BFN Priority species of AEGEAN REGION Wild , land race and wild mushroom studied in Aegean Region of Turkey English Photograph Turkish name Local Names Description Habitat Parts used The way to consume Family Botanical name name Amaranthaceae Beta maritima L. Sea beet Kıyı pancarı Deli pazı, yabani Sea beets are glabrous or Coastal areas, Rosette leave Its are served raw pancar, yaban pazısı, slightly hairy, erect, prostrate field borders, or cooked and used in ova mancarı, pezik, or procumbent perennial in sandy soil. pies and pancakes, deniz pancarı, dağ herbaceous plants with a The inland omelets, soups, stuffed for pancarı, kır pazısı, number of stems. It flowers forms are , roasted or boiled zık, yaban pancarı, from May to August. found at steps and used as , served kara mancar, kara in well drained with or without . pancar, deli ıspanak, sandy soils Sea beets are also cooked yaban ıspanağı, as spinach. düdüklü ıspanak Amaranthaceae Salicornia emericii Duval-Jouve, Glasswort or Deniz börülcesi Kurşun otu, tuzlu ot, Glasswort is perennial, erect Coastal salt Young plants Glasswort is usually Lectotype:Salicornia europaea L. Samphire geren otu fleshy maritime with marshes. cooked or steamed and fleshy stems and simple then coated in leaves. It has small spikes of and lemon or yogurt as minute flowers. It flowers salad. It is also used raw. from July to September

Apiaceae maritimum L. Rock Deniz teresi, Deniz rezenesi,deniz Rock samphire is erect to Maritime rocks Young plants The stems, flowers and samphire Kaya koruğu marulu, deniz otu, decumbent hairless perennial, and boulder leaves and leaves are pickled. Leaves ada börülcesi, deniz to 50 cm high. Leaves are beaches. flower buds are used fresh or boiled in koruğu, deniz entire, 1-2-pinnate with linear, . It is also cooked keneviri, kereviz otu, succulent, cylindrical lobes omelet genevir, girdama, and aromatic when crushed. gövelek, kulak otu, Flowers are yellowish green. kişgil Stew, pickle, salad, omelet Foeniculum vulgare Mill. Arapsaçı Rezene, çaşır, çaşıra, Fennel is a perennial, Arid cliffs, Whole plant Highly aromatic and kokar ot, malatura, umbelliferous plant. It has slopes and flavorful leaves are used erezene, raziyane, thick, white rootstalk and riverbanks in in various and as sıra, marata hollow, striated stems. Leaves spring. seasoning. Boiled leaves with smell, are feathery, are used in salad and deeply cut, alternate and triply roasted. , omelet, pinnate. Flowers are yellow, salad, pie, pancake, soup produced in large terminal are cooked. . Fruits are cylindrical, smooth and greenish brown color. The plant flowers from July to September.

Meal, roasted, pilaf, seasoning Apiaceae Opopanax hispidus (Friv.) Gris. Yellow Herb Kaymacık, Sarı ot, sarı bacı, Opoanax is a perennial Fields, stony Young basal kaymaklık, that can places, salty leave Young leaves from the otu, kırk sıralı, grow up to 160 cm. It sediments, base of stews are cooked gaymecik, tülü ot, produces small clusters of field edge. with paste. Leaves kekire yellow flowers. Lower leaves are also roasted with or pinnate with lobes. It Flowers without cream and milk. It in May-July. is boiled and roasted with egg (Omelet) and served with or without yogurt. Opopanax pancake is also common..

meal, roasted, omelet Apiaceae olusatrum L. Alexanders Deli kereviz Yabani kereviz, The plants are stout to 100- Road sides, in Leaves, young Alexanders is baldıran 150 cm high, with a solid stem field and field stems and the intermediate in flavor which becomes hollow with borders, on buds between and age. The leaves are bluntly cliff paths, . It is used roasted, toothed, the segments seaside. stewed or fried and used ternately divided. The flowers in salads, , omelet, are yellow-green in color, and pie, sauce and soups. It its fruits are black. They are was also used as a

flowering March to May. medicinal herb

Asteraceae Glebionis coronaria (L.) Spach, Crown Daisy Alagömeç Ale gümeci, sarı Crown daisy is 15-70 cm tall a Sea sides, road Young sprouts Crown daisy is used in the Syn: Chrysanthemum segetum L. papatya, öküz gözü, leafy annual herb. It has sides, in fields recipes of omelets, soup, koyun gözü, yabani yellow, cream, white ray an field and roasted salads krizantem florets grouped in small flower borders. with or without yogurt heads and aromatic, bipinnately lobed leaves.

