A Complete Guide to Allah
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Arsu and ‘Azizu a Study of the West Semitic "Dioscuri" and the Cods of Dawn and Dusk by Finn Ove Hvidberg-Hansen
’Arsu and ‘Azizu A Study of the West Semitic "Dioscuri" and the Cods of Dawn and Dusk By Finn Ove Hvidberg-Hansen Historiske-filosofiske Meddelelser 97 Det Kongelige Danske Videnskabernes Selskab The Royal Danish Academy of Sciences and Letters DET KONGELIGE DANSKE VIDENSKABERNES SELSKAB udgiver følgende publikationsrækker: THE ROYAL DANISH ACADEMY OF SCIENCES AND LETTERS issues the following series of publications: Authorized Abbreviations Historisk-filosofiske Meddelelser, 8° Hist.Fil.Medd.Dan.Vid.Selsk. (printed area 1 75 x 104 mm, 2700 units) Historisk-filosofiske Skrifter, 4° Hist.Filos.Skr.Dan.Vid.Selsk. (History, Philosophy, Philology, (printed area 2 columns, Archaeology, Art History) each 199 x 77 mm, 2100 units) Matematisk-fysiske Meddelelser, 8° Mat.Fys.Medd.Dan.Vid.Selsk. (Mathematics, Physics, (printed area 180 x 126 mm, 3360 units) Chemistry, Astronomy, Geology) Biologiske Skrifter, 4° Biol.Skr. Dan. Vid.Selsk. (Botany, Zoology, Palaeontology, (printed area 2 columns, General Biology) each 199 x 77 mm, 2100 units) Oversigt, Annual Report, 8° Overs. Dan.Vid.Selsk. General guidelines The Academy invites original papers that contribute significantly to research carried on in Denmark. Foreign contributions are accepted from temporary residents in Den mark, participants in a joint project involving Danish researchers, or those in discussion with Danish contributors. Instructions to authors Manuscripts from contributors who are not members of the Academy will be refereed by two members of the Academy. Authors of papers accepted for publication will re ceive galley proofs and page proofs; these should be returned promptly to the editor. Corrections other than of printer's errors will be charged to the author(s) insofar as the costs exceed 15% of the cost of typesetting. -
Basic Tenets of Islam
ABOUT THE AUTHOR Now writing under the pen-name of HARUN YAHYA, Adnan Oktar was born in Ankara in 1956. Having completed his primary and secondary education in Ankara, he studied fine arts at Istanbul's Mimar Sinan University and philosophy at Istanbul University. Since the 1980s, he has published many books on political, scientific, and faith-related issues. Harun Yahya is well-known as the author of important works disclosing the imposture of evolutionists, their invalid claims, and the dark liaisons between Darwinism and such bloody ideologies as fascism and communism. Harun Yahya's works, translated into 63 different languages, constitute a collection for a total of more than 55,000 pages with 40,000 illustrations. His pen-name is a composite of the names Harun (Aaron) and Yahya (John), in memory of the two esteemed Prophets who fought against their peoples' lack of faith. The Prophet's seal on his books' covers is symbolic and is linked to their contents. It represents the Qur'an (the Final Scripture) and Prophet Muhammad (saas), last of the prophets. Under the guidance of the Qur'an and the Sunnah (teachings of the Prophet [saas]), the author makes it his purpose to disprove each fundamental tenet of irreligious ideologies and to have the "last word," so as to completely silence the objections raised against religion. He uses the seal of the final Prophet (saas), who attained ultimate wisdom and moral perfection, as a sign of his intention to offer the last word. All of Harun Yahya's works share one single goal: to convey the Qur'an's message, encourage readers to consider basic faith-related issues such as Allah's existence and unity and the Hereafter; and to expose irreligious systems' feeble foundations and perverted ideologies. -
The Bible and Islam
