Just Staten out on the Island (Pre-NFL)
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Valuation of NFL Franchises
Valuation of NFL Franchises Author: Sam Hill Advisor: Connel Fullenkamp Acknowledgement: Samuel Veraldi Honors thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for Graduation with Distinction in Economics in Trinity College of Duke University Duke University Durham, North Carolina April 2010 1 Abstract This thesis will focus on the valuation of American professional sports teams, specifically teams in the National Football League (NFL). Its first goal is to analyze the growth rates in the prices paid for NFL teams throughout the history of the league. Second, it will analyze the determinants of franchise value, as represented by transactions involving NFL teams, using a simple ordinary-least-squares regression. It also creates a substantial data set that can provide a basis for future research. 2 Introduction This thesis will focus on the valuation of American professional sports teams, specifically teams in the National Football League (NFL). The finances of the NFL are unparalleled in all of professional sports. According to popular annual rankings published by Forbes Magazine (http://www.Forbes.com/2009/01/13/nfl-cowboys-yankees-biz-media- cx_tvr_0113values.html), NFL teams account for six of the world’s ten most valuable sports franchises, and the NFL is the only league in the world with an average team enterprise value of over $1 billion. In 2008, the combined revenue of the league’s 32 teams was approximately $7.6 billion, the majority of which came from the league’s television deals. Its other primary revenue sources include ticket sales, merchandise sales, and corporate sponsorships. The NFL is also known as the most popular professional sports league in the United States, and it has been at the forefront of innovation in the business of sports. -
Nagurski's Debut and Rockne's Lesson
THE COFFIN CORNER: Vol. 20, No. 3 (1998) NAGURSKI’S DEBUT AND ROCKNE’S LESSON Pro Football in 1930 By Bob Carroll For years it was said that George Halas and Dutch Sternaman, the Chicago Bears’ co-owners and co- coaches, always took opposite sides in every minor argument at league meetings but presented a united front whenever anything major was on the table. But, by 1929, their bickering had spread from league politics to how their own team was to be directed. The absence of a united front between its leaders split the team. The result was the worst year in the Bears’ short history -- 4-9-2, underscored by a humiliating 40-6 loss to the crosstown Cardinals. A change was necessary. Neither Halas nor Sternaman was willing to let the other take charge, and so, in the best tradition of Solomon, they resolved their differences by agreeing that neither would coach the team. In effect, they fired themselves, vowing to attend to their front office knitting. A few years later, Sternaman would sell his interest to Halas and leave pro football for good. Halas would go on and on. Halas and Sternaman chose Ralph Jones, the head man at Lake Forest (IL) Academy, as the Bears’ new coach. Jones had faith in the T-formation, the attack mode the Bears had used since they began as the Decatur Staleys. While other pro teams lined up in more modern formations like the single wing, double wing, or Notre Dame box, the Bears under Jones continued to use their basic T. -
Milwaukee's Bid for a 2Nd NFL Franchise
THE COFFIN CORNER: Vol. 14, No. 5 (1992) Requiem for the Nighthawks Milwaukee’s bid for a 2nd NFL franchise lays an egg in 1930 By Bob GIll As the NFL moved into its second decade, commissioner Joe Carr’s long-range plans for the league were beginning to take shape. In the latter part of the 1920s, most of the league’s small-town teams had dropped out, replaced by teams from bigger cities. Gone were the likes of Hammond, Kenosha, Evansville, Pottsville, Dayton, and even Canton. Instead, newer teams in New York and Philadelphia (Frankford) had staked out potentially more lucrative territory – though in the latter case, the Frankford Yellowjackets didn’t survive the curse of the Depression. Only three “small towns” were left: Staten Island, Portsmouth and Green Bay. Of the three, Staten Island had the best prospects for long-term success, able to draw from New York’s huge population base. Doopite that advantage, the Stapletons dropped out of the league after the 1932 season. Portsmouth was probably the worst bet; the Spartans admitted defeat in 1934 when they moved to Detroit. Somewhere in between was Green Bay. The Packers’ population base wasn’t much different from Portsmouth’s, but the team had established a following since joining the NFL in 1921, and winning the title in 1929 hadn’t hurt, either. Still, Carr couldn’t have had very high hopes for the team, considering the economic climate and the poor track record of teams from much bigger towns. Partly for these reasons, Carr had always looked favorably on the idea of putting a team in Milwaukee, which would provide a natural rival for the Packers. -