Flowering time is from March to June.

Asteraceae Cichorium intybus L. Chicory Hindiba Hindibag, yabani Chicory is hairy or glabrous a Roadsides, Whole young The leaves are boiled or hindiba, kara hindiba, perennial herbaceous plant fields, orchards plant/ rosette used raw for salad. Leaves tatlı hindiba, ak with 20-100 cm height. It has and leaves, roots are simply roasted or hindiba, günek, backward curved toothed mixed with herbs or güneyik, yatlı günek, leaves at base. Stem leaves are roasted with or without ak günek, radika, similar but sessile. It has scrambled eggs. It is bahçe radikası, altlık, bright blue flowers. Flowtime cooked as soup, omelet çatlangoz is from April to September. and made the patties. Dry leaves used as tea. Roots are also baked and used as a coffee substitute

Meal, salad, omelet Asteraceae Scolymus hispanicus L. Golden Şevketi bostan Akkız, akçakızı, altın It is an herbaceous biennial or Humid areas, Roots, young Spiny leaves are stripped thistle dikeni, ak dikeni, short-lived perennial plant roadsides, leaves and roots cleaned and diken otu,çetmi growing to 80 cm tall, with fallow lands. used to cook dishes with dikeni, sarı diken, spiny stems and leaves. The meat and roasting. The sütlü diken, süt flowers are bright yellow to roots and young leaves of dikeni, güzel hisar orange-yellow. Flowering golden thistle also used in dikeni lasts from May to September. salads, soups, egg dishes.

Stew, salad, soup, omelet, meal Brassicaceae Raphanus raphanistrum L. Wild Radish Eşek turpu Turpotu, yaban turpu Wild radish is an annual herb . Fallow fields, Young lives yabani turp, çalgıcı usually 15–50 cm high, simple orchards, and buds Wild radish is roasted or otu, yabani hardal or branched, stems scabrous; vineyards, stewed and used in taproot wiry to stout but not neglected various dishes as salad, fleshy. Lower leaves 15–20 gardens, meals, omelet and soup cm long, lyrate-pinnatisect roadsides, and with 1–4 pairs of distant lobes, other disturbed scabrous. Flowers are usually locations. pale yellow, more rarely white or with pinkish.. Plant flowers in May-September, bears fruits in July-October. Polygonaceae Rumex acetosella L. Sorrel Kuzukulağı Ekşi kuzukulağı, Sorrel is perennial herbaceous The fields, lutka, ekşi kulak, plants with erect stem and meadows and The leaves with a lemony, eğşimene, ekşice, sprouts from an aggressive pastures in the tangy and nicely sour ekşimik, ekşilik and spreading rhizome. It has abandoned flavor, are used raw or in ekşimelek, ekşimek, glabrous green arrowhead- areas, at the the preparation of . ekşimen, turşu otu, shaped leaves and small, pink waterfront and Fresh leaves can be used ebem ekşisi, and bright flowers. Sorrel in a humid raw in salads. Sorrel is ebenekşisi, oğlak blossoms in May-August. environment. also used to cook soup, kulağı, küçük pie and cooked with egg. kuzukulağı

Roasted, stuffed, pie, soup, meal, salad Fabaceae Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. Cowpea Börülce Karnıkara,karagöz, Herbaceous annual with Cowpea grows grain, fresh Salad, meal sarıgöz, çakıldak, twining stems Leaves trifoliate best in hot legumes acebek, papuda with . Central leaflet conditions. and hastate, 2.5 to 12 cm long, in moderate

smooth, lateral leaflets shade, but in irregular. Flowers in axillary agroforestry or racemes on stalks 15 to 30 cm orchard long. Pod pendulous, smooth, applications. . 10 to 23 cm long with a thick decurved beak and 10- to 15- seeded. The kidney-shaped seeds are white with a black mark around the scar that marks the point of attachment to the seed stalk. Seeds of local races variable in size and colour

