INSIDE: • Interview with Kostiantyn Morozov -- page 3. • Catholic Church affairs ~ page 8. • Dr. Oleh Havrylyshyn analyzes Ukraine's economy — page 9. THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY Pubtished by the Ukrainian National Association inc., a fraternal non-profit association

Vol. LXI No. 48 ' THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, NOVEMBER 28, 1993 50 cents

Economic emergency Ukraine sticks to START conditions, despite angry reactions by Marta Kolomayets Reaction from Russia non-nuclear future. declaration looms "I have stood for, stand for and will Kyyiv Press Bureau Russia reacted angrily to Ukraine's KYYIV — Lacking quorum for a full continue to stand for a Ukraine that is KYYIV - Although Ukraine's conditional ratification of START I, say­ nuclear-free in the future. I will do every­ parliamentary debate, Ukraine's deputies ing that Ukraine's decision could destabi­ held an unscheduled joint session of the Parliament ratified the Strategic Arms thing to this end, because I see no other Reduction Treaty on Thursday, lize "the entire system of international path for Ukraine to take, both in its polit­ Supreme Council's standing committees relations, especially in Europe." on November 23, to discuss whether or November 18, the conditions it has set ical and economic aspects," he told not a state of economic emergency for implementation have caused quite a Russian Foreign Minister Andrei reporters on Monday afternoon, should be declared in the country. hostile reaction both in Russia and the Kozyrev said Ukraine's decision was November 22. United States. "very disturbing" because it raised ques­ Parliamentary Chairman Ivan Ukraine cannot use the nuclear But Ukraine's lawmakers say that tions about all arms-reduction agree­ Pliushch was away on a mission to the ments, reported The New York Times. weapons stationed on its territory, thus, Czech Republic, but was due back the these conditions, which could delay the ownership is devoid of real meaning, the following evening. Regularly scheduled dismantling process for years, are neces­ Russia and the West have said that president said. He said that the sessions were due to resume on sary because of this nation's financial sit­ Ukraine's failure to join the other three Parliament's resolution can only contain November 25, when it was expected that uation and unfulfilled Western pledges of ex-Soviet nuclear republics ~ Russia, economic and military-technological security guarantees. such a declaration would be issued, hav­ Belarus and Kazakhstan - in approving reservations, but not political stipula­ ing received support from Prime "Ukraine ratified this START accord START I had jeopardized the disarma­ tions, which could be interpreted as Minister Yukhym Zviahilsky. without guarantees of national security, ment process, because only after ratifica­ reluctance on the part of Ukraine to abide without indispensable financial aid from tion of the treaty could the more radical by its pledged obligations. According to a report filed to The the West and without compensation for START II, which calls for Russia and the Weekly by correspondent Olena Hubina, its tactical weapons transferred to United States to cut their nuclear arsenals However, now it seems unlikely that other supporters of such a measure includ­ Russia," said the chairman of the parlia­ by two-thirds, be implemented. the Ukrainian leader will be extended a ed the chairman of the standing Although the U.S. ambassador in much-anticipated invitation to the White Committee on Economic Affairs, Andriy mentary working group and deputy chair­ man of the Parliament, Vasyl Durdynets. Kyyiv, William G. Miller, has withheld House next month. Nor does it seems Pecherov, and former Deputy Prime likely that Bill Clinton will do a stop­ "But we ure not losiiig hope that the comment on Ukraine's ratification of Minister Ihor Yukhnovsky. Mr. Pecherov START I, in Washington, the State over in Kyyiv when he goes to Russia in said that energy prices and currency emis­ West will take steps to meet us, and will January. give us monetary aid for the destruction Department reacted with what The New sions had to be stabilized immediately. York Times labeled "quiet exasperation." As The Weekly was going to press, Mr. Yukhnovsky argued that trade, tariffs of nuclear weapons," he added. President Kravchuk still was awaiting a and taxation needed to be put in order. It will cost Ukraine over $3.8 billion "This action creates a new crisis in the telephone conversation with the U.S. (U.S.) to dismantle its entire nuclear arse­ efforts to bring the START I treaty into leader. Opponents of a state of emergency nal, which is the third largest in the force," Spurgeon M. Keeny Jr., president included the ethnic Russian economist world. About $1.6-1.7 billion will be of the private Arms Control Association, He told reporters that he would resub­ and Deputy Aieksandr Barabash, who needed to dismantle 36 percent of the told the Associated Press. mit the START I, Lisbon Protocol and said the extraordinary measures that nuclear weapons (as specified in the Nuclear Non-Proliferation treaties as a should be taken, in areas such as privati­ START I treaty Ukraine ratified), accord­ Assurances of non-nuclear future package to a new Parliament, due to be zation and market reform, could be ing to Valeriy Shmarov, the deputy prime President Leonid Kravchuk continues elected on March 27, 1994. He has had a applied by way of regular legal channels. minister on matters of military and to assure the internaUonal community difficult dme convincing the Ukrainian (Continued on page 4) defense conversion. that Ukraine is steadfastly committed to a (Continued on page 5)

Cleveland community unveils monument to victims of '33 famine PARMA, Ohio - Over 600 parishioners of St. Vladimir's Ukrainian Orthodox Cathedral and members of the Ukrainian community of Greater Cleveland gath­ ered on Sunday, October 31, in a cold rain to participate in the blessing of a monument dedicated to the memory of the over 7 million Ukrainians who died during the man-made Great Famine in Ukraine in 1933. The commemoration began with a hierarchical divine liturgy, celebrated by Archbishop Antony, who traveled from the Ukrainian Orthodox Church's diocesan center in South Bound Brook, N.J. Following the liturgy, a procession of church banners and flags representing various Ukrainian organizations, together with representatives from Plast, SUM-A and Ukrainian American veterans, led the clergy and faithful to the side of the cathedral - the site of the 11-foot-high monument - for its blessing. There, a memorial service was held for the victims of the Great Famine. Officiating at the service was Archbishop Antony, with the assistance of seven priests, one deacon and 18 altar boys. The cathedral choir sang the responses. Holy.water used in the blessing came from St. Arclibishop Antony blesses the monument dedicated to victims of the Great Famine after it was unveiled on Volodymyr's Cathedral in Kyyiv. Prior to the blessing, the grounds of St. Vladimir's Ukrainian Orthodox Cathedral in Parma, Ohio. (Continued on page 13) THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, NOVEMBER 28, 1993 No. 48 Ukraine triples peacekeepers by Marta Kolomayets this year that individuals engaged in Kyyiv Press Bureau peacekeeping efforts sponsored by the French, the Canadians and the Ambassador hints at U.S. assistance tanks have diesel engines, which differ KYYIV - Ukraine will triple the num­ Ukrainians in the former Yugoslavia had from tanks manufactured at the Omsk ber of its peacekeeping forces in Bosnia, been involved in black-marketeering, KYYIV - U.S. Ambassador to Ukraine plant in Russia, as well as from U.S.-made a Foreign Ministry official said on these criminal offenses remained uncon­ William G. Miller said that the United tanks, which use gas-turbine engines. Tuesday, November 23. firmed. States is ready to extend additional assis­ tance to Ukraine - close to $700 million In accordance with a decision passed With two more battalions of Ukraine's Writer's Union voices need for reforms (U.S.) - provided the Ukrainian govern­ by Ukraine's Parliament on Novembr 19, troops coming to Bosnia, Ukraine will be ment takes concrete steps aimed at stabi­ KYYIV — The Writer's Union of by the spring of 1994, Ukraine's peace­ among the top 20 countries engaged in lizing the economy. Speaking at a U.S. Ukraine (WUU) at a recent plenum adopt­ keeping troops will increase from the peacekeeping efforts around the world, Chamber of Commerce meeting in Kyyiv, ed an appeal expressing concern that pro­ current 400 to 1,220 soldiers in the secu- he noted. rity zones of Srebrenica, Zepce and on November 17, he said the money could gressive reforms are being blocked by Goradce with Muslim populations. Since the summer of 1992, five be granted through international financial "old economic and political structures" and that this is causing a shaф fall in liv­ The increase of troops comes at the Ukrainians have died in Yugoslavia; 21 institutions. (Interfax-Ukraine) ing standards and a rise in social tensions. request of the United Nations peacekeep­ have been injured, 10 of these seriously. Agricultural sector needs funds The appeal by the group, which spear­ ing forces. Mr. Yelchenko said that the new troops will leave for Yugoslavia as mili­ headed the movement for democratization "This attests to Ukraine's authority in KYYIV - President Leonid Kravchuk and national renewal in Ukraine in the late the international community and the high tary observers and civilian police of the told reporters the only real way to United Nations. He added that some of 1980s, also called on the president to take level of professionalism among its sol­ finance the agricultural sector in Ukraine steps to rectify "the catastrophic state of Ukraine's forces may participate in the diers," said Volodymyr Yelchenko, the today is through commercial banks. Ukrainian book publishing, the decline of new U.N. rapid deployment forces. deputy chairman of the division of interna­ Otherwise, he noted, Ukraine would have national cinema and theater and the short­ tional organizations at Ukraine's Ministry The United Nations Secretariat will to rely on further emissions. Earlier this age of school textbooks." The appeal was of Foreign Affairs, at a recent press brief­ pay Ukraine about $15 million (U.S.) in year, the National Bank of Ukraine used publishe in Literaturnaya Ukraina. ing. compensation; it costs Ukraine about $8 pressure on commercial banks in order to (RFE/RL Daily Report) Although the Western media reported million to deploy the troops. secure their assets in the form of cheap credits to finance the agro-industrial NBU issues 100,000 banknote complex. According to data supplied by the Ministry of Agriculture and Food, to KYYIV — The National Bank of Ambassador says Parliament's complete work on this year's crop, an Ukraine issued the 100,000 karbovanets additional 11-12 trillion karbovantsi are banknote on Wednesday, November 17. needed. Another 30 trillion of credits are The 10,000 and 20,000 notes were intro­ decision on START is first step required for next year. At present, the duced in June and the 50,000 note in Agriculture Ministry's debts on credits September. (Interfax-Ukraine) by Xenia Ponomarenko According to Counselor Kuchinsky, granted during the year is about 8 trillion UNA Washington Office the Parliament's deputies felt it was pre­ kbv.; the budget deficit is about 15 tril­ mature to accede to the NPT. That deci­ lion kbv (Interfax-Ukraine) WASHINGTON — The ambassador sion underscores that Ukraine is taking World does not end of Ukraine to the United States, speak­ steps to ensure the nuclear weapons Parliament acts on credits, taxes KYYIV — Confounding cult ing at a November 19 press conference, remaining on its territory will not be prophecies, the world failed to end, explained the Supreme Council's deci­ used, implicitly referring to the fact that KYYIV - Ukraine's Parliament adopt­ again, on Wednesday, November 24. sion to conditionally ratify the START I Russia has operational control over these ed a resolution on November 19, allowing Treaty. Ambassador Oleh Bilorus stated weapons. for emissions for the agricultural sector. With the leaders of the White that the historic decision should be quali­ Brotherhood doomsday cult behind It was pointed out that Ukraine also is The sum of the emission is be about 9.5 fied as a first step in the gradual disman­ bars in Kyyiv, only about a dozen or seeking reimbursement from Russia for trillion kbv. The Parliament also decided tlement of Ukraine's nuclear arsenal and so followers came to St. Sophia the tactical nuclear weapons that to impose an excise tax on imported goods that the ratification of START I permits Square on November 24, the original Ukraine, acting in good faith, has already (alcoholic beverages, tobacco products, President Leonid Kravchuk to enter into Judgement Day prophesied by Maria transferred to Russia. Counselor coffee, tea, color televisions, etc.) further negotiations with respective states Devi Khrystos and her husband, cult Kuchinsky stated that "Ukraine has not Previously, only import duty was imposed and international organizations in imple­ founder Yuri Kryvonohov. received one penny from Russia" for on such goods. The new tax was estimated menting the treaty. these tactical weapons. to increase Ukraine's budget revenue by The end of the world had been Ambassador Bilorus was assisted by over a trillion karbovantsi. The legislature moved up to November 14, but on Ambassador Bilorus emphasized that Minister-Counselor Valeriy Kuchinsky, also decided to lower the value limit on November 10, the two leaders, the current drastic state of Ukraine's who is familiar with the treaty discus­ goods brought into the country from along with a following, were arrest­ economy means dismantlement cannot sions that took place in Kyyiv. $5,000 (U.S.) to $1,400, and to relieve ed at the Cathedral of St. Sophia. occur without international economic individual enterprises from profit tax and Since late October, about 800 cult Pointing out that START I was ratified assistance. He suggested that the interna­ value-added tax. (Interfax-Ukraine) followers have been detained by by the Parliament 254 votes to 9 after tional community should set up an inter­ lengthy and emotional deliberations, the police; currently about 100 remain national fund to assist in the dismantle­ For sale: tanks made in Ukraine ambassador discussed some of the terms in detention centers or city hospitals. ment of Ukraine's nuclear weapons, as Maria Devi Khrystos and Yuri of the ratification. According to the deci­ KHARKIV - The Kharkiv-based proposed on numerous occasions by Kryvonohov are scheduled to stand sion, Ukraine will comply with the Malyshev factory, one of the largest tank President Kravchuk. trial before the New Year, according treaty's requirements of reducing its manufacturers in the former Soviet Union, During further questioning. to the city's procurator's office. They nuclear arsenal by destroying 36 percent has about 50 brand-new T-80 tanks, which Ambassador Bilorus was asked several could receive a maximum sentence of carriers and 42 percent of strategic Ukraine has been actively offering for sale times about the specific cost of disman­ of five years on criminal charges that nuclear warheads. Motivated by the on the international weaponry market. So tlement. He said it was roughly $2.8 bil­ include seizure of state property, international community's lack of under­ far, no deals to sell and purchase the tanks lion (U.S.), which includes the process of fraud and human rights violations. standing for the magnitude of Ukraine's have been reported, though negotiations dismantlement, as well as ecological and problems in disarming its nuclear arse­ with Pakistan appear to have entered an social costs. He noted that when a coun­ —Marta Kolomayets nal, especially with regard to its prob­ advanced stage with T-80s trials. T-80 lems with Russia, the Supreme Council try invests $10 billion into creating listed 13 reservations in the instruments nuclear weapons, it should spend a good of ratification. proportion of money in dismantling these weapons to "satisfy all interests Both the ambassador and Counselor involved." FOUNDED 1933 Kuchinsky emphasized throughout the THE UKRAINIAN WEELY He also said that a portion of briefing that this ratification is a positive, An English-language newspaper published by the Ukrainian National Association Inc., Ukraine's budget will now be set aside initial step in ensuring global nuclear a non-profit association, at 30 Montgomery St., Jersey City, N.J. 07302. deterrence. to add to the Nunn-Lugar funds ear­ marked for dismantling the nukes but, Second-class postage paid at Jersey City, N.J. 07302. The Parliament's reservations include: (ISSN - 0273-9348) that Ukraine considers the nuclear since it is in everyone's interest, the weapons on its soil to^be the "state prop­ entire international community must Yearly subscription rate: $20; for UNA members — $10. erty of Ukraine;" that Ukraine does not support Ukraine's efforts to become Also published by the UNA: Svoboda, a Ukrainian-language daily newspaper. consider Article V of the Lisbon Protocol nuclear-free. The Weekly and Svoboda: UNA: to be binding and therefore will not When asked about the status of the (201)434-0237,-0807,-3036 (201)451-2200 accede to the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Massandra Protocol, which had been Treaty (NPT); that if dismantlement of negotiated by President Kravchuk and the weapons occurs outside of Ukraine, Russian President Boris Yeltsin, Postmaster, send address Editor-in-chlef: Roma Hadzewycz Ukraine must directly control the process Ambassador Bilorus said this question changes to: Associate editor: Marta Kolomayets (KyyIv) The Ukrainian Weekly Assistant editor: Khrlstina Lew to ensure that the nuclear material is not should be asked of the Moscow leader­ P.O. Box 346 Staff writers/editors: Roman Woronowycz used to develop new weapons; and that ship, since Ukraine, unlike Russia, has a Jersey City, N.J. 07303 Andrlj Kudia Wynnyckyj the reduction of Ukraine's nuclear Parliament that must consider the mea­ weapons cannot occur without economic sure. He added that the Ukrainian gov­ The Ukrainian Weekly, November 28,1993, No. 48, Vol. LXI and technical assistance from the interna­ ernment needs more time to assess the Copyright © 1993 The Ukrainian Weekly tional community. situation. No. 48 THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, NOVEMBER 28, 1993 Gen. Morozov speaks on resignation, military doctrine; rebukes Russia This interview took place on November 5, at matters he must contend with are very important and and the government. After the military doctrine was Toronto \s Westin Harbour Castle Hotel, during the sixth very broad. They range from the handling of the general passed, so was this law. This enabled us to adopt a for­ World Congress of Free UkrainianSy to which the for­ staff administration, to making decisions with national mal defense budget for the remaining months of 1993 mer minister of defense of Ukraine was invited while political implications. and for the near future. still a member of the Cabinet. At a press conference on My term was largely concerned with the establish­ This was an area in which considerable opposition November 4, Gen. Morozov intimated that he intended ment of an independent military force. This work must was directed at me personally and at many officials of to retire from Ukraine's armed forces and to stand for be continued, and whether or not it has been is very dif­ the defense ministry. A lack of funding for the military election to the Supreme CounciL The interview was ficult to judge. could have led to considerable tension, schism and disil­ conducted by Andrij Wynnyckyj. lusionment in the officer corps, and thus a sharp decline There have been two points of view recently in the Combat readiness of our forces. Did you resign as defense minister, or were you offered in the diaspora concerning Ukraine's mili­ For all of these reasons I considered the passage of forced from office? tary doctrine. At a recent conference. Gen. Nicholas this doctrine essential. Despite the delays, it is timely. Krawciw [US Army, retired] said that delays in its After closely studying the situation I faced prior to adoption had led to demoralization. Here at the Do you believe that Ukraine's ability to finance its my parliamentary review for reappointment, I reached WCFU congress. Prof. John Jaworsky [political sci­ armed forces depends on sharp reductions in personnel? the conclusion that I would not be confirmed as defense ence. University of Waterloo] suggested that Ukraine minister. There have been proposals to reduce the armed forces did not need one. What are your thoughts on the Apart from that, I had sensed an unwillingness to in order to lighten the burden on the state budget. matter? accept my positions by the leadership of the govern­ However, at the present time such a position is wrong. ment, so I decided to withdraw my candidacy for the As you mention, the work on the passing of a military Until the basic elements of our national defense sys­ post. doctrine for Ukraine was considerably drawn out. In my tems are identified and the combat readiness of the army view, this was a reflection of the political ambitions of in particular is assured, we cannot proceed with irre­ Was this largely a result of the dissenting position certain legislators who opposed me personally. This led sponsible haste to the question of cuts in personnel. you took on the Massandra agreement, or was to an extraordinary number of questions, commentaries, President Leonid Kravchuk responding to pressure Secondly, in Ukraine we unfortunately lack the eco­ misunderstandings and rejections. The manner in which from those in favor of a slower pace of Ukrainization nomic resources to deal quickly with the needs of ser­ the draft of the military doctrine was finally adopted, in of the country's armed forces? vice personnel if large-scale reductions were to be made. October, underscores my belief. This [the size of the army] will remain the same for the He came to the conclusion that my positions do not moment, in order to maintain socio-political stability coincide with his on these and many other points. I con­ among the rank-and-file as well as in the officer corps, cluded that the president's support would not be forth­ which is currently the main safeguard in our effort to coming during my review in the parliament, so I with­ reform the military. drew my candidacy. Turning to the international arena, what is your Although you've resigned as minister, aren't you reaction to Russian Foreign Minister Andrei are still a member of the general staff of the Kozyrev's warnings that Ukraine's nuclear arsenal is Ukrainian Armed Forces? in such a state of disrepair that a worse catastrophe No, that is no longer the case. After I asked that my than Chornobyl could occur? Can this be dismissed name be taken off the slate, the president called a meet­ as a provocation? ing of the higher echelon of the armed forces, [On November 4], I gave an interview on the Ukrainian announced my resignation and passed authority tem­ international radio network in which I characterized these porarily over to my deputy [Gen. Ivan Bizhan]. This statements as a substitution of the desired for the real. move was confirmed by presidential decree later that In taking this kind of position, Mr. Kozyrev is obvi­ day. I was thus relieved of all duties in the Ministry of ously appealing to world opinion in order to increase Defense and as a member of the General Staff. pressure in Ukraine. He is also trying to frighten the And so, I have been discharged after two years of ser­ public in Ukraine and in neighboring countries. , vice. My term was due to expire in December anyway. [Mr. Kozyrev] is in no way qualified or otherwise in In any case, I have not been assigned to any duties with­ a position to give technical assessments or prognoses in the army. I see no other possible course other than to about Ukraine's weapons systems. issue yet another statement, this one announcing my First of all, his reference to the consequences of retirement from the armed forces. Chornobyl, a tragedy endured by Ukraine's people, is You're resigning your commission as general? nothing short of barbaric, cruel and anti-Christian. Such grave concerns should never be bandied abpuV so cava­ Right. I see no other course. lierly. Questions that have such far-reaching conse­ Do you intend to run in the March elections to the quences for our people should always be treated with the Supreme Council, or for the presidency in June? utmost respect and gravity. Secondly, to address the technical aspect of these I have already decided not to abandon the effort that I allegations, I also believe that [Mr. Kozyrev] exceeded was called on to assist, that is, the process of state-build­ ing. I also wish to continue working to strengthen Gen. Kostiantyn Morozov his jurisdiction. About a month or month and a half ago, at the invitation of the Ukrainian government, tech- Ukraine's independence. I have consulted with some of The document itself was of paramount importance. Of my supporters and have decided to announce my candi­ nicians from the Russian Federation arrived on course, you can build an army for defense and then train Ukrainian territory to assist ours in the evaluation of the dacy to our new Parliament. without it. Throughout its history, the former Soviet Union As far as the presidency is concerned, it is much too status of our weapons systems. ! never had one, at least not that was made public. Many Both sides agreed on measures that had to be taken, and early to speak of such things. Our first task is to elect a other states feel perfectly comfortable without a doctrine. more democratic Parliament. that a political decision concerning these weapons should For us in Ukraine, however, such a document was be reached as soon as possible. However, charges that Will you be running as a member of one of the definitely needed, if only to chart the course for the fur­ Ukraine's approach to the maintenance of dangerous war­ existing political parties? ther development of our defenses and our armed forces. heads on its territory is inappropriate are absolutely false. The most important feature of the doctrine was that it I have an understanding with many parties of democ­ I can attest personally to the fact that those warheads asserted the independence and autonomy of our military ratic orientation, and many have expressed their support that constituted a present danger have either already and its non-bloc status. for me. But I will not be running as a candidate of one been shipped or are being prepared for expedition to the This non-bloc status is of of the highest importance of these parties, rather as an independent. I am quite special factories and enteфrises that are devoteid to the today because, although some speak of the possibility of willing to work with all parties that are dertiocratic and neutralization of nuclear weapons. Ukraine's inclusion in NATO, something I would favor, The rest of the weapons that are stable are being have the national interest in mind. there looms the possibility that Ukraine might be drawn maintained and safeguarded as they should, under the into the formation of a joint force with that of the CIS. Will you continue to work within the system in supervision of technicians and other personnel who have This is contrary to both our foreign policy and the very terms of military training and the Ukrainization of been performing these functions for many years now, legislative fabric of our state. the army? even prior to independence. Therefore, it is very important that the non-bloc status Yes, 1 intend to apply my future position in the Ukraine has not placed any "new technicians" at of Ukraine be maintained. It does not preclude any Parliament, which has a role to play in this area, to this weapons sites, as [Mr. Kozyrev] has recently, alleged. In search for broader contacts with NATO countries and end exactly. my opinion, Russia is itself a considerable source of ten­ with our neighbors in Central and Eastern Europe. sion and instability, both in the arms control process and How do your positions differ from those of your Other provisions of the doctrine that are also impor­ in the process leading up to the ratification of START successor. Gen. Vitally Radetsky? tant concern national policy with regard to the technical and other treaties. development and the weapons used by our armed forces. It is still too early to make any kind of analysis of his In fact, there has not been a single event to suggest These were necessary if only to set out the way they decisions, but at first glance, some differences have that Ukraine or its technicians are either caring inade­ would be financed. appeared. In particular, a number of my directives have quately for the weapons on their territory, or contribut­ At a time when our military-industrial complex has to been rescinded, including those concerning the preven­ ing to the proliferation of nuclear technology. This is be completely reorganized, we need to have a clearly tion of illegal use of military air transport, and those formulated framework to start from. This doctrine pro­ quite inconvenient for the Russian Federation, because it concerning cooperation between the military and certain vided a point of departure for legislation concerning the gives them no factual basis for the public declarations democratic civic groups to further Ukrainization. structure and size of our armed forces. that some of their officials are prone to. However, I would not like to draw any premature This question was debated and worked on extensively I can tell you that still in May of this year, the conclusions. The duties of a minister of defense and by the parliamentary committees, the defense ministry (Continued on page 16) THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, NOVEMBER 28,1993 No. 48 WCFU panel discusses education in Ukraine and diaspora's role by Oksana Zakydalsky the council plans to organize and support in Ukraine. Ten students and teachers of Classes were held over a two-week education programs related to Ukraine. English from Ukraine spent three weeks period, five days a week with a total of TORONTO — If the political and eco­ As its motto for the next five years, the in the U.S. as guests of Siena College. 60 hours of instruction. There was one nomic structures of the Ukrainian diaspora council has chosen "With Ukraine, into There were some unique aspects to this instructor from Canada per course, and were found wanting and unprepared for the future." It has designated the necessi­ program. The participants chosen were he or she was responsible for the content the new reality of an independent Ukraine, ty of teacher training in all countries as a all from the oblast of Sumy in eastern and the form of participant evaluation. Ukrainian educators in the diaspora were priority and declared its support for the Ukraine. The Ukrainian teachers taking Six courses were given with an average quick to take up the challenge. Today following: the Institute for Teachers' part put together a guide, together with of 22 participants per course. there are not only coundess "ridna shko- Professional Development (Toronto), the their American instructors, for learning Andrij Melnyk, principal, conducted a las" (Ukrainian studies school) and Pedagogical Institute of the Ukrainian English to,be used in Ukraine. The pro­ course for school administrators; Mr. Ukrainian parochial school teachers, but Free University (Munich), the annual gram was carried out in several stages Zerebecky gave a course on Ukrainian as many professional teachers from Canadian Teachers Seminar of the Education with the American teachers going to a second language for teachers of or American school systems — some flu­ Council of the Ukrainian Congress Ukraine this summer in order to do a fol­ Ukrainian-in Russian-language schools ent in Ukrainian, others less so — who are Committee of America (sponsored by the low-up immersion course in English for in the predominantly Russian-speaking helping to build the foundations of a new Ukrainian National Association), and the participants. regions of Ukraine; and Dr. Wynnyckyj education system in Ukraine. teachers' seminars in Australia. George Zerebecky, consultant with the taught a course for teachers of English. Beginning with the first Ukrainian set­ Ministry of Education, Saskatchewan, There were two courses for primary Education in Ukraine and the diaspora tlements in North America, Ukrainian spoke about a student exchange program grade teachers: on language arts (Ms. schools became a standard fixture of On November 4, as part of the plenary between Ukrainian secondary school stu­ Werbowy-Onuch) and social science most immigrant communities throughout session of the WCFU congress, a panel dents of English from Chernivtsi and (Halyna Dytyniak). Valentyna Kuryliw, a the world. Waves of immigrants brought discussion on "Education in Ukraine and Ukrainian Canadian high school students high school history teacher, conducted a both new teachers and continuously fed the Role of the Diaspora" was held, from Saskatoon. The motivation for this course for teachers of history. Ms. Luciw the Ukrainian school systems. The most chaired by Nadia Luciw, principal of St. program was not only to give the was the coordinator of the program. recent example was the countless ex-pro­ Sophia School (Mississauga, Ontario) Ukrainian students exposure to English, The format of the courses consisted of fessors of Galician gymnasiums (sec­ and adjunct professor at York University. but to give the Canadian students a nec­ discussions in groups and the preparation ondary schools) and universities who In her introductory remarks, Ms. essary shot of Ukrainian, which they are of projects — both group and individual. came in the post-war period and volun­ Luciw divided assistance to education in learning in an increasingly totally The course loads were extremely heavy teered to spend their free time in drafty Ukraine into three categories: acquain­ English-speaking environment. Mr. and, according to Dr. Wynnyckyj, the par­ church basements or barely furnished tance of Ukrainian educators with Zerebecky pointed out that this was one ticipants at first rebelled at the idea of hav­ school rooms instilling Ukrainian history Western school systems and teaching example of how independent Ukraine can ing to do assignments during out-of-class and language lessons into their progres­ methods used in the West; organization come to the assistance of the diaspora in hours. As well, they found the class format sively more reluctant charges. and implementation of teacher training its continuing struggle to maintain a initially threatening because they were not But it has paid off. As Iroida courses; and assistance in the preparation Ukrainian identity. used to openly stating their opinions. Wynnyckyj, re-elected to head the and publication of teaching programs, A new, ambitious and potentially very The aim of the courses, according to Education Coordinating Council of the textbooks, school books and audio-visual far-reaching education program under­ Dr. Wynnyckyj, was "not to give the par­ World Congress of Ukrainians, said at teaching aids. taken by the Institute for Teachers' ticipants information about the subject the international body's congress, She gave a brief description of the vari­ Professional Development was described matter or the methodology of the particu­ 'Today it is the young people who went ous education projects related to Ukraine by Dr. Wynnyckyj. The institute was lar subject. Rather, the aim was to awaken through Ukrainian schools and youth that had been reported to the council: founded in Toronto at the beginning of in the teachers and the school administra­ organizations who are the ones going to English-language courses organized in 1993 and is headed by Ms. Luciw. tors the ability to analyze themselves criti­ Ukraine to help in the country of their 1992 and 1993 by Dr. Zirka Voronka and Together with the City of Lviv Board of cally and, together with their colleagues, parents and grandparents." sponsored by the UNA; the publication of Education, the institute organized seek out solutions to their common prob­ The Education Coordinating Council primary grade textbooks coordinated by teacher-training courses that were held in lems. Each of the instructors tried to stress was set up with the founding of the Dr. Roman Voronka and financed by July/August in Lviv. that the teacher must be constandy aware World Congress of Free Ukrainians funds gathered in the U.S. via the Coordi­ The program was prepared by eight of the child's needs and interests and, in (WCFU) in 1967 to coordinate education nating Council to Aid Ukraine; and persons from Canada, all accredited the case of the administrators, of the needs programs and the exchange of teaching teacher training courses organized in the teachers with Canadian teaching experi­ of the teachers. The instructors were com­ materials among its members. It has last three years by Oksana Wynnyckyj and ence. The courses given were similar to mitted to the idea that the school should already seen two new generations of Mirka Werbowy-Onuch With the coopera­ the kind regularly offered through the aid in the development of each individual Ukrainians born in the diaspora. As today tion of the City of Lviv School Board. provincial Ministries of education in con- child and should help the child develop there is no longer any doubt that the dias­ The panel discussion highlighted three junction with local universities across the skills which will enable him or her to pora will continue to exist, the council other education programs related to Canada. A total of 127 teachers and edu­ solve problems both individually and in has taken upon itself both the task of Ukraine. Dr. Lydia Tarnawska of Siena cators from Ukraine — 59 from western cooperation with others." helping to make the diaspora strong and College, N.Y., described the project she Ukraine and 68 from the eastern and All of those who registered completed helping it adjust to the existence of an organized last year with the purpose of southern regions, representing 13 oblasts their courses, agreed they had learned a independent Ukraine. At the same time. furthering English-language instruction — took part. tremendous amount and were eager to repeat the experience the following sum­ mer, said Dr. Wynnyckyj. A similar teacher-training program is being orga­ MBA Students from Lviv study at Wayne State U. nized for the coming summer, to be held in Odessa.

