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Revista Institutului Diplomatic Român Ministerul Afacerilor Externe Institutul Diplomatic Român Revista Institutului Diplomatic Român Anul II, Numărul II (IV), Semestrul II, 2007 Copyright © Institutului Diplomatic Român Toate drepturile sunt rezervate Institutului Diplomatic Român Colegiul de redacţie: Ovidiu BOZGAN (editor şef pentru secţiunea de Istorie Diplomatică), Florin DIACONU (editor şef pentru secţiunile de Politică Internaţională şi Abordări Teoretice în Domeniul Relaţiilor Internaţionale), Vlad NISTOR (directorul general al IDR) Editura Academiei Române: redactor – Adrian Mircea DOBRE, redactor limba engleză – Monica STANCIU tehnoredactor – Mariana IONICĂ Interpretările, accentele şi argumentele conţinute de această revistă nu constituie puncte de vedere oficiale ale Ministerului român al Afacerilor Externe sau ale Institutului Diplomatic Român şi, ca urmare, nu angajează statul român; ele reprezintă doar opiniile profesionale ale autorilor, cărora le revine întreaga responsabilitate pentru forma şi conţinutul studiilor şi articolelor. Revista IDR este o publicaţie ştiinţifică şi operează în mod curent cu ceea ce se numeşte peer review system. Toate studiile, articolele şi recenziile primite de la autori din cadrul sau din afara IDR sunt acceptate pentru publicare numai după ce au fost evaluate, fiecare, de cel puţin doi specialişti cu experienţă în domeniu (dintre care unul este, în general, membru al Consiliului editorial). Notă: Procesul de redactare a acestui număr al Revistei Institutului Diplomatic Român s-a încheiat în data de 1 septembrie 2007; ca urmare, orice referire la evenimente petrecute după această dată ar putea fi făcută abia în numerele următoare ale publicaţiei. Aşteptăm comentariile dumneavoastră (legate de întregul conţinut, dar şi de forma diverselor articole şi studii), ca şi orice texte propuse spre evaluare şi publicare, la adresele de e-mail [email protected] sau [email protected], ca şi la numerele de telefon 233.99.55 sau 233.99.66, precum şi la numărul de fax 233.99.77. Adresa poştală a redacţiei este Institutul Diplomatic Român, Bulevardul Primăverii nr. 17, sector 1, Bucureşti, România. EDITURA ACADEMIEI ROMÂNE, Calea 13 Septembrie nr. 13, sector 5, 050711, Bucureşti, România; Tel: 4021–318 8146, 4021–318 8106; Fax: 4021–318 2444, E-mail: [email protected] Cuprins: I. ÎNAINTE DE SUMMIT-UL DIN 2008: ELEMENTE DE ISTORIE ŞI DE TEORIE POLITICO-STRATEGICĂ PRIVIND EVOLUŢIILE NATO ................................ 269 ● Victor RIVALET: Evaluating NATO In The Final Stages Of The Cold War: A Neoconservative Perspective ..................................................................................................................... 270 ● Paul DUŢĂ: Summit-ul NATO nr. 22: Bucureşti, aprilie 2008 ............................................ 281 ● Florin DIACONU: NATO: conţinutul real actual al unei alianţe politico-militare intens asimetrice ....................................................................................................................... 299 ● Mădălina Virginia ANTONESCU: Relaţiile NATO–Rusia: Perspectiva unui nou război rece? ............................................................................................................................... 312 ● Tiberiu TĂNASE: Aspecte privind cercetarea specializată de securitate în cadrul NATO .. 328 ● Ştefania CIOCÂRLAN: Tehnologiile de ultimă generaţie, o miză strategică majoră pentru NATO ............................................................................................................................. 342 ● Tiberiu TĂNASE, Roxana OPREA: Conceptul strategic NATO şi rolul Alianţei în lupta antiteroristă ..................................................................................................................... 353 ● Florin DIACONU: Extinderea NATO: Instrumente teoretice şi posibile scenarii de viitor ....... 368 II. CONFERINŢELE INSTITUTULUI DIPLOMATIC ROMÂN ..................................... 383 ● Excelenţa Sa, Arhiepiscopul Justo Mullor GARCIA, La Diplomatie Pontificale à l’Ère de la Globalisation .......................................................................................................... 383 III. ISTORIE DIPLOMATICĂ ROMÂNEASCĂ ŞI UNIVERSALĂ ................................ 401 ● Marian STROIA: Racordarea societăţii româneşti la modele europene: instalarea consulatelor străine în Moldova şi Ţara Românească ..................................................... 402 ● Ştefan PETRESCU: Secularizarea averilor mănăstireşti în lumina rapoartelor diplomatice greceşti (1860–1880) ...................................................................................................... 