Te Bible and Islam Copyright 2015 by David Cloud Tis edition October 24, 2015 ISBN 978-1-58318-189-8 Published by Way of Life Literature P.O. Box 610368, Port Huron, MI 48061 866-295-4143 (toll free) • [email protected] http://www.wayofife.org Canada: Bethel Baptist Church, 4212 Campbell St. N., London, Ont. N6P 1A6 519-652-2619 Printed in Canada by Bethel Baptist Print Ministry 2 Contents Introduction ..............................................................................4 Islam’s Beginning ......................................................................6 Te Quran ................................................................................12 Allah .........................................................................................19 Islam and Salvation .................................................................24 Islam and the Jews ..................................................................30 Islam and Christianity ............................................................37 Sharia Law ................................................................................40 Jihad and World Conquest ....................................................43 Islam’s History .........................................................................55 Islam and the Slave Trade ......................................................95 Judgment on Apostate Christianity ...................................109 A Judgment on Apostate Israel ...........................................117 Islam’s Fundamental Weakness .........................................122 -
Bauhistorische Untersuchungen Am Almaqah-Heiligtum Von Sirwah Vom
BAUHISTORISCHE UNTERSUCHUNGEN AM ALMAQAH-HEILIGTUM VON SIRWAH VOM KULTPLATZ ZUM HEILIGTUM Von der Fakultät Architektur, Bauingenieurwesen und Stadtplanung der Brandenburgischen Technischen Universität Cottbus zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades Doktor der Ingenieurwissenschaften (Dr.-Ing.) genehmigte Dissertation vorgelegt von Dipl.-Ing. Nicole Röring geboren am 18.01.1972 in Lippstadt Gutachter: Prof. Dr.-Ing. Adolf Hoffmann Gutachter: Prof. Dr.-Ing. Klaus Rheidt Gutachter: Prof. Dr.-Ing. Ernst-Ludwig Schwandner Tag der mündlichen Prüfung: 06.10.2006 Band 1/Text In Erinnerung an meinen Vater Engelbert Röring Zusammenfassung Das Almaqah-Heiligtum von Sirwah befindet sich auf der südarabischen Halbinsel im Nordjemen etwa 80 km östlich der heutigen Hauptstadt Sanaa und ca. 40 km westlich von Marib, der einstigen Hauptstadt des Königreichs von Saba. Das Heiligtum, dessen Blütezeit auf das 7. Jh. v. Chr. zurückgeht, war dem sabäischen Reichsgott Almaqah geweiht. Das Heiligtum wird von einer bis zu 10 m hoch anstehenden und etwa 90 m langen, gekurvten Umfassungsmauer eingefasst. Im Nordwesten der Anlage sind zwei Propyla vorgelagert, die die Haupterschließungsachse bilden. Quer zum Inneren Propylon erstreckt sich entlang der Westseite eine einst überdachte Terrasse mit unterschiedlichen Einbauten. Kern der Gesamtanlage bildet ein Innenhof, der von der Umfassungsmauer mit einem umlaufenden Wehrgang gerahmt wird. Den Innenhof prägen unterschiedliche Einbauten rechteckiger Kubatur sowie insbesondere das große Inschriftenmonument, des frühen sabäischen Herrschers, Mukarrib Karib`il Watar, das eins der wichtigsten historischen Quellen Südwestarabiens darstellt. Die bauforscherische Untersuchung des Almaqah-Heiligtums von Sirwah konnte eine sukzessive Entwicklung eines Kultplatzes zu einem ‘internationalen’ Sakralkomplex nachweisen, die die komplexe Chronologie der Baulichkeiten des Heiligtums und eine damit einhergehende mindestens 1000jährige Nutzungszeit mit insgesamt fünfzehn Entwicklungsphasen belegt, die sich wiederum in fünf große Bauphasen gliedern lassen. -
Who Were the Daughters of Allah?