Economic... (Continued from page 1) Mr. Barabash said what mattered was the proper implementation of existing laws and not officially sanctioned lawlessness. This sentiment was echoed by Stepan Khmara, who also said that such declara­ tions paved the way to dictatorship. Taking a cue from a discussion of the perilous state of Ukraine's economy, Ms. Hubina reported, a group of deputies from Luhanske suggested that President Leonid Kravchuk be removed from his post and the existing Cabinet be replaced with a slate proposed by the Supreme Council. According to Ms. Hubina's report, the proposition was put forward by members of the ''enteфrise directors' lobby." Speaking against the motion, Mykhailo Kosiv, a deputy from Lviv, drew a parallel between this move and The third group of MBA students from Ivan Franko Lviv State University, who have annually spent time in the U.S. getting first- the Russian Parliament's attempt to oust hdnd exposure to business American-style, dropped by the UNA offices on October 29 before returning to Ukraine. They had President Boris Yeltsin. Ms. Hubina spent six weeks taking courses at Wayne State University in Detroit and visiting businesses there and in Philadelphia. They quoted Mr. Kosiv, who called for a more also traveled to Washington and New York. The Ukrainian Professional Society of Philadelphia (UPS) coordinated their travel peaceful approach to the problems facing on the East Coast, and Wayne State University handled the group's stay in Detroit. The UNA, Wayne State University and the Ukraine, and said that such political con­ UPS sponsored the students' trip. Pictured are the students with UNA executives, leaders of the UPS and members of the U.S. frontations "could destroy Ukraine's Peace Corps In Ukraine who traveled with the group. independence in a matter of months." No. 48 THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, NOVEMBER 28, 1993

