1950 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 2069
NATIONAL LABOR RELATIONS BOARD EXTENSION OF REMARKS the world. Within the Middle East lies Paul L. Styles, of Alabama, to be a member Mr. PRICE asked and was given per the bridgehead to three continents. To of the National Labor Relations Board for day; the Middle East finds itself caught the term expiring December 16, 1954. mission to extend his remarks in the REC ORD and include an editorial appearing physically in the middle of the ideological PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE in the morning Post. war between the east and west and if a PROMOTIONS IN THE REGULAR CORPS Mr. LANE asked and was given per shooting war comes, the importance of Senior surgeon (equivalent to the Army rank mission to extend his remarks in the REC the Middle East to the United States is of lieutenant colonel) ORD in three instances; to include in one immeasurably increased. Daniel J. Daley an address delivered by Commander No military authority claims we could Surgeons (equivalent to the Army rank of Henry Selvitella, of the Italian-Ameri hold Europe against an onslaught of the major) can World War Veterans; in one, the Red army, Since Russia has the atomic Richard H. Linn Wayland J. Hayes, Jr. legislative program of tne same organi bomb, it would be unsound indeed for us David D. LeGrand Clarke W. Mangun, Jr. zation; and in one, an address he deliv to count on bases in England. Seni or dental surgeon (equivalent to the ered before the Lithuanian Citizens Club Until our Air Force is developed with Army rank of lieutenant colonel) of Lawrence, Mass. sufficient range to base in America, to Donald J. Gala.gan Mr. PATTEN asked and was given per win the battle of the air over Russia the United States will need overseas bases. Sanitary engineers (equivalent to the Army mission to extend his remarks in the rank of major) RECORD and include a resolution adopted The Middle East offers bases which could by the American Legion. be held by our Ground and Naval Forces O. John Schmidt Joseph A. Boyer and from which we could win the initial Kenneth C. Lauster Ross W. Buck Mr. QUINN asked and was given per mission to extend his remarks in the round in the battle of the air against the Pharmacist (equivalent to the Army rank of Red air forces. major) RECORD and include a letter to the Sec retary of State regarding Robert A. Voge It is my view that Egypt is as far Joseph P. Crisalli ler, Jr. north and east as we could· hold bases Senior nurse officer (equivalent to the Army Mr. GORSKI asked and was given per with reasonable assurance. Doubtless rank of lieutenant colonel) mission to extend his remarks in the Russia realizes this fact and one of her L. Dorothy Carroll RECORD. initial moves in the event of war would Senior assistant nurse officer (equivalent to Mr. SMITH of Wisconsin asked and be to occupy Egypt by an air-borne Red the Army rank of captain) was given permission to extend his re army. Realizing her plight, Egypt is Norma Russell marks in the RECORD and include a reso desperate for defensive military equip UNITED STATES DISTRICT JUDGES lution and certain miscellaneous ex ment. It iS' vital to the United States George W. Whitehurst, to be United States cerpts. in the event of war that the Red air district judge for the northern and southern Mr. DOLLIVER asked and was given borne army not be permitted to deny districts of Florida. permission to extend his remarks in the us bases in Egypt. I am reliably ad Frank A. Hooper, to be United States dis RECORD and include a resolution adopted vised that Great Britain, sensing the trict judge for the northern district of by the Republicans of Wright County, strategic value of Egypt, is willing to give Georgia, Iowa. Egypt considerable defensive military equipment which she obtained from us PERMISSION TO ADDRESS THE HOUSE through lend-lease. By the terms of Mrs. BOLTON of Ohio. Mr. Speaker, lend-lease, however, England must secure HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES I ask unanimous consent to address the our permission before releasing this de House for 1 minute, to revise and extend fensive military equipment. I am reli TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 21, 1950 my remarks, and include a letter. ably advised further that a desperate The SPEAKER. Is there objection to attempt is being · made by a pressure The House met at 12 o'clock noon. the request of the· gentlewoman from group in the United States to prevent The Chaplain, Rev. Bernard Bras Ohio? this essential military equipment being kamp, D. D., offered the fallowing prayer: There was no objection. given to Egypt. This pressure group has O Thou God of all goodness, we are [Mrs. BOLTON of Ohio addressed the hired a former secretary to the Presi again uniting our souls in the fellowship House. Her remarks appear in the Ap dent, Mr. Clark Clifford, to intervene with of prayer, seeking together those needed pendix.] the President and his initial fee is re blessings which none can ever find or en EXTENSION OF REMARKS puted to be $30,000. Doubtless he wilt joy alone. receive much more if he is successful in Mr. BEALL asked and was given per blocking the proposal. We pray that daily our lives may be mission to extend his remarks in the brought under the spell and sway of the I submit to my colleagues in Congres:.; RECORD and include an editorial from the . and to the American people that it ii:; Master's spirit in order that they may be Hagerstown Herald. transfarmed into His own glorious like to the interest of the United States that Mrs. ST. GEORGE asked and was given we grant permission to Great Britain to ness. permission to extend her remarks in the Grant that in our problems and tasks extend this military assistance to Egypt. RECORD and include an editorial from the It would be to our interest also to see we may have the interpreting and guid Middletown Times-Herald, a daily news ing light of His Spirit. tha~ Egypt is provided essential military paper in her district. equipment for _a small defensive force, May it be the supreme desire of our Mr. MEYER asked and was given per capable of meetmg an air-borne invasion hearts to do Thy will for in the doing of mission to extend his remarks in the of the Red army. There is no evidence Thy will is our peace. RECORD and include an editorial. that Egypt would use this equipment of To Thy name we ascribe the praise. Mr. HAGEN asked and was given per fensively. She has accepted the verdict Amen. mission to extend his remarks in the of the United Nations in the Middle East The Journal of the proceedings of yes RECORD in two instances and include ex and is living up to the verdict in spirit terday was read and approved. traneous matter. and in fact. MESSAGE FROM THE PRESIDENT ·MILITAJ;?.Y ASSISTANCE TO EGYPT If war comes it could b2 that the denial of Egyptian bases to the Red forces and· A message in writing from the Presi l\fr. VAN ZANDT. Mr. Speaker, I ask the making of these bases available to us dent of the United States was commu unanimous consent to address the House might be the difference between def eat nicated to the House by Mr. Miller, one for 1 minute and to revise and extend my and victory. We cannot afford to let of his secretaries, who also informed the remarks. Egypt go by default and I urge the Presi· House that on the. following date the The SPEAKER. Is there objection to dent of the United States to authorize President approved and signed a bill of the request of the gentleman from military assistance to this friendly, free the House of the fallowing title: Pennsylvania? dom-loving country-Egypt. There was no objection. On February 14, 1950: SURPLUS POTATOES FOR FOOD H . R. 587. An act for the relief of the estate Mr. VAN ZANDT. Mr. Speaker, from of Dick Walook, Alfred L. Woods, arid Edward the beginning of history the Middle Mr. HESELTON. Mr. Speaker, I ask Kimokteak. East has been the most strategic area in :unanimous consent to address the House 2070 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE FEBRUARY 21 - f-Or 1 minute and to revise and extend New Jersey: James _S. King, State agency for surplus commodities (potatoes) supervisor, commodity di~tribution, de in the town of Greenfield. my remarks. It is understood that there will be no The SPEAKER. Is there objection to partment of economic development, di expense connected with the procuring of - the request of the g-entleman from Mas vision of commerce and municipal aid, these potatoes at the source, and it will not sachusetts? 520 East State Street, Trenton, N. J. be necessary to sign any contract govern There was no objection. New York: Distribution in New York ing this distribution, and the source will be Mr. HESELTON. Mr. Speaker, I am is handled through each of the county in the immediate vicinity of the town of delighted to report that I was informed departments of public welfare. Each · Greenfield, such as Deerfield, Sunderland, or about a half hour ago that the Green county has its own set-up. State pro Whately. This is in accordance with my conversation over the phone with Repre field authorities have received authoriza vides no distribution agency at a central sentative JOHN HESELTON and his under tion from the Massachusetts Department point. standing with you. These potatoes will be of Public Welfare to order 5 tons of sur Pennsylvania: Paul Worcester, Penn distributed in accordance with the schedule plus potatoes from storage in the imme sylvania State Department of Property established, limiting the quantity to a 3- diate vicinity of Greenfield; that the Sal and Supplies, bureau of purchases, room month supply, based on this schedule. vation Army plans to pick up these pota 178, Main Capitol Building, Harrisburg, Very truly yours, toes on Thursday-tomorrow being a BOARD OF PUBLIC WELFARE, Pa. WILLIAM B. HAYES, Secretary. legal holiday in Massachusetts; and This official in each State has full au that they will then be available for dis thority ta issue authorization for the SURPLUS POTATOES tribution to the needy people of Green withdrawal of the required number of Mr. HUGH D. SCOTT, JR. Mr. field for food. potatoes, once the local board of public Speaker, I ask unanimous consent to I attempted to report yesterday in welfare has voted to accept the respon address the House for 1 minute, and some detail as to the steps which were sibility for the proper storage and proper to revise and extend my remarks. necessary to bring about this result. I distribution of these potatoes. I shall in The SPEAKER. Is there objection to promised to put this in concise form for clude at the end of my remarks the letter the request of the gentleman from Penn- the use of my colleagues in assisting their sent by the Greenfield board which re sylvania? · communities which may wish to receive sulted in immediate authorization. It is There was no objection. some of these potatoes. I do that now. not necessary to execute the Form FP-53, Mr. HUGH D. SCOTT, JR. Mr. You will find the full Greenfield expe the contents of which I inserted in the Speaker, I commend the gentleman from rience in the RECORD for February 20, but RECORD yesterday. Massachusetts [Mr. HESELTON] on hav I am confident that with their experience I trust this information will be useful ing obtained results so satisfactory for a great deal of red tape can be eliminated to my colleagues. I shall be glad to fur his district. I had the pleasure of join and a great deal of direct action is nish any further information requested. ing in a letter from him, from the gentle possible. Any community must conduct a sur I should repeat that I have raised the · man from New York [Mr. KEATING], and vey through responsible agencies. In question of the adequacy of the minimum from the gentleman from Pennsylvania · Greenfield this was done by the ent_ire quantities provided in the Department's [Mr. CORBETT], to the chairman of the clergy of the town with the council of table which I inserted in the RECORD yes House Committee on Agriculture on Feb social agencies. The report of the num terday and I hope soon to have a realistic ruary 20, in which we asked for action ber of needy families should be sub recognition of the amount any normal on the identical bills introduced by each mitted to the local board of public wel American family can properly use as food of us and referred to his committee. The fare, be approved by it, and forwarded during a month. I can state that Mr. letter is as follows: to·the responsible State official. I have Stalker has met that situation temporar FEBRUARY 20, 1950. obtained a list for the New England and ily by authorizing the immediate delivery Re H. R. 7135, H. R. 7136, H. R. 7137, H. R. North Atlantic Seaboard States. They of a 3 months' supply and I have re- 7138. are: • quested him to provide the revised Hon. HAROLD D. CooLEY, Connecticut: E. C. Geissler, supervisor amount as soon as possible since I un Chairman, Committee on Agriculture, of purchases, department of finance and derstand that the area office in New York, House Office Building, Washington, control, purchasing department, State located at 139 Centre Street, eighth floor. D. C. Capitol Building, room 408, Hartford, New York 13, N. Y., Mr. John Dittrich DEAR MR. CHAIRMAN: May we call your at has full authority to immediately ap tention to these identical bills filed in the Conn. House February 2, 1950, and referred to the Maine: John E. Collins, supervisor, prove a State-recommended revision. Committee on Agriculture. surplus commodities and property, de May I again point out that this pro Because of the urgent nature of the prob partment of education, Statehouse, cedttre will probably be useful only in lem presented in terms of the proposed de Augusta, Maine. those communities located within area struction of edible surplus potatoes, some Massachusetts: John C. Stalker, direc sonable distance of · storage locations. of this destruction we understand having This admittedly is inequitable so far as .. been carried out, we request your full co tor, food distribution division, depart operation in setting these b1lls down for ment of public welfare, 600 Washington other communities are concerned. The only solution which occurs to me is a hearing at the earliest possible date. We Street, Boston, Mass. believe the full facts should be developed as New Hampshire: Harold Theney, pur prompt hearing on the identical bills in quickly as possible so that this destruction chasing agent for State of New Hamp