Russulaceae Lactarius deliciosus (L.) Gray Saffron milk Çıntar, Kanlıca, Elicek, ebişek, melki, Saffron milk cap has a convex It grows under Cap and stem Fried, grilled, roasted, cap merki, sütlü mantar, to vase shaped and conifers on used in pie, cooked as çam mantarı, espir, orange color cap with darker acidic soils and meatball, soup, omelet espit, tirmit orange lines in the form of found in the concentric circles. 4 to 14 cm high altitude Salted or pickled across. The cap is dry but Pinus nigra sticky and viscid when wet. and Pinus It has crowded decurrent gills brutia forests. and a hallow short orange It forms a stipe (3 to 8 cm long and 1 to mycorrhizal 2 cm thick). When fresh it relationship extracts orange-red milk. with its host When handled It stains a deep tree. green color. August to December

MEDITERRANEAN REGION Wild plants and land race studied in Mediterranean Region of Turkey English Photograph Turkish name Local Names Description Habitat Parts used The way to consume Family Botanical name name Acoraceae Acorus calamus L. Calamus or Eğir otu Azakeriği, Hazanbel, a semi-aquatic plant that likes It likes the The root Chewing rhizome. A Sweet flag Eğir kökü to grow with “wet feet”, often edges of (rhizome) is flavor for pipe tobacco alongside Irises, Cattails, and ponds, lakes, used as other waterweeds. This is and rivers, but medicine, as usually due to seasonal water I've seen it foods as a fluctuations. less rain, and it's growing in spice. no longer in the water because drier soil as the edge of the pond has well. receded. The leaves are similar to Cattail or Iris leaves, being sword shaped, and from 2 1/2 to 3 feet in length. Calamus leaves, though, are a yellow- green in color, not blue-green, and have a slightly wavy margin (edge) and a midrib. Anacardiaceae Rhus coriaria L. Elm leaved Sumak Ekşi külü, somak Plant is shrub up to 3 m tall. It can be found Fruit; Oil. The crushed fruit is a sumach ekşi, Derici sumağı, Young branches are densely in scrubs and popular spice used in the Mavru, Tadım, brownish tomentose. Leaves forests. Rocky Middle East. Tahru, Tatari, Tahri, with 9-15 broadly lanceolate places and Tetere, Teteni, Tetirli, to eliptic, serrate leaflets. roadsides Tetre, Tertri, Tirimli, Petals greenish white, drupe mainly on Tutum, Tutuba globose, villose, reddish. It is limestone flowering in june and july. It can be found in scrubs and forests. Apiaceae Ferula elaeochytris Korovin Ferula or Çağ Çakşır, çağşır, çavşır, They are herbaceous perennial native to the The root Drink boiled root giant fennel hitik plants growing to 1–4 m tall, Mediterranean (rhizome) is with stout, hollow, somewhat region east to used to make succulent stems. The leaves central Asia, medicine. are tripinnate or even more mostly finely divided, with a stout growing in arid basal sheath clasping the stem. climates. The flowers are usually yellow, rarely white, produced in large umbels. Apiaceae Ferulago trachycarpa Boiss. - Kuzukemirdi Kuzu kişnişi, It is a tall glaucescent Rocky slopes. Aerial parts Gums obtained from the Kurtkulağı, Kuzubaşı, perennial with angled, sulcate and roots. incision of the roots. Kuzukemirdi, stem up to 125 cm. leaves are Fresh aerial parts. Kuzukulağı, Kimyon 25-40 cm long and 10-15 cm otu, çakşırotu, cağşır, width. Flowering between asaotu june and august.