Immigration to Canada from Ukraine falls below expectations Report from Brussels

by Christopher Guly European Community OTTAWA — Ukrainian immigration concerned with stability to Canada over the past 18 months has fallen far below expectations, says Eugen by Christine Medycky Duvalko, executive director of the BRUSSELS - Against the backdrop Canadian Ukrainian Immigrant Aid of growing economic malaise and ethnic Society based in Toronto. violence, the leaders of the member- Between January 1, 1992, and August states of the European Community met 31, 1993, the Canadian Embassy in recently in Brussels for a Special Session Kyyiv processed only 352 formal appli­ of the European Council. Called on short cations and issued 121 immigrant visas. notice after the ratification by Germany That's a far cry from the 10,000 of the Maastricht Treaty, the summit Ukrainians the society would like to see was, above all, a ^how of renewed soli­ passing through the Canadian mission in darity and commitment to the process of Ukraine annually, explained Mr. closer political, economic and monetary Duvalko. Canada currently accepts about integration. Several important issues, 250,000 immigrants per year. including the situation in Russia and The 28-year-old executive director other new independent states, were dis­ was in Ottawa recently speaking to the cussed at the one-day gathering on Ukrainian Canadian Professional and October 29. Business Association of Ottawa on Among the most controversial was the Ukrainian immigration to Canada in the venue of the European Monetary Institute, 1990s. the forerunner of the EC Central Bank. He said part of the reason for the low Frankfurt, which is already home to the numbers of Ukrainian immigrants lies in Bundesbank, was elected as the site for the inadequate staffing and facilities at the new institution. Although Britain and the Canadian Embassy in Ukraine. The Eugen Duvalko (right), executive director of the Canadian Ukrainian Immigrant France were fearful of the implications of immigration section at the embassy is Aid Society, with Bob Mykytiuk, CUIAS president. such a move on both future European staffed by only three officers in crammed "Ukrainians do fine on the first two forms, to finding work, to getting finan­ monetary policy and on the status of their quarters. As a result, applicants are often points," said Mr. Duvalko, "but the high cial support once they're here," he said. own financial centers. Chancellor Helmut processed too quickly. emphasis on language skills is a signifi­ "We're dealing with a different immi­ Kohl greeted the move as a necessary step However, a spokesperson for the cant barrier." He said he doesn't expect grant experience. It's no longer a case of of reassurance for Germany citizens. newly organized federal Citizenship and that to change under Canada's new workers with calloused hands. Old family After all, he claimed, it is they who are Immigration Department in Ottawa said Liberal government. order no longer applies. Often, women being asked to give up their stable actual Ukrainian immigration to Canada On November 4, Toronto (York West) find work before men. And there's an deutsche mark once a common currency has increased over the past year. Member of Parliament Sergio March! increase in the incidence of domestic vio­ is introduced in 1999. In addition, head­ Caroline Hackland said 98 Ukrainians became Canada's new cidzenship and lence. The Metro Toronto Police quarters were chosen for eight other new arrived in Canada last year. Of these, 47 immigration minister. Winnipeg's Lloyd Department has been receiving calls from specialized agencies to be located in vari­ came under the "family" class, 33 were Axworthy assumed control of the huge wives who need counseling." ous EC member states. assisted relatives, such as siblings, 11 human resources portfolio, which Mr. Duvalko added that the CUIAS, With the Maastricht Treaty entering were independents (or individuals), and includes employment issues. with a $220,000 annual budget and staff into force on November 1, the European seven were considered refugees. That's a shift from Brian Mulroney's of three, is unable to handle the task heads of government used the opportuni­ But between January and May 1993, the Cabinet, which had employment ahd alone. ty of this Special Council to underline numbers jumped to 212. Ninety-nine immigration fall under one department. However, he suggested that various the growing need to develop common arrived in the family category, 48 as assist­ And despite the shift in administration, Ukrainian Canadian organizations might foreign and security policies so as to deal ed relatives, 52 as independents, eight as Mr. Duvalko noted he expects the consider supporting Ukrainian immi­ more effectively with increasing geopo­ refugees, and five who fell under the entre­ Canadian government to keep a tight grants through in-home care-giver pro­ litical problems. preneurial "business" designation. reign over refugee status applications. grams, volunteer work or as students. Five areas in which the EC countries The Ukrainian Canadian Social Services "I'm not sure whether we want to advo­ In a discussion following his presenta­ share common interests and for which agency in Edmonton, one of 12 affiliated cate Ukraine as a country that produces tion, Mr. Duvalko denied the society was joint action is required were^ delineated with the Ukrainian Canadian Congress refugees," he said. draining Ukrainians from their relatively by the European Council. At the top of across the country, has also sponsored 220 Mr. Duvalko added that even making new democratic country. "They're going the list was the promotion of stability Ukrainian Bosnian refugees this year. So the case for discrimination against to leave, especially academics and pro­ and peace in Europe. Special emphasis far, 153 have arrived in Canada. Ukrainians in Russia, the Baltic states fessionals seeking better pay, whether we was placed on the reinforcement of Still, Mr. Duvalko says that potential and Central Asian republics doesn't hold like it or not. We're just trying to make democratization and regional coopera­ Ukrainian immigrants destined for Canada, as much weight as the argument for per- the best of a situation." tion in Central and Eastern Europe. due to a beleaguered domestic economy, securion. "You need more black-and- Closer examinafion of a stability pact are faced with significant roadblocks. For But he said he worries the current immi­ white arguments like what's happening between Western; and Eastern Europe, instance, money is a factor, with a single gration process to Canada could undergo in Bosnia," he explained. first proposed by French Prime Minister adult non-refundable application running further changes to make it even harder for And under the family-class category, Edouard Balladur, was called for. Such a at $450 (Canadian), For a family of four, Ukrainians. Mr. Duyalko said the extending it beyond the immediate nuclear pact would attempt to resolve the explo­ that number jumps to $ 1,050. Canadian government might pursue its family would only open up the field to sive minoriries problem in Europe as The Canadian Embassy also requires more people coming from countries larger current "hub-and-spoke" system in stream­ lining its foreign missions. If so, the well as to reinforce the inviolability of an individual to hold at least $7,000 in than Ukraine, said Mr. Duvalko. present borders. assets, while a family of four needs at That's why the Canadian Ukrainian Ukrainian Embassy could be amalgamated As a sign of support for President least $15,000. Immigrant Aid Society is focusing on get­ with its Russian counterpart in Moscow. Boris Yeltsin's push for democracy and And under the previous conservative ting Ukrainians to come to Canada under Canada has already closed several of in response to the Russian government's federal government's independent immi­ the independent or business categories. its consular offices in the United States request, the EC, the European Pariiament grant category, applicants scored higher However, Mr. Duvalko explained that the and Europe. "There's even talk of maybe and other international organizations will if they displayed a strong background in Ukrainian Canadian community must sharing space with the Australians (who send observers to the upcoming technical skills, higher education and an help Ukrainians get settled in Canada. have an immigration policy similar to December 12 parliamentary elections. ability to function in Canada's two offi­ "They need help with everything from Canada's) in certain Asian countries," As to ex-Yugoslavia, efforts will con­ cial languages (English and French). properly completing their application Mr. Duvalko said. centrate on humanitarian aid. The EC leaders called on the warring parties to provide security guarantees for the safe tough conditions, Mr. Shmarov was opti­ made in Russia. These weapons can be passage of humanitarian aid to Bosnia- Ukraine sticks... mistic about Ukraine keeping to a seven- dismantled only where they were made," Herzegovina; this in response to the (Continued from page 1) year time frame to eliminate its nuclear said Mr. Shmarov. recent shooring of a U.N. aid worker. legislature that Ukraine should become arsenal. "I am positive about this ratification. The council also pledged to assist in the non-nuclear in one sweeping motion and, "START I imposes a seven-year period Ukraine is not changing its plans about repair of priority roaids. Although troops over the past year, the Ukrainian for the destruction. We will be in keeping becoming a non-nuclear state," added could be deployed to protect these pas­ Parliament has retreated a long way from with this timetable, but don't exclude the Mr. Durdynets. sages, there was no EC commitment to Mr. Kravchuk's promises to the West. possibility that it will be quicker," he said. However, Stepan Khmara, a leading direct military intervention. "The ratification of START 1 with a The Ukrainian Parliament has lawmaker from western Ukraine who says Other areas of foreign policy empha­ number of conditions, will give the world demanded international financial com­ Ukraine's nuclear weapons boost its inter­ sis included plans to assist in the imple­ the opportunity to realize what problems pensation and guarantees for its national national standing, is smiling these days. mentation of the Middle East peace plan we are faced with, what problems will security. It claims ownership of its "I'm smiling because Ukraine is a and support for the democratic transition have to be examined in further negotia­ nuclear weapons and wants to witness the nuclear state. We legislators dictate the in South Africa. tions," said Ukraine's Foreign Minister dismantlement of its weapons if it takes policy here; it is not in the hands of the In an effort to further demonstrate its Anatoliy Zlenko. place on foreign territory. Ukrainian, or the American, president," support for the democratization process, Although the ratified accord imposes "Ukraine's nuclear weapons were he said. (Continued on page 13) THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, NOVEMBER 28,1993 No. 48

Journalist's notebooli THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY in Ul^raine by Marta Kolomayets The verdict on OSI Kyyiv Press Bureau The OSI engaged in "prosecutorial misconduct that constituted fraud on the court." That was the November 17 ruling of the United States Court of Appeals for the 6th Circuit in this latest judicial round of the John Demjanjuk case. Benetton and the Ukrainian spirit Because the Office of Special Investigations had concealed exculpatory evi­ dence from the Demjanjuk defense and U.S. courts, "act[ing] with reckless dis­ Communism may have physically keep them waiting in the freezing cold regard for the truth," the court reversed its own 1986 extradition order, which killed close to 20 million Ukrainians over while you and your co-workers pace idly had paved the way for Mr. Demjanjuk to be tried in Israel on charges he was the past 70-something years, but it also about," I said. "And, I would like you to Treblinka's notorious "Ivan the Terrible." killed 52 million spiritually. speak to me in the state language. As our readers may recall, the Cincinnati court had reopened the Demjanjuk Nothing better illustrated this point to "I can bet my last coupons that at a case after it became clear that Mr. Demjanjuk's extradition may have been a me than an incident last Sunday in Benetton in New York I would hear mistake "because it was based on erroneous information." The court acted on its Kyyiv. I was walking along the main English, and not French," I added, get­ own initiative, citing its power to grant relief for "after-discovered fraud." That street, the Khreshchatyk, and decided to ting more and more agitated. courageous move was vilified by supporters of the Justice Department's Nazi- stop by the Benetton store, which opened "Can you close the door, there's a hunting unit, among them several prominent Jewish organizations and leading here in the spring. draft," shouted the cashier, flipping activist lawyers like Alan Dershowitz. One of the Circuit Court's judges, It was a bitterly cold afternoon, and I through a magazine at the register. Gilbert Merritt, became the object of a campaign to prevent his nomination to thought a brightly colored Benetton "It's cold in here? Try standing out­ the Supreme Court. As columnist Carl Rowan wrote, "American Jews who backpack would be just what I needed to side for 20 minutes," I said. "How can were furious over Merritt's search for the truth bombarded the White House, cheer me up. you treat customers this way?" I said, effectively wiping out Merritt as a candidate. Merritt never put a possible Now, you won't find a Gap, a Macy's now raising my voice. Supreme Court appointment above his concerns about justice." or a Filene's Basement in Kyyiv, but "That's the way we do things in this His "search for truth" showed, as the Court of Appeals noted, that "The atti­ Benetton here is a pioneer, carrying a country," said the blonde, thinking that I tude of the OSI attorneys toward disclosing information to Demjanjuk's coun­ sel was not consistent with the government's obligation to work for justice smaller selection but the same merchan­ was just a tourist passing through. "We'll rather than for a result that favors its attorneys' preconceived ideas of what the dise I have seen in New York, Chicago let you in next," she said, thinking this outcome of legal proceedings should be." The quest also revealed the existence and Rome. would comfort me in some absurd way. of enormous political pressures brought to bear in this case and the OSI's So, when I want to "get away" from "I don't want to be let in to your store. shameful groveling before special interests to ensure its own existence. The the kiosks and flea-market shopping, This is a store from the capitalist coun­ result: a "win-at-any cost attitude" at the Office of Special Investigations that where hundreds of people gather at the tries in the West; as part of a chain, it has led to peфetration of "fraud on the court." A fraud that was made easier by the city's sports stadium and display mer­ a certain standard, a certain tradition it civil, not criminal, nature of these proceedings. chandise they bought on trips to Poland, should maintain throughout the world," I Though the Appeals Court's ruling is a major victory for John Demjanjuk, Turkey and China, I go to Benetton. said, preaching the wonders of the "cus­ the case is not yet over, as the 73-year-old former autoworker, now back home But my idea is not unique. Benetton tomer is always right"policy . in a Cleveland suburb, must fight to regain his U.S. citizenship and ward off has become so popular that every day I walked out, plotting out a plan in my the Justice Department's attempts to deport him. His son-in-law Edward there is a line in front of the store, with mind to go talk to the manager next week Nishnic has said the case for restoring Mr. Demjanjuk's citizenship based on its window displays of brightly colored and to write a letter to Benetton coфorate the argument that "he was wrongfully denaturalized based on fraud," looks sweaters, English-language advertise­ headquarters about the lack of courtesy strong, but acknowledged that the case could drag on for years. ments promoting the "United Colors of in one of their stories. Meanwhile, the OSI, discredited though it may be, will continue its work, Benetton" and the sign "Visa, Eurocard I went about half a block before turn­ literally toying with the lives of suspects. It will continue to try these cases and American Express accepted here." ing back to the ever-growing line in the based on civil law, where the standards of proof and legal safeguards are much So, I, too, got in line, which now num­ ever-growing cold. I looked at all of the less rigorous than in criminal proceedings. That is why, both Mr. Nishnic and bered over a dozen people. After the first people - men and women, young adults John Demjanjuk Jr. have pledged to fight for the criminalization of these cases 20 minutes of stomping my feet to keep and teenagers - freezing for a glimpse of — "so that no one else will have to face the same nightmare," to quote Mr. warm, trying to ignore the neon sign the West, perhaps wondering how they Nishnic. which kept flashing "-10" and thinking could afford sweaters for $75 on a salary If the Justice Department cares about justice, it will support criminalization of the hot chocolate I would make when I of $10 per month. got home, I noticed that the line was of legal proceedings against suspected war criminals, as Canada and Australia "How can you people allow the store­ have done. moving very, very slowly. The people ahead of me had already asked if they keepers to do this to you. Don't you see could be let in, but they were refused and they don't care that they have kept you did not inquire why they could not enter waiting in the cold for half an hour. It's the store, which had only two customers like this in every aspect of your society," inside. I said. "Look at the Supreme Council; they also don't care about you - other­ Turning the pages back. I began a conversation with my fellow wise you could be shopping in these would-be shoppers, explaining that I had stores, living easier," I said. "Do some­ shopped in Benetton's in the West and thing to change your lives. Vote democ­ the only time there was ever a line in ratically in the next elections." Ukraine's most prominent philosopher, Hryhoriy front of the store was right after Skovoroda, was born in Chornukhy, a village near Lubni. Christmas when the sales were so phe­ Nobody responded to my emotional Educated at the Kyyiv-Mohyla Academy, he left after two nomenal it was worth risking your life to outburst, and I turned away to go home, years of a four-year course to serve as a tutor. Over the period of 1759-1769, he get the deal of the century. They were dejected, because I felt they are not taught poetics, Greek and ethics at Kharkiv College, with frequent intervals. pleasant and allowed me to make my standing up for themselves. Perhaps they way to the front of the line. I walked in are getting what they deserve, I thought An accomplished chorister, Skovoroda sang in Empress Elizabeth's court Kapelle to myself in St. Petersburg (1741-1744) and served as the music director at a Russian imperial and asked to see the manager. But, as I started walking, two women mission in Hungary (1745-1750). "He's not in, he'll be back in half an answered: "We agree with you." And Skovoroda was dismissed from Kharkiv College in 1769, and after he abandoned hour," said the young man at the door in hope of securing a permanent position there, he spent the rest of his life wandering Russian, although I spoke to him in those four words gave me hope that per­ about eastern Ukraine, supported by friends. It is thanks to these benefactors, who Ukrainian. haps one day things here will get better. circulated his manuscripts, that his written works were preserved. "Then I'd like to see the person in * * * Skovoroda was prolific — translating the classics (Ovid, Horace, Cicero and charge," I said. That was a silly question P.S. I am planning to write a letter to Plutarch), crafting philosophical treatises (12 dialogues and a major work on Christian because, as we all know, in this post- Benetton's international headquarters and morality), collecting fables, writing songs and poems (some became widely popular and Soviet society no one is ever responsible to find the manager of the store to see meshed with Ukrainian folklore), and engaging in a wide-ranging correspondence. His for anything - starting from the president what his explanation is for the needless collection of 30 verses, "Sad Bozhestvennykh Pesen"^ became a classic in its own right. and down the line to a store clerk. I have long lines. So, look for the ongoing saga According to Dr. Taras Zakydalsky's entry in the Encyclopedia of Ukraine, for always believed that this country should in this space. I'll let you know how Skovoroda, philosophy was a practical guide to happiness. Selecting elements of the sponsor an Al Haig assertiveness course, things turn out. teachings of the Stoics, the Cynics, Epicurus, Aristotle and Plato, he assured those he molding individuals who are ready to taught that what is necessary is easy, and what is difficult is unnecessary for happi­ step in and take charge. ness. To pursue one's task regardless of external rewards is to be happy, while to pur­ "Why are you letting only one person Need a back issue? sue wealth, glory or pleasure through uncongenial work is to be in despair. in at a time?" I asked a bleached blonde Achieving a reconciliation of secular learning and classical philosophy with Christian wearing spandex leggings and a Benetton If you'd like to obtain a faith, Skovoroda also believed that the Bible is an allegorical text, that its literal meaning sweater, who noticed the commotion at back issue of The Ukrainian is external and false, and that its inner symbolic meaning points the way to the truth. the door and approached me. Weekly, send $2 per copy His influence on 19th century writers (including Shevchenko) was minimal, but his "They're not here to buy anything, (first-class postage includ­ poetic style, ideas and moral example played an important part in the renaissance of they are just here to browse," she ed) to: Administration, The Ukrainian culture in the 20th. An English translation of a selection of Skovoroda's answered in Russian. Ukrainian Weekly, 30 fables, aphorisms and an analysis of his works was published by D.B. Chopyk in 1990. "It's none of your business what they Montgomery St., Jersey Source: ''Skovoroda, Hryhorii," Encyclopedia of Ukraine, Vol. 4 {Toronto: University of are here for; your business is to be atten­ Citv, N.J. 07302. Toronto Press, 1993). tive and cordial to customers and not No. 48 THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, NOVEMBER 28,1993