troduced by the gentleman from Penn may be avoided and this particular commod shire, Statehouse, Concord, N. H. sylvania [Mr. Co~BETT], the, gentleman ity made available for food. We are confi Rhode Island: George E. Helliwell, from New York [Mr. KEATING], the gen dent that you and all members of the com tleman from Pennsylvania [Mr. HUGH D. mitt~e recognize the emergency nature of deputy commissioner, State of Rhode the problem, and we hope that you will be Island General Store, Howard, R. I. ScoTT, JR.], and myself. You will find the text of those identical bills at page liev-e that we have tried to make a construc Vermont: Burton N. Sisco, deputy tive suggestion in the interest of the Ameri commissioner, department of institutions 2000 in the RECORD of February 20. You can taxpayer and in the interest of those and corrections, 51 Court Street, Mont will also find a letter which we sent to the millions of Americans who, unfortunately, pelier, Vt. chairman of the House Committee on are not able to purchase this fine food com Delaware-two agencies: A. Taru Agriculture yesterday, asking for a modity in the open market. prompt hearing. We shall appreciate We are informed that the latest figures mianz, assistant business manager, Dela show 2,715,751 persons receiving old-age pen- . ware State Hospital, Farnhurst, Del. your cooperation in urging that hearing. The letter sent by the Greenfield sions, 1,486,404 receiving dependents• and Schools: George R. Miller, Jr., State su children's benefits, 92,000 blind people re perintendent, department of public in board which resulted in immediate au ceiving help, and 543,000 on the State and struction, box 191, Dover, Del thorization read as follows: local relief rolls. With this total minimum Maryland-two agencies: J.M. Patter FEBR't!ARY 18, 1950. figure of 4,837,155 people ·who could make use son, director, Maryland State Depart Mr. JOHN C. STALKER, of these potatoes if they could be given to Director of Commodity Distribution, them, there are many thousands more who ment of Public Welfare, 120 West Red Boston, Mass. clearly are not able to pay the current price wood Street, Baltimore, Md. Schools: DEAR MR. STALKER: At a meeting of the of potatoes and therefore are not purchasing T. G. Pullen, superintendent, Maryland welfare board of the town of Greenfield on them. · State Board of Education, 1201 Mathison the above date, it has -been agreed that we According to the Commodity Credit Cor Build.ing, Baltimore, Md. will act as . the storing and distributing poration, as of December 31, 1949,. it held '1950 'CONGRESSIONAL 'RECORD-HOUSE 207f - approximately 277,480 tons of 10 surplus food consume about an hour. Therefore, Mr. in the gallery. A number of people who commodities which can be eaten without Speaker, I ask unanimous consent that have been sent here at the suggestion further processing. The Corporation's offi when the House adjourns today it ad of General MacArthur in order that they cial report shows that the total cost was approximately $265,000,000. We hope we journ to ·meet at 11 o'clock tomorrow. might see at first hand the operations of have made a suggestion which can be uti Mr. RANKIN and Mr. HERLONG ob democracy. It was my privilege to be in lized to get this food to deserving people jected. Japan in November with a group from rather than to pay additional · amounts for Mr .. KEATING. Mr. Speaker, a par the Committee on Public Lands. We storage and ultimately hire more people and liamentary inquiry. were entertained in the Japanese Diet. pay further amounts to destroy this food. The SPEAKER. The gentleman will The Speaker or President of the Japanese Respectfully yours, state it. , L')wer House met with our committee ROBERT J. CORBETT, Mr. KEATING. Mr. Speaker, would and expressed the thought of the Japa Thirteenth District, Pennsylvania. nese people that amity would continue KENNETH B. KEATING, it be in order to move that when the Fortieth District, New York. House adjourns today it adjourn to meet between our two countries. JOHN W. HESELTON, at 11 o'clock tomorrow? - The Japanese are a hard-working, in First District, Massachusetts. The SPEAKER. That is not a privi dustrious people. They have changed HUGH D. SCOTT, Jr. leged motion. their way, their concept of government. Sixth District, Pennsylvania. They seek a true form of democracy for PERMISSION TO ADDRESS THE HOUSE Japan. I am happy to call your atten Mr. Speaker, I hope the committee will Mr. RANKIN. Mr .. Speaker, I ask tion to the fact that they are here and set an early date for hearing on these unanimous consent to address the House that the future of this country rests in · bills. for 1 minute and revise and extend my the Pacific Basin. Just as what was LENTEN SERVICES remarks. once an enemy at the beginning of the Mr. HAGEN. Mr. Speaker, I ask The SPEAKER. Is there objection to century and became a staunch ally in unanimous consent to address the House the request of the gentleman from World Wars I and II as . the result of for 1 minute. Mississippi? American tutelage, so· the potentialities The SPEAKER. Is there objection to There was no objection. of the Japanese people under democracy the request of the gentleman from Min [Mr. RANKIN addressed the House. , to aline themselves with this country nesota? His remarks appear in the Appendix.] against communism means the front .There was no objection. FEPC LEGISLATION line of our defense against that form of Mr. HAGEN. Mr. Speaker, the prob political enslavement is strengthened Mr. BIEMILLER. Mr. Speaker, I aslc arid extended. ~ lems of this hour illustrate .very clearly unanimous consent to address the House the need of us all to deepen and strength Mr. YATES. Mr. Speaker, will the for 1 minute and revise and extend my gentleman yield? en the spiritual foundations of our na- remarks. tional life. · Mr. MILLER of California. I yield. As has been done in previous years, The SPEAKER. Is there objection Mr. YATES. I should like to com there will be a daily 20:.minute Lenten to the request of the gentleman from - mend the gentleman for his statement Wis·consin? and to say that I subscribe entirely to service for the Capitol Hill community There was no objection. in the Lutheran Church of the Reforma the sentiments he has expressed. The tion, opposite the Folger Shakespeare Mr. BIEMILLER. Mr. Speaker, from difficul':ies in which his State found it Library. This is· within quick walking time to time Members on the floor of the self at the beginning of the war has distance of the House and Senate· Office House make reference to the great lead probably been my particular gain. I Buildings and the Capitol. This service ers of American history. I too have.done come from Chicago, and we have one of is held each weekday from 12: 10 to 12: 30 so. Today I simply want to again remind the largest colonies of nisei anywhere except Saturdays. The service will be the House that the founding fathers of in the country. They are upright, in addressed by ministers of the various this country, particularly Washington dustrious, hard-working citizens and are Protestant denominations of the Wash and Jefferson, believed passionately in doing much for the benefit of the city ington area. Everyone will be welcome. the equality of all men under the law. and for the community generally. That is exactly what those of us who fa I commend these services to my fel Mr. MILLER of California. The most vor the FEFC are asking for when the bill decorated ou~fit in the American Army low Members of the Congress for their comes to a vote tomorrow. We want all was the One Hundredth Battalion, of ' personal attendance. I make a sugges men to have economic equality under the nisei, American citizens of Japanese tion, also, that we make it possible for law as well as political equality. I hope origin. our staff members to attend. The serv that tomorrow the debate on this meas Mr. DEANE. Mr. Speaker, will the ices start on Ash Wednesday, February ure can be kept at that level and will not gentleman yield? 22, and continue tprough Lent. descend to recriminations and interpre Mr. MILLER of California. I yield. Services also will be held every tations that have absolutely no f ounda Mr. DEANE. I, too, was a member of Wednesday evening at 8 o'clock. tion in fact. If we do that I think we can a different Congressional mission that ORDER OF BUS~NESS TOMORROW debate a great basic issue in a scholarly was in Japan during September and Mr. KEATING. Mr. Speaker, I ask and dignified manner which will add to October. I do not recall any place dur unanimous consent to address the House the prestige of the House. I hope such ing our tour of the Orient where we re for 1 minute ·and revise and extend my will be the case, Mr. Speaker. ceived a more generous reception than remarks. The SPEAKER. The time of the gen was accorded to members of our group ·The SPEAKER. Is there objection to tleman from Wisconsin has expired. as we visited the Japanese Diet. I am the request of the gentleman from New EXTENSION OF REMARKS sure that the American people are pleased to have this distinguished group York? Mr. SABATH asked and was given per of Japanese people in our country. ·There was no objection. mission to extend his remarks in the Mr. MILLER of California. I thank Mr. KEATING. Mr. Speaker, I feel RECORD. the gentleman. sure all of us are delighted that no con VISITING MEMBERS OF JAPANESE DIET In closing, I want to say that I know I flict in viewpoint on pending legislation speak your sentiments when we welcome is being allowed to interfere with the Mr. MILLER of California. Mr. to the House of Representatives the reading tomorrow of that inspiring mas Speaker, I ask unanimous consent to delegation of the Japanese Diet now in terpiece, Washington's Farewell Address. address the House for 1 minute and re the gallery. [Applause.] I am certain also, that we on this side vise and extend my remarks. of the aisle are very anxious to get on The SPEAKER. Is there objection to SELECT COMMITTEE ON SMALL BUSINESS with the business tomorrow and do the request of the gentleman from Cali Mr. HALLECK. Mr. Speaker, I ask everything possible to complete the con fornia? unanimous consent that the minority sideration of the legislation to be sub There was no objection. members of the Select Committee on mitted to us with reasonable dispatch. Mr. MILLER of California. Mr. Small Business may have until midnight I am hopeful that the same is true on Speaker, I want to. call the attention of tomorrow in which to file brief minority the other side of the aisle. The reading the House to the fact that there are a views to be appended to the report filed ~q~~ - Farewell Address, I am told, will number 9f giemb~rs of the Japa~e~e piet by the chairman of the committee today. 2072 CONGRESSIONAL REGORD-HOUSE · FEBRUARY 21 The SPEAKER. Is there objection to · remarks concerning the fact that he is no Mr. HARDY. Mr. Speaker, will the the request of the gentleman from In longer a member of my subcommittee, gentleman yield? diana? and in those remarks he indicated that Mr. HOFFMAN of Michigan. I yield. There was no objection. he had heard a rumor to the effect that Mr. HARDY. I felt sure the gentle· EXTENSION OF REMARKS the Administrator, Mr. Wickard, was at man would like to correct any unfair least in part responsible for his not being statement that he said he had received. Mr. SHEPPARD (at the request of Mr. on my subcommittee. Mr. Wickard Mr. HOFFMAN of Michigan. I do not SIKES) was granted permission to extend wrote to me about this on February 14th. accept the characterization of my state his remarks in the Appendix of the REC I believe that the gentleman from Mich ment as unfair but if the gentleman says ORD and include a memorial. igan [Mr. HOFFMAN] will like to make he did not have anything to do with my ADDITIONAL ALLOWANCE FOR TELE- some comment in connection with a quo removal from the Hardy subcommittee PHONE AND TELEGRAPH tation that I should like to read from and the gentleman from Virginia [Mr. Mr. SIKES. Mr. Speaker, I ask unani Mr. Wickard's letter. Mr. Wickard said: HARDY] says Mr. Wickard did not ask for mous consent that I may address the I want to unequivocally and categorically my removal then I accept that as the House for 1 minute and revise and ex deny that I ever made any request at any fact. I would accept the word of the time in connection with an effort to have gentleman from Virginia for almost tend my remarks. Mr. HOFFMAN removed from the committee. The SPEAKER. Is there objection to anything. the request of the gentleman from Mr. HOFFMAN of Michigan. Mr. Mr. HARDY. I am grateful to the Florida? Speaker, I ask unanimous consent to ad gentleman. · There was no objection. dress the House for 1 minute and to PROGRAM FOR BALANCE OF WEEK Mr. SIKES. Mr. Speaker, on yester revise and extend my remarks. The SPEAKER. Is there objection to Mr. MARTIN of Massachusetts. Mr. day I introduced H. R. 7356, which would Speaker, I ask unanimous consent to ad increase the Members' telephone and the request of the gentleman from Michigan? dress the House for 1 minute. telegraph allowance from $500 to $1,000 The SPEAKER. Is there objection to per year. There ·was no objection. Mr. HOFFMAN of Michigan. Mr. the request of the gentleman from Mas May I point out, Mr. Speaker, that the sachusetts? $500 limitation holds whether you live Speaker, I would say in answer to the gentleman from Virginia [Mr. HARDY] There was no objection. 