SOME DEVONIAl~ STROMATOPOROIDS
FROM ESTERHAZY SHAFT, SASKATCHEWAN
By
Dasharathlal Hiralal_Qhah
B. Sc. (Hons.); M. Sc., (M. S. Uni. Baroda, India)
A thesis
submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Science in Geo1ogy in the Department of Geo1ogica1 Sciences at the McGill University Montreal
August, 1966.
i 1 1 1 1 ® Dasharathla1 Hira1a1 Shah 1967 ,1 ,.1 .. ,. , .... _... , .. -_.-, . _. .._------_._--_ .... -. 1 " f." TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
INTRODUC TION
Purpose l Location 2 Plan 2 Method of Study 4 Acknow1edgernent 4
STRA TIGRAPHY
Introduction 6 Stratigraphie Discussion of the Esterhazy Fauna 6
PALEONTOLOGY
(\~ STROMA TOPOROIDEA 16 Genus Anosty1~str~ 18 Genus Harnrnatostroma 23 Genus Actinostroma 26 Genus Trupetostroma 34 Genus Stachyodes 48 Genus Ferestromatopora 53 Genus Strornatopora 57 Genus Syringostroma 63 Genus Para11e1opora 66 Genus Clathrocoilona 70
APPENDIX l 72
APPENDIX il 77
BIBLIOGRAPHY 89
J;lLATES 95 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS C':·, Page
FIGURES
1. Location of Area 3 2. Geological Section of Esterhazy Shaft 7
TABLES
1 Surnmary of lithologies in Devonian part of Esterhazy (Gerald #3) Shaft above the Prairie Evaporite Formation 9
Il Ranges of Stromatoporoid species in the Esterhazy Shaft 11
III A comparison of the fauna of Esterhazy Shaft with that of the Beaverhill Lake Formation, Fairholme Formation, Waterways Formation: Southern Northwest Territories and Northern Alberta. (Upper Devonian), Redwater Reef of (f' Leduc Formation (=Cooking Lake). 13 "'> IV The thickness and spacing of 1aminae and pi1lars in Actinostroma clathraturn Nicholson 30
V The occurrence of Actinostroma clathraturn Nicholson· 33
PLATES
1. Anostylostroma cf. ancolurnna Tyler 95 2. Hammatostroma CyStoSUIn n. sp. 96 3. Hammatostroma CyStOSUIn n. sp. 97 Actinostroma clathraturn Nicholson 4. Actinostroma clathraturn Nicholson 98 5. Actinostroma c1athraturn Nicholson 99 Trupetostroma cf. warreni Parks 6. Trupetostroma cf. warreni Parks 100 Trupetostroma ? raricystosUIn Galloway and St. Jean Trupetostroma coalescens Gal10way and St. Jean Trupetostroma porosurn Lecompte (~') 7. Trupetostroma porosurn Lecompte 101 Trupetostroma cervimontanurn Stearn (~ LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS (cont'd)
Page
PLATES
8. Syringostroma ? confertw:n Stearn 102 Trupetostroma sp. Stachyodes costulat~ Lecompte Stachyodes cf. thomasc1arki Stearn
9. Stachyodes cf. thomasclarki Stearn 103 Ferestromatopora parksi Stearn Stromatopora 1aminosa Lecompte
10. Stromatopora cooperi Lecompte 104
Il. Stromatopora cooperi Lecompte 105 Para11elopora pellucida Yavorsky Clathrocoilona sp. o ABSTRACT
M. Sc. Dasharathlal Hiralal Shah Department of Geological Sciences
Sorne Devonian Stromatoporoids from Esterhazy Shaft, Saskatchewan
Stromatoporoids from the Esterhazy Shaft, Saskatchewan,
collected from the Duperow formation (lower Upper Devonian),
Souris River formation, First Red Bed and Dawson Bay formation
(Middle Devonian) are found between depths of 1,987 feet and 3,058.9
feet.
The stromatoporoid faunas are represented by species of
Anostylostroma and Ham.matostroma of the faxnily Clathrodictyidae;
Actinostroma and Trupetostroma of the Actinostromatidae; Stachyodes
of the Idiostromatidae and Ferestromatopora, Stromatopora, Syringo-
stroma, Para11elopora and Clathrocoilona of the Stromatoporidae.
A new species of Ham.matostroma (H. CyStoSUIIl) and sixteen other
species are described.
() ()
IN TRODUC TION
()
.-....••_".~. __ , .L~.' ...... •• _", ______' •• _. -- ~~~' .. ( ) INTRODUCTION
Purpose: Stromatoporoid species collected from lower
Upper Devonian and Middle Devonian formations of Esterhazy Shaft
are described.