BOOK REVIEWS Collected verse of Ostap Tamawsky Compendium on Volodymyr Starosolsky Poems. Ostap Tamawsky. Philadelphia. 1992. 449 pp. Volodymyr Starosolsky у 1878-1942. Edited by Ulana Starosolska. New York: Shevchenko Scientific Society у 1991. 411 pp. by Dr. Wolodymyr T. Zyla Rylskyj and Sosiura is here in retreat, being replaced by Western poetical ideas by Lubov Drazhevska "Poems" by Ostap Tarnawsky, his col­ sometimes foreign to the spirit of lected verse, came at a sad but propitious Ukrainian verse. Despite such influences, "Volodymyr Starosolsky, 1878-1942," time and serve as a memorial to the however, the poet is still moved by a Ukrainian-language compendium, author himself, who passed away as the "sunny clarinets" of Tychyna and by the recently published as Volume 210 of the volume was in its final stages of printing. "symphony of stars." These elements Notes of the Shevchenko Scientific Although solidly entrenched in Ukrainian appear here as distant symbols of the Societies series, offers various materials poetical tradition, Tarnawsky sometimes past. "The Poem about Otaman Pediura," pertaining to Volodymyr Starosolsky, a targets the differences rather than the for example, still mentions the names of lawyer, sociologist and political activist similarities among various genres. His Bohdan Khmelnytsky and Ivan Mazepa, from western Ukraine. legacy is the sound creation of meaning­ but these are dreams of national "glory." The first section consists of biographi­ ful and insightful poetry. Petliura here becomes a symbol which cal sketches written by his son Yuriy and The volume includes five previously reminds Ukrainians that they once fought his daughter Ulana, notable community published collections: "Words and for their freedom and that they have activists in their own right. These Dreams" (1948), "Life" (1952), again "to rise and to break their chains." sketches not only paint an animated and "Bridges" (1956), "The Lonely Tree" The fourth collection is well character­ affectionate portrait of Starosolsky (1960) and "One Hundred Sonnets" ized visually by the late Jacques amidst family and friends, but also suc­ (1984). It also contains "At the Window Hnizdovskyj's cover. Here Tarnawsky's ceed in vividly portraying the historical during the Night" (unpublished verses), a verses are yet more permeated by setting (ranging from the last days of pentalogy, verses never included in any Western ideas. His study of languages, bourgeois Austro-Hungarian society, the collection and ironic poems. "Poems" reading American and other foreign poet­ years of Ukraine's struggle for indepen­ encompasses a great variety of poetry, ry and living abroad, produced a signifi­ dence, the fractious inter-war years in well delineated structurally and themati- cant impact on his art. In the poem "In Polish-controlled Galicia, to Stalin's cally. Getting Closer to the Universe," he says: camps) in which he applied his multi- Tarnawsky was known also as a trans­ faceted talent and principled idealism. lator of the works of many English, And the heart is getting rooted in the The main body of the biographical text is Starosolsky's career was interrupted American, German and Polish poets, infinity, supplemented by excerpts from the mem­ by the first world war. Already in 1913, including Shakespeare, T.S. Eliot, Ezra as if it would get rooted in despair, oirs of Russian Socialist Revolutionary he was an organizer of the Ukrainian Pound, Emily Dickinson, and e.e. cum- where are you living in the space of Menachem Rosenbaum, his wife Daria's Sich Riflemen (Ukrainski Sichovi mings. He especially loved Eliot and the centuries, accounts of life in camp and exile in Striltsi), and he joined the ranks of that wrote his doctoral dissertation comparing as a dark stain, Kazakhstan, and other material. militia as an officer. During the war, he him with the Ukrainian poet Pavlo which once sparked as a star, The second section includes some arti­ was a member of the Supreme Ukrainian Tychyna. His death came just two weeks and then went out for ever. cles and studies, including "The Theory Council and worked with the Union for after he finished translating the Liberation of Ukraine in Vienna. In This passage is characteristic of the of Nationhood," (published in Vienna in Shakespeare's 154 sonnets into autumn 1919, he served as the deputy poet's mood. He begins to worry that his 1920) and a bibliography of Ukrainian (at present unpublished). minister of foreign affairs of the UNR own future might one day fade out like Starosolsky's works. The third consists "Poems" has a very unusual introduc­ government in Kamianets Podilskyi, the star. In addition, he suffers a preoccu­ of a selection of his major speeches, the tion in the form of a verse without a title where he also worked as professor of law pation with death. In his "Ballad fourth, of a collection of memoirs about (1951) by the late renowned Ukrainian at the local university. Concerning the Myth of Death," he him by professional and personal poet Evhen Malaniuk. The introduction He emigrated to Vienna in 1920 and writes: acquaintances. itself sounds challenging with a great Volodymyr Starosolsky was born on embarked on his major work, "The Theory perspective into the future and ends with ...How nice it is that life is limidess January 8, 1878, in Jaroslaw (just north of Nationhood," which was published by two memorable lines: and death is just a change of one of Peremyshl). His father, Joachim, a the Ukrainian Sociological Society. As an form... Son, are you looking for answers Ukrainian judge and town burgermeister, emigre in the 1920s, Starosolsky shuttled As yet not once the reforms will come In the secret letters of star constella­ died when Volodymyr was quite young. between Vienna and Prague, teaching state oh, but the eternal assertion remains tions. His Austrian mother, Julia Rapf, spoke law at the Ukrainian Free University in undenied, Polish to her children, in deference to the Prague and the Ukrainian Husbandry The volume begins with the verses of that death is just a predestination for general Polish milieu of Jaroslaw at the Academy in Podebrady. He was given the first collection, which are written in new birth. time. membership in the Shevchenko Scientific youthful passion and are full of light and The poet here faces death courageous­ It was not until he was 17, when he Society in 1923. shadow, joy and sorrow. Some of them ly because it means for him the possibili­ began studying law at the Jagiellonian When he returned to Lviv to reopen are romantic, some patriotic, some have ty of leaving this imperfect world and University in Krakow, that he made his his practice in 1927, Ukrainian commu­ deep historical roots, all are inspiring and moving into infinity, "where the world is first acquaintances with Ukrainians: the nity life had been forced underground, provided with significant visual images. new and open" and offers better life. But writer Vasyl Stefanyk and the artist Ivan virtually in its entirety. He soon gained While reading them, one feels a certain in another verse "Bed and Death," he Trush. prominence by defending members of the resonance of the great Ukrainian poets comments about death humorously. He Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists Rylsky, Zerov, Sosiura and even Bazhan. Starosolsky transferred to Lviv claims Voltaire once said that everyone accused of political crimes by the Polish Tarnawsky looked to them for inspira­ University a year later and found himself dies in bed, so you should avoid going to authorities. tion, beauty of form, and even vocabu­ at the hub of a stimulating Ukrainian aca­ bed. And if you do go to bed, make sure In one of the biographical sketches, lary. The poem "The Night" strikes the demic and cultural environment. He that one foot remains on the floor, so you Yuriy Starosolsky, who worked in his reader with its romantic elements. It pos­ organized Moloda Ukraina, a youth can run away from death, which is old father's office at the time, wrote that the sesses something very special and close movement with political ties to the and feeble and will not be able to catch latter believed in the law as a means by to the heart of the poet himself, easily Ukrainian Revolutionary Party (RUP), of you. The irony here, of course, is that which the needs of justice could be enfettering the reader with love and grief. whose external committee he was a that Tarnawsky himself was not in bed attained, and a higher ideal striven for. "The Wreath of Sonnets" (14 of them) member. Moloda Ukraina sought the when he died, but was sitting at his writ­ creation of a free Ukrainian university. The elder Starosolsky believed in the forms a meaningful collection. The son- ing table, leaning on his hands. courts as the instrument by which rights лets are connected through the last line of In 1902, Starosolsky assisted in the orga­ His "One Hundred Sonnets" are of could be guaranteed. each which becomes the first line of the nization of the secession of Ukrainian great variety. Some are even humorous. When western Ukraine was occupied next. Finally, the 14 sonnet, which the students from Lviv University and the In them the poet proves his skill in work­ by the Bolsheviks in September 1939 in poet calls "Magistral," begins with the massive agrarian strike in Galicia. He ing within this demanding lyric form. accordance with the provisions of the first line of the first sonnet and its later joined the Ukrainian Social Other verses from the unprinted col­ Molotov-Ribbentrop pact, Starosolsky remaining lines are the last lines of the Democratic Party and remained a mem­ lection and the unpublished verses are decided not to leave. He accepted a pro­ 13 others. Together they form a sonnet ber for the rest of his life. quite numerous and originate from differ- fessorship at Lviv University. sequence with a kind of an implicit plot. Starosolsky completed his law studies enct years of the poet's creativity. Some Before long, he was swept up in the The poet calls it a "wreath," which is in Vienna, Berlin, Graz and Heidelberg. of them were previously published by the wave of arrests and purges. Arrested on appropriate because their intertwining Then, in 1906, he married Daria Ukrainian press in the diaspora. The December 25, 1939, he was moved to the follows a circular shape. Their complex Shukhevych, a pianist who shared his humorous verses, which were published NKVD prison in Kyyiv the following lyrical structure, though short, is exigent community activism. That year, in Lviv, in the humorous monthly Lys Mykyta February, then sentenced to 10 years' and in its rhyme without doubt posed a he established a law practice which (Fox Mykyta) under the pseudonym of hard labor in Siberia. After three months challenge to Tarnawsky's artistry. became as much a vehicle for community Irynej Weres (1950-1990), are unique in in transit, he was held at the Mariyinsky The verses of the third collection service and politics as a profession. He their character. Some of them are full of camp from March 1941. reveal the growing poetical skills of the defended a number of political activists wit and humor, often relative to His wife, daughter and son Ihor were author. They are harmonious in their in court, including Myroslav Sichynsky, Ukrainian literary and political figures. arrested on April 13, 1940, and deported tone, while their language is sometimes who assassinated the viceroy of Galicia, Others deal with concerns or events with­ to an isolated village in Kazakhstan. scientifically flavored, figurative with Andrzej Potocki, in protest against Polish in the Ukrainian community in America (Ulana Starosolska recounts this chapter rhetorical devices and effects. It occa­ violence and fraud during the 1908 elec­ sionally sounds oratorical. The flavor of (Continued on page 18) tion. (Continued on page 18) THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, NOVEMBER 28, 1993 No. 48

CHURCH AFFAIRS The Ukrainian Catliolic Churcli: Ukrainians: first-class Catholics wliat is its future in tlie diaspora? within the universal Church

by Roma M. Hayda Minneapolis. Through such assistance, the by Bishop Basil H. Losten the people who emerged late from serfdom Russian Orthodox Church gained sizable and were unsure as to the best way to NEW YORK — Dr. Myron B. membership and a strong footing in The recovery of religious freedom in advance their cultural, economic and social Kuropas was the featured speaker on America, Dr. Kuropas explained. Ukraine, and other developments since development. I remain confident that rea­ November 7 in a series of ongoing talks The other religious circle of influence the celebrations of the Millennium of the son will prevail and that Transcaфathia regarding Church-related topics spon­ came from within the Catholic Church: Baptism of St. Volodymyr, have given will continue to seek and share a common sored by the New York chapter of the the Magyarophile clergy in the immi­ Ukrainian Catholics a new sense of destiny with the rest of Ukraine, in Church Patriarchal Society. Dr. Kuropas, author, grant community who came from worth, of our importance in the universal matters and in all other aspects of life. educator, community activist and widely Carpatho-Ukraine and carried out the Church. At the same time, we must culti­ Similar considerations apply to the pas­ recognized for his column in The political agenda of the Hungarian state. vate a sense of responsibility to live up to toral work of our Church in other parts of Ukrainian Weekly, gave a lively presen­ Under Hungarian rule, the population of the tasks which God entrusts to us. Ukraine. The principle is absolutely clear: tation on the situation of the Ukrainian Сафаиіо-икгаіпе was kept illiterate. The According to the teachings of the wherever there are Ukrainian Catholic Catholic Church in America from a his­ Magyarization campaign was successful­ Catholic Church, proclaimed anew at the faithful, our Ukrainian Catholic Church is torical perspective. ly directed at the clergy of the Uniate Second Vatican Council, each of the dis­ obligated to seek them out and serve The diverse audience had the opportuni­ Church who accepted the Hungarian- tinct Pomisna Churches within the them. That is true everywhere in the ty to hear about history from the end of the Rusyn (Uhro-Rusyn) identity, leaving Catholic communion is equal in dignity world, so it is all the more true in our 19th century through this day on issues them disdainful of their less fortunate to the other Churches. This equality is native Ukraine. And, indeed, our Church which formed the Ukrainian diaspora in flock. The clergy coming to the United maintained in the legislation of the is doing so in different parts of Ukraine to America. National and religious identity States from Trans-Carpathia towed the Catholic Church, both for the Western the extent that our number of clergy and have bepn the underlying factors in this line in the interest of greater Hungary. Church and for the Eastern Churches. other pastoral resources permit. Certainly process. The foreign environment of the Later their aim was to establish a sepa­ That is accepted at all levels; I gladly tes­ there are faithful in many places who want New World, on one hand glavanized the rate Rusyn Eparchy. They refused to tify that here in the United States within to have parishes and priests, and certainly immigrant community to search for its comply with the ecclesiastical discipline the National Conference of Catholic we want to serve those faithful. religious and ethnic identity, but also made of the metropolitan of Lviv or the first bishops I have never felt like a "second- Why have the Roman Catholics been them vulnerable to hostile influences. exarch of the Ukrainian Catholic Church class" Catholic; I am a brother among able to revive more quickly in some parts Afteir more than a century of relatively in America, Bishop Soter Ortynsky. With brothers. Several weeks ago Pope John of Ukraine? Because, as a historical reali­ successful progress, the Ukrainian direct intervention in Rome of the Paul II welcomed me to his summer resi­ ty, they had been able to function in those Catholic Church in the United States Hungarian government and religious dence at Castelgandolfo, where he treat­ districts more recently than our Church once again faces the tough question of its hierarchy, a parallel church structure of ed me, a Ukrainian Catholic bishop, with was able to. In most of the Ukrainian identity and mission, Dr. Kuropas noted. the Greek Catholic Church was estab­ every possible mark of respect and lands, the Russian tsars destroyed our A number of religious institutions lished in the United States — one of honor. Theologically, as Christians, we Church early in the 19th century, but played an important role in establishing the Ukrainian and the other of Rusyn orien­ must affirm that there is no "second Roman Catholic jurisdictions remained (in Church in the diaspora. Dr. Kuropas relat­ tation. Dr. Kuropas quoted a 1914 statis­ class" in the kingdom of God. a very restricted way). Thus, when free­ ed the experience with the Roman Catholic tic showing a three way division of the There are difficulties in Ukraine, many dom of religion finally came in 1990, the Church during the early period of the church-going community: 20 percent in difficulties in every aspect of society, and field in those districts was better prepared Ukrainian Catholic Church in America. the Russian Orthodox Church, and the the Church is no exception. Many of us for the Roman Catholics; there was a liv­ What should have been a natural remaining equally split between the are particularly concerned about the rela­ ing memory of parishes and particular alliance tproved to be so difficult that it Ruthenian and Ukrainian jurisdictions. tionship of the Eparchy of Mukachiv to church buildings. But it is unacceptable to drove some of the clergy and communi­ Besides the role of the religious forces the rest of the Church in Ukraine. Since blame the Holy See for what the tsars of ties to Orthodoxy and to the Russian in the formation of the Ukrainian 1988, I have visited Transcaфathia sev­ Russia did, especially since the Holy See Orthodox Church in particular. For exam­ Catholic Church in the United States, Dr. eral times, and I have been active in the protested most energetically against the ple. Archbishop Patrick Ryan of Kuropas also spoke of the equally impor­ efforts to restore normal Church life in persecution of our Church. Philadelphia not only refused the courtesy tant socio-political influences. Transcarpathia. I was involved in the Throughout Eastern Europe there are of receiving the first Ukrainian Catholic The question of self-worth, concern for successful campaign to restore Holy many social tensions, including territorial priest to arrive in America, the Rev. Ivan one's family, whether they were here or Cross Cathedral in Uzhhorod to our claims by some nations against other Wolansky, but through his vicar related left behind, and love of one's people and Greek-Catholic Church, and I was instru­ narions. In public and in private, the that Father Wolansky should return country, are universally recognized human mental in securing an appropriate resi­ Holy See has tried and continues to try to whence he came. In addition, he dis­ concerns. To assert self-identity was espe­ dence in Uzhhorod for the bishop. promote calm, and to encourage every­ patched a pastoral letter forbidding all cially challenging in a foreign environ­ The Catholic Church did not create ten­ one to leave such territorial claims in Catholics to attend under the pain of mor­ ment considering the statelessness of their sions over the ethnic identity of the people abeyance so as not to provoke further tal sin any religious services at which nation. The response to this dilemma of Transcarpathia (most of whom accept social chaos. So far as Ukraine is con­ Father Wolansky was a celebrant. came from two sources. Christian patrio­ our Ukrainian national understanding). cerned, the Holy See recognizes Ukraine A similar situation transpired in tism and Marxist socialism. This problem grew over centuries, and and does not at all support any attempt Minneapolis. In 1890 the professor of Especially noteworthy was the work arose from the rival claims of neighboring by anyone to alienate any of Ukraine's canon law from the (Greek) Catholic of the Rev. Wolansky, the circle of eight countries who coveted the land of national territory. Unfortunately, the seminary in Presov (Priashiv), Carpatho- clergymen, about whom Dr. Kuropas Tгanscaфathia, as well as the confusion of peace-making efforts of the Holy See are Ukriaine, the Rev. Alexis Toth made a speaks extensively in his recently pub­ not always successful, as the worid has courtesy call on the archbishop of seen during many of the terrible wars of lished book "The Ukrainian American: Bishop Basil H. Losten is eparch of Minneapolis. Unfortunately, Archbishop Roots and Aspirations, 1884-1954" and Stamford, Conn. (Continued on page 16) John Ireland treated the credentials of the the remarkable Father Peter Poniatyshyn. visiting priest and the authenticity of the As exemplified by Metropolitan Ukrainian (Greek) Catholic Church with Sheptytsky, they approached their work great contempt. holistically, addressing the myriad needs Father Wolansky reasoned that only of their faithful. Defining their ethnic and his metropolitan in Lviv could rescind his religious identity in order to give them a missioh. He ignored Archbishop Ryan's sense of self-worth and of belonging, expressed wish and carried out with great these clergymen expended much energy zeal the pastoral responsibilities of his to establish an effective educational sys­ office. The Rev. Toth chose to ignore the tem. These priests are credited with the insults from his po-religionists and stayed transition from the Rusyn to Ukrainian on in Minneapolis. His parish, however, consciousness of their communities, a came upon hard times. The church com- unique experience in the history of mittee; founid funds from the Russian American immigrant cultures. Orthodox Church and the situation was The other response to the question of ripe to change loyalties. Ensuing events self-worth and identity came from the led the Rev. Toth to the Russian Marxist ideology, which played up to the Orthodox Church where he became an patriotic sentiment and social issues of ardent activist. the day. It was successful in luring a The difficulties encountered with the large number from among the Ukrainian Roman Catholic hierarchy played into the immigrants into the ranks of the hands of the Russian Orthodox Church. Communist Party in the United States, Drawing from the imperial funds with cler­ Dr. Kuropas pointed out. gy to spare, the Russian Orthodox Church Unfortunately by the end of 1939 the readily assisted such communities as in Ukrainian Catholic Church in America was declining. The children of the second Roma Hayda is president of the Pope John Paul II and Bishop Basil Losten during their September 20 meeting at Ukrainian Patriarchal Society in the U.S. (Continued on page 12) Castelgandolfo. No. 48 THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, NOVEMBER 28, 1993