Statistical Leaders of the ‘20S
THE COFFIN CORNER: Vol. 14, No. 2 (1992) Statistical Leaders of the ‘20s By Bob GIll Probably the most ambitious undertaking in football research was David Neft’s effort to re-create statistics from contemporary newspaper accounts for 1920-31, the years before the NFL started to keep its own records. Though in a sense the attempt had to fail, since complete and official stats are impossible, the results of his tireless work provide the best picture yet of the NFL’s formative years. Since the stats Neft obtained are far from complete, except for scoring records, he refrained from printing yearly leaders for 1920-31. But it seems a shame not to have such a list, incomplete though it may be. Of course, it’s tough to pinpoint a single leader each year; so what follows is my tabulation of the top five, or thereabouts, in passing, rushing and receiving for each season, based on the best information available – the stats printed in Pro Football: The Early Years and Neft’s new hardback edition, The Football Encyclopedia. These stats can be misleading, because one man’s yardage total will be based on, say, five complete games and four incomplete, while another’s might cover just 10 incomplete games (i.e., games for which no play-by-play accounts were found). And then some teams, like Rock Island, Green Bay, Pottsville and Staten Island, often have complete stats, based on play-by-plays for every game of a season. I’ll try to mention variations like that in discussing each year’s leaders – for one thing, “complete” totals will be printed in boldface. -
Dodgers and Giants Move to the West: Causes and Effects an Honors Thesis (HONRS 499) by Nick Tabacca Dr. Tony Edmonds Ball State
Dodgers and Giants Move to the West: Causes and Effects An Honors Thesis (HONRS 499) By Nick Tabacca Dr. Tony Edmonds Ball State University Muncie, Indiana May 2004 May 8, 2004 Abstract The history of baseball in the United States during the twentieth century in many ways mirrors the history of our nation in general. When the Brooklyn Dodgers and New York Giants left New York for California in 1957, it had very interesting repercussions for New York. The vacancy left by these two storied baseball franchises only spurred on the reason why they left. Urban decay and an exodus of middle class baseball fans from the city, along with the increasing popularity of television, were the underlying causes of the Giants' and Dodgers' departure. In the end, especially in the case of Brooklyn, which was very attached to its team, these processes of urban decay and exodus were only sped up when professional baseball was no longer a uniting force in a very diverse area. New York's urban demographic could no longer support three baseball teams, and California was an excellent option for the Dodger and Giant owners. It offered large cities that were hungry for major league baseball, so hungry that they would meet the requirements that Giants' and Dodgers' owners Horace Stoneham and Walter O'Malley had asked for in New York. These included condemnation of land for new stadium sites and some city government subsidization for the Giants in actually building the stadium. Overall, this research shows the very real impact that sports has on its city and the impact a city has on its sports. -
The History of the Ohio High School