10 miles or 2,000 miles from the District Mr. MARTIN of Massachusetts. Mr. of Columbia. Since telegraph and tele that the information did come to me from what I considered a reliable source, Speaker, I take this time in order to ask phone bills are computed in large meas the majority leader if there has been any ure upon distance, those of us who do not right out of the Department of Agricul ture. I have a copy of the letter Mr. change in connection with the an live near the District of Columbia are nounced program for the balance of the penalized to begin with. Wickard wrote to the gentleman. I have a copy of the letter I wrote in reply. It week. May I point out further, Mr. Speaker, Mr. McCORMACK. After the termi that any amount of this money not re reads as follows: FEBRUARY 14, 1950. nation of Calendar Wednesday-- quired for a Member's service to his peo Mr. CLAUDE R. WICKARD, Mr. MARTIN of Massachusetts. Has ple automatically reverts to the Treasury, Administrator, Rural Electrification Ad• the gentleman any idea when that will and none is lost to the Government by ministration, Washington, D. C. be? reason of nonuse. Many of us have DEAR MR. WICKARD: Yours of the 14th, Mr. McCORMACK. ·The gentleman used all or practically all of the money which came by special messenger, together will notice that I said "after the termi which is now available. We feel that with the copy of your letter to PORTER. HARDY, nativn of business on Calendar Wednes more is necessary, if we are to give to our JR., at hand. day." If there is any time remaining constituents the service we feel they are The last sentence reads as follows: "I make this request not so much because for the rest of the week I intend to pro entitled to receive. I urge and I hope I wish to be personally exonerated, but be gram the bill S. 2105, a bill relating to that all interested members will urge cause of the insinuation that there is some the minin·g industry. A rule making the that the Committee on House Adminis thing so bad in my organization that this bill in order has been reported out of tration will speedily act upon this matter. extraordinarily improper action is being the Committee o·n Rules and I under taken to cover it up." The SPEAKER. The time of the stand tl~at the committee in charge of gentleman from' Florida has expired. Am in accord with the statement that my arbitrary and unprecedented removal from a the bill is going to propose a couple of EXTENSION OF REMARKS subcommittee .was, to quote you, "extraor amendments to the bill which will re Mr. MURDOCK asked and was given dinarily improper action" and trust that the move a substantial part of the opposition majority party will without delay take steps that existed to the bill as reported out of permission to extend his remarks in the to correct that improper action. the committee originally. Appendix of the RECORD. Sincerely yours. That is the only change I know of at Mr. ALBERT asked and was given per P. S.-Rereading the CONGRESSIONAL REC• this time. mission to extend his remarks in the Ap ORD, am striking the next to the last para Mr. MARTIN of Massachusetts. Will pendix of the RECORD and include ex graph in the first column on page 1813, daily there be any further additions for the traneous matter. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD, as the substance ap rest of this week? Mr. MULTER asked and was given pears on page 1776 of the permanent CoN GRESSIONAL RECORD. Mr. McCORMACK. Without binding permission to extend his remarks in the (Copy to Hon. PORTER HARDY, JR.) myself I have no intention now, unless Appendix of the RECORD in three separate If the gentleman states that Mr. Wick something pressing arises-and I have instances and in each to include extra no knowledge of it-the strong probabili neous matter. ard insists that he did not have anything to do with my unauthorized removal from ties are that there will not be anything Mr. HULL asked and was given per further this week. mission to extend his remarks in the Ap the subcommittee, that is all right with pendix of the RECORD and include ex me, I will be glad to accept his statement. Mr. HOFFMAN of Michigan. Mr. traneous matter. Over the years I have heard of these Speaker, will the gentleman yield? rumors about what individuals in the De Mr. McCORMACK. I yield to the PERMISSION TO ADDRESS THE HOUSE partments said and were doing. Some gentleman from Michigan. Mr. HARDY. Mr. Speaker, I ask times they are good, accurate-in accord Mr. HOFFMAN of Michigan. Can the unanimous consent to address the House with the fact-sometimes they are not. gentleman give us any estimate as to how for 1 minute and to revise and extend Now, I remember the rumors about Hiss long we will be in session tomorrow? my remarks. and some others in the executive depart Mr. McCORMACK. I wish I could. The SPEAKER. Is there objection to ments. When we called attention to The gentleman's estimate is just as good the request of the gentleman from them sometimes we were told: "Oh, well, as and probably better than mine. Virginia? you are just listening to the wind." But Frankly, I am unable to state. There was no objection. if the court sustains the conviction in the Mr. RANKIN. . Mr. Speaker, will the Mr. HARDY. Mr. Speaker, on Mon Hiss case Hiss is going to wind up in jail gentleman yield? day of last week the gentleman from and the so-called rumors we heard about Mr. MARTIN of Massachusetts. I Michigan [Mr. HOFFMAN J made cez:tain Hiss resulted in his exposure. yield to the gentleman from Mississippi. 1950 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 2073
Mr. RANKIN. We will be in session did not believe in p~rpetuity of office. American Legion Auxiliary, of Ashby and until Washington's Farewell Address is ·He stood for America-for freedom. He Westford, Mass., against any compulsory read. worked for liberty, and he did not believe health insurance plan under national Mr. McCORMACK. The gentleman in socialism-the way we are traveling bureaucratic control reading as follows: from Mississippi is very optimistic. I under this administration. Again I ad Whereas the American veteran in two world hope that will not be so. monish you Members of Congress-heed wars has defended the American free enter Mr. RANKIN. I was expressing the Washington's advice. prise system, which has made possible the development in this country of the highest American wish, with which I am sure EXTENSION OF REMARKS standards of medical care and finest medi George Washington would agree, if he Mr. GRANGER asked and was given cal institutions attained by any major coun were here. permission to extend his remarks in the try in the world; and SURPLUS FOOD RECORD and include a poem on water. Whereas having experienced the shortcom ings of impersonal, assembly-line medical Mr. CORBETT. Mr. Speaker, I ask Mr. McGUIRE asked and was given care inherent in the form of Government unanimous consent to address the House permission to extend his remarks in the controlled medicine necessary in time of for 1 minute. RECORD and include an article. war, the veteran understands the dangers The SPEAKER. Is there objection to Mr. REED of New York asked and was of imposing such a system permanently on the request of the gentleman from Penn given permission to extend his remarks the entire population; and in the RECORD in five instances, in each Whereas compulsory health insurance sylvania? would impose an unjust tax on the veteran's There was no objection. to include extraneous matter. pay check for medical care to which he is Mr. CORBETT. Mr. Speaker, I want Mr. LEMKE asked and was given per now entitled free of charge as a reward for to join with my colleague from Massa mission to extend his remarks in the his service to his country; and chusetts [Mr. HESELTONJ and the gentle RECORD in two instances, in each to in Whereas compulsory health insurance man from Pennsylvania [Mr. HUGH D. clude extraneous matter. would force a tax ~f 3 percent on the in ScoTT, JR.] in urging that the chairman Mr. CASE of South Dakota asked and come of the employed veteran, rising to a tax of at least 6 percent within a few of the Committee on Agriculture of the was given permission to extend his re years, creating new financial burdens which House promptly proceed with hearings mark:s in the RECORD. increase the costs of necessities of life and on the bill, H. R. 7135. Throughout the Mr. JAVITS asked and was given per lower the standard of living for veterans and length and breadth of this Nation we mission to extend his remarks in the other citizens: Now, therefore, be it have tens of thousands of people on re RECORD in four instances and include Resolved, That the American Legion Aux lief, we have millions of dollars worth newspaper a·nd other maforial. iliary does hereby go on record against any of surplus commodities going to waste, form of compulsory health insurance or any Mr. HAGEN asked and was given per system of political medicine designed for · and I believe that the situation is suffi . mission to extend his remarks in the national bureaucratic control. ciently serious that the merits of this RECORD and include a newspaper article. That a copy of this resolution be forwarded bill for the relief of the people who have Mr. RANKIN asked and was given per to the President of the United States, tc helped pay for these stored-up goods mission to revise and extend the remarks each Senator and Representative from the should be considered at once. he previously made and to include ex State of Massachusetts, and that said Sena WASHINGTON'S FAREWELL ADDRESS cerpts from the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD. tors and Representatives be and are hereby respectfully requested to use every effort at Mr. RICH. Mr. Speaker, I ask unani FILING OF MINORITY VIEWS their command to prevent the enactment mous consent to address the House for Mr. PATMAN. Mr. Speaker, in the of such legislation. 1 minute and to revise and extend my event minority views are filed to the re Signed by the president and the secretary. remarks. port of the Committee on Small Business PRIVATE CALENDAR The SPEAKER. Is there objection to today, I ask unanimous consent that I The SPEAKER. This is Private Cal the request of the gentleman from may be allowed to file additional views. endar day. The Clerk will call the first Pennsylvania? The SPEAKER. Is there objection to individual bill on the Private Calendar. There was no objection. the request of the gentleman from Texas? NICOLETTA AND GUILIA PONTRELLI Mr. RICH. Mr. Speaker, we have There was no objection. heard much about the program for to The Clerk called the bill
HONORIO CANCILLE~ EVANGELISTA Ikeda, minor son of Ichio Ikeda, a citizen of D_R. AGOSTIN() DELISI the United States, shall be deemed to be ad The Clerk called the bill (H. R. 1866) m issible to the United States for permanent The Clerk called the bill
- CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 2099 to build enough dams up there to I have in my hands newspapers and There never has b2en a time in recent hold a lot of that water in that great newspaper clippings giving the flood news years when the need for national unity area on the tributaries and the mairi in Louisiana. One Associated Press dis was so great. While I differ profoundly streams, and that is going to give you patch before me gives the :flood gage with my friends, who have urged this folks some relief. reading at the present time and the pre legislation upon the House, I recognize Mr. BROOKS. I want to thank the dicted river crest on the Mississippi, Red, that there are some conditions through gentleman for that contribution. We Atchafalaya, and other tributaries of the out the country which explain the fer are deeply interested in the reservoir Mississippi. All of these figures indicate ment of opinion which has brought this problem in the United States which will that a further rise and consequential issue before us. J hold the floodwaters up in your section flood damage is to be expected. The Na · It behooves us all to think in terms of long enough for the other floodwaters tional Guard has been called out in cer the national community. I have been to go through the lower Mississippi and tain areas, and tented cities have been on the west coast in recent months. I permit them to pass safely through the laid out to take care of flood refugees. have seen many members of the Negro State of Louisiana. Last year I read of the criticisms of race who were formerly residents of our Mr. JENSEN. My district is bordered some, who referred to flood control and region finding better opportunities on · by the Missouri River for some 120 navigation projects as "pork-barrel'' the west coast. It is in the interest of miles, from the State line of Missouri up legislation. I have no patience for these Arkansas and all the States which have to within about 20 miles of Sioux City. · criticisms. Those who would level such built their economy on an agricultural Of course, my problem is flood also. We criticisms should now take time out to foundation to have a thriving industrial have floods no end, but we are gradually go down to the great State of Louisiana life in other parts of the country for the whipping them. The farmers of the up and try to traverse the major highways good of our people who are squeezed out per reaches of the Mississipi:i and the there which are under water; look out of agriculture and who are seeking to Missouri and the Ohio are doing the best over the land, covered with the swollen, improve their economic situation. job in holding this rain water where it muddy, ugly waters; visit the tented · I know, too, that we of the South who falls by contouring and terracing the · cities of flood refugees; and note the complain that this legislation is opposed · land, holding the water where it falls, frantic efforts of cattle as they look for to our region have indicated our interest and keeping the silt out of the streams, high ground to save their lives. These in the problems of other regions, some and by that. soil-conservation program people, who have in the past been critical, times in a way that might have offended and the program we now have of build should viSit this area and note the dis residents of those communities. I ref er, ing these dams on the upper reaches it tress and the hardship and the privation for example, to the labor bills which have will be, in a few years, a great help to visited upon these people in my State, been before the House. I know when you folks down there. who ·have been thus penalized through most of us from rural districts supported Mr. BROOKS. I thank the gentle-. no fault of their own, but merely because the Taft-Hartley measure some of our man very kindly. I know that the farm through our rivers we are seeking to friends representin·g the labor point of ers :tre always doing a good job in thefr drain the floodwaters of 32 States of the view from industrial centers which con terracing, and that will help us a great United States. They will go away as flicted with ours said, "Why should you deal. strong advocates of the Federal Govern take it upon yourselves to make this The story of the flood of 1950 is now ment meeting this situation by full ap grave decision which affects our commu be.;ing written, but many weeks will pass propriations in the working out of the nities so vitally?" Our answer is again before we can finally tabulate the tre major flood-control and navigation that ours is· a national community and mendous losses resulting from the mad plans, which will