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PDF Hosted at the Radboud Repository of the Radboud University Nijmegen PDF hosted at the Radboud Repository of the Radboud University Nijmegen The following full text is a publisher's version. For additional information about this publication click this link. http://hdl.handle.net/2066/113464 Please be advised that this information was generated on 2017-12-06 and may be subject to change. NIJMEEGSE PLANOLOGISCHE CAHIERS No. 27 FRENCH LAND USE PLANNING IN THE FIFTH REPUBLIC real or imagined decentralisation? ^:ц л« I.B.Wilson GEOGRAFISCH EN PLANOLOGISCH INSTITUUT ΚΑΤΗ. UNIVERSITEIT NIJMEGEN CIP - GEGEVENS KONINKLIJKE BIBLIOTHEEK, DEN HAAG Wilson, Irene В French land use planning in the Fifth Republic real or imagined decentralisatin9 / by Irene В Wilson - Nijmegen Katholieke Universiteit, Geografisch en Planologisch Instituut ILL , fig , tab - (Nijmeegse planologische cahiers, 27) (Advanced environmental studies, 3) Ooi« vorachenen als proefoohrift Utrocht, 1988 - Met reg © ISBN 90-70219-23-9 SISO eu-fran 719 13 UDC 711 3(44) NUGI 655 Trefw Planologie, Frankrijk FRENCH LAND USE PLANNING IN THE FIFTH REPUBLIC real or imagined decentralisation? PROEFSCHMFT TER VERKRIJGING VAN DE GRAAD VAN DOCTOR AAN DE KATHOLIEKE UNIVERSITEIT TE NUMEGEN OP GEZAG VAN DE RECTOR MAGNIHCUS PROF. Dr. B.M.F. VAN IERSEL VOLGENS BESLUIT VAN HET COLLEGE VAN DECANEN IN HET OPENBAAR TE VERDEDIGEN OP DINSDAG 12 JANUARI 1988 DES NAMIDDAGS OM 3.30 UUR PRECIES door IRENE BRAID WILSON geboren te Stirling, Schotland Promotor : Prof. Dr. G.A. Wissink CONTENTS Acknowledgements (iv) List of Tables (v) List of Figures (vii) List of Appendices (viii) PARTI BACKGROUND TO LAND USE PLANNING IN THE 5ΓΗ REPUBLIC Chapter 1 Introduction Introduction 1 The Post War Period up to 1958 3 The de GauUe Years, 1958-1969 б The Nineteen Seventies 14 Mitterrand and the Socialist Government, 1981-1985 16 Conclusions 17 Chapter 2 Frameworks of Analysis and Methodology Introduction 23 Cross National Planning Studies 23 Planning Process; a Framework of Analysis 29 Decentralisation and Political Ideology 32 Methodology 34 Conclusions 38 PART Π THE PRE DECENTRALISATION PERIOD, 1958-1981 Chapter 3 The Legal, Administrative and Professional Contexts of Land Use Planning Introduction 44 The Law of Land Use Planning 45 The Administrative Context of Land Use Planning 52 Who are the Planners? Who are the Politicians? 61 Chapter 4 The Preparation of the POS Introduction 73 Procedures of POS Preparation 73 Practice of POS Preparation 78 Progress in POS Preparation 86 Conclusions 89 (ii) Chapters AnaljsisofPOSPreparationand Analysis of the Plan Introduction 92 Cross-Regulation /Cross- Functioning Controls 92 Evaluation of the Plan 97 The ЮЗ and other Planning Instruments 101 Conclusions 110 Chapter б The Changing Contexts of Land Use Planning in France after de GauUe and before Mitterrand Introduction 113 The Economy in the Seventies 114 The Social Context of the Seventies 116 Political and Administrative Changes in the Seventies 123 Conclusions 126 PART Ш THE POST DECENTRALISATION PERIOD, 1981-1985 Chapter 7 The New Legal and Administrative Contexts of Land Use Planning - Some Initial Reactions Introduction 131 The Political Window and the Decentralisation Strategy 132 The First Déferre Act 134 The Second Defene Act 136 Plans and Decentralisation 139 Development Control and Related Provisions of Land Management 140 Initial Reactions to the Legislation 142 Conclusions 151 Chapter 8 Decentralised Planning Practice Introduction 156 The 1983 Décrets d'Application and Plan Preparation Procedure 156 Infcrmed Opinion and Reactions to the New Plan-malting Process 157 Plan-making Progress, 1981-1985 164 Other Changes in Land Use Planning, 1983-1985 170 The Political Context of Land Use Planning, 1981-1985 172 Analysis of Decentralised POS Preparation 175 Conclusions 180 PART IV THE PAST AND THE FUTURE Chapter 9 Analysis and Conclusions Introduction 185 A Comparison of POS Pre and Post Decentralisation 186 Implications for Theoretical or Analytic Frameworks 192 Implications for Planning Practice 194 (in) Postscript 196 Glossary of French Acronyms 197 Appendices 200 Author's cv 213 Summary (Dutch) 214 Summary (English) 218 Summary (French) 222 Index of Key Subjects 226 (iv) ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS A great many people in France, Britain and Holland have been a constant source of help and support during the years of this research. Indeed, it would be impossible to name everyone. Thus, to those not specifically mentioned here, I extend a general debt of gratitude. Amongst colleagues in France I particularly wish to thank Patrick Wargniez of the Communauté Urbaine of Lille who acted as a watchdog and continuously provided me with up to date legal texts, articles and information for almost five years. I am also indebted