Asteraceae Cichorium intybus L. Common Hindiba Hindiba, yabani When flowering, chicory has a It lives as a Leaves, roots Roasted,salads and roots chicory hindiba, mavi tough, grooved, and more or wild plant on are dried for adding hindiba, citlik less hairy stem, from 30 to 100 roadsides. The coffee centimetres (10 to 40 in) tall. wildflower The leaves are grows in fields, stalked, lanceolate and waysides and unlobed. The flower heads are on waste 2 to 4 centimetres (0.79 to ground. 1.6 in) wide, and usually

bright blue, rarely white or pink. It flowers from July until October. Asteraceae Chondrilla juncea L. Rush Karakavuk Çıtlık, Çöpkanak, It is a thin, spindly plant which It lives in Leaves Salads skeletonwee Karakavuk, reaches a meter in height. It rocky terrain, d Karakavut, Sakız otu, starts from a basal rosette of sandy fields, Sütlü ot leaves and branches fallowing extensively, often forming a fields weedy thicket. It produces small daisylike flowers with rectangular yellow ray florets. The fruit is an achene about a centimeter long topped with a white pappus. Asteraceae Scorzonera cana (C.A.Mey.) Salsify Tekesakalı Yakı Otu, Yemlik, It is grown as an annula or It grows well Leaves Cooking, salads Griseb Dedesakalı, biennial, mainly for the long, in a loose, Karakök, Tekesakalı tapering black skinned, white- sandy loam fleshed taproot. soil, deeply cultivated to allow the long, tapering roots to develop.

Asteraceae Tragopogon porrifolius subsp. Purple Helevan Teke sakalı Annual or biennial herb with a It lives in Roots, leaves Freshly or cooked longirostris (Sch.Bip.) Greuter salsify white, branched, irregularly herbaceous cylindrical tap-root. Stems 20- places and 125 cm, glaucous, some areas along rhe very pale, sometimes suffused roads. brownish-purple, hollow, erect, striate, glabrous, with long branches in upper half, very leafy. Asteraceae Gundelia tournefortii L. Gundelia Kenger Kenger otu, Plant is 20-100 cm high, stems It can be found The leaves, fresh or cooked artichoke- erect, branched, often shining. in rocky stems, roots, like vegetable Leaves are lanceolate, rigid, slopes, stepe, and glabrous or arachnoid. Lower near salt lakes, undeveloped leaves7-30 cm long. open woodland flower buds, Flowering in may and july. and fallow colloquially fields. known as tumble thistle,

are edible when they first sprout in early spring Berberidaceae Berberis crataegina DC. Berberis Karamuk Amberbaris, Diken Perennial that can grow to a It grows up to Fruits/seeds Fruit can be consumed üzümü, Ekşimen (K height of 2 meters, very 1900 meters raw or in some meals and prickly, red berry fruit is a above on the soups Vitamin C rich fruit ayseri), Garamık, plant that boy grows. Open forest can be consumed as tea, Gıraba May-yellow flower clusters in clearance and garnish compote, syrup, Gırabuh, Gızanbah, June. The leaves are 2-4 limestone jams and jellies.

centimeters in length and terrain. Hatuntuzluğu, Kadı elliptical. After pouring leaves Develops well ntuzluğu, Kamberiz, in autumn, as red clusters in sunny and Karaca located within 2 to 3 pieces of semi-shade Karamıh, Karamık, fruit seeds are seen. environment. Karamuk Just can grow dikeni, Karanbuk, in almost any Kızambuk, Kızamık, soil. Sarı çalı Brassicaceae Nasturtium officinale R.Br., Suteresi Acı Nasturtium officinale is a Suitable for: Leaves Watercress consumed as Aiton gerdeme, Cırcır, Ç perennial and creeping plant. light (sandy), raw or cooked. It’ s akandura , Çünk, It’s growing to 0.5 m by 1 m medium known peppery, sharp, Derdime, Gerdeme, at a fast rate. It has 8-10 cm (loamy) and piquant flavor Water cress Hardal otu, Istapan, long and a width of leaves. heavy (clay) is mainly used as a Ispatan, İspatan, İst There are four-leaf white soils. Suitable garnish or as an addition apan, İstepan, Kord flowers. Watercress is pungent pH: acid, to salads, the flavour is omot , Kerdeme, and spicy plants. It flowers neutral and strong with a Kurbağapisliği, Su from March to July basic (alkaline) characteristic hotness. gerdemesi, Su soils. It cannot kerdemesi, Su grow in the mancası, Tizik, Tu shade. It zik, Yabani prefers wet soil tere, Gudime. and can grow in water. Capparaceae Capparis spinosa L. Caper bush Kebere Gebre, kebere, kapari Caper bush is a perennial Mainly at west Fruits/seeds Pickled or canned form is deciduous bush plant with 1- place, road consumed. Canned capers 3m height. It bears rounded, sides and even is eaten as pickles, salads, fleshy leaves and large white near by the pizza base and besides the to pinkish-white flowers with walls meat and fish as a garnish. four petals and at the middle purple stamens. C. spinosa is native to the Mediterranean Region but also found in other regions of Turkey except Black Sea coast. Caper bush occur over a wide range of habitat up to 100 m. elevation.. It is flowered in July and bear fruits in August- September. Caryophyllaceae Gypsophila arrostii subsp. Arrost's Çöven Çöven Otu - Sabun Plant is glabrous perennial It can be found Root Its rhizome extracts for nebulosa (Boiss. & Heldr.) baby's- Otu - Çegen - Tarlacı with stout rhizome. Stems 30- in dry stony (rhizome) whitinig and bubbling. Greuter & Burdet breath Çöveni, Kereviç 60 cm long, diffusely places and Köpüğü, çuvan branched. Leaves linear to wineyards. linear-lanceolate, 10-50 mm long and 1-6 mm width. Flowers are pale pink to white and it has flowers in june and july.