make our rivers ser it is very much in our interest to avoid storm waters of the central United States vants. of mankind rather than the de industrial conflict and thus to provide as they rushed toward the sea. stroyers of our people and our property. that the automobiles which roll off the So high has the Mississippi River be They will help us with the great problems assembly lines in Detroit shall come in come that the Bonnet Carre spillway, of the lower Mississippi Basin, and full volume so that the ·farmers of our above New Orleans, has been opened, and especially of Louisiana, by providing us section shall have automobiles and trac I am informed that 250,000 per second with the money which we need to build tors and the other products of our Amer cubic feet of water is being channeled these critically n·eeded :flood-control ican industry. through the floodway from the Missis projects. Surely this Congress can do no So I think any recrimi_nations along sippi to Lake Pontchartrain at the pres less. that line should be avoided and we should ent time. This has taken the pressure The SPEAKER. Under previous order undertake to think in terms of our com off the New Orleans levees to some ex of the House, the gentleman from Arkan mon interests and the relationship of in tent, but the situation on the Atchafalaya sas [Mr. HAYS] is recognized for 60 dustry and agriculture. River is still in great difficulty. My able minutes. It is very difficult too, sometimes, to colleague from this part of Louisiana, THE FEPC ISSUES understand wh~- some residents' of other Henry Larcade, who lives in the Atcha Mr. HAYS of Arkansas. Mr. Speaker, parts of the country would be so con falaya Basin, yesterday gave the Senate on yesterday I asked for 1 hour's time to ~erned about court procedures in the Committee on Appropriations figures discuss certain aspects of the so-called · South. Yet I want to be consistent. showing the volume of water which the civil-rights program because it seemed Just as I have insisted that we in rural Atchafalaya River is compelled to handle to me with the very limited time that areas must be concerned about industrial at this time, and he stressed the fact that would be allowed under the rules of the prodt:ction, so I freely grant that the tremendous pressure was being placed House in the event that the FEPC bill holder of negotiable paper for the pur upon Atchafalaya levees. There is pres "is called up for consideration tomorrow chase of an automobile by a southern ently the threat of opening up the Atcha with only 2 hours provided for debate, resident is and must be just a.j much falaya flood way; and if this is done, tens there would not be an opportunity for concerned about the enforcement of his of thousands of acres of fertile land many Members of the House to discuss rights in our courts as we are in his in within the Atchafalaya Basin will be some of the fundamental issues involved dustry and that he has a right to ex flooded. Although the Atchafalaya in so substantial a change in our na- . amine the judicial system if a break floodway was authorized by law many tional policy. Therefore, today I expect down is threatened at any point. So, years agd, the levees in this area have not to yield freely of my time as soon as I with personal rights, the character of been completed because of Jack of money, have completed a preliminary statement our courts is a defense against injustice and the use of this floodway in its present regarding this issue. that belongs to everyone, regardless of uncompleted condition will cause tre I think perhaps that some of the Mem residence. mendous flood damage to south Loui bers who have been interested in my Mr. Speaker, I have said these things siana. This· se.ssion of Congress should point of view since a year ago when I in order to spe~~ k with a background of certainly give this project enough money described what has sometimes been agreement on that point-that our in to completely build the Atchafalaya called the Arkansas plan will want to . terests are so interlocked that residents floodway. share the time with me. of other sections have every right to 2100 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE FEBRUARY 21 inquire about the progress being made The problem would still exist. Problems of Negro leaders made in 1942, in the in the South in providing for oppor of this kind are never finally solved. famous Durham Conference that they tunities for the minority group-and I That may be a fine commentary on hu recognized that the real progress to be refer, of course, to our most important man nature. It may be something that made for their people must be within the racial minority, the Negro race. It is the Creator planted within us, a restless 'framework of our own democracy in the a delicate issue, and I think it is always ness that drives us forward. The fact Southern States; and I should add that difficult for a member of the majority that some insist that the problems are not no· one should ask them to desist in their group, a white man, to speak with com solved does not mean that Booker T. efforts to secure changes. But when it plete understanding of the point of view Washington was wrong in what he said comes to a question of Federal policy, of the minority. I have done the best I about the civil rights bills in 1884, "Leave surely, as practical men, we should rec could to put myself in the position of a them alone." Booker T. Washington was ognize that the decisions must be left to member of the minority group. All of right in placing reliance upon a common the States and to the localities. my adult life I have been interested in attack upon poverty, poor health, and When I discussed the President's mes the problems and the welfare of the limited educational opportunities rather sage a year ago, 1 year after he had of Negro people of my State. I am sure no than force legislation in Washington. fered his civil-rights proposals, I pointed one challenges that. It is not necessary I shall· not burden the House with a out that not a single one of his recom to say it, but I crave your indulgence as recital of the great progress that has mendations had met with congressional I say it, because I would like to fortify it. been made in the States within the last approval. I point out now that another I have done everything I could, as one 12 months in equalizing educational year has gone by that this is still true citizen, for the improvement of the con and other opportunities. There are and I do it primarily for the purpose of ditions of our minority people. those who off er the FEPC as a solution· of suggesting that if the program cannot ·Mr. MARCANTONIO. Mr. Speaker, one problem, who ·would agree that un receive congressional approval after this will the gentleman yield? derlying that is a graver problem, a more lapse of time surely there must be some Mr. HAYS of Arkansas. I yield. fundamental problem, which is the edu valid objections to it. On the other Mr. MARCANTONIO. The gentleman cation of our people. That does not have hand, since agitation for it continues we uses the word "minority." Can the gen racial implications, except that of who have objected to it must agree that tleman tell us in how many counties in course for a long time, following their since the agitation for it persists there the South the Negro people stand in the emergence from slavery, opportunities must be some merit in it. That is the majority? for the race were not abundant. Neither reason I have gone to the very bottom of Mr. HAYS of Arkansas. The Negro was the Negro always prepared to take it, into every phase of the program with people in the South stand in the ma advantage of such limited opportunities such facilities as I have at my disposal jority in a number of counties. I do not as were offered. It is no evidence at all to find the good that is in it. Having have the exact number. They are na of a lack of benevolence or humanitarian found some good in it, for the life of me, tionally a minority group. They are re interest in the Negro on the part of the I do not understand why the administra gionally a minority group. I see no point White majority that those opportunities tion turns down every effort to find the in arguing whether or not they are in were somewhat limited. I think it is a answer as reasonable men to a difficult certain localities a majority group, be wholesome thing that the Negro has been question, a question that has divided our cause, of course, the policies we discuss insisting that opportunities be made country, divided us in an hour when we here are related to the Nation and not more equal. Many measures for equali ought to be united. to the locality. zation awaited merely the insistence that I do not know whether it is true or I am not sure that I understand the they be granted. The interesting thing not, as many say, that this is a crucial implications of the gentleman's question. is that as the Negro asks for better op hour in the life of humanity; I do not If he intends only to point out that they portunities in every field of endeavor he know whether it is true that decisions are in the majority in certain communi receives them. My city, the city. of Little must shortly be made by millions of the ties, of course, that is . true. But sin9e Rock, has just voted to put itself in debt world's people as to which road they will they are not, in any State, the majority to the extent of $359,000 to equalize the travel; our free way, or the totalitarian group, what I have said about the group recreational activities for white and col way. I do not know whether the men as a minority will stand. ored. That is relate·d to this problem who speak in such grave terms as to Booker T. Washington, a revered Ne because you see there is resistance in the eminent crises are right or not; if they gro leader, as early as 1884, in a meet are, we must have greater unity, and in ing of the National Education Associa South to the extreme kind of legislation that FEPC supporters offer. The resist any ev~nt, I am convinced that as far tion, raised the question of the civil ance to it is explained partly by reason as our domestic happiness and peace is rights bills-interesting enough, it was of certain social relationships; and on concerned, there is every reason for us the same language in 1884 that we use that point, in all frankness, there will be as legislators to be calm, and to be fair, today, for there were bills pending that no change. I would like to say that and to be reasonable as we approach were referred to as civil-rights bills this potentially explosive issue. Booker T. Washington answered the without offense. I am.dealing with what I think is a reality. Our p_eople believe I have said that I could see in the question himself. He said: that there should be no social intermin FEPC issue only an indirect phase of the The best thing to do 1s to leave it alone gling, and I am not talking now in terms segregation problem. I suggested that I and it will solve itself. · of social equality; it is not a question of could understand the objections that are If Booker T. Washington were alive I one race being superior and another race made by some to present practices, that believe he would stand by his statement,· inferior. A lot of talk on that line is there are indeed some harsh and even looking at the present situation and con wholly irrelevant. What I am saying is · cruel aspects of segregation. What I sidering the great progress that the Ne that the South has decided that under have insisted upon as governmental gro race has made in cooperation with present conditions, some decisions and policy is that those grievances must be the white people where they live-in some activities based upon them must be addressed not to the National Congress, other words, the progress that has been governed by each group living its sep but to the municipalities and to the State made by both groups working together. arate life in separate communities. legislatures. It is not our task. If we He would probably say, as 'a philosopher Now, I am anxious not to misrepre undertake to legislate in that field we and teacher-and he was a great teach sent our Negro leaders; I am sure that will bungle the situation. We will find er-that human problems are never the Negro leadership of the South the new divisions to plague us, and new and finally solved. Even if my friends who oretically stands opposed unanimously to more severe problems will arise. so vigorously urge the FEPC bill have compulsory segregation; they have said What does that have to do with FEPC? their way, and if the President should so. No one in the South on the majority Oh, they say, it is an economic question, accept their recommendations as to the side questions their right to say so. We it has nothing to do with social relations, personnel of the FEPC, a year from now, recognize· the implications of it, but the it has nothing to do with race relations. no matter how vigorously enforced, they best proof in the world of their sound Well, now, the wartime FEPC was given would not be satisfied with the re.sults. thinking is in the statement that a group po-.