WHO WERE THE DAUGHTERS OF ALLAH? By DONNA RANDSALU B.A., University of British Columbia,1982. A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS in THE FACULTY OF GRADUATE STUDIES (RELIGIOUS STUDIES) We accept this thesis—as conforming to the required standard THE UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA September 1988 © Donna Kristin Randsalu, 1988 V In presenting this thesis in partial fulfilment of the requirements for an advanced degree at the University of British Columbia, I agree that the Library shall make it freely available for reference and study. I further agree that permission for extensive copying of this thesis for scholarly purposes may be granted by the head of my department or by his or her representatives. It is understood that copying or publication of this thesis for financial gain shall not be allowed without my written permission. Department of £gLlfr/OU^ £TUO>eS> The University of British Columbia 1956 Main Mall Vancouver, Canada V6T 1Y3 Date Per- n} DE-6(3/81) ABSTRACT Who were the Daughters of Allah, the three Arabian goddesses mentioned in the Qur'an and venerated by the pagan Arabs prior to the rise of Islam, and who since have vanished into obscurity? Can we reconstruct information about these goddesses by reference to earlier goddesses of the Near East? It is our intention to explore this possibility through an examination of their predecessors in view of the links between the Fertile Crescent and the Arabian Peninsula. Moving back in time from the seventh century A.D. (Arabia) through the Hellenistic Period (Syro/Phoenicia 300 B.C.-A.D. -
The Lives of Man the World and the Life-To-Come
T H E LIVES O F M A N A S U F I M A S T E R E X P L A I N S T H E H U M A N S T A T E S : B E F O R E L I F E , I N T H E W O R L D , A N D A F T E R D E A T H Imam Abdallah Ibn A la w l Al-H addad T R A N SL A T E D F R O M T H E A R A B I C B Y M O ST A F A A L-BA D A W I F O N S V IT A E Q U ILLIA M PRESS T H E T H IR D LIF E T he Intermediate Realm The third life extends from the time a man leaves the dunya at death until the moment he rises from his grave at the blowing o f the H orn. T his is the Intermediate Realm [Barzakh]. God the Exalted has said: And behind them is a barzakh until the day when they are raised. [23:100] W hen a M uslim dies, and his death is confirmed, he has to be prepared for the grave. T hus he must be washed, shrouded, and prayed over [jandza], all o f which must be done according to the Prophetic Sunna. H is relatives, neigh bours, and friends must be informed, and also the people o f goodness and virtue, so that they m ay pray and ask mercy for him, and attend his funeral. -
Thesoul'sjourneyafterdeath
The Soul's Journey After Death An Abridgement of Ibn AI-Qayyim's Kitabar-Ruh IlAID"-AL-NOOR .- ---, II1ImIc Community of Northern Ca1ifclmJa P.O. Box410186 S8nFrancisco. CA 94141-0186 ..._ - ~ . •..j With Commentary by LAYLA MABROUK ~. ,OJfIU( dOra wili toAU I (Qur'an 2:185) CONTENTS Introduction : 1 From One World to Another! 5 The Meaning and Truth of Death 11 The Bliss of the Interspace between the Two Worlds 15 The Punishment of the Interspace 21 How can a Man save Himself from the Punishment of the Grave before it is too late? 27 What can the Living do to Rescue the Dead Person from Punishment? 31 Glossary 39 INTRODUCTION 'They will ask you about the spirit. Say, "The spirit is at the behest ofyourLord. You have been given only a little knowledge. "'1 'The living go on and the dead do not.' ... Allah! What an extraordinary expression and what an even stranger pos ition to take. When somebodydies, oursorrow and tears, our weeping and mourning soon cease. The funeral rites, the Thursday ceremony and fmally the forty-day ceremony are held and then all is forgotten. We sayto ourselves, 'The living go on and the dead do not,' and put the dead person out of mind on the premise that he is dead and at rest. We forget or pretend to forget that he is in fact in even greater need of us than the living. He faces the future all alone, hidden away in the domain of the earthworms, buried under the earth in a desolate grave. -
Case of Almaqah Temple of Yeha (Ethiopia)