The All-American Conference 1963-1978 The All-American Conference was the premier Ohio league during its existence. Massillon, Niles McKinley, Canton McKinley, and Warren Harding joined in 1963, with Steubenville in 1966, and Alliance in 1969. In 1979 the conference disbanded, primarily because of the dominance of Massillon. In the 16 years the league existed, Massillon won or tied for Champions 10 times, second 3 times, third 1 time, and fourth 2 times. 1963 – Massillon 2-0-0 1st 1971 – Massillon 3-2-0 3rd 1964 – Massillon 3-0-0 1st 1972 – Massillon 5-0-0 1st 1965 – Massillon 3-0-0 1st 1973 – Massillon 4-1-0 T 1st 1966 – Massillon 1-3-0 T-4th 1974 – Massillon 3-2-0 2nd 1967 – Massillon 4-0-0 1st 1975 – Massillon 3-2-0 2nd 1968 – Massillon 3-2-0 2nd 1976 – Massillon 5-0-0 1st 1969 – Massillon 2-2-1 4th 1977 – Massillon 4-1-0 T 1st 1970 – Massillon 5-0-0 1st 1978 – Massillon 4-0-1 1st The following is a Master’s Thesis by James Rubin (owner of Howards Tiger Rags) written in 1973. This is a partial history of the Conference. THE HISTORY OF THE OHIO HIGH SCHOOL ALL-AMERICAN FOOTBALL CONFERENCE 1963 - 1972 A Problem Presented to The College of Education of The University of Akron In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Arts James Rubin June, 1973 TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER PAGE I. THE PROBLEM AND DEFINITIONS OF TERMS USED ..............................................1 The Problem .........................................................................................................................4 Statement -
1920 Akron Pros Ken Crippen
Building a Champion: 1920 Akron Pros Ken Crippen BUILDING A CHAMPION: 1920 AKRON PROS By Ken Crippen It’s time to dig deep into the archives to talk about the first National Football League (NFL) champion. In fact, the 1920 Akron Pros were champions before the NFL was called the NFL. In 1920, the American Professional Football Association was formed and started play. Currently, fourteen teams are included in the league standings, but it is unclear as to how many were official members of the Association. Different from today’s game, the champion was not determined on the field, but during a vote at a league meeting. Championship games did not start until 1932. Also, there were no set schedules. Teams could extend their season in order to try and gain wins to influence voting the following spring. These late-season games were usually against lesser opponents in order to pad their win totals. To discuss the Akron Pros, we must first travel back to the century’s first decade. Starting in 1908 as the semi-pro Akron Indians, the team immediately took the city championship and stayed as consistently one of the best teams in the area. In 1912, “Peggy” Parratt was brought in to coach the team. George Watson “Peggy” Parratt was a three-time All-Ohio football player for Case Western University. While in college, he played professionally for the 1905 Shelby Blues under the name “Jimmy Murphy,” in order to preserve his amateur status. It only lasted a few weeks until local reporters discovered that it was Parratt on the field for the Blues. -
Lafayette Football 1913-1925 1913 (4-5-1) 1919 (6-2) 11/15 Alfred
tHe tRaDItIon 2011 lafayette football 99 tRaDItIon of excellence mIlestone football WIns lafayette Ranks 36tH In Since fielding its first college football team in the fall of 1882, all-tIme WIns Lafayette has had a proud, colorful gridiron tradition on the way to Lafayette College fielded its first football team in 1882 and won a total of 633 victories. Football followers on College Hill have been its first game in the fourth contest of the following season, beating able to lay claim to two outright national championships and a share Rutgers, 25-0. Since that win, the Leopards have joined the elite of still another. In 1896, Lafayette and Princeton both claimed a piece group of institutions with 600 or more football victories. Lafayette of the national championship following a scoreless tie. The Leopards played its 1,000th football game on Sept. 16, 1989, and was the first finished the season 11-0-1 while the Tigers were 10-0-1. Undefeated founding Patriot League school to eclipse the 500-victory plateau. 9-0 records in 1921 and 1926 gave Lafayette followers reason to believe they were number one in the country both seasons. Rank School NCAA Division # of Wins 1. Michigan FBS 884 Victory # Year Opponent (Score) 2. Yale FCS 864 1 1883 Rutgers (25-0) 3. Texas FBS 850 58 1896 Princeton (0-0) 4. Notre Dame FBS 844 (tied for national championship) 5. Nebraska FBS 837 100 1900 Dickinson (10-6) 6. Ohio State FBS 830 7. Alabama FBS 823 200 1915 Pennsylvania (17-0) 8. Penn State FBS 818 231 1921 Lehigh (28-6) 9. -
The Staten Island Stapletons