UKRAINE: TWO YEARS OF INDEPENDENCE Ukraine's economic crisis, its causes and prospects for resolution by Dr. Oleh Havrylyshyn ing importance at even the highest levels of government dum results lowered the risk of failure of assistance pro­ is that broad international political interests disfavor grams. In the meantime, Ukraine's politics in late May Dr. Oleh Havrylyshyn is alternate executive directorUkrain e and that no matter what reform efforts are pro­ and early June rode up the curve of heightened tensions, on the board of directors of the International Monetary posed or implemented, extensive financial support can­ and thereby brought to a halt the improved prospects Fundy representing a group of countries including the not be expected. Whatever the objective reality, there had been for agreements with the IMF and others. Netherlands, Ukraine and several other member-states whichever view is correct, the perceptions have become Clearly in retrospect, an opportunity was missed to of the IMF, During all of 1992 he served as special so deep that, as often in politics, they and not the objec­ strengthen the hand of the reform-oriented group under advisor and deputy minister of finance of Ukraine, tive reality become the driving force of events. This is a Prime Minister Kuchma and Deputy PM Pynzenyk. It is The following paper was delivered at the conference very serious problem of a deepening vicious circle of open to debate whether the opportunity was missed by "Ukraine: Two Years of Independence,'' held on misunderstanding and mistrust that both sides must the Ukrainian side, the Western community, or both. October 8-9 at York University, Toronto. attempt to break, otherwise the perceptions will become Clearly Ukrainian authorities could have been more (The views expressed in this paper are those of the self-fulfilling prophecies. decisive in early 1993, implementing some of their pro­ author and do not necessarily reflect the position of the What can one say about the objective realities on posed programs of reforms, working more closely and IMF or the Ukrainian government). each side of this circle of misunderstanding? It is cer­ openly with the IMF to arrive at an agreed program of CONCLUSION tainly correct that well-intentioned economic reform financial support. programs in Ukraine have, for the most part not been From the side of the IMF, it was not possible until What to do? "Changing" the entire economic-com­ implemented, and inflation continues to roll on, while May 1993 to show greater flexibility on such programs mercial elite is not the way, even apart from the problem production declines and living standards worsen for for the special circumstances of transition economies of their large number. Worse, most new people in the most, while improving for the few of a new-old elite. It and they had to be treated in the same, sometimes same positions will soon begin to act in exactly the same is also correct that since late May, when the reformist demanding, ways as applied to all other countries need­ way as long as the dirigiste regulations remain. The situ­ Prime Minister Leonid Kuchma was not given further ing IMF assistance. When in May 1993 a special finan­ ation is far from hopeless however, for the answer is emergency powers to implement his program and a cial arrangement was established for these economies - clear: a government courageous enough to change the political stalemate among the president, the Parliament called the Systemic Transformation Facility - the IMF rules and regulations (in the ways underlined in the pre­ and the prime minister developed, there was reason to immediately arranged discussions in Kyyiv to allow vious section) to redirect the motivations and efforts of be concerned about the ability of government to imple­ Ukraine access to these new funds, discussions that were rentier-capitalists to productive new investments with, ment necessary economic policies such as restricting halted when Parliament voted against extending emer of course, profits, but not profiteering. This means a harsh reduction of credits but not a complete halt to all credits, and it does mean accepting lay-offs and unemployment, and moving ahead with pri­ ...the answer is clear: a government courageous enough to vatization of industry and land. Some directors will quickly adapt', others will not and will go, new enter­ change the rules and regulations to redirect the motivations and prises with new leadership will arise. As both directors efforts of rentier-capitalists to productive new investments with, and workers face a new "hard-budget" environment, one can expect to see - exactly as in Poland - a turnaround of course, profits, but not profiteering. in productivity per workerand then in over-all produc­ tion levels. This, of course, means a rise in real wages per worker and in material standard of living as total credits to inefficient state enteфrises.з These will, as gency powers to then PM Kuchma. In a sense, it may output rises. always, simply turn to populist Parliament members for have been only the major industrial countries (G-7) that What about workers who lose their jobs, as many must? overriding legislation and/or political pressure upon the were in a position to mount an initiative of financial Will there be, as some predict, 25-30 percent unemployed Central Bank which is responsible to the Parliament. support early enough to buttress the reformists, some­ if not more? There are several reasons one should be less This concern grew after the resignation of Vice-Premier what along the lines of the efforts for Russia. pessimistic about the plight of the unemployed. Viktor Pynzenyk, responsible for economic reform, and As the calendar has rolled on, Ukraine's political situa­ First, while ceasing credits to keep people at work at eventually Prime Minister Kuchma himself tion has temporarily quieted, but only because of a stale­ full wages who produce nothing, one can with less cred­ If one takes the last paragraph, replaces only a few mate while awaiting the results of election in March and its shut down enteфrises, save on all the raw material, names and dates, and refocuses one's eyes on any one of June 1994. The economic deterioration has, however, con­ administrative and energy costs, and give all the workers a number of countries elsewhere in the ex-socialist bloc, tinued and perhaps worsened. Almost as if on schedule, full unemployment compensation. Second, in Central one may understand better the objective reality on the the Russian situation after a period of calm and stability European countries that have moved зЬафІу on reforms, other side: Ukraine is far from unique in its political began in the summer of 1993 to ride up its curve to height­ unemployment is well below 20 percent (17 percent in uncertainties. Interested observers will be familiar with ened tensions, with actions by the parliament and the Poland at maximum), and even some of this is exagger­ this type of story, with the political uncertaindes of Central Bank once again contradicting the intentions of ated as many people claim unemployment compensation "who's in charge" as these societies grope not only while already working in the new private sector. reformers and putting at risk the programs of financial towards the market, but at the same time toward democ­ assistance already begun in early July, it is too early to tell Third, one can expect the above noted productivity racy. It is because Ukraine is far from unique in its polit­ if the radical moves of Mr. Yeltsin in October will result increases soon after the first round of closures, and what ical uncertainties, but is one of a very few such countries in faster moves to financial stabilization and reform. appear today as completely inefficient enteфrises will that has not benefited from significant programs of The deterioration of political stability in Russia dur­ soon reveal their true potential. Fourth, Ukraine's econ­ Western financial assistance, that many Ukrainian lead­ ing the summer of 1993 is not irreversible, and it is not omy, like all socialist economies, had far too many peo­ ers - including strongly reform-minded ones - despair by itself evidence that the West erred in taking a risk ple in industry (35-50 percent) and far too few people in of obtaining such assistance in the near future. with the first flows of assistance. But it is evidence of services (25-30 percent) compared to middle income To better understand the Ukrainian situation, one two other points. First, there was excessive euphoria economies elsewhere. There is room for about 10-15 should step back and observe what is common to the percent of labor force to be absorbed in services areas - about medium-term prospects, based on a short-term transition societies. All of them suffer an inevitable improvement in the domestic political strength of what as has again been shown in Poland. The only require­ wave-like movement of political calm alternating with ment is quicker privatization of retail, restaurant, trans­ we perceived in the West as reformist circles. Secondly, heightened tensions as they grope towards a system of it undermines the credibility of the West in making port assets, and simplification of procedures for starting stable governance and democratic reforms. Among for­ a new business.2 political stability a precondition for initiating efforts at mer socialist countries there are a few exceptions where assistance elsewhere. In sum, what is needed to resolve the economic crisis, things are sufficiendy stable, policies are coherent and If May-June 1993 was the right moment to take risks stop inflation and offset the lobby pressures of the indus­ consistent, and administrative implementation capacity trial-agricultural-commercial elite interests is not less in Russia, but the gamble proves a bad one, two possible is adequate to move ahead: the Czech Republic, Estonia conclusions follow. First: the Russian disappointment is reform but more reform. The political task of uprooting and perhaps a handful of others. But for all - and I all opponents to reform and replacing them is both impos­ indicative of the ailments of these societies and we emphasize all - others, it is for international financial should take no further risks there or elsewhere until sible numerically and of questionable usefulness for sys­ institutions and the Western community a matter of temic change. The opportunities for large quick profits, more solid, sustained stability is seen. The second con­ deciding if they are willing to take the risk of several clusion could be instead that whenever the right moment which are at the expense of the rest of society, are far too billion dollars to help the reform constituency in these attractive for elites of whatever background or color, new comes in any transition economy, we should move unstable countries gain the upper hand politically. more quickly to initiate flows of financial assistance and or old. Only eliminating these opportunities can success­ Alas, there are no easy, objective measures to differ­ fully achieve a victory over rentier-capitalism. be equally ready to close off these flows if economic entiate between the size of the risk in Ukraine and other (Continued on page 14) Western financial assistance countries in a similar sorry state of affairs. But relative political calm at a given moment is surely helpful in An unfortunate vicious circle of relations between defining the time when such a risk may be worth taking ^ The Financial Times article describes a few who are like­ Ukraine and international financial institutions has devel­ ~ as was done at the initiative of the G-7 for Russia in ly to continue as directors in this new environment, having oped, which hinders agreement on programs for financial late spring and Moldova in September - and may be the already started efforts at new, more efficient production. support of the IMF and World Bank, and consequently 2 A positive side effect of rapid expansion of small service only time it makes sense. However, it provides no guar­ business will be the undermining of petty-mafia racketeering other creditors in the international financial community antees. Consider some specific cases, including Ukraine. who tend to follow the signals of these institutions. activities, which can only function well if the number of Ukraine's politics were relatively stable and calm in kiosks and shops is relatively small. Outside, the view of Ukraine is that political uncer­ the winter and spring of 1993, while Russia, Bulgaria, '^ Negotiations with the IMF for access to about $350 mil­ tainty and so-called "unsettled governance issues" pre­ Romania, even Poland and some others were going lion of initial credits were well on the way in mid-May at the clude implementation of what may be, on paper, well- through a phase of heightened tension. Uncertainty about time PM Kuchma's emergency power request was turned aimed reform programs. Inside Ukraine, a view of grow­ Russia delayed external assistance until the April referen- down. This brought an immediate halt to the negotiations. 10 THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, NOVEMBER 28,1993 No. 48 Tetiana Horobets: the woman behind the Ukrainian pop star by Oryna Hrushetsky didn't even understand Ukrainian! That is my biggest She shrugs. "I've seen so many stores. So many things reward." in so many stores. It is all very nice to have, but it has CHICAGO — As she taps her tamborine with what Three middle-aged Ukrainian American women come nothing to do with what's real or who you are. So after a could barely be called a twist of the hips, Tetiana up to ask for an autograph. Tetiana bows graciously as while it is not so interesting." Horobets looks more like a dainty ballerina than a top they shower her with compliments. Another friend Tetiana smiles at the sight of a man strolling his baby pop star. You won't see this mild-mannered blonde waves from across the room and calls: "How are you?!" — this is clearly more interesting. "Do you see much of doing the pelvic thrusts or primal headshakes you asso­ They scamper over to chat with her. this on the streets of Kyyiv?" I ask. "Earlier — no. ciate with jamming guitar. Her posture is poised, her Tetiana chuckles. " *How are you?' — an amusing Lately — more and more." smile "staged," her dance steps stiffly self-conscious. phrase. What is one supposed to answer? Everybody After the Chornobyl nuclear disaster and the declara­ It's hard to believe it was this woman's voice (along asks, but do they really want to know? We don't have tion of Ukraine's independence, Tetiana says the role of with composer Taras Petrynenko's) singing on every such a saying. But when we see someone is not doing husband and father began to change. Ukrainian radio and TV station, that inspired thousands well we do something about it. If a girl is crying alone in Watching children deteriorate and die from radiation of Ukrainians to go the polls and vote for independence a comer she will not be without comfort for long. Here, sicknesses has instilled a greater sense of urgency in in 1991. Only when she closes her eyes and opens her I fear from what I 've seen, it is possible that she will be men about spending time with family. mouth to sing a prayer for her country do you see left to cry out all her tears alone." "When you can lick your lips and taste metal, you Tetiana's abandonment. A silent, non-theatrical, internal I tell her I haven't often seen that scenario, and ask if wonder what am I breathing? What am I eating? None abandon. she has. of us know what's sitting inside of us and how it will "It's very interesting for me to watch how women "I have seen that people here most often bear their behave. Do we have 10 years? Seven? Five? It makes move here. On the stage as well as on the streets. ... I burdens alone in their bedrooms," she says. you appreciate life more." like how they seem freer ... — their movements are "Maybe because they have their own bedrooms to go Tetiana says that with Ukraine's independence came more fluid, uninhibited, not restrained like back home," to?" I suggest. economic chaos which has turned life into a scramble she says as she stands with her arms folded and her back for basic survival goods, and has forced men to take on against the wall at the Tamara Royal Inn in McHenry, more responsibility in the household. 111., where she has just performed at a private luncheon. "Whereas before the woman was mostly responsible I ask her why she thinks that is. A heavy sigh, then — for waiting in the food lines, now men must wait too if her answer, recited like an epic: "We (as Soviet citizens) they want to eat. They are beginning to realize how dif­ were living in a building made of air." Dramatic pause. ficult the woman's work is, and they are helping out. Of She waits for me to look up at her before continuing. course the head of the household is still the man." She "That air was filled with fear, which our bodies had to says this matter-of-factly, without any anger or even irri­ move through. But the body does not always reflect tation in her voice. She doesn't understand why I'm a bit what is in the spirit.... Often the two are completely miffed. opposite, I've observed." "A man should be stronger. I enjoy having someone Tetiana has been observing Americans for the last stronger at my side, someone who will protect me, pro­ few months while touring with Taras Petrynenko's vide for me. In return, I will nourish him spiritually." Musical Workshop, and, as she did during their 1991 I ask if there is a visible feminist movement in tour, staying at the homes of Ukrainian Americans who Ukraine. want to help the band raise money for the Children of "There is no time for feminism. A woman doesn't Chomobyl hospital in Kyyiv, Ukraine's capital. even have half a day a week to herself — to read a Tetiana has seen the sights of New York City and the book, to look in the mirror... Women give all their Catskills, Philadelphia, Toronto, and now Chicago. energy to their homes and their children — their intel­ She's been swept away by the sight of skyscrapers; lect suffers because it is all expired in day-to-day sur­ overwhelmed by overstocked grocery shelves; sense- vival." shocked by furs and ice-cream flavors. She's been She is happy to report, however, that recently more wined and dined royally at "Medieval Times" and pam­ and more shops selling Western goods are sprouting up pered at the Hilton. "It's nice that people smile and ask all over Kyyiv, and most of the workers and even own­ if you need anything," she says. "This is something our ers are women. "They can lure customers with their workers must learn." femininity, but also learn a trade and help support their Tetiana says she doesn't see too many smiling faces families," she says. at home, on the streets of Kyyiv. At a time when a ring "I think feminists don't understand that a woman's of sausage costs a month's salary, and TV stations are strength lies in her weakness. A wise woman knows constantly airing pleas for aid to dying "Chornobyl this." Children" there isn't much to smile about, And what if a woman is stronger or wiser than her "If a powerful music producer promised to take you man? away from all that, to make you as famous in America "Then he is the only one who needs to know. When I as you are in Ukraine, and give you lots of money under have an idea I will give it to my man, but make it look the condition that you stay in America would you do as if it was his," it?" I ask. Now I'm the one raking the air: "Don't you want the She shakes her head resolutely: "Never." credit for your own ideas?" When I ask why, she smiles like a mother who's just "The idea is for the good of the family (or for the been asked a silly question. 'The life...and the people band in my case). A man will forever love and appreci­ are... different here." ate a woman who understands this, and, who allows him I follow her with my tape recorder as she paces across to be the stronghold on the outside, while she supports the room. She says she doesn't want to offend, but she him with her inner strength." won't sugar coat either. When Taras and Sasha show up, Tetiana's expression "You can see it even in the eyes. Americans do not softens with her tone. I ask whether they'd like to go open their eyes as much...they do not seek contact... they swimming. Tetiana lights up with a "Yes! Real swim­ do not look into you, only at you. No spiritual contact. Tetiana Horobets performing at Soyuzivka. ming, not in a pool!" The guys say they'd rather see a Our people are more emotionally expressive — both in concert. Tetiana concurs. I sense she's tired and not as joy and in pain. This may look melodramatic to "Maybe. But I know that when we are hurt or confused comfortable speaking in their presence. I remember I Americans, but to us it is being aliye," she explains. we pick up the phone or yell down the street, and imme­ haven't yet asked what I've always considered the "get- Those who seem most "alive" to Tetiana are the diately someone will be over to share our pain or confu­ to-the-core-of-the-character" question: "What are your singers. Freddy Mercury has always been her favorite sion. We share automatically — as with bread, so with 10 favorite things in the world? rocker: "His voice echoed with his heartbeat. It fluctuat­ pain. Here it seems people share by appointment. They "Rechi." She repeats the Ukrainian word for "things" ed from one extreme to the other at such a passionate schedule dinner next Thursday at 6:30 - 8:30. But before with a slightly cocky smile. "It is not things that are best pace..." she starts raking the air with her fingers, "... that and after, they all live their separate lives." in life." when I watched him perform I felt this intense push and Taras, the band leader, waves his head at Tetiana as I sigh: "OK. Elements. Experiences. Phemonan." pull of energy... so strong I always sensed it would he slips away from a circle of fans. She tells me it's time Her eyes slowly expand. She rolls back her shoulders, explode inside him and tear him apart! He had no choice to change, and immediately rushes over to his side. drops her arms, and loses herself in the memory of a in this matter — it's simply the star he was born under." When I ask her when she wants to go downtown, she windy winter night on the Black Sea. She swoops up her Tetiana has to catch her breath before discussing her says she must ask Taras first. Her manager Nadia arms to demonstrate how an abrupt tidal wave had her favorite female vocalist, Barbara Streisand. She says Tyshenko (a Ukrainian American college intern) tells so mesmerized she couldn't turn around fast enough to that despite the state's static muffling of Western radio me Tetiana never goes anywhere without Taras and escape it. She closes her eyes as she tells how the sea waves during her adolescent years, Streisand's voice Sashko, the bassist. "embraced" her and gave her a "new hairdo" (she had to blasted through in sporadic phrases, which she religious­ Once she hits the city streets in her neatly pressed tai­ run back to the hotel with icicles swiping against her ly listened to until she found a tape on the black market. lored jeans and silk blouse, Tetiana just watches people. cheeks). "That. That experience enriches you more than "Barbara puts her whole soul into her song, so master­ Silently and closely. When she sees a girl wearing jeans any dress, any car, anything can. You understand?" I fully, with such refinement that anybody listening can­ ripped in the "hippest" fashion she shakes her head: nod. not help but feel whatever she's feeling." "After you've worn everything — gold, crystal, every Next time I'll be sure to word that question different­ And that, Tetiana says, is her primary goal as a singer fabric, every cut — that's all there is left to try — rags. I ly. I tell Tetiana I'll definitely take her swimming anoth­ — to get people to feel what she's feeling. "I know I'm suppose it's just a stage." er night. She hugs me and thanks me from what I truly no virtuoso, but I have made people cry, people who I ask her if she'd like to go shopping at Watertower. believe is the bottom of her heart. No. 48 THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, NOVEMBER 28, 1993