International Journal of Management Volume 11, Issue 10, October 2020, pp. 1528-1536. Article ID: IJM_11_10_139 Available online at http://iaeme.com/Home/issue/IJM?Volume=11&Issue=10 Journal Impact Factor (2020): 10.1471 (Calculated by GISI) www.jifactor.com ISSN Print: 0976-6502 and ISSN Online: 0976-6510 DOI: 10.34218/IJM.11.10.2020.139 © IAEME Publication Scopus Indexed ANCIENT CULTURAL LINKAGE OF ETHIOPIA WITH INDIA: CASE OF ALMAQAH TEMPLE OF YEHA (ETHIOPIA) Dr. Alok Kumar Professor, Jain University, Bangalore, India ABSTRACT This paper is an attempt to highlight ancient cultural linkage of Ethiopia with India and strong resemblances of cultural and religious practices of present orthodox Christian of Ethiopia with Hindus of India. This study also describes the claim of delegation of Indian experts that Yeha temple has been a Hindu (Jain) temple. The study was conducted by personal visit and observation at the excavation site and its museum, discussion with German expert and local community. Findings are based on observation and findings of joint Indian-Ethiopian team from New Delhi and Experts from Mekelle University which visited to study archeologist sites. The previous studies indicated that origin of Yeha civilization was Southern Arabia. The German Archeologist linked it to Sabaean culture. They called the structure as Sabaean Temple. But, the visit of team of Indo-Ethiopian expert to the excavation site disputed their claim. They linked it to Indian temples and found evidence of strong resemblance of present cultural practices of orthodox Christian with Indian Hindus. The inscriptions found at Almaqah temple of Yeha is of Brahmi script. -
Divinités Arabes Préislamiques
Michel MATHIEU-COLAS www.mathieu-colas.fr/michel LES DIVINITÉS ARABES PRÉISLAMIQUES Les divinités préislamiques ont été principalement connues, dans un premier temps, par l’image polémique qu’en donne le Coran. Notre connaissance s’est depuis notablement enrichie, non seulement par la publication d’anciens recueils (tel le Livre des idoles d’Ibn al-Kalbî), mais plus encore par les découvertes archéologiques et épigraphiques. L’exploration de la péninsule arabique s’est particulièrement développée à partir des années 1950. Trois domaines géographiques peuvent être distingués : - L’Arabie centrale, habitat de tribus essentiellement nomades, ce qui n’exclut pas l’existence de quelques villes, à commencer par La Mecque. Les principales divinités sont bien connues : Hubal et la triade féminine (al-Lât, al-Ouzza et Manât). Mais beaucoup d’autres se trouvaient vénérées par une ou plusieurs tribus. Les « idoles » résidaient souvent dans des pierres (le mot bétyle sous lequel on les désigne est la transcription d’une expression sémitique, beth īl, « la maison de dieu »), mais aussi dans des arbres ou d’autres lieux sacrés, délimités par de simples enceintes. - L’Arabie septentrionale est connue par de nombreuses sources épigraphiques (inscriptions lihyanites, thamoudéennes et safaïtiques datant des derniers siècles avant notre ère et des premiers de notre ère). Les Lihyanites et les Thamoudéens habitaient au nord-ouest de l’Arabie, cependant que les Safaïtes évoluaient aux confins du désert syrien (au sud-est de Damas). On peut y ajouter les inscriptions nabatéennes (bien qu’elles soient rédigées en araméen), ainsi que celles provenant de Palmyre (le plus souvent en araméen ou en grec), dont le panthéon témoigne d’influences arabes. -
The Arabs of North Arabia in Later Pre-Islamic Times
The Arabs of North Arabia in later Pre-Islamic Times: Qedar, Nebaioth, and Others A thesis submitted to The University of Manchester for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Faculty of Humanities 2014 Marwan G. Shuaib School of Arts, Languages and Cultures 2 The Contents List of Figures ……………………………………………………………….. 7 Abstract ………………………………………………………………………. 8 Declaration …………………………………………………………………… 9 Copyright Rules ……………………………………………………………… 9 Acknowledgements .….……………………………………………………… 10 General Introduction ……………………………………………………….. 11 Chapter One: Historiography ……………………………………….. 13 1.1 What is the Historian’s Mission? ……………………………………….. 14 1.1.1 History writing ………………………...……....……………….…... 15 1.1.2 Early Egyptian Historiography …………………………………….. 15 1.1.3 Israelite Historiography ……………………………………………. 16 1.1.4 Herodotus and Greek Historiography ……………………………… 17 1.1.5 Classical Medieval Historiography …………………….…………... 18 1.1.6 The Enlightenment and Historiography …………………………… 19 1.1.7 Modern Historiography ……………………………………………. 