-:cr of a very limited ~haracter to deal 1950 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 2101 with these delicate human situations that touches the deep emotions of life I my friend from Washington will find armed by an Executive order to do just · would undertake to avoid it in this case. himself. There is that third group that one thing and that was to see that fair I am not sure it is possible. I grew up holds that discrimination is an evil, it is employment policies were adopted in war among Negro people. I have respect and a national problem; that the ideal of plants and in Federal agencies. Mind affection for my Negro constituents. I equal pay for equal performance should you, the wartime FEPC had nothing like would regard myself as unfit to sit in this be pursued; that we should seek to grant the sweeping powers that Mr. POWELL'S House if I were indifferent to the point to every man, whatever his race or re bill proposes to give, nothing like them. of view of the 50,000 Negroes who live ligion an opportunity to earn a livelihood It was empowered only to deal with war in my district. I am sorry, in this in and to be paid in accordance with his time activities and with Federal employ stance, that the Negro community is di contribution to society, that these are ment, that is all, and had authority only vided; that some have said I am doing rights to be cherished. Since it is not to prescribe fair employment practices. the right thing for them, and others that always easy to maintain universally for But if a war agency equipped by Execu I am not. Dr. J. M. Robinson, of. Little reasons that sometimes bewilder us, it tive order to deal with problems in a Rock, a prominent Negro leader, writes creates a problem that ought to have the limited area should so disregard its au me emphatically that I am right and notice of the · Congress. I think then thority as to issue orders breaking down that the Negroes of the South should en that we will find some common agree patterns of life in the city of Baltimore dorse my position. On the other hand; ment in this middle area of a Federal and dealing with delicate social questions others have said something else about declaration that the denial of equal· op which have no relation to employment, if it. What I have tried to do is to say with portunities or refusal to pay men in ac a wartime agency of .that kinj could as candor the things I do believe, though it cordance with their productiveness sert such extensive powers, what would conflicts with the point of view of many should engage the thoughtful attention happen if we should adopt the committee official Negro spokesmen. I have tried to of the Government but not to clothe an FEPC bill and give an agency authority say it with kindness, and yet with vigor, agency with power to choose between over practically every industry in this because this is no time for evasion, no applicants or employees or place fines or country? The Baltimore incident crea matter how much regard we have for the penalties upon any employer who does ated tensions and accounts for some of sentiments of those with whom we differ. not follow their solution or recommen the fears regarding sweeping legislation · I have taken heart, though, when I dations. But, if we simply, as a matter of this type. It obscured some worth get messages such as this one. Here is a pf law, declare that the policy of the while things the agency accomplished in · letter from Hon. Arthur W. Mitchell. Federal Government is to seek equality situations like the Sun Oil Co. plant in Many of you served in the Congress with and to give to some agency a mandate Houston and justifies some of the fears him. I have not gotten down to the to enlarge upon opportunities for all now expressed. substitute that I hope to offer for the people, and use conciliation to end dis Mr. Speaker, we are therefore dealing Labor Committee bill, but Arthur W. crimination, then I think · we will be with a very fundamental problem-a Mitchell, one of the most distinguished maldng headway; we will be taking for problem that touches dangerous situa Negroes ·in America writes me: "I have ward steps. That is as far as I am will tions. It deals too with one of the given your bill all of the time and study I ing to go. foundation principles of our society, could spare, and I am of the opinion that I want to get down before I close to which is that of a free industry. Wt..en it is a workable bill and one that will the real issue in this case, because I have ever any law undertakes to say that an help remedy the discriminatory prac not yet stated it. The question is, Shall employer shall hire applicant A instead tice in the labor field as it applies to we have a bill that contains on the part · of applicant B and shall be finec.l or im minority groups." Then he says he would of a Federal agency the power to fine an prisoned for not following a Federal be glad to appear in support of it if a employer or to imprison him for not fol agency's decision as to which employees hearing is ever given. That is the word lowing their orders? Is that what the may be discharged, surely there are of a trusted Negro leader, a former Mem Congress proposes to do? The commit alerted dangers for us to consider. As ber of this House. tee bill gives such power. That is the reasonable men, as legislators with re Mr. HORAN. Mr. Speaker, will the issue, because the committee bill does sponsibilities to maintain a nonviolent gentleman yield? have such enforcement powers. That is community and a just order wherever Mr. HAYS of Arkansas. I yield to the the reason I am raising my voice today Federal authority is projected, we are gentleman from Washington. against such an extreme measure. challenged to exhibit the finest intelli Mr. HORAN. I am aware of the sin Mr. MARCANTONIO. Mr. Speaker, gence and ingenuity that this House can cere work that our colleague from Ar will the gentleman yield? summon. kansas has given this subject for perhaps Mr. HAYS of Arkansas. I yield to the Mr. GRANGER. Mr. Speaker., will the 25 or 30 years, practically all of his adult gentleman from New York. gentleman yield? life, as he has said, and I want to com Mr. MARCANTONIO. The gentle Mr. HAYS of Arkansas. I yield to the pliment the gentleman. Certainly, if man admits there is a problem with gentleman from Utah. there were ever a time when we need which Congress must deal. The gentle Mr. GRANGER. I want to compli more light on this subject that is before man, of course, is now recommending ment the gentleman on the splendid us, it is today and tomorrow. I humbly what is commonly known as a process of statement he is making and on the effort suggest that if we are to mal{e construc gradualism with respect to this problem. I know he has made in trying to solve a tive headway with this problem that will Mr. HAYS of Arkansas. I hope the difficult problem. I just suspect that if stand the test and remain with us, it will gentleman will not attribute that to me. more of us were in the same frame of be somewhere in the field that our col The word "gradualism" has been tossed mind as the gentleman addressing the league from Arkansas now indicates. around so much that I would prefer that House at this time there would not be Mr. HAYS of Arkansas. I am very the gentleman use another word, if he any difficulty in getting our views to grateful for that statement. does not mind. gether on this problem that is facing the You see, there are three divisions of Mr. MARCANTONIO. In my opiniCln, Congress. I do want to say to the gen us. We fall into three groups. There that is the only way I can.adequately de tleman that he has done an exceptionally are those that are so earnest about this scribe the gentleman's position. Of fine job of research in trying to find the thing that they want to do everything course, I may be in error. What I should answer to a difficult question, and if it overnight, and they want to do it by Fed like to point out to the gentleman is that were myself sitting down with him I eral law, and they are· unyielding. Now, there has been no civil-rights legislation think we could satisfy ourselves on this there is another group that, in spite of since 1875. question that is dividing the Congress, their humanitarian impulses and their Mr. HAYS of Arkansas. And have we dividing the Democratic Party and divid· attitude of kindness toward the minority not done pretty well? ing the people of our country. groups, do not want to do anything; they Mr. MARCANTONIO. No; we have Mr. HAYS of Arkansas. I am very say there is nothing to do. Then right not. grateful to my friend from Utah. I re in the middle of these groups there is Mr. HAYS of Arkansas. Does not the solved at the outset since it is an issue that third group, and I hope that is where gentleman think that the American 2102 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE FEBRUARY 21 Negro is the best-off minority in all the Mr. MARCANTONIO. I say it will be Mr. MARCANTONIO. No, I am not. world, the best paid, and the freest? a tremendous step toward abolishing I am referring to this specific problem. Mr. MARCANTONIO. I will answer discrimination in employment. Mr. HAYS of Arkansas. Then the the gentleman. The gentleman has now Mr. HAYS of Arkansas. If I may in gentleman will begin to ask me about the just given us a marvelous picture of Jim terrupt the gentleman. dog-license ordinance in the city of Lit Crow and segregation. I think the best . Mr. MARCANTONIO. I am going to tle Rock, and I am not going to discuss answer to that question is the answer the answer the gentleman. that. Negro himself gives you. He refuses to Mr. HAYS of Arkansas. I hope he Mr. MARCANTONIO. Of course not. live any longer under Jim Crow and seg will, because you brought in segregation. Mr. PRIEST. Mr. Speaker, will the regation. He resents being treated as Mr. MARCANTONIO. Yes. gentleman yield to me? · different from anybody else. So the gen Mr. HAYS of Arkansas. If it is segre Mr. HAYS of Arkansas. I yield. tleman may travel all over the world and gation you are trying to attack, that is, Mr. PRIEST. I simply want to make try to make comparisons, and ope may the problem of segregation instead of the one statement that I think has some disagree as to comparisons, but that is problem of unfair employment, let us be bearing on questions which the gentle not the point at all. The point is that honest about it. man from New York has been raising. we here in America have to face this Mr. MARCANTONIO. You cannot In my ·awn district there is one of the problem. We have refused to face it separate one from the other. They are gre~test Negro medical colleges in the since 1875. integrated because once you establish the world, Meharry College. I checked the Mr. HAYS of Arkansas. Not in my proposition that a person cannot be de enrollment yesterday. There are more country have we refused to face it. We prived of employment because of the Negroes from the State of New York en have worked pretty hard at it down in color of his skin, then of course you be rolled in Meharry Medical College in my Arkansas. If I know the South, we have gin to break down even social segrega district than are enrolled in the city of been working hard at it, and that is tion. Are you in favor of breaking down New York in all of the seven medical where 70 percent of th3 American Ne social segregation? I ask the gentle schools where there is no segregation groes live. I agree, of course, that we man-he has asked me so many ques whatsoever. Why is that true? Be should have as our standard-not the tions, I ask him that question: Is he in cause they cannot compete on a competi other countrys' but the American ideal favor of breaking it down, either by mu tive basis for admission to those schools an ideal still to be pursued for both races. nicipal legislation or Federal legislation in New York. They are away down the Mr. MARCANTONIO. If you have in any manner, shape, or form? list. The come down to Meharry Med worked so hard at it, you have certainly Mr. HAYS of Arkansas. My answers ical College and become good doctors. I cemented more than ever before 'your will be provided in the choice of policies think that has some bearing because it system of segregation and Jim Crow. I make and my action as a citizen in deals with a noncompulsory type of That you cannot challenge. You know the State and in the locality and not in segregation. If the gentleman will it is true. As a matter of .fact the gen the Congress. check the record, he will find there are tleman's whole speech is based upon the Mr. MARCANTONIO. I do not think more Negro students from the State of perpetuation of that system. the gentleman is being as frank as he New York enrolled in the medical college Mr. HAYS of Arkansas. I disagree started out to be at the beginning of his in my district than are enrolled in the With my friend from New York. I think speech. entire city of New York. the gentleman will look in vain for words Mr. HAYS of Arkansas. I think I have Mr. MARCANTONIO. Mr. Speaker, of mine to sustain that statement. said a good deal about the aspects of will the gentleman yield? Mr. MARCANTONIO. Will the gen segregation that are not consonant with Mr. HAYS of Arkansas. I yield tleman yield further? our professions of equality. I have only briefiy. Mr. HAYS of Arkansas. I yield. tried to define the forum in which griev Mr. MARCANTONIO. I am not at all Mr. MARCANTONIO. I thank the ances are to be expressed and adjust trying to defend New York. As far as gentleman for yielding to me. I think ments sought. If the gentleman thinks New York is concerned, there is more the gentleman is eminently fair. I think it is the Congress of the United States hypocrisy on this question than there is he is doing a scholarly job here this aft that must determine whether a bus trav in many other places. We are hypocriti ernoon and I, for one, appreciate the eling from the east side of Atlanta to· the cal about the problem. We preach a ser spirit in which he is conducting this dis · west side of Atlanta shall have a non mon but we practice otherwise. That is, cussion, although I disagree with him. segregation policy, then, of course, it is the ruling groups. The ruling economic The gentleman's position is, and I think quite all right for him to entertain that and social groups of the city of New York if the gentleman reads back through his view, but I do not want him to have that have taken the attitude and position that speech he will find it so, he has stated in mind and vote· with that in mind in you gentlemen of the South take toward here that the system of segregation is voting ostensibly to provide fair employ the Negro people. As far as colleges are one that exists, has existed, and must ment in the city of Atlanta. concerned, there is so much discrimina stand, and that we cannot change it. Mr. MARCANTONIO. I have an tion in those colleges that you can cut That is the gentleman's fundamental swered the gentleman, I think, when .I the atmosphere of discrimination with a basis, is that not true? stated that once you have prohibited dis knife. Of course, the Negroes are not ex Mr. HAYS of Arkansas. I have said crimination in employment you are be cluded from New York colleges because that changes to be made anywhere that ginning to attack one phase of segrega they cannot. compete. They are ex there are harsh and cruel as:Pects of it tion. But coming back to the gentle cluded because of the color of their skin, must be made by the municipality or by man's position, because the gentleman right in the city of New York. I am the legislature and not by the Congress, has taken the fioor to state his position, ashamed to make that confession for my and if you have in mind the abolishment and I would like to have it clearly de State, but it is true. of Jim Crow, frankly tell us so. I do fined, the gentleman seems to find objec Mr. HAYS of Arkansas. There is not not think you have said that yet. tion to this type of legislation because he a great deal of time remaining. Mr. MARCANTONIO. I definitely says it is not within the province of the Mr. DEANE. Mr. Speaker, will the have. Oh, yes; definitely I am opposed Federal Government but within the gentleman yield? to Jim Crow in any form or any aspect province of the local authorities. Is that Mr. HAYS of Arkansas. I yield. of it. I have made no bones of my posi the gentleman's position? Mr. DEANE. I am sure we all appreci tion on this thin·g. Then, may I ask him this question: Is ate the splendid statement being made by Mr. HAYS of Arkansas. Let me ask that the gentleman's only objection to the gentleman from Arkansas. Several the gentleman, if he does not mind, and wiping out segregation? Let us assume of us have from time to time during the I will yield to him to answer : Is your sup the gentleman had the power Within the past several weeks, advised and worked port of the committee bill due to your local framework of Government to wipe with the gentleman from Arkansas in the enthusiasm-let me put it another way it out, would he do so? hope that we could evolve a sane and are you supporting the committee FEPC Mr. HAYS of Arkansas. The gentle sound approach to this serious subject. bill because you believe it will do away man is raising moot questions here which In asking the gentleman to yield I with segregation? have no-relation to the problem. wanted to make this observation. 