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BioMed Research International Pruritus: From the Bench to the Bedside Lead Guest Editor: Adam Reich Guest Editors: Laurent Misery and Kenji Takamori Pruritus: From the Bench to the Bedside BioMed Research International Pruritus: From the Bench to the Bedside Lead Guest Editor: Adam Reich Guest Editors: Laurent Misery and Kenji Takamori Copyright © 2018 Hindawi. All rights reserved. This is a special issue published in “BioMed Research International.” All articles are open access articles distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Contents Pruritus: From the Bench to the Bedside Adam Reich ,LaurentMisery ,andKenjiTakamori Editorial (2 pages), Article ID 5742753, Volume 2018 (2018) Pruritus: Progress toward Pathogenesis and Treatment Jing Song , Dehai Xian, Lingyu Yang , Xia Xiong, Rui Lai, and Jianqiao Zhong Review Article (12 pages), Article ID 9625936, Volume 2018 (2018) Do Tonic Itch and Pain Stimuli Draw Attention towards Their Location? Antoinette I. M. van Laarhoven, Stefaan van Damme, A. (Sjan) P. M. Lavrijsen, Dimitri M. van Ryckeghem, Geert Crombez, and Andrea W. M. Evers Clinical Study (11 pages), Article ID 2031627, Volume 2017 (2018) 12-Item Pruritus Severity Scale: Development and Validation of New Itch Severity Questionnaire Adam Reich, Agnieszka Bożek, Katarzyna Janiszewska, and Jacek C. Szepietowski Research Article (7 pages), Article ID 3896423, Volume 2017 (2018) Prevalence and Relevance of Pruritus in Pregnancy Justyna Szczęch, Artur Wiatrowski, Lidia Hirnle, and Adam Reich Research Article (6 pages), Article ID 4238139, Volume 2017 (2018) Aprepitant for the Treatment of Chronic Refractory Pruritus Alice He, Jihad M. Alhariri, Ronald J. Sweren, Madan M. Kwatra, and Shawn G. Kwatra Review Article (6 pages), Article ID 4790810, Volume 2017 (2018) Prevalence and Clinical Characteristics of Itch in Vitiligo and Its Clinical Significance Vasanop Vachiramon, Woranit Onprasert, Sarawin Harnchoowong, and Kumutnart Chanprapaph Research Article (8 pages), Article ID 5617838, Volume 2017 (2018) The Role of Intereukin-31 in Pathogenesis of Itch and Its Intensity in a Course of Bullous Pemphigoid and Dermatitis Herpetiformis Lilianna Kulczycka-Siennicka, Anna Cynkier, Elżbieta Waszczykowska, Anna Woźniacka, and Agnieszka Żebrowska Research Article (8 pages), Article ID 5965492, Volume 2017 (2018) Hindawi BioMed Research International Volume 2018, Article ID 5742753, 2 pages https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/5742753 Editorial Pruritus: From the Bench to the Bedside Adam Reich ,1 Laurent Misery ,2 and Kenji Takamori3 1 Department of Dermatology, University of Rzeszow, Rzeszow, Poland 2Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Brest, Brest, France 3Institute for Environmental and Gender Specifc Medicine and Department of Dermatology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Urayasu, Chiba, Japan Correspondence should be addressed to Adam Reich; adi [email protected] Received 22 April 2018; Accepted 22 April 2018; Published 22 May 2018 Copyright © 2018 Adam Reich et al. Tis is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Pruritus is defned as a unpleasant sensation that causes a planus, primary localized cutaneous amyloidosis, primary desire to scratch. It may accompany various skin diseases, cutaneous T cell lymphomas, or mastocytosis [2–5]. Te rel- but it may also be present in many systemic, neurologic, evant role of IL-31 in pruritus pathogenesis has been recently and psychiatric conditions. However, it is ofen overlooked confrmed in the phase II clinical trial with nemolizumab, or its signifcance is diminished. Remarkably, many studies an anti-IL-31 A receptor monoclonal antibody, in atopic documented that, for patients, pruritus is ofen consid- dermatitis patients, showing signifcant decrease of pruri- ered as the most bothersome symptom in the course of tus intensity in active treatment group when compared to the diseases they sufer from. Fortunately, the awareness placebo [6]. Subsequent phase III clinical trials are ongoing, about the relevance of pruritus is steadily growing among recruiting patients not only with atopic dermatitis, but also physicians and health care professionals. Subsequently, the with other pruritic conditions, like, e.g., prurigo nodularis. higher awareness results in a growing interest in studying the Entering into this research trend, in this special issue, L. underlying mechanisms of pruritus. Hopefully, our growing Kulczycka-Siennicka et al. analyzed the level of IL-31 in understanding of its pathogenesis will eventually generate autoimmune blistering skin diseases frequently accompanied new antipruritic