Cupressaceae Juniperus drupacea Labill. Syrian Enek/andız Büyük meyveli ardıç It is small, dioecious, Growing on Fruit Molasses juniper evergreen tree, with a broad rocky sites crown. The leaves are from 800–1700 lanceolate, acuminate. Female m altitude. flowers form a hard, fleshy fruit, ripening 1-3 years. Cones are 20-25 mm diameter, brown to black and pruinose. Dioscoreaceae Dioscorea communis (L.) Black Dolambaç Sarmaşık, tilkişen, Tubers subterranean, to 20cm Dense woods, Young shoots Young shoots may be Caddick & Wilkin bryony dövülmüş avrat otu, or more, blackish. Stems but it can also eaten raw, but they are gavur tilkişeni and slender, to 4m, rarely meadows and usually cooked in hot kara asma branched, longitudinally hedges. water for various salads or striate, glabrous, twining used in omelette. sinistrally as seen from outside. Leaves long-petiolate or long-acuminate, dark gren, glabrous. Flowers greenish- yellow, glabrous. Flowering April-June. Fabaceae Lupinus albus L. White lupin Termiye Acı bakla, Delice Lupinus albus is a annual Cultivated Seed. Seed - cooked. Used as a bakla, Gavur baklası, growing to 1.2 m (4ft) by 0.3 beds. Suitable protein-rich vegetable or Kurt baklası, Mısır m (1ft in). It is in flower from for: light savoury dish in any of the baklası, Yahudi Jun to July, and the seeds (sandy) and ways that cooked beans baklası, Tirmis ripen from Aug to September. medium are used, they can also be The flowers are hermaphrodite (loamy) soils. roasted or ground into a (have both male and female It cannot grow powder and mixed with organs) and are pollinated by in the shade. It cereal flours in making Bees. It can fix Nitrogen. prefers moist bread etc. The roasted soil. seeds can be used as a snack in much the same way as peanuts. An edible oil is obtained from the seed. The roasted seed is used as a coffee substitut Liliaceae Eremurus spectabilis M.Bieb. Foxtail lily Çiriş Çireş, Dağ pırasası, Foxtail lily, has 1 m plant in steppe, open Young leaves Young leaves are used as Gülük, Kiriş, Sarı height with 70-200 cm scrub, vegetables. Young shoots çiriş, Sarı glabrous flower stem and is a limestone cooked. Roasted with zambak, Yabani perennial herbaceous plant. rocks and yogurt, meal, omelet pırasa Leaves broadly linear, 20-60 screes cm long, to about 5 cm broad, glabrous. It grows at 1000- 2750 m. Flowering in May- July.

Rosaceae Eriolobus trilobatus (Labill. ex Erect Crab Atelması Geyikelması, has an upright Mediterranean Fruit and Fresh or boiled fruit. Its Poir.) M.Roem. or Crab geyicek, geyik dikeni habit with horizontal maquis and leaves dried leaves use for tea. apple branching and a mature size of forest. 15 metres (49 ft) height by 7 metres (23 ft) width. The leaves are maple-like and deeply three-lobed. They turn from orange to red to deep purple in the fall. The tree blooms during April and May producing white flowers and yellow fruits.