1950 - _CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 2103 Within recent days I have heard words I offered for the -consideration of the It will ·be unlawful, if this bill is adopt of criticism on rulings made by our dis committee. My bill will be offered as a ed, to discriminate against anyone, not tinguished Speaker, as we have ap- substitute. I will also off er for publica only for reasons of race, creed, or color, . proached the subject of the legislation tion in the RECORD a bill introduced some but ancestry, which means now that a which is expected to reach the ftoor of time ago by the gentleman from Penn-. Hatfield would have to empfoy a McCoy, the House on tomorrow. I cannot but sylvania [Mr. McCONNELL], which differs and a McCoy could not discharge a Hat feel that the overwhelming majority of in some respects from my proposed nqn field. That is· the bill. the Members of this body will support our penalty bill. Neither the bill introduced Mr. GWINN. Mr. Speaker, will the Speaker in the rulings he has and shall by the gentleman from Pennsylvania nor gentleman yield? make. The Speaker has been eminently my bill include enforcement powers. Mr. HAYS of Arkansas. I yield to the fair in all of his rulings and has thus That states the issue. Under the com gentleman from New York. maintained the dignity and prestige of mittee bill, I am satisfied that a jail sen Mr. GWINN. It has been said over this House. tence or heavy fine could be imposed for and over again that most of the agita On tomorrow, if FEPC is taken up, violation of a cease-and-desist order tion for this is below Fourteenth Street there will be serious questions, and every issued by the F·EPC. in New York where they have FEPC. I parliamentary maneuver possible made With all our good will, with all of our find that true in my district. Could the to advance or slow up the progress of sens~bilities agairist wrong and dis gentleman tell us where we can get au this legislation. I rise just to voice the crimination, this Congress is surely not thentic information about how the col hope that I am sure is in the mind of going to confer that kind of power. But ored people of the South feel about this every Member of this distinguished let me repeat that is the issue; there will compulsory legislation? Is there any body, that the rulings of the Chair will be no other issue where the House con thing published or any committees receive the respect and admiration of siders the FEPC. Sincere reasons will be formed that would give us a true picture every Member of this House. advanced by some for not accepting the of their own attitude in the South as dis Mr. Speaker, I would like to say this, plan which I have proposed; in other tinguished from Fourte.enth Street? too, before I take my seat, that I com words, some who have consistently op.:. Mr. HAYS of Arkansas. The gentle- . mend the views expressed by the gen posed what they call bureaucracy would man has asked me a very difficult ques tleman from Tennessee [Mr. PRIEST]. say, "Why create another agency?" tion because if I am going to be true In my own State of North Carolina we They ask, Why make this gesture? to my standard of honesty I am going are paying to our colored teachers the I would respect that point of view, to have to tell him that except for a few same salaries, based upon their certifi though I differ with it. I think the op thoughtful people like former Congress cates, as we pay to the white · teachers. portunity to do something that indicates man Mitchell who now lives in Virginia Our distinguished governor has named our sympathies with those who have rea and Dr. Robinson, the Negro physician a Negro to the State Board of Educa son to feel that equal opportunities have of my city whom I mentioned and oth tion. not always been afforded, I think that ers, I have not found a great deal of If it be true that the proponents are our sympathies should lead us to go this support among the colored people of the · doing so with the thought of casting far, that much I propose that we do. South for my point of view. I say that reftections on the South they are mak Before I analyze these two bills, the not to indicate that they repudiate my ing a serious mistake. We do not claim one offered by the gentleman from approach, but simply in an effort to to have a perfect economy but our prog Pennsylvania, H. R. 6841, and my own, speak with complete candor to say that ress does not have the best national H. R. 6668, and make a comparison be the thinking of most Negroes who have press. Somewhere between the Holly tween them and the committee bill, let had occasion to weigh it, is congealed. wood version of plantation life and the me say that I consider the committee bill And I suppose that observation applies Broadway conception of Tobacco Road an amazing thing. In an effort to bol to some extent to all of us. lies the real South of today. We read ster its constitutionality its drafters They are told that FEPC is in their in Life magazine within recent days that state that it is to promote the observ interest. So they are for it. A great the greatest transformation since the ance of rights and freedoms undertaken many of them have been told that by a opening of the West is taking place in by the United States under the United Negro press, which is not uniformly serv the South today. Surely we can take Nations Charter and to further national ing their interests from my point of advice, but the proponents of this leg policy with respect to the universal dec view and which because of a rather vio islation will discover that the South is laration of human rights proclaimed by lent attitude, sometimes a prejudiced at far ahead of many sections of this Na the General Assembly of the United Na- titude, fails to lay the full facts before tion iri its program to assist the Negro. tions. · them. This does not apply to all Negro I wish again, Mr. Speaker, to commend Is not that a commentary upon the newspapers by any means. A great the d1stii:iguished gentleman from Ar legislative processes? Here we are in a many Negroes so advised feel that the kansas for the fair and impartial way · free country under a sovereign govern issue is much simpler than it really is and in which he is presenting this subject. ment undertaking to justify a question that to deny them FEPC is to deny equal Mr. HAYS of Arkansas. I am very able statute by saying that because we ity: The gentleman knows that is not grateful to my friend from North Caro have agreed with certain other nations the case. lina. many of whom have not come anywhere Mr. GWINN. I had reference par Mr. JOHNSON. Mr. Speaker, will the close to the high standards we have ticularly to the compulsory feature. Do gentleman yield? erected in jurisprudence because we they know this means jail, fine, and all Mr. HAYS of Arkansas. I yield. have agreed with them about certain that? Mr. JOHNSON. I wish before the rights, we, the Congress of the United Mr .. HAYS of Arkansas. I doubt gentleman sits down he would tell us States, must adopt a questionable act. that they do. I doubt that they have clearly what the Federal Government It comes under the provision of the Con been fully advised. What I am trying would do in the event of a violation of stitution to the effect that the law of the to say is I have not been able to find, what the national policy might be. Are land is the law of treaties that we have among Negroes except in the isolated there to be penalties? And also, specif entered into; so, because this treaty was instances to which I referred, a great ically, would he tell us what the State made confirming what we have always deal of support for my middle-of-the and municipal governments ought to do believed, we will pursue this course, al road position. I am.sure they have been with this problem? I have listened with though of questionable constitutionality. very charitable to me. I ·have spoken much interest to his discussion and have That is not my idea of good craftsman of the problem in Negro churches. I learned something, but I would like to ship. have received some support where I have have the gentleman deal with this phase, An analysis of the committee bill been able to reach them. The warnings the enforcement phase of the proposed
·FAIR EMPLOYMENT PRACTICES COMMISSION-AN FAIR EMPLOYMENT PRACTICES COMMISSION-AN H. R. 6668 (HAYS) ANALYSIS AND COMPARISON OF H. R. 6668 AND ANALYSIS AND COMPARISON OF H. R. 6668 AND (2) Foster good will, cooperation and con H. R. 6841, EIGHTY-FIRST CONGRESS H, R. 6841, EIGHTY-FIRST CONGRESS ciliation in their areas through community H. R. 6668 (HAYS) H. R. 6841 (M'CONNELL) effort or otherwise; and A. Name of act (sec. 1): Minorities Em A. Na.me of a.ct (sec. 1): Fair Employment (3) Make recommendations to the Secre ployment Act. Practices Act. · tary with respect to his functions under the B. Daclaration of policy (sec. 2) : Declares B. Findings and declaration of policy "(sec. act. · it to be the policy of the United Sti;i.tes: 2): Dacia.res that the denying of employment Council members are to be citizens of the 1. To eliminate discrimination because of opportunities and discrimination against area, serve without pay and be assisted by race, religion, color, national origin, or an properly qualified persons by reason of race, technical and clerical employees appointed cest ry in regard to: (a) opportunity for em creed, or color deprives the United States of by the Secretary without regard to civil ployment; (b) tenure, terms or conditions of the fullest utilization of its capacities for service laws. employment; (c) membership in lapor or production, and defense, and burdens, hin H. National Advisory Council (sec. 6): The ganizations; and ders and obstructs commerce. Declares it to Secretary may create a National Adviwry 2·. To encourage to the fullest possible ex be the policy of the United States to elimi Council on Minority Problems composed of tent a policy of nondiscrimination through nate discrimination because of race, creed, or 7 members representing employees, employ out industry. color in employment relations. ers and the public with equal representa C. Administering agency (sec. 3): The Sec C. Administering agency (sec. 3): Creates tion as between employees and employers. retary of Labor (creates a Minorities Em a Fair Employment Practices Commission The National Advisory Council shall ployment Bureau to perform functions dele composed of five members appointed by the ( 1) Consult with the Secretary; and gated to it by the Secretary; see F, below). President with advice of the Senate for 5- (2) make recommendations to the Secre year' terms. tary in regard to his functions under the act. D. Functions of the Secretary (sec. 3) : The D. Powers and duties of the Commission I. None. Secretary shall- (sec. 3) : The powers of the Commission shall (1) Receive and investigate complaints be to- charging discrimination because of race, re (1) Appoint offi:!ers and employees; ligion, color, etc., in regard to employment (2) Cooperate with and utilize regional, opportunities; tenure, terms, or conditions State, local, and other agencies and to use of employment; or membership in a labor volunteer and uncompensated services; J. None. organization; (3) Pay witnesses the same fees as in (2) Endeavor by mediation and concilia United States courts; tion to eliminate any discrimination; ( 4) Make, amend, and rescind in such (3) Investigate and . study .the character, manner as prescribed by the Administrative causes, and extent of discrimination in Procedure Act, rules and regulations to <;:arry general; out the act; ( 4) Study the best methods to eliminate (5) Serve processes and other papers, etc.; discrimination and formulate plans to that and K. Annual report (sec. 7): The Secretary end; (6) Make technical studies to effectuate shall submit to Congress and tne· President (5) Publish and disseminate the results of the purposes of the act. an annual report covering his activities under such studies and investigations (exempted The duties of the Commission shall be to the act together with such further informa from sec. 306, Penalty Mail Act of 1948 (62 (sec. 4)- tion and recommendations for further legis Stat. 1049) · which prohibits distribution of ( 1) Make comprehensive studies of dis lation as he deems advisable. Government documents without a prior re crimination in various sections of the coun quest therefor) ; and try and of the best methods of eliminating it; (6) Cooperate with employees, labor organ (2) Formulate plans in cooperation with izations, and private and public agencies to interested public and private agencies for its formulate programs, educational and other elimination; wise, to eliminate discrimination. (3) Publish reports relating to elimination of discrimination; ( 4) Cooperate with and furnish technical assistance to . employers, labor unions, and