THE COFFIN CORNER: Vol. 7, No. 6 (1985) THE STATEN ISLAND STAPLETONS By John Hogrogian Special thanks to N.F.L. Properties, Inc. for permission to publish this article. Trollies rolled down Broadway and Calvin Coolidge was president when the NFL came to New York City in 1925. In the years since Tim Mara founded the Giants, NFL teams have made their home in each of the City's five boroughs. The Giants played in the Polo Grounds in upper Manhattan through 1955, then moved to Yankee Stadium in the Bronx through 1973. The Brooklyn Dodgers football team thrived in Ebbets Field during the 1930s and 1940s. The Jets made their home in Shea Stadium in Queens from 1964 until recently. And, in the sleepiest of the boroughs, the Staten Island Stapletons played NFL ball from 1929 through 1932. The Stapes struggled through life on a shoestring, but helped keep the NFL afloat as it fought for life in the Depression. The Stapes started out in 1915, five years before the NFL was born in the midwest. Dan Blaine, a good halfback and a native of the working-class neighborhood known as Stapleton, along with three other players formed the team to play other semi-pro squads from New York and New Jersey. The Stapes played more for fun than money. Just as well: crowds were small; salaries averaged $10 per game. Nevertheless, they managed to do well, winning several local semi-pro titles before World War I. After military service, Blaine took over sole ownership in 1919. Blaine himself prospered in the 1920s. -
Information to Users
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NFL 1926 in Theory & Practice
THE COFFIN CORNER: Vol. 24, No. 3 (2002) One division, no playoffs, no championship game. Was there ANY organization to pro football before 1933? Forget the official history for a moment, put on your leather thinking cap, and consider the possibilities of NFL 1926 in Theory and Practice By Mark L. Ford 1926 and 2001 The year 1926 makes an interesting study. For one thing, it was 75 years earlier than the just completed season. More importantly, 1926, like 2001, saw thirty-one pro football teams in competition. The NFL had a record 22 clubs, and Red Grange’s manager had organized the new 9 team American Football League. Besides the Chicago Bears, Green Bay Packers and New York Giants, and the Cardinals (who would not move from Chicago until 1959), there were other team names that would be familiar today – Buccaneers (Los Angeles), Lions (Brooklyn), Cowboys (Kansas City) and Panthers (Detroit). The AFL created rivals in major cities, with American League Yankees to match the National League Giants, a pre-NBA Chicago Bulls to match the Bears, Philadelphia Quakers against the Philly-suburb Frankford Yellowjackets, a Brooklyn rival formed around the two of the Four Horsemen turned pro, and another “Los Angeles” team. The official summary of 1926 might look chaotic and unorganized – 22 teams grouped in one division in a hodgepodge of large cities and small towns, and is summarized as “Frankford, Chicago Bears, Pottsville, Kansas City, Green Bay, Los Angeles, New York, Duluth, Buffalo, Chicago Cardinals, Providence, Detroit, Hartford, Brooklyn, Milwaukee, Akron, Dayton, Racine, Columbus, Canton, Hammond, Louisville”. -
National Pastime a REVIEW of BASEBALL HISTORY
THE National Pastime A REVIEW OF BASEBALL HISTORY CONTENTS The Chicago Cubs' College of Coaches Richard J. Puerzer ................. 3 Dizzy Dean, Brownie for a Day Ronnie Joyner. .................. .. 18 The '62 Mets Keith Olbermann ................ .. 23 Professional Baseball and Football Brian McKenna. ................ •.. 26 Wallace Goldsmith, Sports Cartoonist '.' . Ed Brackett ..................... .. 33 About the Boston Pilgrims Bill Nowlin. ..................... .. 40 Danny Gardella and the Reserve Clause David Mandell, ,................. .. 41 Bringing Home the Bacon Jacob Pomrenke ................. .. 45 "Why, They'll Bet on a Foul Ball" Warren Corbett. ................. .. 54 Clemente's Entry into Organized Baseball Stew Thornley. ................. 61 The Winning Team Rob Edelman. ................... .. 72 Fascinating Aspects About Detroit Tiger Uniform Numbers Herm Krabbenhoft. .............. .. 77 Crossing Red River: Spring Training in Texas Frank Jackson ................... .. 85 The Windowbreakers: The 1947 Giants Steve Treder. .................... .. 92 Marathon Men: Rube and Cy Go the Distance Dan O'Brien .................... .. 95 I'm a Faster Man Than You Are, Heinie Zim Richard A. Smiley. ............... .. 97 Twilight at Ebbets Field Rory Costello 104 Was Roy Cullenbine a Better Batter than Joe DiMaggio? Walter Dunn Tucker 110 The 1945 All-Star Game Bill Nowlin 111 The First Unknown Soldier Bob Bailey 115 This Is Your Sport on Cocaine Steve Beitler 119 Sound BITES Darryl Brock 123 Death in the Ohio State League Craig