introduction of the Doctrine of Lapse and annexation of Satara (1848), Jaitpur and Sambhalpur (1849), Udaipur (1852), Jhansi (1853), Nagpur (1854) and Awadh (1856). • “Wood’s (Charles Wood, President of the Board of Control)Educational Despatch” of 1854 and opening of Anglo-vernacular schools and government colleges.(1857 universities) • Railway Minute of 1853; and laying down of first railway line connecting Bombay and Thane in 1853. • Telegraph (4000 miles of telegraph lines to connect Calcutta with Bombay, Madras and Peshawar) and postal (Post Office Act, 1854) reforms • Ganges canal declared open (1854); establishment of separate Public works department in every province. • Widow Remarriage Act (1856) www.classmateacademy.com 19 www.classmateacademy.com 20 Some positives: Social Reforms takes off too. Raja Ram Mohan Roy (father of modern India) and others lead social reforms in India to abolish Sati (Widow burning) and allow widow remarriage. www.classmateacademy.com 21 Religious and Social Reform Movements Betterment of Position of Women Degraded position due to Legislative Measures for Women • Purdah system • Bengal Regulation (1829) banning sati • Early marriage • Bengal Regulations (1795, 1804)- • Lack of education declaring infanticide illegal. • Unequal rights in marriage, divorce, • Hindu Widow’s Remarriage Act, 1856. inheritance • Age of Consent Act, 1891 • Polygamy • Sarda Act, 1930 • Female infanticide • Restrictions on widow remarriage • Sati • STRUGGLE AGAINST CASTE- BASED EXPLOITATION • Factors Undermining Caste Rigidities Forces unleashed by colonial administration • Social reform movements National movement Gandhi’s campaign against untouchability Stirrings among lower castes due to better education and employment www.classmateacademy.comFree India’s Constitution 22 Personality Magazine/paper/Institution Organisation Bengal Raja Ram Mohan Roy • The precepts of Jesus : A guide to • (1815)Atmiya (Raja title given by Shah Alam-2) Happiness and peace. sabha(Monotheism and evil • Tuhfat-ul-Muwahiddin(Islam) practices of Hinduism) • Sabad kaumundi (sati) • Brahmo Samaj (1828) to purify • Hindu College(1817) Hinduism and Preach • Vedanta college(1825) monotheism Debendranath Tagore • Indian Mirror Tatvabodhinisabhaand Tatvabodhini Patrika Brahmo samaj(1843) Later Adi-Brahmo Samaj Keshub Chandra sen • Indian reform Association (1870) Brahmo samaj of India(1866) • Native marriage act (1872)male- 18yrs ,Female-14 yrs AnandMohan Bose SadharanaBrahmoSamaj(1878) www.classmateacademy.com 23 Derozio Hindu college Young Bengal Movement Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar Sanskrit college(Prin) Widow remarriage act(1856). Bethune Schools Barnay Parichoy (Bengali Classic) Swami Vivekananda Prabudha bharat(eng) Ramakrishna math(1886) Udbodhana(Ben) Ramakrishna Mission(1897) Dayanand Saraswati Satyarth Prakash(Hin) Arya Samaj(1875- Back to Vedas Veda Bhasya Bombay) (Sanskrit) Gurukula Section- Swaami shradananda College section-Lala lajpat rai(DAV schools) www.classmateacademy.com 24 Western India Atmaram Panduran Prarthana Samaj MG Ranade,RG Bhandarkar Jyotibaphule SarvajaniksatyaDharma Satyashodhak Samaj(1873) Ghulamgiri(Dalit) (widow remarriage,female infanticide ) Gopal Hari Deshmukh Prabhakarunder • IF RELIGION DOES NOT (Lokahitawadi) SANCTION SOCIAL REFORMS CHANGE THE RELIGION Bal Shastri Jambekar Darpan GopalKrishna Gokhale Servants of India NM JOSHI Social Service league,AITUC(1920) Shiva Narayan Agnihotri Deva shaastra Deva samaj M.G Ranade Indian Social Conference(1887) www.classmateacademy.com 25 MUslims TMadame Blavatsky,MS olcott Theosophical movement Annie Beasant -1898 Central Hindu College-1898 Sri Narayan Guru Temple Entry, Government Sri Narayana Dharma One caste One god One Jobs Paripalana Movement religion E.V Ramaswamy Naicker Self respect Movement Kandukuri Veeresalingam VivekaVardhini Hitakarini (Gadya Tikkana) (Benefactor)Widow remarraige Tanguturi Prakasam Pantulu 'SVARAJYA" Andhra Kesari Guruzada Apparao KanyaShulkam(widows) Deshamunu preminchamanna: Deshamu ante Matti kadoyi… www.classmateacademy.com 26 South India Sir Syed Ahmed Khan Tahdhib-ul-Akhlaq MAO-College(1875) Qasim Nanovatavi and Rashid Deoband Movement Ahmed Ganghoi PARSIS DadabhaiNaroji,Naoroji Rast Goftar Rahnumai Mazdayasnan Furdonji,KR Cama,SS Bengalee Sabha Behramji Malabari The Indian Spectator
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