BASING-POINT SYSTEM-~RYLAND THE other public and private agencies; GAINER BY ENDING THE SYSTEM-SU (5) Receive and investigate complaints; PREME COURT.DECISION AN ECONOMIC and BLESSING, INSTEAD OF A CALAMITY, AS (6) Make specific and detailed recommen ALLEGED-MARYLAND'S EXPERIENCE dations to interested parties for the elimi TYPICAL-REGIONAL EXPANSION RE· nation of discrimination. The investigatory powers of the Commis- SULTS FROM ENDING THE BASING: sion shall be to (sec. 5)- POINT SYSTEM-IMPARTIAL SURVEY · (1) Examine and copy evidence; AND REPORT MADE BY MARYLAND (2) Issue subpenas; STATE PLANNING COMMISSION . (3) Administer oaths, examine witnesses, receive eVidence, and conduct investigations; Mr. PATMAN. Mr. Speaker, I ask and unanimous consent to address the House (4) Apply to United States district courts for 2 minutes, revise and extend my re to enforce subpenas, etc., against contuma marks, and include a statement. cious persons. The SPEAKER. Is there objection to E. None. E,. Self-incrimination (sec. 5 (f)): No per the request of the gentleman from son shall be excused from testifying or pro Texas? ducing evidence in obedience to a subpena on There was no objection. the ground that the testim9ny or evidence may tend to incriminate him or subject him Mr. PATMAN. Mr. Speaker, the Mary to a penalty or forfeiture but no such per land State Planning Commission has is son shall be prosecuted or subjected to any sued a report which is of great signifi penalty or forfeiture on account of such cance in the basing-point controversy. testimony or evidence except perjury in so The report is entitled "Survey of the testifying. Impact off. o. b. Mill Pricing on Mary F. Minorities Employment Bureau (sec. F. None. land Manufacturers." I have asked for 4): Creates a Minor_ities Employment Bureau within the Department of Labor headed by a an analysis and summary of this report, Director appointed by the President with which I am pleased to insert in the the advice of the Senate to perform dele RECORD, with the permission of the gated duties under the supervision of the House, as part of my extended remarks. Secretary of Labor. MARYLAND BENEFITS FROM ELIMINATION OF G. Local advisory councils (sec. 5): The G. None. BASING-POINT SYSTEM Secretary of Labor .may create local, regional or State advisory councils to- In November 1949 the Maryland State ( 1) Study the general problem of dis Planning Commission issued a report crimination and investigate specific instances titled "Survey of. the Impact of f. o. b. in their respective areas; Mill Pricing· on Maryland Manufactur- 1950 .CQN_GRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 2107
H. R. 6841 (M'CONNELL) of the restrictive effects of the basing adversely affected if an f. o. b. mill-pricing point system. system were made compulsory, but the ad verse effects should not be large. On the One feature which greatly enhances other hand, one might expect a slight expan the usefulness of the Maryland study is sion in the paper, cement, and lime indus the simplicity with which it handles the tries, which might more than overbalance legal issues involved in the present bas any loss in chemicals or metal fatricating. ing-point controversy. It avoids the un The one industry that would be very no certainties which might arise from vary ticeably affected by a shift to compulsory ing understandings as to what forms of f. o. b. mill pricing is the iron. and steel freight absorption and phantom freight industry.· Maryland steel manufacturers are legal and under what circumstances. could greatly benefit by f. o. b. mill pricing. H. None. An expansion of over 50 percent in Mary In short, it avoids the questions of which, land's steel capacity is a reasonable guess if any, Maryland manufacturers might if the basing-point system is abolished in be participating in an illegal pricing favor of f. o. b. mill pricing. scheme. The investigators simply asked Of course, while over-all sales or employ themselves, and asked the Maryland ment in an industry may not be seriously manufacturers, what the effect would be affected, a large reshuffling or swapping of if all industry sold f. o. b. mill. As it customers may well occur under f. o. b. mill turns out, a majority of the industries of pricing. The local mill will tend to sell the State would not be affected at all by products in or near Maryland and, where I. Discrimination in employment by the possible, to buy supplies from local producers. Federal Government (sec. 6): The Commis such pricing. Products of these indus This "drawing in" of sales by local pro sion shall make a study of discrimination in tries are now marketed in the same way ducers will tend to minimize transportation the Federal Government and recommend to agricultural commodities are sold; that costs, and, consequently, many local firms Congress a specific plan for its elimination is, the producer does not absorb freight will either realize a larger average mill-net together with the necessary legislation. and, conversely, does not charge phan price or will lower their f. o. b. mill prices J. Willful interference with Commission tom freight. A producer's net price, ex so that customers will be able to purchase agents (sec. 7) : To forcibly resist, oppose, clusive of freight, is the same at any more cheaply, or a combination of both will impede, intimidate or interfere with a mem particular time for all buyers. Similarly, occur. This minimization of transportation ber, agent, or employee of the Commission cost might conceivably result in lower prices in the performance of duties under the act these industries do not depend upon sup to the final consumer or a larger take-home or because of the same is punishable by a plies or materials which are sold on a pay for the Maryland industrial worker, or $5,000 fine and ; or imprisonment for not basing-point system or zone-price basis, both. more than 1 year or both. or the materials which they do buy on A point-by-point summary of the effect on K. Annual report (sec. 4 (b)): The Com such a basis are so unimportant that a Maryland follows: mission shall submit to Congress and the shift to f. o. b. pricing would not affect 1. A major portion of Maryland manufac President an annual report describing in de their production costs. These industries turers )"ill not experience any effect because: tail the investigations, proceedings, and hear (a) They do not sell on any identical deliv ings it has conducted and their outcome, are as follows: Food and kindred prod ucts; tobacco; textile mill products; ap ered-price system; and (b) they purchase. the decisions it has rendered and the other little or no Eupplies from fii·ms selling on a work performed by it and may make such parel and other finished products; furni basing-point or zone system. recommendations for further legislation as ture and fixtures; printing, publishing, 2. Other manufacturers who sell on a may appear desirable. The Commission may and allied industries; leather and leather basing-point or zone system will experience make such other recommendations to the products; machinery and transportation only a slight loss or gain in sales because the President or any Federal agency as deemed equipment; professional, scientific, and result of swapping customers with competi necessary to effectuate the purposes of the controlling instruments; miscellaneous tors will tend to balance. That is, the loss act. industries. of distant customers will be balanced by the On the other hand, several Maryland gain in local purchasers. ers." This is a factual report prepared 3. Manufacturers who purchase a major by the staff of the Maryland State Plan industries would be, or have been, af portion of their supplies from firms selling nlng Commission. It is based in part fected by a shift to f. o. b. mill pricing on a zone or basing-point system will shift upon replies to some 1,000 questionnaires either because of their own selling meth their sources of supply to the nearest pro sent out in July 1949 to manufacturers ods, or because of the selling methods of ducer wherever possible. If the nearest sup the industries from which they obtain plier is not in a position to fill orders placed act:ounting for 87· percent of the total supplies. Some of these would be af by a manufacturer, or will not supply him industrial employees in Maryland. It fected in very slight degree, some in more for any other reason, the manufacturer may is also based upon actual market data important degrees. In some instances, experience an increase in the cost of supplies. for several industries; that is, the known 4. The steel industry may expand as much the effects would be disadvantageous to as 50 percent in the next 10 years, because qu2.ntities of certain products produced Maryland manufacturers; in other in in the State and the known quantities of the apparent deficit production on the east stances they would be advantageous to coast. of these products purchased or consumed Maryland manufacturers. Those indus within the State and within adjoining 5. Transportation costs . will tend to be tries which would be affected in any de minimized, thereby causing larger mill-net market areas. gree are as follows: Iron ·and steel; lum receipts, or lower prices to ·consumers, or This report should be of interest not ber and wood products; fabricated metal both. merely to Members of Congress from the products; paper and allied products; 6. Baltimore City, Baltimore County, and State of Maryland; it should be of in chemicals and allied products; rubber Anne Arundel County' may experience an terest to all Members of Congress in their and allied products; stone, clay, and glass increase in employment as a result of ex deliberations upon the pending legisla pansion in the steel industry. The total tion to legalize the basing-point system products. increase in employment as a result of ex of pricing, Senate bill 1008. While the On the whole, manufacturers, em pansion in the steel industry could be over factual data presented are applicable ployees, and consumers would benefit 10,000 directly, and many more indirectly. only to Maryland, and to some extent to from the elimination of unnecessary 7. The other sections of Maryland should transportation costs, and from a general not be noticeably affected, favorably or other eastern seaboard and New England adversely. States, these data will serve in an illus industrial expansion. But on this point trative way to clear up many of the gen the report speaks for itself. The sum- SPECIAL ORDER GRANTED eral misapprehensions concerning the ·mary of the findings appearing on pages Mr. HARRIS. Mr. Speaker, I ask effects of the Cement and Rigid Steel 81 and 82 is as follows: unanimous consent that on Thursday Conduit decisions upon other areas of The study of the effect on the Maryland next, after the legislative business of the the couIJ.try. One of the quite pointed manufacturers of a compulsory shift to day and any other special orders hereto f, o. b. mill pricing has indicated that a lessons demonstrated by these data is the major portion of the manufacturing Indus- · fore entered, the gentleman from Ala general industrial expansion and the in tries of the State will be affected very bama [Mr. BOYKIN l may address the creased volume of industrial investment slightly. House for 40 minutes, and that he may which will be possible throughout the Some sections of the chemical and fabri revise and extend his remarks on that country, provided industry can be ridded cated-metals industry could very well be occasion. 2108 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE FEBRUARY 21 The SPEAKER. Is there objection to and I apply that position to FEPC. I to this problem. That does not change the request of the gentleman from say that it is gradualism to come here, the validity of the opposition to the Arkansas? as the gentleman from Arkansas [Mr. policy of gradualism because the Com There was no objection. HAYS] does, and advocate·merely a state munists oppose it. If the Communists EXTENSION OF REMARKS ment of policy. You cannot have any opposed nudist colonies the gentleman guaranty against discrimination in em would be in favor of them. Mr. HORAN asked and was given per ployment unless you do give the Fair Mr. KEEFE. But your Communist mission to extend his remarks in the Employment Practice Commission the friends advocate them and def end them P,EcORD in two instances and include power to apply for and obtain cease and time and time again. newspaper articles. desist orders. That is the committee Mr. MARCANTONIO. The gentle , Mr. CUNNINGHAM asked and was bill. The gentleman's substitute, as well man must be an expert on this subject. ·ven permission to extend his remarks as the substitute of the gentleman from Mr. KEEFE. That is exactly what . · the RECORD and include a letter from Pennsylvania [Mr. McCONNELL], do not they advocated, nudist colonies. , a constituent. provide for enforcement and are there Mr. MARCANTONIO. Then if the SPECIAL ORDER GRANTED fore gradualism. I am opposed to that Communists condemned them the gen because I oppose inequality. I am not for Mrs. ROGERS of Massachusetts asked tleman would also advocate nudist 50 percent equality. I am not for 90 per colonies. He says the Communists are and was given permission to address the cent equality, because anything less than House for 8 minutes on Thursday next, opposed to gradualism and because the 100 percent equality is not equality. Communists oppose gradualism, there following the legislative business of the There is only one kind of equality, I say day, and any other special orders hereto fore, gradualism is good. So if Com to the gentleman from Wisconsin, and munists opposed nudist colonies the fore entered. that is 100 percent full equality. Call it gentleman would rather have them. FEPC communism, call it what you please, but That is how sound his argument is. Mr. MARCANTONIO. Mr. Speaker, I that is the only solution to this problem. That is his super logic, but that is not ask unanimous consent to proceed for 5 Now I yield to the gentleman from the point. The gentleman has left him• minutes. Wisconsin. self wide open. Here is what it is. It The SPEAKER. Is there objection to Mr. KEEFE. May I say to the distin is the crux of the entire argument be- the request of the gentleman from New guished gentleman from New York that · tween him and me. York? the speech which the gentleman from The gentleman says that I injected There was no objection. Arkansas made was