NEWS AND VIEWS Bradley bill enables students to spend summer in Ukraine Ohio law program by Areta Trytjak I remember one incident in particular "perfect" home in New Jersey. focuses on Ukraine while I was sharing ideas with my host My patience proved deserved when After my summer stay in Ukraine, it family in Kyyiv. It was my first night in the oldest of the three girls looked at me, CLEVELAND — Under the auspices appears to me that the roads of Ukraine Ukraine and I was confused, tired, actual­ and in her own broken English said, "We of the Gund Foundation Intemational I aw are the bumpiest I have ever traveled, or ly exhausted. But, my "new family", don't want communism. We just want Center, Case Western Reserve Law School so it seemed to me and the nine other stu­ which included three girls a bit younger things to be better. The way they were has initiated a promising relationship with dents on the four-hour bus ride from than me, wanted to spend time with me; before ....it was good." I wasn't hearing Ukraine. It is an outgrowth of the ОЬіо- Kyyiv to Cherkasy. they wanted to hear about that wonderful what I wanted to hear, instead I heard Ukraine Judicial Program that was sti rted We were en route to a small industrial place called America. something totally unexpected. in 1990 by a consortium of Ohio judges, city situated on the Dnipro River south of I reluctandy joined them in their small These people had no idea that with law schools and organizations. the capital city of Kyyiv. There we would cluttered kitchen, grabbed a stool and hard work they could gain much more, so The Ohio-Ukraine Judicial Program be spending the next two months, on a began explaining where I was from, who much, much more than communism had was inaugurated when Chief Justice student cultural exchange organized by my parents were and where I go to to offer. Communism had taught them a Thomas Moyer of the Ohio Supreme the stateside Rainbow Bridge Association school. You know, small talk. What I certain way of life, and they had adapted Court conceived of a plan to assist the and funded by the U.S. Information thought would end as a dull all-nighter to it very well. The sudden appearance of fledgling democracies of the former Agency, thanks to the efforts of New ended up being one of the most unex­ democracy presents a whole different Soviet Union in their efforts to develop Jersey Sen. Bill Bradley. pected and interesting chats of my life. ball game. They simply don't understand an independent judicial system. Chief As we sped along and wondered how Justice Moyer suggested that Ohio, with After my short speech about how great the new rules. And this was when I real­ the driver of our "yellow submarine" its large and established ethnic commu­ America is, I waited patiently to hear ized that I had my own personal role in managed to miss each of the many pot­ nities, nine law schools and strong judi­ what they had to say about Ukraine. I traveling to Ukraine. holes, we were fascinated by the mere cial system, was in an ideal position to wanted to hear about their home. They thought that we were actually in Ukraine Only so many things, so many places, host a delegation from the foritier Soviet began by telling me how much they — the land of our parents. The long haul and so many people have left a significant Union of those persons respori3ible for loved their country, just as any other from JFK аіфоЛ had exhausted us physi­ mark on my life. My trip to Ukraine this renovating the Soviet judicial system. patriotic cidzen would. And then they cally and mentally. But, spiritually we past summer stands out most prominent­ The delegadon would meet with Ohio ventured into the economy and shared were ready to lay eyes on the object of ly. Not only because I had a chance to judges, lawyers and law faculty to be how terribly hard it is to have decent our schooling since childhood. drown myself in my beloved culture. Not exposed to the U.S. legal system an і to clothing, food and a home. Naturally, we were all a little bit ner­ only because as an American I enjoyed plan further cooperative ventures. As I listened carefully, I ignored the lit­ the royal treatment from everyone. vous and jittery about meeting our host That visit occurred in August 1992, tle clock in my brain which kept saying No. It has been the highlight of my life families in Cherkasy — maybe even when the Ukrainian delegadon, w^.xh that I was way past due for a good night's because I finally feel like I have con­ frightened. We were to spend the sum­ consisted of representatives of tne rest. The tide of conversation inevitably tributed something worthwhile to my mer with people whom we had never met Supreme Court of Ukraine, the > *w and knew very little about. This Ukraine, Department of the Secretariat o^ '^e this new country, this motherland of Supreme Council of Ukraine, the L >n ours, was full of so many new people, of Lawyers of Ukraine, a professor !Т\ places and things. Adjusting to a new Kyyiv State University, and a dean о le family wasn't something we were quite Law Faculty of the University of k iv ready for, yet. visited Columbus, Cincinnati d Nevertheless, we quietly drove on Cleveland for an intensive introducti о through vast stretches of yellow fields that the Ohio legal system. The deleg. m enveloped us while we wrapped ourselves participated in a program of obser\<. m in our own thoughts and emotional of the courts, panel discussions on ' S. upheavals. All along the sides of the road legal education, the role of the med^ le danced happy golden faces. These were roles of prosecutors and defense atto , the sunflowers of Ukraine welcoming us in criminal and civil actions, the ro^ н with open aims — happy with the prospect judges in an independent judiciary. of our arrival. Or did it only seem so? During that trip, delegates fronn Yes. we had finally reached the thresh­ sides signed a Protocol of Coopet old of vv'hal it meant to be an American of which calls for the establishment of Ukrainian descent. Finally getting the ally beneficial relationships through chance to experience something tangibly ities that will encourage and facility Ukrainian, we were definitely going to strengthening of democratic institu realize how w^e as Americans, born and especially of an independent judiciar raised in a nation of freedom and democ­ The return trip of the Ohio deleg кт racy, have learned to take for granted our "Babusia" in Cherkasy shows off her prize '4royandy" (roses) to student exchange was in June 1993, and consisted of n. ,^. c- easy access to the basic necessities of life, participants (from left) Terenia Chomodolsky, Areta Trytjak and Marta Юufas. sentatives of the Ohio Supreme Co^^rt, as well as our many luxuries. Ukraine was Cuyahoga County Common Pleas Court, going to be one of the greatest experiences turned to politics. I expected to hear them motherland in its time of need. In a world the Ohio Judicial Conference, the Ohio of our lives. It would be our challenge. bad mouth communism and pooh-pooh where people often feel like they have lit­ State Bar Association, the Ohio State Bar Since second grade I have been Boris Yeltsin; but, they sowed me a leaf tle control over anything and everything Foundation, Case Western Reserve Law enrolled in Ukrainian Saturday School, from a tree I had never expected to come that happens, we often tend to leave the School, and members of the Ukrainian where I have spent 12 years studying my upon in my life. Certainly not in Ukraine! responsibility of sacrifice up to others. American legal community. The delega­ language, culture and history. "Matura" "Communism kept food on our plates, And such feelings are shared even more tion visited three cities in Ukraine (pronounced mah-tu'-rah), the final exam it secured a job for our father and gave us so among my generation. (Kyyiv, Lviv and Kharkiv) and met with and graduation with distinction from a sense of stability — a false sense or In Ukraine I had the chance to "edu­ those who had visited Ohio the year what we all affectionately called "Uke not, the feeling of security was there. cate" the people I met, grew close to and before and many others. school," was the culmination and final Now we fear the future." That is what finally fell in love with. These were my This program is already producing reward for all my years of study. was most important to them and every­ brothers and sisters who, just like my positive results. Through the relation­ The chance to see all the places I one else who has been suffering since the parents, might have come to America. ships established, Case Western Reserve learned about in Ukrainian history books, fall of "the evil empire." I had never seri­ They simply were not as fortunate. Law School will be hosting Prof. Eugene to practice my mother tongue among those ously thought along those lines before. Therefore, I felt that by letting them T. Roulko of the Institute of Intemational who speak it on a daily basis, to experience My instincUve first reacdon to this know that hard work, a zest for life and a Relations at Kyyiv University as a visit­ the oppression of a country that had been was denial. Having been brought up in a dedication to bringing their country out of ing professor this spring. Prof. Roulko is suffering under a Communist dictatorship well-protected Ukrainian environment its ruins would soon bring them into the an expert in comparative constitutional and is only now trying to recuperate — that kept me aware of the current events light, I was contributing my own knowl­ law of post-Communist countries, com­ well, let's just say that the chance was one occurring in Ukraine, I understood how edge and experience. Yes, I know, "Easier mercial and trade law, and international of a lifetimc.and totally irresistible. Russia was able to dominate Ukraine and said than done." But I promised them that public law. In addition, two Ukrainian Traveling in Ukraine not only helped the various other republics and how the one day I would be back to help them. students have already enrolled in this me to attach places to the names and the "system" had fooled its own people as As the time came closer to leave for project and will be coming to Case dates I had learned about, but also gave well as the rest of the world. home, I said my good-byes and took one Western Reserve Law'School next year. me a whole new feeling for this troubled At this point I even thought they might final look at what I knew had become my Having taken the time to lay solid nation. My knowledge and views of be Communists, and I was ready to pick second home. The last thing I can groundwork for these exchange relation­ Eastern European politics have broad­ up my bags and leave. Fortunately, some­ remember was driving down that same ships, spokespersons for Case Western ened. My perception of who I am and thing told me to stay, to listen to them old bumpy road, with all of its potholes. Reserve Law School say they are confi­ what I stand for has been enhanced. And and accept their opinions as those com­ This time, however, the sunflowers dent that based on existing exchange pro­ the value of freedom and democracy has ing from people who have experienced a were no longer dancing or shining. They grams and the continuing support of the been raised to a new height. great upheaval in their world. They were stood silently in their carefully planted Gund Foundation International Law the ones who would have to continue liv­ rows, heads bent low as if in sadness at Center, participation will continue to Areta Trytjak, 17, is a senior at Mount ing in uncertainty long after my two the state of their country and the sight of grow and each year will result in incre­ St, Mary Academy in Watchung, N.J. months were up and I had gone to my our departure. Or did it only seem so? mental benefits to both Ohio and Ukraine. 12 THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, NOVEMBER 28, 1993 No. 48

with the Wolanskys and Poniatyshyns of Ukrainian Catholic... our day, undertake the reconstitution of Thinking about buying a iiome? (Continued from page 8) the Church in the diaspora. The recogni­ immigration were not as active as their tion of the Patriarchate of the Ukrainian parents had been. The Church was insuffi­ Catholic Church with jurisdiction world­ The Ukrainian National Association ciently defined as a distinct entity. wide is essential to give the Church the offers its members Immediately following the World War II needed autonomy to define her identity the Ukrainian American community found and fulfill her mission, he underlined. itself amidst major demographic changes. The discussion that followed was live­ The large wave of new arrivals after ly and extensive. Dr. Bohdan Vitvitsky the second world war came at a time expressed succinctly the urgent need to • Low Fixed Rate Mortgage Loans when the previously established commu­ set priorities, facilitate dialogue with the nity had to face the next phase of their Church leadership, and most importantly, • For 1-3 Family Owner Occupied Homes being: determining who they were in the to define who we are as the Ukrainian • Quicic Appraisai and Approval American context as a Church and as a Catholic Church today. community. No more an inmiigrant soci­ George Malachowsky, president of the • Low Closing Fees ety, their needs greatly differed from the New York chapter of the Patriarchal emigre arrivals with fresh memories of Society, an organization of laity of the • Fast and Friendly Service war and the ever-present Ukrainian cause. Ukrainian Catholic Church, thanked the Dr. Kuropas observed that the question of audience for their interest. the future of the Ukrainian Catholic * * * Church was postponed once again. Thin icing about refinancing? The arrival of the new emigration with Four important benchmarks can be list­ their sheer numbers temporarily re-ener­ ed in the life of the Ukrainian Catholic gized the Church and the community. Church in the diaspora. Foremost of these Although the Ukrainian Catholic Church was the successful transplantation of the Talce the right step. Call us about rates, experienced rapid expansion in the 1950s Ukrainian (Greek) Catholic Church into terms and more information at and 60s, today it is in the same position as the New World. Next came the period of it was in 1939. Recent years show a dra­ steering the Church through intense socio­ matic decline. Dr. Kuropas cited the fig­ political mine fields in effort to define her ures from the 1967 Official Catholic particularity. Thirdly, the Ukrainian Directory, which listed the Ukrainian Catholic Church was defined by the 1 (800) 253-9862 (except N.J.) or Catholic population at 281,253; by 1992 it Confessor for the Faith Josyf Slipyj in the (201)451-2200 had dropped to 140,314. That's a loss of framework of its Kyyivan tradition and roughly half of the Ukrainian Catholic the second Vatican Council. Finally, the faithful in about one generation, he empha­ coming out of the heretofore clandestine sized. The question remains: Was the role Greek-Catholic Church in Ukraine after and mission of the Ukrainian Catholic the collapse of the Soviet Union has The ultimate gift for your relatives in UKRAINE Church in America really addressed? forced us to consider more globally the New developments, namely the long- future of the Ukrainian Catholic Church in awaited independence of Ukraine, have the United States, North America, the brought into focus the diaspora, its insti­ diaspora. The matter of the Ukrainian Tractors and tutions and its future. In the context of Catholic Church in the diaspora broaches these developments. Dr. Kuropas the issue of territoriality of an Eastern small farming stressed the need for renewal from with­ Church which should be no different than in. As in the past, the laity has to once the territorial rights of Roman Catholic " equipment again take the initiative and, together jurisdictions. It is time to forge ahead.

A newer, easier For product information. better way call Toll Free: \ -800-354-3136 WELCOME 1 994 SEPCORP International, Inc. 25 Mountain Pass Road. Hopewell Junction, NY 12533 USA ,^ Celebrate f NEW YEARS at Read The Weekly. SOYUZIVKA Friday, December 31 «t - Sunday, January 2nd Wear The Weekly. ALL ROOMS SOLD OUT!!! Now available: The Ukramian Weekly T-shirts featuring The Ukrainian Weekly flag in white lettering on 100% ...But join us for the New Year's Weekend Festivities Space still available for New Year's Eve Banquet cotton black T-shirt. — Make your reservations TODAY!!! Price: $10 , plus $2 postage/handling, per shirt. Please contact SOYUZIVKA for hotels & motels in the area. To order, fill out form below, clip and mail to: Friday. December 31 St Featuring the "Vodohraj" Orche^ra — Forruat Black Tie Affafr THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY - By advanced Reservation GHVfm 30 Montgomery St. Frrday Night New Year% Eve Includes: Jersey City, NJ 07302 Cociaal}6&-7:dOi}m (No phone orders, please.) Dinner & Dance CHAMPAONE ALi НіаНТІІ ^0.00 Per {»erson Ai{> IN FUtl) Name:^ Address: [ Saturday, January 1st - THE PARTY CONTINUES City: State: Zip: 9:00pm ZABAVA — Dance to the tunes of the "FATA MORGANA" Orchestra Size Quantity Total number of shirts:, $10.00 at the door. SOYUZIVKA GUESTS FREE. S ($12 per shirt) M Amount enclosed: Please contact SOYUZIVKA for further information & reservations at: L Phone: (914) 626-5641 Ukrainian National Association Estate—Soyuzivka XL FAX: (914) 626-4638 Foordmore Road, Box 529 Kerhonkson, NY 12446 No. 48 THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, NOVEMBER 28, 1993 13

One modification to the EC's negoti­ European... ating mandate is a proposed change to To subscribe: Call The Ukrainian Weekly's Subscription Department at (201) (Continued from page 5) the anti-dumping procedure. Such a 434-0237, or send $20 ($10 if you are a member of the UNA) to The Ukrainian Weekly, Subscription Department, 30 Montgomery St., Jersey City, NJ 07302. the European Community on November *change would give greater market 4 announced in Brussels its desire to access to Russian exports (oil, gas, alu­ accelerate negotiations for a partnership minum) by making it harder for EC and cooperation agreement with Russia. member-states to accuse Russia of To further this goal, Jacques Delor, pres­ dumping its products in the community. ident of the European Community, was A second is the "softening" of the stan­ Important Information to travel to Moscow in November 11. dard human rights clause. The EC would Mr. Delor is expected to offer important not have the right to automatically sus­ regarding advertisements in "Svoboda" and "The Ukrainian Weekly." concessions as an incentive for Russia to pend the partnership and cooperation conclude a trade agreement. agreement for human rights breeches. Some businesses, organizations and private individuals have been Only a consistent failure to rectify human rights infringements after pre- sending their ads to an incorrect (incomplete) address. This causes consultations with the EC would justify delays in publication of text, which in turn results in customer complaints. Cleveland... suspension of the accord. (Continued from page 1) The EC is hoping to conclude a part­ Please address all advertising correspondence to Maria Szeparowycz, the monument was unveiled by Vitalyj nership and cooperation agreement with Advertising Manager. Svoboda Administration. Sobko, first secretary from the Ukrainian the Russian Federation before the Embassy in Washington, and members December elections. Negotiation^ are of the parish's Famine Committee. also under way with Ukraine, Belarus, Proclamations were read by Parma Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan. Terms of Г Mayor Michael Ries, as well as represen­ such accords differ from country to tatives of the governor of Ohio, U.S. country, depending on varying political senators and representatives. and economic factors. At the conclusion of the ceremonies, The EC will decide in 1998 whether wreaths were placed in front of the mon­ or not to establish a free-trade arrange­ NewVorHKyyiv ument by representatives of various ment with Russia. parish organizations and youth. This was on Balkan Airlines via superb Boeing 767-200ER followed by the spreading of soil around the monument by eyewitnesses and sur­ Info about "Ukrain" > Monday departures from JFK + $21 vivors of the Great Famine. The soil was • Excellent service, perfect connection brought from the famine monument As reported last week in a book note, ROUND recently dedicated in Kyyiv. the results of research conducted on the Call your travel ag^nt or: TRIP Following the outdoor program, over anti-cancer drug "Ukrain" are found in 720 One-ways, and add-ons fron\ 400 people participated in a memorial the supplement to Volume XVIII, 1992, of Drugs Under Experimental and Balkan all msgor cities are available. luncheon in die parish center. HOLIDAYS The event was covered by a local tele­ Clinical Research. They may be obtained 41E. 42nd St., #508, New \brk, NY 10017 Same rates to Moscow vision station on the evening news, as from: Bioscience Ediprint Inc., 16 Rue and from Kyyiv (Kiev) well as by local newspapers, which fea­ Alexandre Gavard, 1227 Carouge- Fax: (212) 573-5538 • Td: (212) 573-5530 tured the monument on their front pages. Geneva, Switzerland.