420 ● Constantin IORDAN: Venizelismul, antivenizelismul şi militarii în timpul dictaturii lui Theodoros Pangalos. Mărturii ale ministrului României la Atena de la sfârşitul anului 1925 ................................................................................................................................ 435 ● Stelian OBIZIUC: H. F. Ulrichsen – note de călătorie (1936) .............................................. 448 ● Florin ANGHEL: A Collaboration Alternative within the Axis. Toward a New Little Entente, 1941–1943 ........................................................................................................ 455 ● Cosmin LOTREANU: Acordurile de la Evian. Încheierea conflictului? „Cântecul de lebădă” al „Algeriei franceze” ........................................................................................ 463 ● Constantin MORARU: Washington 1973. Convorbiri Nixon-Ceauşescu, între Watergate şi Clauza naţiunii celei mai favorizate ............................................................................ 472 IV. COMENTARII, RECENZII, DEZBATERI & NOTE DE LECTURĂ ........................ 479 ● Florin DIACONU, Miklos A. LOVASZ: Evaluarea tipurilor posibile de acţiune politico- militară şi economică împotriva programelor nucleare ale Iranului. Discuţie pe marginea lucrării Ilan BERMAN (editor), Taking on Tehran. Strategies for Confronting the Islamic Republic, Lexington Books, Lanham, Boulder, New York, Toronto, Plymouth, UK, 2007, VIII+106 p. ................................................................... 479 Rev. IDR, Anul II, Nr. II (IV), Semestrul II, Bucureşti, 2007 267 Cuprins ● Raluca ECLEMEA: Evoluţia drepturilor omului ca temă a relaţiilor internaţionale: între etică şi interese politice. Comentariu pe marginea lucrării David P. FORSYTHE, Human Rights in International Relations, Editura Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, New York, Melbourne, Madrid, Cape Town, Singapore, Sao Paulo, 2006, 285 p. .............................................................................................................................. 488 ● Gabriela NICUŢ: Hezbollah: miliţie radicală şi organizaţie teroristă, în căutare de legitimitate politică. Comentariu pe marginea volumului Augustus Richard NORTON, Hezbollah: A Short History, Princeton Studies in Muslim Politics, Princeton, Princeton University Press, 2007, 200 p. ........................................................................ 495 Lista autorilor .......................................................................................................................... 503 268 I. ÎNAINTE DE SUMMIT-UL DIN 2008: ELEMENTE DE ISTORIE ŞI DE TEORIE POLITICO-STRATEGICĂ PRIVIND EVOLUŢIILE NATO Grupajul care urmează este alcătuit din opt texte distincte care discută nuanţat, din perspective foarte diverse (diversitate generată atât de interesele şi responsabilităţile profesionale deloc omogene ale autorilor, cât şi de opţiunile teoretice distincte pe care le foloseşte fiecare dintre aceştia), relevanţa şi perspectivele de viitor ale NATO, ca şi anumite momente din istoria Alianţei Nord-Atlantice. Fără a avea pretenţia de a se constitui într-o prefaţă oficială şi/sau completă a Summit-ului NATO de la Bucureşti din primăvara lui 2008, textele care alcătuiesc acest grupaj explorează, temeinic şi amănunţit, mai multe dintre ariile tematice foarte importante, în principiu (cel puţin din perspectiva preocupării constante pentru studiul academic al relaţiilor internaţionale, geopoliticii şi geostrategiei) pentru înţelegerea rolului NATO pe arena internaţională. (Redacţia Revistei Institutului Diplomatic Român) Rev. IDR, Anul II, Nr. II (IV), Semestrul II, Bucureşti, 2007 269 Evaluating NATO In The Final Stages Of The Cold War: A Neoconservative Perspective Victor RIVALET There are two essential moments which defined and shaped the current layout of the global arena. The first of these is 1989–1991, when the Communist block collapsed and the Cold War ended; this concluded almost 50 years of ideological conflict and nuclear threats, and the USA emerged as the sole superpower left. The second, equally important, is September 11th 2001, when, after the relative tranquillity of the ’90s a new danger – international terrorism – came about threatening not a specific country or entity, but most of the Western Democracies as a whole; this determined America to make significant changes in its general line of foreign policy, and undertake large scale military campaigns against Afghanistan and then Iraq. Both of these moments are intimately connected with the USA, its overall position on the global arena, and its present behaviour on the international stage. And, within the current layout of the international system the United States undoubtedly occupies a place of enormous importance; presently, I believe it wouldn’t be wrong to say that it is the sole actor with interests on global scale
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