treatment modalities and improve patient by pruritus, such as dermatitis herpetiformis and bullous care in the near future. Te current special issue is focusing pemphigoid. Surprisingly, they found decreased serum levels on the latest developments in the feld of pruritus science, of IL-31 in patients sufering from these both conditions providing new insights into pruritus pathogenesis, showing compared with healthy volunteers. Based on this observation, new data on pruritus clinical manifestation, and discussing itcouldbesuggestedthatIL-31mightnotbethekeycytokine new treatment options for pruritic conditions. mediating pruritus in these conditions; however, next studies A paper by J. Song et al. could be handled as a nice are needed to further elucidate this phenomenon. introduction to the current special issue on pruritus, giving Interesting results on the itch and pain stimuli processing the readers an overview of the current understanding on werealsodemonstratedbythegroupofA.I.M.van the transmission of pruritic stimuli to the brain, describing Laarhoven et al., who investigated whether attention is drawn the potential mediators of pruritus in the skin, including tothestimuluslocationintonicpruritusandpainstimuli. proteases, cytokines, peptides, and phospholipid metabolites, Opposite to their primary hypothesis, they were unable to and explaining the diferences between histamine-dependent fnd any indication for spatial attention allocation towards and histamine-independent signaling pathways. somatosensory stimuli, despite tonic itch and pain interfering In 2006 Sonkoly et al. frst suggested the role of inter- with task performance. Based on these observations they leukin 31 (IL-31) in pruritus accompanying atopic dermatitis concluded that patients with chronic pruritus or pain may [1]. Since that time, a number of studies have been undertaken beneft from learning to disengage their attention away from to assess the meaningfulness of IL-31 in pruritus observed pruritus or pain, focusing attention on the location of pruritus among other infammatory skin conditions, like lichen or pain aggravates symptoms. 2 BioMed Research International Several papers published in this special issue focused on efects. Since frst reports on its potential activity in chronic the clinical presentation of pruritus in various conditions. V. pruritus [9, 10], a growing interest is observed regarding Vachiramon et al. analyzed the prevalence and clinical man- neurokinin 1 blockade as a potential promising antipruritic ifestations of pruritus in vitiligo patients. Although vitiligo is target. Novel derivates with longer half-life time, such as usually not considered as a pruritic conditions, they found in serlopitant or tradipitant are currently investigated in clinical thegroupofmorethan400patientsthatasmuchasaboutone trials. ffh of patients with vitiligo may sufer from pruritus, with Summarizing, we hope, that the current special issue the highest prevalence in patients with focal vitiligo. Impor- on pruritus would bring new insights into pathogenesis of tantly, pruritus ofen preceded development of skin lesions pruritus, its assessment, and treatment, We also hope that the suggesting that this phenomenon might be related to ongoing readers fnd the coverage interesting and important for their infammatory response leading to destruction of melanocytes clinical practice. in the skin. Many patients with vitiligo experiencing pruritus declared disturbances in daily activity and problems with Adam Reich sleep, suggesting that this symptom should not be overlooked Laurent Misery in this group of patients. Kenji Takamori Similar situation was also observed among pregnant women, as demonstrated by J. Szczęch et al. Among the References cohort of almost 300 women; the point prevalence of pruritus was about 20%, while the prevalence of pruritus during the [1] E. Sonkoly, A. Muller, A. I. Lauerma et al., “IL-31: a new link entire pregnancy was almost 40%. Importantly, in many between T cells and pruritus in atopic skin infammation,” Te cases the presence of pruritus could not be attributed to Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology,vol.117,no.2,pp. any underlying condition suggesting that, indeed, pruritus 411–417, 2006. may only be due to pregnancy. Frequent location within the [2] K. Welz-Kubiak, A. Kobuszewska, and A. Reich, “IL-31 is abdomen skin suggests that at least in some pregnant women overexpressed in lichen planus but its level does not correlate with pruritus severity,” Journal of Immunology Research,vol. pruritus may be a result of skin stretching and mechanical 2015, Article ID 854747, 6 pages,
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