20 1.1.8 Positivism and Idealism in Nineteenth-Century Historiography…… 21 1.1.9 Problems encountered by the historian in the course of collecting material ……………………………………………………………………… 22 1.1.10 Orientalism and its contribution ………………………………….. 24 1.2 Methodology of study …………………………………………………… 26 1.2.1 The Chronological Framework ……………………………………. 27 1.2.2 Geographical ……………………………………………………….. 27 1.3 Methodological problems in the ancient sources…...………………….. 28 1.3.1 Inscriptions ………………………………………………………… 28 1.3.2 Annals ……………………………………………………………… 30 1.3.3 Biblical sources ...…………………………………………………... 33 a. Inherent ambiguities of the Bible ……………………………… 35 b. Is the Bible history at all? ……………………………………… 35 c. Difficulties in the texts …………………………………………. 36 3 1.4 Nature of the archaeological sources …………………………………... 37 1.4.1 Medieval attitudes to Antiquity ……………………………………. 37 1.4.2 Archaeology during the Renaissance era …………………………... 38 1.4.3 Archaeology and the Enlightenment ………………………………. 39 1.4.4 The nineteenth century and the history of Biblical archaeology……. -
Hobal, Allah Et Ses Filles
HOBAL, ALLAH ET SES FILLES Un petit dictionnaire des 360 dieux de la Jahiliyya Viens me conter fleurette ! me dit-elle. -Non, lui répondis-je ; ni Allah ni l'islam ne te le permettent. N'as-tu pas vu Muhammad et ses gens, lors de la conquête, le jour où les idoles étaient brisées ? On voyait alors resplendir la lumière d’Allah, alors que le polythéisme se couvrait de ténèbres. Radhid ibn Abdallah as Sulami. Autrefois, et durant des siècles, une quantité innombrable et prodigieuse de puissances divines a été vénérée en Arabie1, sans provoquer aucun trouble, sans générer aucune 1 in al Kalbi, Livre des Idoles 27b (ed. W. Atallah, Paris, 1966); R. Klinke-Rosenberger, Das Götzenbuch Kitab al-Aqnam of Ibn al-Kalbi, Leipzig, 1941; F. Stummer, "Bemerkungen zum Götzenbuch des Ibn al-Kalti," Zeitschrift der Deutschen morgenländischen Gesellschaft 98 1944; M. S. Marmadji, "Les dieux du paganisme arabe d'après Ibn al-Kalbi," RB 35 1926; H. S. Nyberg, “Bemerkungen Zum "Buch der Götzenbilder" von Ibn al-Kalbi”, in APARMA, Mel. Martin P. Nilsson, Lund, 1939; A. Jepsen, "Ibn al-Kalbis Buch der Götzenbilder. Aufbau und Bedeutung," Theo Litera-tur-Zeitung, 72, 1947 ; F. Zayadine, "The Pantheon of the Nabataean Inscriptions in Egypt and the Sinai", ARAM 2, 1990, Mitchell J. Dahood, “Ancient Semitic Deities in Syria and Palestine”, in Sabatino Moscati, ed., Le Antiche Divinità Semitiche, Roma, 1958; F. Zayadine, “Les dieux nabatéens” , Les Dossiers d'Archéologie 163/1991 ;J. F. Healey, The Religion Of Nabataeans: A Conspectus, Leiden 2001;Estelle Villeneuve, “Les grands dieux de la Syrie ancienne”, Les religions de la Syrie antique , Le Monde de la Bible , 149/2003 ; Maurice Sartre “Panthéons de la Syrie hellénistique”, Les religions de la Syrie 1 catastrophe, tant pour l’Arabie que pour les régions voisines et pour le reste de l'humanité. -
Dictionary of Islamic Architecture
DICTIONARY OF ISLAMIC ARCHITECTURE DICTIONARY OF ISLAMIC ARCHITECTURE Andrew Petersen London and New York First published 1996 by Routledge 11 New Fetter Lane, London EC4P 4EE This edition published in the Taylor & Francis e-Library, 2002. Simultaneously published in the USA and Canada by Routledge 29 West 35th Street, New York, NY 10001 First published in paperback 1999 © 1996 Andrew Petersen All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilized in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers. British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the Library of Congress ISBN 0-415-06084-2 (hbk) ISBN 0-415-21332-0 (pbk) ISBN 0-203-20387-9 Master e-book ISBN ISBN 0-203-20390-9 (Glassbook Format) Contents Preface vii Acknowledgements ix Entries 1 Appendix The Mediterranean World showing principal historic cities and sites 320 The Middle East and Central Asia showing principal historic cities and sites 321 Dedication This book is dedicated to my friend Jamie Cameron (1962–95) historian of James V of Scotland. Preface In one of the quarters of the city is the Muhammadan town, where the Muslims have their cathedral, mosque, hospice and bazar. They have also a qadi and a shaykh, for in every one of the cities of China there must always be a shaykh al- Islam, to whom all matters concerning Muslims are referred.