Rosaceae Pyrus serikensis Güner & Serik crab Zingit Serik armudu, Barbed and can be sized up to Hills in the Fruit Fresh or boiled fruit. H.Duman gurmut, 15 m. fruits are spherical and plains, in the about 1cm a diameter. Leaves cemetery, the egg-circle shape, the diameter farm borders, of 2-4 cm. roads and coast

Araceae Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott Taro Gölevez Göleviz, kolakas, Taro is herbaceous perennial In Turkey, taro The corms are eaten Kıbrıs patatesi tropical plant with a large is locally baked, boiled or steamed corm, and grows in semi- known as shade or sunny places where “Gölevez” and water is abundant. Taros mainly grown reproduce from the smaller in tubers or “cormels” which Mediterranean grow off the sides of the main coast, in the corm are grown for their Alanya and edible corms as root Gazipaşa of vegetables. Large heart shaped Antalya and leaves with long petiole Bozyazı and sprouts from tubers. Anamur of Mersin..

BLACKSEA REGION Wild plants and land race studied in BLACK Region of Turkey English Photograph Turkish name Local Names Description Habitat Parts used The way to consume Family Botanical name name Amaranthaceae Chenopodium album L. Lamb's Aksirken Sirken, kelebek, It is an ascending annual plant It is found in Leaves and It is used in salads in raw quarters, iblice, yaban otu, with 20-150 cm tall and has fields, orchards young shoots form and it is roasted with melde unluca, ak kaz ayağı, angular stem. The leaves are and pastures or without yoghurt, it is ak pazı, yabani whitely green and have cooked with bulgur or ıspanak alternate rhomboid or rice, it is completed with lanceolate with entire or mixed weed and it is also toothed edge. Lower leaves baked as and are more round and broader pancake than upper leaves and with a whitish coat on the underside. The flowers is dense branched. Apiaceae L. Ground elder Keçiayağı Mendek, tavuk ayağı, It is a perennial, erect plant It grows in Young leaves It can be roasted (with kır marulu with rhizome. The stem is coppice forests yogurt, or plain), it hallow and grooved. Upper and it grows up is used in pastry, and it leaves are ternate, broad and to 750 m can be cooked with toothed. Small white flowers heights yogurt, rice or bulgur. are in umbels Also eaten raw

Apiaceae pimpinelloides L. Corky- Deli maydanoz Kazıyak, Gazyak It is a bushy perennial. It may It grows in Leaves It is roasted with or fruited grow up to 1 meter. It is swamps and without egg, and also with water- flowered from June to August. lakes coasts up and onion. It is used dropwort Its petals have changing colors to 1300 meters. in pastry. It is cooked from spotted and shiny white It is with yogurt and bulgur. to red. predominantly distributed in Black Sea and Aegean Regions. Asparagaceae Ornithogalum umbellatum L. Star of Sunbala Sakarca, Sakarcık, It is a perennial plant with It flowers from Leaves and It is used in making bread, Bethlehem Akyıldız, Çöplüce, bulbs below ground. Its leaves May to June. It bulbs it is roasted as plain or Karga Soğanı, are linear with a white stripe grows in semi- with egg; it is fried with Tükrük otu on the upper surface The shadow egg; it is cooked with flowers group in a corymbose woodland, cranberry molasses and it raceme with 6–20 flowers, and rural places, is also cooked with rice. are white with a green stripe wet meadows outside. coppice forests up to 1500 meters.