to Charles Déliante, editor of Urbanisme for sending me information. To my academic colleagues. Professors Gay, Claval, Chaline, Danan, Hebrard and Deshayes, I thank them all for giving willingly of their time to talk to me and for their hospitality over the years. In Britain, my Mends, colleagues and students at Dundee arc owed a special debt of gratitude for their role as guinea pigs for testing out many of the ideas in this book. Similarly, to Dave Wilson, University of Stirling, and Philip Cemy, University of York; I thank them both for the many years of listening to my ideas and discussing my work with me and generally providing moral support. I am grateful to my Dutch colleague in the United Nations, Drs. R. Osmers, who read and commented on the draft of this book, who made a lot of useftil suggestions and who kept me in good spirits when I was writing. Without the assistance of the SSRC in Britain and CNRS in France, Htde of this research would have been possible and I extend my thanks to the two grant-awarding bodies. I also wish to thank ISOCARP (International Society of City and Regional Planners) for arranging my sponsorship to attend two international conferences and for the funding arrangements they made for me to carry out a general study of cross-national research in planning. To those who have been involved in the preparation of the manuscript I am extremely grateful for all their hard work and devotion to what turned out to be a difficult task: Drs. A. Eronat, who prepared the two maps; Jean Pattou for the cover design; Mr. G. V. Raj, in Sharjah, U.A.E., who spent many hours transferring the word processing data from one system to another; Captain R. Facey, my U.N. colleague in Sharjah, who worked closely with me in adding the French text, making corrections and finalising the format; Dr. Barrie Needham at Nijmegen University for all the various arrangements he has made for me and also for all the effort he put into the editing suggestions for the final manuscript; Lynn Anderson and May McNiven at Stirling University for computing the tables and last but not least, all those at the University of Nijmegen who helped with the computing and printing arrangements. Finally, much deserved thanks must go to my mother and my sister for their continued support, encouragement and visits throughout the preparation of this manuscript. Irene B. Wilson Dubai, UAE, July 1987 (ν) UST OF TABLES 3.1 The Numbers of Towns (of more than 30 000 population) with Mayors of Different Political Parties SS During the Predecentralisation Penod 3.2 Evolution of Communal Population, 1851-1975 56 3.3 Types of Communal Groupings m France; Year of Introduction; Functions; Administrative Linkages of the Grouping and Numbers (by numbers of commune groupings, numbers of communes and population total) 57 3.4 Education Background of "Urbanistes" in 1980 62 3.5 Employment of "Urbanistes" in 1980 62 3.6 Numbers of Civil Servants and Contracted Staff 1977 and 1981 in GEP and UOC Sections 62 3.7 Percentage Government Ministers by Occupation in the Three Republics, 1870-1980 64 3.8 Socio-Professional Background of Senators, 1969 65 3.9 Profession of Mayors Elected ш 1971 67 4.1 Average Time Between Start of TOS and Approval of TOS in Three Départements, 1970-1981 77 4.2 Dispositions Applicable m the Zones of POS 80 4.3 Total Number of SDAU and TOS Approved in France 1971-1981 86 4.4 Numbers of TOS Started, Published and Approved 1971-1981 in France 87 4.5 Published and Approved TOS Relative to Commune Size, 1978 and 1981 88 4.6 Financing of Planning Studies, 1976-1981 (m French fiancs) 88 5.1 List of Main Planning Instruments 102 5.2 Subjects of Land and Property Tax and Payments by Owners/Occupiers 108 5.3 Sources of Communal Revenue, 1978 (in thousand million francs, m percentages) 108 6.1 Percentage Sectoral Distribution of the French Labour Force, 1954-1981 114 6.2 Percentage Variation in Population Growth and Components of Growth, 1962-1982 117 6.3 Percentage Population Change in Major Cines, 1968-1982 119 6.4 House Types Built, 1957-1980 121 6.5 Percentage Ownership of Selected Consumer Durables, 1954-1979 122 (vi) 7.1 Motives for ros Preparation, 1983 147 7.2 Choice of Organisation to Prepare ГО5,1983 149 7.3 Choice of Organisation to Assist with Development Applications,1983 ISO 8.1 Total Numberc of SDAU/ SD and POS Approved in France, 1981-1986 164 8.2 Numbers of POS Started, Published and Approved in France, 1981-1986 165 8.3 Published and Approved POS Relative to Commun« Size ,1981 and 1986 166 8.4 Financing or Planning Studies, 1981-1983 167 8.5 Choice of Organisation to Prepare POS, 1985 168 8.6 Choice of Agency to Assist Communes with Development Applications, 1985 169 8.7 Numbers of Civil Servants and Contracted Staff, 1981 and 1983, in GEP and UOC Sections 170 8.8 Occupational
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