dedicated to the extraneous matters into this discussion, Mr. MARCANTONIO. Mr. Speaker, I proposition that involves fair employ that I was injecting the question of would not have taken the floor except for ment practices legislation to come before segregation and Jim Crow. The gentle the insistence of the gentleman from this House tomorrow. The gentleman man says that is · extraneous. This Wisconsin [Mr. KEEFE] that my remarks, from New York, as he always does, at demonstrates how shallow his argument injected into the speech delivered by the tempted to pervert the purposes of that is. Is it extraneous? Is FEPC extrane very able gentleman from Arkansas [Mr. argument so as to include an extraneous ous to Jim Crow and segregation? Are HAYS], be pin pointed. What is it ex argument relating to segregation and we not dealing with Jim Crow and segre actly that he wants to have pin pointed? Jim Crowism. gation when we are dealing with the First, that I criticiZed the gentleman's Mr. MARCANTONIO. I have heard problem of discrimination in employ position as one of gradualism. I do not the gentleman; I will answer him. ment? The two are simply different know if the gentleman from Wisconsin Mr. KEEFE. I jus·t want to answer phases of the same problem: One is the heard my remarks fully. I make no the gentleman from New York. phase in the industrial life of the Nation; apology for them. I reassert them now Mr. MARCANTONIO. I wish to con Jim Crow and segregation exists in the in the hope that he will understand tinue my answer. industrial life, and FEPC is aimed at them. Mr. KEEFE. Mr. Speaker, I ask the that; so, Jim Crow and segregation are I pointed out that the policy of grad gentleman to yield; he used my name. not extraneous to this problem; and the ualism has brought us nowhere in this Mr. MARCANTONIO. Very well; I fact that the gentleman from Wisconsin problem, and that not a single piece of will yield to the gentleman, although I says that they are. extraneous demon civil, rights legislation has come out of do not have to. This is my time and I do strates that the gentleman from Wiscon this Congress since 1875; that the ob not have to yield to him, but I will. sin does not have any real understanding jectives of the men who fought for free Mr. KEEFE. I would like the gentle-· of the whole issue involved. He has a dom in the Civil War have been com- man to understand, and the record is superficial attitude toward this issue. . pletely negated since 1875; that one of clear, that the poiµt at issue is not Jim This issue is much more fundamental the greatest travesties of the history of Crowism or segregation. When he states than FEPC. FEPC is just a phase of it. this country is the calumny that has that, he is stating something which the This issue goes back to the days of been heaped on the men who fought to record will not sustain and which my the thirteenth amendment. When the carry out and fulflll the objectives for record in this Congress will not sustain, thirteenth amendment was under con which many men died in the Civil War. as the gentleman well knows. The gen sideration that issue was raised in this The gentleman infers that it is com tleman has admitted that this gradual House by a man whose memory has been munism to insist, as I have been insist ist policy which he objects to faces the done violence here and by Hollywood, ing, that there must be an end to Jim very objection that the Communists of · Thaddeus Stevens; and it was raised by Crow; that you can never solve this this country have urged .time and time Republicans, by real Republicans, the proble~ by degrees, by gradualism. The again, which they have urged in their anniversary of whose leader you have Negro people have waited too long and writings and in their speeches. They are just been celebrating this last week. have suffered too much under Jim Crow opposed to the gradualist policy. Those real Republicans stated right here to wait for the success of gradualistic The SPEAKER. The time of the gen in this House that emancipation meant solutions. He implies that I am intol tleman from New York has expired. nothing if there was no economic imple erant. I am intolerant. I am intoler Mr. MARCANTONIO. Mr. Speaker, I mentation; in other words, you did not ant of any one who would tolerate con ask unanimous consent to ·proceed for free the Negro if you did not give him ditions of segregation and Jim Crow. I five additional minutes. full equality and the wherewithal with am intolerant of inequality. I am in The SPEAKER. Is there objection to which to live. It was proposed right here tolerant of those Jim Crow conditions, tbe request of the gentleman from New in this House by Thaddeus Stevens that and I shall continue to do all that I can 'York? every emancipated slave be given a in my limited capacity to destroy them. There was no objection. 40-acre farm and a mule. It would have So, if that is intolerance, if it is com . The SPEAKER. The gentleman from .meant breaking up the big landed feudal munistic, as the gentleman from Wiscon- . New York is recognized for five addi ism of over 200 acres. Radical, is it not? sin would call it, then all I can say about tional minutes. If that policy had been adopted, if it is that I accept that charge. I do it Mr. MARCANTONIO. I think the there had been no betrayal of the ideals with pride. There is a fundamental dif gentleman from Wisconsin has answered for which men died in that Civil War, ference of opinion between us. ·I simply himself. The Communists are opposed we would not be having this problem say that I prefer to stand by my position to a policy of gradualism with respect · here today, You would not be having, 1950 '~ CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 2109 for instance, the so-called· Black Belt of Mr. SPEAKER. Is there objection to colored people themeselves are located the South with 5,000,000 Negroes ex the request of the gentleman from Wis substantially in one area in the great city ploited and subjected to the vilest form consin? of New York. of racism, with 180 counties in which There was no objection. I do not know what the answer ls un- · the Negro people constitute a majority Mr. JUDD. Mr. Speaker, will the less it is education, constant and ever ranging from 50 to 85 percent, subjected · gentleman yield? lasting education, and the opportunity to the Bourbon rule of a minority. Mr. KEEFE. I yield to the gentleman given to the colored people of this coun What is this business you are perpet from Minnesota. try to se.cure education and the right to uating? You.have perpetuated a politi Mr. JUDD. I should like to make this prepare themselves for economic ad cal and social and economic scheme to comment on what the gentleman from vancement in their jobs and in their po deprive the Negro people of the democ New York has said. He apparently sitions, and I have fought for that very racy to which they are entitled, to de equates legislation with social progress. situation as the gentleman well knows in prive them of that political power with He implies that because no legislation my work as a Member of the Congress which. they can protect themselves from has been enacted on civil rights since to see to it that they have opportunity economic slavery. So this system has · 1875, there has been no progress in civil for advancement, and I have not got over been solidified, it has been perpetuated. rights for the Negro people in this coun two or three colored people in my district. Do you want to deal with that system try. Yet no people 'in history has made I am not motivated by political implica gradually? Do you want to temporize more progress in education, health, bet tions nor by political expediency, per with it? Do you want the bill of the ter living standards and employment a:t haps, as some Members are who have gentleman from Pennsylvania or the bill skilled, as well as unskilled, employment large foreign-born populations in their offered by the gentleman from Arkansas than the Negro peopie have made in this districts to whom they must constantly which says that we declare for the prin country in the last 90 years. Everyone appeal in order to get votes. ciple of eq:iality here in this Congress admits the task is far from complete So, when I made the statement which but we refuse to enforce that. principle; and there is a long way to go, but it is I did this afternoon as to the attitude we refuse to l:lave any power given to not right to allow the impression to go of Communists-you find it in book after the Federal ·Government to step in. The out that lack of legislation on this point · book, paper after paper, speech after gentleman from Minnesota [Mr. JUDD] mP-ans no progress has been made. speech, all of which are part of the rec made .a statement. Maybe I misunder Mr. KEEFE. That is exactly why I otds of this Congress, it indicates that as stood him. He referred to it as a police asked for this time to answer the spu one. of the basic party lines, "We are state system? Does the gentleman think rious argument of the gentleman from through with gradualism; we cannot wait that is a police-state system? Did the New York which I have heard him re for constitutional processes to take gentleman refer to it as a police-state peat .almost weekly ever since I have been a Member of Congress, 12 years. place." They advocate the sharp break system? There is ncthing new in the statements of revolution and they have done so for Mr. JUDD. No; I did not. of the gentleman from New York. He years, and the gentleman well knows it, The SPEAKER. The time of the gen-· has been making the same type of argu and that is one of the fundamentals of tleman from New York has expired. · ment in all the years I have been here the Communist Party line. I am · sur Mr. MARCANTONIO. Mr. Speaker, I and the remarks which he has made are prised to hear him attack the integrity, ask unanimous consent to proceed for an indictment, whether he meant it or if you please, of the gentleman from one additional minute. not, of the colored people of this country Arkansas, because he has the courage to The SPEAKER. Is there objection to whom he attempts to champion. He stand here and advocate what he has the request of the gentleman from New' let-the impression go out that there has described as a policy of gradualism. I York? b3en little or no progress since 1875 be wm say to the gentleman that in my There was no objection. cause he challenges the fact that the humble opinion, from my observations Mr. MARCANTONIO. Mr. Speaker, Congress of the United States has not of this problem in the North and in the the struggle that is going on here in ref legislatively developed this program in South, if the people were to follow the erence to FEPC is an old struggle. It accordance with his concept as to what leadership of the gentleman from New goes back to the very establishment of ought to have been done. He fails to York, the minorities would be in a much slavery in the United States. We wit realize that this whole great question is worse position than they are at the pres nessed that struggle in the enunciation one of human relationships, and I say to ent tinie by following the policy that has of the Declaration of Independence, we him that the colored people of this coun been indulged in all these years, which witnessed the debate on continuation of try have made tremendous strides eco has lifted the economic opportunity of the slave trade in the Constitutional nomically, physically, mentally, morally, these minority groups, and is gradually Convention, we witnessed the debates in spiritually, and every other way beyond breaking down the age-old intolerance Congress. You remember the Dred any comparable race that I know of any that has existed and, may I say to the Scott decision which said that no Negro where. And, they have done it because gentleman in my humble opinion, when had any right that any white man must they have had the courage and the am you attempt to jam it down · the throats respect. We saw Americans shed their bition even in the face of frustration, by force you are attempting to create just blood in the Civil War to wipe out that which I well know about and which the what the gentleman from Minnesota well vicious decision of our Supreme Court. gentleman from New York knows I have described as the utilization of police state But then all that was negated. A presi tried in my humble way to eliminate in methods. I do not want any part of that dential election took place, the Tilden various aspects of this problem. They so far as I am concerned. Hayes election, a dubious presidential still have made tremendous progress and . The SPEAKER. The time of the gen election which was won only by agreeing they have been encouraged to make that tleman from Wisconsin has expired. to the withdrawal of Federal troops from progress gradually just as the States and LEAVE OF ABSENCE the South and as a result the imple the citizens of those States have gone mentation of emancipation, the eco along with the gradual policy of provid By unanimous consent, leave of ab nomic, political, and social implementing ing security, economic and otherwise, for · sence was granted as follows: of that emancipation.was stopped. Since the colored people of this country. To. Mr. BARING By Mr. BENNETT af Florida: designed for national bureaucratic control; MESSAGES FROM THE PRESIDENT H. R. 7390. A bill for the relief of Erika to the Committee on Interstate and Foreign Kuebart and her minor son; to the Commit Commerce. · Messages in writing from the President tee on the Judiciary. · 1889. Also, memorial of the General Court of the United States submitting nomina By Mr. BRAMBLETT: of Massachusetts, to remove existing taxes tions were communicated to the Senate H. R. 7391. A bill for the relief of Bernard on admissions to high-school athletic con by Mr. Hawks, one of his secretaries. R. Novak; to the Committee on the Judiciary. tests or athletic contests conducted by chari MESSAGE FROM THE HOUSE By Mr. DINGELL: table and nonprofit organizations; to the H. R. 7392. A bill for the relief of Columbus Committee on Ways and Means. · A message from the House of Repre Finley; to the Committee on the Judiciary. 1890. By the SPEAKER: Petition of Wel sentatives, by Mr. Maurer, one of its read By Mr. HA VENNER: don Chambers, president, Brown County local ing clerks, announced that the House had H. R. 7393. A bill for the relief of Francisco unit, Texas State Teachers Association, passed the bill