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For subscription or advertising information, contact: Christine Demkowych, Publisher Richard Seelye, Sales 310/444-9702 (Los Angeles) 044.229.6425 (Kyyiv) e-mail: MCIMAIL, ID: 6240989 14 THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, NOVEMBER 28, 1993 No. 48 Ukraine's economic crisis... Share The Weekly with a colleague (Continued from page 9) conditions or targets are not being met. Giving nothing until things settle gives the West and Western institutions zero leverage to influence the direction of economic policy. Giving a lot to some and little or nothing to others weakens leverage in both the receiving and non-receiving countries. Only a credible, even-handed allotment at the right moment (and an equally credible suspension of assistance in the event of COMICS!!! COMICS!!! COMICS!!! non-fulfillment of conditions) is likely to have any effect or influence. The even-hand- FROM UKRAINE... LIMITED NUMBER edness is important for future developments in all successor states of the former AVAILABLE IN NORTH AMERICA, USSR. INTERESTING, COLLECTIBLE, EDUCATIONAL,... Finally, for Ukraine, what needs to be done to break the vicious circle of misunder­ GREAT ART WORK, STOCKING STUFFERS!!! standing with the West? On the Ukrainian side, there will have to be some important political changes and some meaningful prior steps in economic reform. In politics Battle of two knights; colour greater stability may come with the elections called for 1994, but it is clear the • historical; English/Ukrainian Can. $2.00 x = prospect of early elections is not enough to regain credibility on the economic reform front. To regain lost credibility, some large steps must be taken such as: a push for pri­ riMamaj ;Wo\.lB&V^ I—I fantasy; Ukrainian $3.75 X = _ vatization, an effective clampdown on easy and massive credits to industry and kolkhoz agriculture, realistic prices for energy, and other measures described in the Sviatoslav; Vol^&W last section of this paper. • adult humour, Ukrainian $4.00 X = _ Such a program of economic reforms could quickly lead to release of credits of major international financial institutions - the IMF, World Bank, in particular - as has Postage and Handling already been done not only for the well-publicized case of Russia, but also for the three For Each order of 3 comics, please add $2.00 x _ Baltic states, Moldova, Kyrgyzstan, Kazakhstan, Belarus. The magnitude of potential In Canada GST 7% access by Ukraine to such low interest, favorable-term credits^ is approximately:

TOTAL At start of Within 3-6 months Annually program conditional afterwards

IMF $350M $350M $1.0 В Audress: WorldBank $300M $300M $1.0B Other International Institutions 7 ? 7 Make Check or Money Order payable to: Industrial Countries $500+M $500+M $1.0+B ZHURAVLI LTD 253 Machray Ave., Total $1.0+B $1.0+B $3.0+B Winnipeg, MB R2W lAl These are orders of magnitude only, and invariably, when IMF/Bank financing is approved, individual countries are more willing to assist, as are private financing ATTN: MYROSLAW TRACZ sources. Thus, it is by no means inconceivable to count on about $1.5 billion to $2 bil­ COMING SOON: MAMAJ VOL 2 THE DRAGON FIGHTER B/W UKRAINIAN lion within the first half year, and up to or even over $3 billion per year to cover HELUR PARALAT THE SCYTHIAN NfYSTIC/WARRIOR Ukraine's negative balance of payments needs while it makes the adjustments needed in its policies to overcome the need for foreign assistance. UKRAINIAN/ENGLISH COLOUR Major industrial countries could also take an initiative stating that, as a "quid pro quo" for this, or a new, government's undertaking credible steps to stabilize the run­ away inflation and begin market reforms, financial support would be provided in a certain magnitude and in specific forms. YALYNKA A meaningful financial hand forward and might start with public statements that explicitly delink financial assistance NEЛVYEAR based on supportable reforms from the resolution of the far more difficult nuclear inEVIV arms and security guarantee problem. Additionally, some leadership by one of the Western countries (Germany, January 3-17,1994 France or Canada?) might be shown in via CZECHAm organizing pledging sessions (like Tokyo for Russia) preparing for the day a sup­ 15 Day Tour $1330.00 portable reform program reappears in Ukraine. Some early emergency assis­ tance for, say, buying critical oil imports TOUR FEATURES at world market prices, would not do any First Class Hotel — Breakfast Basis, Ukrainian harm either, not only by raising the credi­ bility of the West in Ukraine, but actually Visa Fee & Handling, 1 City sightseeing, 1 Theater helping it overcome a serious problem Performance, Transfers & Baggage Handling, Gala that endangers not only the economy but even the sovereignty of the nation. TOUR CLOSING DATE Dinner, Tips and Taxes, Kobasniuk Escort. Summary December 1, 1993 The economy of Ukraine is in a state of hyperinflationary depression with no AIR ONLY with Ukrainian Visa Fee and handling, arrival transfer and KTI Escort Assistance $775.00. immediate signs of improvement. This situation is not only serious in its effects on the living standards of the population, KOBASNIUK TRAVEL INC. but threatens to undermine various other (Established 1920) aspects of newfound independence. Therefore proper economic management 157 Second Avenue, New York, N.Y. 10003 is no longer a luxury for tomorrow once (212) 254-8779 • (800) 535-5587 basic institutions of nation-building are in place, but must be addressed as a first pri­ ority of the nation's leaders. (Continued on page 15) To: KOBASNIUK TI^VEL INC. 157 Second Avenue, New York, N.Y. 10003 ^ Ukraine's risk-factor is currently so high, private finance by bond sales or com­ Enclosed is my $250.00 per person deposit for January 3, 1994 YALYNKA TOUR mercial bank borrowing would be either Name(s) unavailable or extremely costly. An indica­ tion is that government guaranteed credits for Address exports of Western country products to Ukraine (from U.S., Canada, Germany) are Zip Code .....Tel. No Area Code No presently about 10-12 percent. Private credits SINGLE ROOM accommodation requested at additional $165.00 would be more expensive. In contrast, IMF credits are now slightly below 6 percent with [ ] I am a U.S. Citizen [ ] I am NOT a U.S. Citizen no repayment until four years, and then repayment extended over the next six years. No. 48 THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, NOVEMBER 28, 1993 15

change the rules of the economic game in Economic crisis.. such a way as to remove the opportuni­ HAMALIA (Continued from page 14) ties for the large, quick profits of this TRAVEL CONSULTANTS While the starting conditions for rentier-capitalist-activity. Mailing Address: 43 St. Mark's Place, Suite 6E, New York, N.Y. 10003 Ukraine were not easy, and some negative This means principally the following r n factors exist which partly explain the pre­ measures: DIRECT FLIGHTS TO KYYIV sent economic crisis - dependence on • Reduce 8Ьаф1у the issuance of polit­ Russian petroleum; the colonial inheri­ ically popular low-interest credits to tance of weak economic financial expertise enteфrises and agriculture. $565.00 - the principal causes are internal: a failure • Raise interest rates to levels com­ ROUND TRIP/ALL TAXES INCLUDED to take adequate action aimed at stabilizing mensurate with inflation. inflation and reforming the economy. The • Begin to close inefficient operations, FOR RESERVATIONS AND INFORMATION PLEASE CALL basic outline of what needs to be done to starting with those that eat up more ener- j 212 473 0839 control inflation and begin the transition to gy and raw materials than the value of : the market is well known, and even out­ output they produce. lined in programs as early as March 1992.5 • Provide direct support for the unem­ Ik 1800 HAMALIA Ж jveral other programs on paper can be ployed, which would be far less costly enumerated, but little real action has taken than the indirect support via credits to place and the result is a deepening eco­ pay wages of workers producing very lit­ nomic crisis. The real question is why tle of value. there has not been more action? • Free prices, especially first for ener­ GLOSSARY OF BUSINESS TERMINOLOGY The answer proposed in this paper is a gy and raw materials where rentier-capi­ combination of two phenomena: the dom­ talist profits occur most often. ENGLISH-UKRAINIAN inance among policy-makers and politi­ • Impose a special energy tax to UKRAINIAN-ENGLISH cians of the view that one should move induce energy conservation, and use pro­ gradually and retain a high degree of ceeds for immediate critical energy pro­ .About 3500 terms state-guidance; the influence of a new jects such as an oil-terminal on the Black group of rentier-capitalists who gain most Sea, a pipeline to Adriatic Sea or Aegean by Yarema Havrylyshyn, International Management Institute not from quick reforms towards a real Sea terminals, etc. (Ukraine) competitive market dominated by private • Eliminate export licensing, import quo­ and Orysia Karloc, University of St. Thomas (St. Paul, enterprise, but from a highly regulated tas and other foreign exchange restrictions Minnesota, USA) largely state-owned economy in which and impose customs duties on imports, they have a great deal of autonomy from which at present are mostiy duty-free. Smoloskyp Publishers, Kyyiv, 1993. but influence upon the government. • Begin small-scale privatization While the individuals in this group do rapidly to absorb those disemployed in • published to promote the development of commercial ties have their origins, as popular wisdom industry, and begin large-scale privatiza­ between Ukraine and the Western business world notes, in the old nomenklatura elite, this tion including industry and land. • intended for use by entrepreneurs and experts in Ukraine merely explains how these particular indi­ This list of "romantic" recommenda­ and abroad viduals got to these positions. The origins tions as many critics in Ukraine label • practical and easy for use, contains the main terminology of the rentier-capitalists is not helpful, which can be applied to business, foreign economics, banking, them, is perhaps familiar to most, but finance and credit and other activities. however, in considering a solution to the does have one element of novelty: they problem. Replacing them is not politically have not yet been tried. easy given Й1Є large numbers, and in any Cost: $7.95 + $1.00 shipping event the attractive profits to be made as long as opportunities for quick profit 5 The first complete "program" after inde­ Available from: SVOBODA BOOKSTORE pendence was approved by the Cabinet on remain means new replacements would November 30, 1992. Historically, one could 30 Montgomery Street, Jersey City, N.J. 07302, USA soon behave in much the same way. go back to November 1990 and the There is unfortunately only one feasi­ Conceptual Program of V. Pylypchuk which New Jersey residents are subject to 6% sale tax. ble solution: to have a government coura­ also contains the basic outlines of a market geous enough to move quickly and reform program.

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Gen, Morozov... First-class Catholics... (Continued from page 3) (Continued from page 8) Ministries of Defense of Russia and this century alone. Ukraine signed an agreement for the joint The concerns of the Church are very ;оюзіекА monitoring of all nuclear warheads and properly the concerns of all the faithful, rocket systems. Admittedly, it was diffi­ and it is right and necessary that our Q cult, but such an agreement was signed Ukrainian Catholic people here in the SOYUZiVKA and it is being implemented. United States should take a keen interest in In order to do so, our government pro­ the life and work of our Church in Ukraine. Spend the vided several million rubles, not karbo- In the context of consistent support, ques­ vantsi, at exchange rates current in early tions and criticism have their proper place. CHRISTMAS HOLIDAYS 1993, of financing to the enterprises in Criticism is always most effective when it Ukraine that would carry out the neces­ is based on a full understanding of the With Your Friends & Family sary tasks. given problem or difficulty. As part of this process, our two sides Our progress toward the full accom also arrived at an understanding concern­ plishment of our long-desired Patriarchate SOYUZIVKA ing the areas in which various technical is very important. Recently, the Code of measures had to be taken in order to Canons of the Eastern Churches has been Come to Soyuzivka and celebrate Christmas with us. maintain the safety of the weapons sys­ published; this set of laws provides a firm December 24th to December 25th 1993. tems remaining in Ukraine. These have canonical understanding of a Patriarchate, been fully financed [a reference to earlier or and a complete outline of the Patriarchal January 6th to January 7th 1994. Russian accusations that Ukraine does structure. not have the fiscal strength to maintain We have no need to wait; we are try­ $68.00 standard rooms and/or decommission weapons]. ing to implement this outline here and The special rate of $78.00 deluxe rooms per person will include: In fact, the Russian technical and entre­ now. In Ukraine, the various departments preneurial circles with whom we worked ("dicasteries," as they are called in in order to implement the weapons moni­ Traditional Christmas Eve Supper, canonical terminology) of the coming toring agreement made no such com­ Patriarchate are beginning to function Breakfast, and a choice of plaints or allegations of inadequate mea­ distinct from the offices of the turkey or steak for lunch on sures taken by Ukraine. Archeparchy of Lviv. We must under­ Christmas Day. Such accusations only have surfaced stand that in a substantial Patriarchate, after the fact, in the course of arms nego­ Also included are tax & tips. while the patriarch holds the title of an tiations and in various political forums. We require $25.00 per person important eparchy or diocese, the actual They have also been unrelenting, and diocese is entrusted to an administrator along with your reservation. obviously calculated to pressure Ukraine (who is always a bishop), so that the For those who wish to join us for our from within and internationally. patriarch can give his full attention to the traditional Christmas Eve Supper only, To conclude, it is obvious that you affairs of the entire Church sui iuris. the rate is $17.50 per person. are the object of considerable admira­ Thus the holy father has a cardinal-vicar Advance reservations only. tion here in the diaspora. You said to for the Archdiocese of Rome, and the one autograph seeker: "Excuse me, Archdiocese of Rome has a chancery I'm not a cosmonaut." What effect quite separate from the Papal Curia. does your popularity have on you, and Gradually, our Church is doing the same. how prevalent is it in Ukraine? I appreciate the need for reconciliation I approach this very calmly, and do not, among the Ukrainian Greek-Catholic in fact, consider myself to be either a cos­ Church and the Ukrainian Orthodox SOYUZIVKA GIFT SHOP monaut, or particularly popular. To tell you Churches. We desire to go further; it is Is open all year round. the truth, it does not make me very happy. not enough only to treat one another with We offer a magnificent selection It makes me somewhat uncomfortable courtesy and friendship. We must strive of gift items for Christmas when an undue amount of attention is con­ actively to promote the restoration of the and other occasions. centrated on my name or person. This was full unity of our ancestral Church of actually one of the reasons why I with­ Kyyiv, to be "Orthodox in faith and For reservations please contact: Ukral.ilan National Association Estate drew my candidacy before my review as Catholic in love," as Pope John Paul II Phone:(914)626-5641 Box 529, Foordmore Road defense minister, because I did not wish to teaches us, to live in full, unequivocal FAX: (914) 626-4638 Kerhonkson, NY 12446 become the focus of a schism or collision communion with the Church of Rome, the of my opponents and my supporters. Church "which presides in love," and with the Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople, our historic Mother. With God's help, we can accomplish this great goal that Metropolitan Audrey Sheptytsky has bequeathed to us. And in this process, Non-Stop Service New York to Kyyiv there are no losers; there are no "second- class Catholics"; no one is deprived of anything good, but we shall all be victori­ ous in the Risen Lord Jesus Christ.

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3) The Russo-German war and the German occupation of Ukraine, Ukrainians in the ranks of the Soviet,. German and other armies, the Galicia Division. 4) The resistance of the Ukrainian people against the Nazi and CABINET of MINISTERS of UKRAINE Soviet occupiers, the Ukrainian Insurgent Army. Kyyiv 5) The Soviet occupation of Western Ukraine in 1944, renewed terror and the destruction of Ukrainian Churches. April 1993 No. 004653 6) The consequences of war, famine in 1946-47, emigration,

To: All Ukrainians Displaced Persons camps, forcible repatriation and re-settle­

Dear Brothers and Sisters! ment. Parts 1 and 2 of the film are scheduled to be completed in The world does not known about the fate of Ukraine and the horrible sacrifices our nation endured during the Second World War. Ukrainians are smeared as collaborators of German fascism 1994; parts 3 and 4 in 1995 and parts 5 and 6 in 1996. To date, and unfairly accused of war crimes. the Centre has collected 260 video and 180 audiotapings of inter­ ^ It is necessary, finally, to make the truth about Ukraine known; to show that Ukraine was the vic­ tim of both Nazi and Soviet fascism. views in the diaspora and, in the last two years, in Ukraine, with It is necessary to show the world how the Ukrainian nation fought for its independence and for people who played a part in the events covered in our film. The the equal rights of all nationalities for whom Ukraine has become a homeland. To achieve his goal, a documentary film modeled on Harvest of Despair \s needed. In the same Centre is continuing to conduct such interviews. way that the world found out about the Soviet genocide of Ukrainians in 1932-33, the world can We are attaching to our letter an appeal from a Vice Premier of learn about the tragic fate of Ukraine during the war. Ukraine, the Chairman of the Supreme Council Committee on The Ukrainian Canadian Research and Documentation Centre has already begun the prepara­ tion of such a film. We appeal to all those who are able to do so to support this project financially and Foreign Affairs and a Major-General of the Army of Ukraine, in make a donation to the Ukrainian Canadian Research and Documentation Centre in Toronto, 620 which they draw attention to the importance of such a film about Spadina Avenue, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 2H4. Ukraine in World War 11. With Ukraine entering the international arena, it is important (&J^^k^ that the world public be informed about her recent history. Because of general ignorance about Ukraine's past, particularly Dmytro Pavlychko Mykola Zhulynsky, Chairman, Committee on Foreign Affairs Vice Premier of Ukraine about the struggle for independence, the policies of the leader­ Supreme Council of Ukraine ship of Ukraine are often misunderstood. The true history of PS. і agree with the text of this letter and support the appeal to all Ukrainians in the diaspora to help in the production of the important film Ukraine in World War II for worid television. Ukraine in the 20th century should be documented and shown Translated from the original Ukrainian text. on all television networks in the world. In order to complete the film project, the Ukrainian Canadian Research and Documentation Centre needs financial support from Ukrainians in the diaspora, particularly those in Canada and the United States. We trust that, on receiving this letter, you will send us your contribution for the making of the film Ukraine in World War IL We appeal to all for whom Ukraine remains close Ukrainian Canadian Research and Documentation Centre under the auspices of the World Congress of Free Ukrainians to the heart. For your convenience, we include a declaration

620 Spadina Avenue Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 2H4 which we kindly ask you to fill out. Tel.: (416) 966-1819 Fax.: (416) 964-6085 We thank you for your support and understanding. Sincerely yours, Board of Directors Honorary IHembers Chairman: Wasyl Janishewskyj Ukraine (f)^^/^^f^ l\/lembers: Stephan Chmara Jurij Darewych Viacheslav Chornovil Wsevolod Isajiw Ivan Orach Prof. Wasyl Janlshevskyj Prof. Jurij Darewych Ostap Wynnyckyj, Ph.D. Chairman Wasyl Kerelluk Mykhailo Horyn Secretary Chief Financial Officer Mykola Kushpeta Lev Lukianenko Oleh Romanyshyr) Vofodymyr Muliava DECLARATION Bohdan Onyschuk Dmytro Pavlychko Appreciating the importance of the documentary film Ukraine During World War II, I/we Switlana Medwicky Yuriy Shuchevych Modest Mycyk Larysa Skoryk make a donation, to help cover its costs, in the sum of . ^dollars, Retro SmylskI which shall be paid: Iroida Wynnycka Ostan Wynnyckyj Q in full with the return of this signed declaration; • A cheque In the amount of _ dollars is attached. Fellow Ukrainians: the first payment on the account of the declared sum Balance: $ in 1993, $ in 1994, $ in 1995 We have informed you previously about the work that the Ukrainian Canadian Research and Documentation Centre has

done towards the production of the film Ukraine in World War II. N.B. After compieting and signing this declaration make out your cheque payable to:

In this letter, we would like to let you know how the project is pro­ • In the United States: Z.U.D.A.K. (United Ukrainian American Relief Committee) gressing and to ask for your continued support in this endeavour re: Canadian Educational Fund, Ace. No. 8146,1319 West Lindley Avenue, so that the film can be completed as soon as possible. Philadelphia, Pa. 19141. At the beginning of June, 1993, the Centre signed a contract with • In Canada: Ukrainian Canadian Research and Documentation Centre, 620 Spadina Avenue, Toronto, Ontario M5S 2H4. Siavko Novytsky, the director of our previous film, Harvest of Donors will receive tax receipt for Income tax porposes. Despair Mr. Novytsky will now be responsible for the preparation Names of Sponsors, Patrons or Benefactors will Appear in the film and video cassettes! of the film Ukraine in World War iL As planned, the film will be in ONE TIME DONATIONS six parts which will cover the foiiowing subjects: Appreciating the importance of, and need for the preparation of the documentary film 1) Ukraine on the eve of WWII: the consequences of the "Ukraine During World War ІГ, \/\Ne gladly join its creators and declare a donation, to Famine and the Great Terror in Eastern Ukraine, Nationalist help cover its costs, in the sum of dollars. movements in Western Ukraine, Carpatho-Ukraine: the first vic­ tim of Hitler's Eastern policy. 2) The Soviet occupation of Western Ukraine, 1939-41. THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, NOVEMBER 28, 1993 No. 48