Boraginaceae Trachystemon orientalis (L.) Eastern Kaldirik Kaldırayak, Kaldırık, Eastern borage has the hairy Eastern borage Leaves, stams Flowering braches and G.Don borage Kalduruk, Galdirik, coarse-textured, heart-shaped is a perennial and flowers leafy stems of the plant (oriental Galdirek, Ispıt, leaves and stems. Tiny blue herb of the are consumed as borage) Zılbıt, Hodan, flowers of this plant emerge in family vegetable in the spring Zıbıdık, deremancarı, early spring. Boraginaceae. time in Black Sea Region. Burğı, Deve mancarı, Native to It can be eaten in various Tamara Blacksea different ways such as a region and can steamed salad with or be found along without yoghurt dressing the northern or roasted and also used in coast of a bulgur dish or put into Turkey at the pies. Moreover, Eastern elevation of borage can be pickled and 50-1000 m. It its larger leaves can be grows used for making stuffed extensively on rolls. shady riverbanks and in humid habitats. Brassicaceae Capsella bursa-pastoris (L.) Shepherd' Çobançantası Medik, kuşekmeği, It is an annual herbaceous It may grow up Aerial part, It can be eaten as raw and Medik. purse lamzam plant which has an erect stem 2000m leaves it is used in salads, rice covered with stellate hairs. It elevation. It meals, rice soups; it can can grow up to 55 cm. Its stem grows in be roasted with or without is smooth and it is branched at cultivated yogurt after boiling and it top. It is flowered from fields or waste can be cooked mixed with January to November. lands. curly dock. It is also used in pastry or pancakes Caryophyllaceae Silene vulgaris (Moench) Bladder Ecibücü Mendek, tavukayağı, It is a perennial plant reaching It grows up to Leaves It is cooked as plain Garcke campion kır marulu, şakşak, to 60 cm with flowered stem 9 3000 meters roasting or roasting egg; gıvışgan to 35 cm long and glabrous. height. It is it is used in pastry, yogurt This plant is sensitive to frost. meal, salting- meal, rice found in It is flowered from June to or bulgur meal and soups. August and its seeds ripen bushes, slopes from July to September. and open spaces.

Polygonaceae Rumex crispus L Curly dock Labada Kıvırcık labada, Curly duck is a perennial Curly duck Leaves The boiled leaves of curly labada otu, efelek, having stalks grows in a duck can be roasted and evelik, eveleyük, ekşi up to 100-150 cm high with wide variety of served with or without mancar, sığır kuyruğu shooting curled and wavy habitats mostly yogurt or use it in bulgur leaves from large basal at moist dishes and pilaf or its rosettes. The inflorescent has ground larger leaves are also dense flower clusters on conditions. stuffed. The sun dried branched stems the apex. The plant leaves are consumed in During the first year, especially can the winter time. it forms a basal rosette and in be found on the following year it shoots up riversides, with strong stalks. waste areas, meadows, fields or in shady parts of gardens, and at elevations up to 1500-2500 m. Polygonaceae Polygonum cognatum Meissn. Knotgrass Madımak İbi otu, kuşekmeği It is a perennial. It grows up to It grows 720- Leaves It is cooked as plain and (knotweed) 15-30 cm. It has ascending 3000 meters it is also cooked with branched stems and tuberous elevation. It bulgur or it is used in roots. Stems are prostrate. It grows soups. has rectangular ellipse leaf- naturally in stalk. Flowers clusters is in the road-sides,

leaf axils. Flower has pinkish slopes, cliffs color. and cultivated fields.

Smilacaceae Smilax excelsa L. Prickly ivy Dikenucu Kırçan, çoban It is a perennial which has It may grow Young shoots The young shoots can be ekmeği, dikenözü, climbing and thorny stem and up to 20 eaten raw or cooked. It is müzmelek, greenish flower. It has heart- meters with its cooked with tomato or müzmüldek, itmük, shaped leaves and climbing pepper paste as stew and özdikeni, öz, kırçıyık, plant. Its stem is woody and stems. This it can be roasted with melevcan, melocan, lower-parts of the stem are plant grows in eggs after boiling; it is melvocan, boylu thorny. roadsides, used as ingredient in gıcır, saparna, bushes and pastries. Anadolu saparnası, iz forest edges in dikeni, silcan, the spring. zimbilaçi, zimilaci, zimilas

Poaceae Triticum monococcum L. Einkorn Siyez Kaplıca, Kavulca, Einkorn is one of the earliest Accordingly is Einkorn wheat is used in wheat Iza cultivated wheat and considered as a traditional bread making considered as the ancestor of significantly or commonly is processed the modern wheat. It has been competitive into bulgur in stone mills domesticated for wheat cultivar and is used for dishes approximately 10000 years especially in such as sour pilaf, dry BC. in Turkey. With its single arid and barren pilaf or pilaf with tomato spikelet and thick husk, environmental paste. einkorn wheat is a disease, conditions. pathogen and drought resistant species.