Compendium... Collected verse... (Continued from page 7) (Continued from page 7) The Weekly: S-r;9?--'- of the family's history in her book "I'll and in Canada. Tell You about Kazakhstan," 1969.) Tarnawsky was constantly in a search Voiodymyr Starosolsky's letters from of new and better metaphors, compar­ Siberia to the family's Lviv address were isons, alliterations and assonances. He saved though the kindness of a postal particularly liked such aphorisms as worker and were forwarded by a relative ''Life is a jump through the window of to Kazaklistan. One such letter is repro­ the sky, from where one can easily see duced in this book. the marching centuries," or ''Human beings are animals which became used The hope of a family reunion was to living socially." Oddly enough, how­ briefly kindled by a Polish-Soviet agree­ ever, Tarnawsky's vocabulary is not ment granting amnesty to former Polish always of careful selection, however. citizens held in Soviet prisons. His word accents or syllable accents in However, it was not to be. Daria a sentence are sometimes incorrect, a Starosolska died in Kazakhstan on fact that gives rise to several imperfec­ December 28, 1941. Ihor set out alone tions in individual lines of poetry. The on the long journey through Novosibirsk accent in Ukrainian is very important to Mariyinsk to secure his father's because it determines the meter, the release. He arrived on February 25, rhythm of a verse, and the character of 1942, only to be told that Voiodymyr the rhyme. Starosolsky had succumbed to pellagra in the camp hospital that very day. "Poems" is an attractive volume, including a limited number of valuable This is a translation (by Marta black and white photographs of the Kichorowsky-Kebalo) of the article ''Pro author and his family. Ostap Tarnawsky Knyzhku 'Voiodymyr Starosolsky,'" was a civil engineer with a diploma from which appeared in Ukrainski Visti, April the Technical University of Graz, yet he 5, 1992; supplemented by material from preferred literature and regarded engi­ the Encyclopedia of Ukraine. neering as an aberration to his life. He was for many years president of the Slovo Ukrainian Writers Organization and a member of the International PEN В Club. He died unexpectedly on Ш^К8-ШШШШ:ШШшШШш:^: Danish Cookies 3Lb September 19, 1992, at the age of 75. His *4I ! Peanut Butter 2.5 Lb "Poems" will long remain of consider­ Giant Chocolate Synip 1.5 Lb Flour 25 Lb R 1 G able interest to a wide audience. Canned Ham 6 xlLH Farina 100 Lb і Powdered Sugar 2 Lb vSugar 20 Lb Flour 25 Lb Hard Salami 3Lb Buckweat Groats 50 Lb 1 Dry Cream 2Lb 1 Rice 20 Lb 1 Sugar 25 Lb Luncheon Meat 3x1 Lb Rice 20 Lb Raisins 2 Lb 1 Macaroni 5 Lb Oil IQt Chicken Sausages ILb Sugar 25 Lb Tea 1.5 Lb ! Salt 2 Lb Canned Ham 7 Lb Canned Sardines ILb Flour 25 Lb Coffee 2.5 Lb 1 Total Weight 75 Lb Corned Beef 4 Lb YEVSHAN Chicken Soup 24 pes Vegetable Oil 1 Gal SuusweetPnme 1 lb Margarine 5 Lb Macaroni 5 Lb 1 Canned Meat 7.5 Lb 1 Bubble Gum ILb Books - Cassettes - Compact disks - Videos $ 98.00 Macaroni 6 Lb Vegetable Oil IGal Crisco 6 Lb Total Weight 24 Lb Language tapes - Call for our Catalog Tae 08 Oz D Crisco 6 Lb Coffee 08 Oz Luncheon Meat 12 Oz Coffee 08 Oz New cassette for kids "Dobryden" Canned Peas 4x1 Lb Tea 08 Oz $ 72.00 Canned Sardines ILb Chocolate 5 pes Black Pepper ILb Weight 250 Lb I Total Weight 92 Lb Canned Ham ILb Rice 20 Lb M 1-800-265-9858 Corned Beef 12 Oz , Mustard L5Lb 1 $ 255.00 1 iLuncheon Meat 7.5 Lb VISA-MASTER CARD ACCEPTED Canned Peas ILb $ 149.00 ^Olives ILb Canned Sardines 3 Lb Hard Salami ILb BOX 325, BEACONSFIELD, QUEBEC Ketchup 2 Lb Canned Ham 3 Lb Rice 3Lb 1 Chicken BouHon 13 Oz 1Buckwea t^ Groat s CANADA, H9W 5T8 rLuncheo~ Nn Mea~t 4 Lb 50 Lb Corned Beef 3 Lb Macaroni 5 Lb Canned Sardinej 3Lb Dry Milk 2Lb Hard Cheese 5 Lb Chicken Sausages 1 Lb Oil IQt Dry Milk 4 Lb Chocolate Syrup 1.5 Lb Rice 20 Lb Hard Salami 3 Lb Dry Milk 2 Lb Vegetable Oil 1 Gal Raisins 2 Lb Vegetable Oil . 1 Gal Chicken Soup 24 pes Coffee 8 0z Canned Ham 3Lb Coffee 2.5 Lb 1 Canned Meat 7.5 Lb Mustard L5Lb Cocoa 8 0z Macaroni 6 Lb Cocoa ILb Crisco 6 Lb iTotal Weight 32 Lb Tea 10 Oz FLOWERS Rice 20 Lb Tea ILb Coffee 08 Oz Tola' Weight 24 Lb Total Weight 53 Lb Powdered Sugar 2Lb Tea 08 Oz $ 89.00 Peanut Butter 2.5 Lb Weight 108 Lb $ 79.00 1 $ 95.00 1 Bubble Gum ILb C 50 Lb Danish Cookies 3Lb Flour 1 $215.00 50 Lb p ToUil Weight 105 Lb Sugar Luncheon Meat 24 pes 24 pes 20 Lb Corned Beef Rice Delivered in Ukraine Total Weight 22.5 Lb Total Weight 23 Lb 5 Lb 1 $ 225.00 1 Macaroni 3Lb 1-800-832-1789 $65.00 $ 76.00 All Products Are From American Stores Ham 5/12 Oz Landmark, Ltd. Luncheon Meat 5/12 Oz Corned Beef To Order Call Toll Free : 1 800 965-7262 8 0z Coffee 100 pes. Tea For All Information Call: 1 908 925-0717 147 Lb Total Weight Planning a trip to We Accept All Major Credit Cards ! $175. 00

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ENHANCE rOUR PRESENTS Program geared to Artists in Education TRENTON, N.J. - The New Jersey for teachers. WITH OUR PRESENCE! State Council on the Arts has announced Long-term residences in all arts disci­ CALL TOLL FREE FOR OUR CATALOG FULL OF UKRAINIAN HEARTIFACTSl that application are available for the plines last at least 20 days and are sched­ UNIQUELY DESIGNED. HAND SCREENPRINTED & EiVIBROIDERED CLOTHING FOR ADULTS & CHILDREN/ 1994-1995 Artists in Education (AIE) uled at the convenience of the JEWLERY, HATS. UMBRELUS. TOTE BAGS & APRONS/ Program. The deadline for artists and school/sponsor and artist. A VARIETY OF PRICES/ SOMETHING FOR EVERYONE THAT YOU LOVE! schools to apply is February 1, 1994. To assist new school/sponsor and ,. UKRAINA INTERNATIONAL . ?7J^'J^"i^J!l™Pe?f^ ^^' ^^^'^ Begun in 1969, the AIE residency pro­ artist applicants, the NJSCA along with C n 228 E. SENECA TURNPIKE . к П f" ^^^IT #39, BOX 29536 gram promotes the arts as an integral part the Arts Council of the Essex Area and ^ 1-800-676-9091 TOLL FREE Q*^ CALL (416) 890-5353 of education and enhances the existing Playwrights Theatre of New Jersey are arts programming in the school. Through co-sponsoring grant workshops at: this program some of New Jersey's finest Perkins Center for the Arts, Moorestown, professional artists are placed in schools, December 6, 4-6 p.m.; Mt. Hebron grades K through 12, providing students, Middle School, Montclair, December 7, teachers and members of the community 4-6 p.m,; The State Theatre, New Trident Trade Group access to invaluable resources. In addi­ Brunswick, December 14,4-6 p.m.. tion to the regular residency grants, To attend the workshops, or for further applicants may apply for special projects information on the AIE program, contact that focus on development of arts cur­ acting AIE coordinator for the NJSCA, riculum and professional development Beth Bogel at (609) 292-6130. is pleased to extend lower prices for shipments Artists eligible for New Jersey fellowships during the holiday season: TRENTON, N.J. - The New Jersey and design arts, which includes architec­ 20% OFF on all parcel shipments State Council on the Arts is offering fel­ ture, interior design, landscape architec­ lowship grants to individual artists who ture, urban design and planning, industrial reside in New Jersey. design, fashion, and graphics/illustration. 10% OFF all standard food Artists may submit one application in Artists must submit a recent work any one of the following disciplines cate­ sample for evaluation by a peer panel. parcel orders gories: choreography, music composition, Interested artists should contact the NJ opera/musical theater composition, mime, State Council on the Arts at (609) 292- media arts, prose, poetry, playwriting, 6130 for a copy of the fellowship guide­ 10% OFF money transfers interdisciplinary, painting, sculpture, lines and application. The application graphics, experimental arts, photography deadline is December 15. STANDARD FOOD PARCEL #2 FROM OUR CATALOG

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UNA will send a CHRISTMAS CARD і Ibs.Coffee 3 lbs. Vegetable oil to Ukrainian Servicemen or Women, NOW 51bs.Hain 5 lbs. Peanut butter Щ in USA or Canadian Armed Forces 3 lbs. Bacon 24 Ramon Noodle Soup $90.00 10 lbs. Rice 6 lbs. Sausage ] whose names and addresses are received on or before December 10, 1993 5 lbs. Sugar from the readers of Svoboda or The Ukrainian Weekly. Fill in all necessary information below and mail coupon to: Services offered: Fraternal Activities Coordinator • Parcel package delivery • Food parcels UKRAINIAN NATIONAL ASSOCIATION 30 Montgomery Street • Jersey City, N.J. 07302 • Air express delivery • Custom food parcels • Wire transfer of US Dollars • Appliances Please mail Christmas greetings to: • VCR's, Radios, Cameras (220v) • Car shipment ; ALSO — scarves, sweaters, material, threads and many ot|ier Rank and Name: popular items for Ukraine.

Service address: UKRAINIAN GIFT SHOP DNIPRO 11758 Mitchell St. «Detroit, Ml 48212 698 Sanford Ave. • Newark, NJ 10716 (313) 892-6563 (201) 373-8783 20 THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, NOVEMBER 28, 1993 No. 48

Friday, December 3 Research Institute at Harvard University, as PREVIEW OF EVENTS part of its seminar series, is holding a lecture PHILADELPHIA: The Ukrainian by Natalia Chernysh, associate professor, Professional Society of Philadelphia will graduate of the Art Institute in Lviv and her to make a Christmas gift or decoration department of theory and history of culture, feature at its monthly meeting guest speaker subjects vary from landscapes to portraits in while their parents browse. Throughout the Lviv University, who will speak on "National Nadia McConnell, president of the the contemporary or traditional mode. She day, interested visitors will have the oppor­ Consciousness of Students in Contemporary U.S./Ukraine Foundation based in works with oil, acrylic paint and batik. Ms. tunity to view the church and hear an expla­ Ukraine: A Sociological Analysis," to be held Washington. The presentation, which is Nazarova will exhibit her newest designs nation of the architecture, iconography and in the HURI seminar room, 1583 open to the public, will be held at the inspired by Ukrainian folk art. Free admis­ liturgical articles used by the Orthodox. Massachusetts Ave., 4 - 6 p.m. For additional Ukrainian Educational and Cultural Center, sion. For more information, call Ms. information, call (617) 495-4053. 700 Cedar Road, 8-10 p.m., preceded by Diadenko, (312) 862-2321. MARLBORO, N.J.: St. Wolodymyr the refreshments at 7:30 p.m. Great Ukrainian Catholic Church will hold Friday - Sunday, December 10 -12 Saturday, December 4 its annual church bazaar at the Holmdel Fireball, Route 520, Holmdel, N.J., 10 a.m. - CHICAGO: Ukrainian National Women's TORONTO: St. Vladimir Institute presents NEW YORK: The Shevchenko Scientific "Catering an Affair," with Debra Bobechko 2 p.m. Ukrainian art, ethnic food and baked League of America Branch 101 invites the Society invites the public to a lecture by public to a group art exhibit to be held at the of "Forget Me Not Foods for Thought." The Yevhen Sverstiuk, author and literary critic, goods will be available for sale. event, to be held at the institute, 620 Ukrainian Cultural Center, 2247 W. Chicago who will address the topic "The Measure of JOHNSON CITY, N.Y.: The Ukrainian Ave. Among the artists whose work will be Spadina Ave., at 7:30 p.m., will feature food Freedom in the Creative Literary Process," Orthodox League will hold a craft and flea preparation and presentation ideas in time exhibited are: Slava Hnatiw, Slava Gerulak, to be held at the society's building, 63 market at St. John's Memorial Center, 1 St. Anatoliy Kushch, Edward Kozak, Yuriy for holiday entertaining. Debra and Ardys Fourth Ave., at 5 p.m. John Parkway, 11 a.m. - 5 p.m. will be offering recipes and handy tips. Kozak, Yarema Kozak, Mykhailo Moroz, Participants will be involved in hands-on HAMPTONBURGH, N.Y.: The annual Sunday - Friday, December 5-31 Kateryna Krychewska-Rosandych, Yuriy Christmas bazaar at St. Andrew the Apostle Sawchenko, Nadia Somko and Serhiy food preparation. Fee (includes materials PHOENIX, Ariz.: The 13th annual and food): $30. For additional information, Ukrainian Catholic Church, 698 Sarah Wells Stepaniuk. Opening night is Friday, International Christmas, with 39 individual call (416) 923-3318. Trail, will be held 10 a.m. - 3 p.m. Hosted December 10, at 7:30 p.m. Exhibit hours: by the Ladies Guild, it will feature home­ groups representing the cultural diversity of Saturday, December 11, 10 a.m. - 6 p.m.; the community, will be held at the indoor Friday - Sunday, December 3 - 5 made baked goods, Christmas decorations, Sunday, December 12, 10 a.m. - 4 p.m. Ukrainian food, handmade items, a White concourse. Bank One Center, 201 N. Central NEW YORK: The Yara Arts Group will Elephant table, and much more. For addi­ Ave., daily from 8 a.m. to 9 p.m., including Sunday, December 12 present a workshop production of "Yara's tional information, call (914) 496-6498. weekdays. Featured at the festival will be eth­ TORONTO: St. Vladimir Institute presents Forest Song," an original theater piece based nic Christmas trees, dolls, nativity scenes as "Some Enchanted Evening," a show of holi­ on Lesia Ukrainka's "Forest Song" recently TORONTO: Children of Chornobyl well as live choral music programs, ethnic Canadian Fund's "Help Us Help The day fashions, an afternoon of stunning designs translated by Virlana Tkacz and Wanda craft programs for youth and ethnic food fare. Children" project presents a tribute to sure to dazzle. Light refreshments will be Phipps. "Yara's Forest Song" includes seg­ There will also be booklets on Christmas cus­ Andrew Czornyj, a Benefit featuring served. The event will be held at the institute, ments of the translation together with con­ tom celebrations by each of the participating Anyhowtown, Nove Pokolinya, Ron Cahute, 620 Spadina Ave., 2 - 5 p.m. Tickets: $20. For temporary American poetry, myths and groups that will be available to the public at additional information, call (416) 923-3318. Solovey and The Tenants, to be held at 326 no charge courtesy of Bank One. For addi­ ancient songs incorporated into an original Queen St. W., at 8 p.m. Tickets: $30. musical score by Genji Ito. It is directed by tional information, call (602) 221-1005. SASKATOON: A slide presentarion on "How Ukrainians Celebrate Christmas" will Mr. Tkacz, designed by Watoku Ueno and Sunday, December 5 Tuesday, December 7 with choreography by Shigeko. "Yara's be presented by Curator Rose Marie Forest Song" will be shown as a work-in- PHILADELPHIA: A Christmas concert by CAMBRIDGE, Mass.: The Ukrainian Fedorak at the Ukrainian Museum of progress at the La Mama First Street the Ukrainian National Choir, under the Research Institute at Harvard University, as Canada, 910 Spadina Crescent E., at 2:30 Workshop Space, 6 E. First St. (between direction of Michael Dlaboha, will be held part of its seminar series, is holding a lecture p.m. The presentation will also include Bowery and Second Avenue) at 8 p.m. at the Immaculate Conception Cathedral by Gennadiy Boriak, deputy director. Institute explanations of the custom of Christmas car- Space is very limited, so reservations are Hall, 833 N. Franklin St., at 2:30 p.m. of Ukrainian Archeography, Ukrainian oling, New Year's celebrations and recommended. For information and reserva­ Admission: $10; senior citizens, $8. Tickets Academy of Sciences on the topic "Future Epiphany (Feast of Jordan). For further tions, call (212) 475-6474. may be obtained from choir members. Prospects for Archeography in Ukraine," with information, call (306) 244-3800. CLIFTON, N.J.: The Ukrainian Orthodox Patricia Kennedy Grimsted, HURI, associate ONGOING CHICAGO: Artist Olena Diadenko and Holy Ascension Church will hold its annual serving as commentator. The presentation will clothes designer Natalka Nazarova will hold Christmas bazaar in the church hall, 635 be held in the HURI seminar room, 1583 EAST HANOVER, N.J.: The Dumka Massachusetts Ave., 4 - 6 p.m. For additional Ukrainian Chorus is holding auditions and an exhibit of their works at the Ukrainian Broad St., 11 a.m. - 4 p.m. In addition to rehearsals every Sunday at 3 p.m. at the Cultural Center of Ss. Volodymyr and Olha crafts, gifts and holiday items, the bazaar information, call (617) 495-4053. Ramada Hotel, Route 10, (westbound). For Ukrainian Catholic Church located at Oakley will feature a bakery table as well as Thursday, December 9 further information, call Vasyl Hrechynsky, and Chicago. The opening will take place Ukrainian ethnic food. There will be a chil­ (718) 782-3109, or Mary Reszitnyk, (201) December 3 at 7:30 p.m. Ms. Diadenko is a dren's corner, where youngsters will be able CAMBRIDGE, Mass.: The Ukrainian 433-3980.

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