The Prairie evaporite is the largest potash deposit known
to the world today. Esterhazy is the largest, most modern potash
mine in the world with a present capacity of Z million tons of
finished product per year (target in mid~1967 is 3.5 million tons
per year) operated by International Minerals and Chemical Corpora-
tion. Although a great deal is known and published concerning the
Prairie Evaporite, shaft-sinking tec1miques, mining methods and
equipment used at 1. M. C. 's Esterhazy Shaft, potash products and
their uses on a global scale, strangely little has been published on
the organisms - -stromatoporoids - -which occur in the associated
Stromatoporoid specimens were collected by a local
collector for the Geological Survey of Canada from limestone
dug out of the Esterhazy Shaft between the depths of 1,987 feet
and 3,059 feet including the Duperow formation, Souris River
formation, First Red Bed, and Dawson Bay formation, allof
Devonian age. The collector sampled the rocks brought out of () 1 2 () the shaft periodically and labelled the collections with the level at
which digging was taking place.
The stromatoporoid fauna described here, although large,
probably represents only a small part of the species actually
present in the shaft. Poor preservation in some and sarnpling
are the possible reasons for this. Seventeen species of stromato-
poroids are present. in the Esterhazy Shaft collection.
Location: Esterhazy Shaft, operated by International
Minerals and Chemical (Canada) Limited, is located 12 miles , , northeast of Esterhazy (longitude 1020 8 .:.; .. ~ and latitude 50 0 45
'), Eastern Saskatchewan; 20 miles from the Manitoba border
and 130 miles north of the Canadian--U. S. boundary (see Figure 1).
Plan: The Esterhazy Shaft area reveals the stratigraphy
of Devonian beds in which the stromatoporoids occur. The present
study does not attempt any paleontological correlation or paleoeco-
logical study but presents the systematic stromatoporoid paleonto-
logy of Devonian formations in the shaft. Seventeen species of
stromatoporoids, including one new, are described.
Appendix l lists the stratigraphie horizon, depth of sample
from collar of shaft, sample nurnber, and stromatoporoid species
identified. Appendix II, compiled from the core log data describes C>, the rock types. r-- ~ n
~! 0 1010 105° 104° 103° 102
51° 51°
Qu'Appelle
50° 50° 1 I~" 3 ..... " '""' l'\ \ 1
1 (1)1 Carlyle ~Is: AI]> ]>'2 -i1-(') -i :1: 10 m lCD :El]> ]>1 21 '1 1 1 ___. ______.-1--- 49 0 49° 0 1020 1010 105 1040 U. S. A. 1030
Scale: 1": 32 miles
VJ Fig. l, Location of Area 4
() Method of Study: The study of stromatoporoids requires
1) the examination of the external morphological
features,
2) the examination of vertical skeletal elements,
3) the examination of horizontal skeletal elements,
The last two require oriented thin sections.
Two thin-sections were prepared of each specimen, one
vertical, perpendicular to the plane of the coenosteurn, the other
parallel to the surface of the coenosteurn. These sections must
be precisely oriented. The thin-section study was made Wlder a
stereo microscope with 10 and 40 times magnification. The record
of measurements of all skeletal elements is made with a graduated-
millimeter eyepiece. In the systematic paleontology the measure-
ments described are either averages or mean values or the full
range of size -variation.
Acknowledgment: The author is most grateful to Prof.
c. W. Stearn for his able guidance, encouragement, ever wi1ling
help provided during the completion of the thesis and also for his
painstaking corrections and constructive suggestions to improve
the thesis. The author is also sincerely thankful to J. E. Gill,
Chairman of the Department of Geological Sciences for the various
facilities provided. To Prof. E. W. Mountjoy the author is much ( " . ' obliged. 5 c) The author is thankful to the National Research Council under whose grant the study was carried out.
Special thanks are due to Mr. H. D. Strain of 1. M. C.
(Canada) Ltd., for providing his unpublished geological
data of the Esterhazy Potash Deposit.
The author further wishes to express his most
sincere thanks to Prof. S. S. Merh, Head of Geology De
partment, M. S. University of Baroda, Baroda, (lndia) for
his advice.
To Manjuia, wife of the author the credit is due
for ably shouldering the family responsibilities in lndia and
the most needed constant encouragement.
.' C) STRATIGRAPHY
.( )
---'------.----:------"1------ï-··--- .---.-.------_.. - " . •"!:'. , STRATIGRAPHY
Introduction
The general stratigraphy Qf the shaft (the Devonian part)
is given in Table I.
The strata of the sediInentary basin of Western Canada
dip gently to the south and west, away from the Canadian Shield,
at an average of less than 30 feet per mile. The regional dip at
the Esterhazy Shaft, potash beds and overlying strata is 30 to 40
feet per mile to the southwest into the Western Canada Basin
Stromatoporoids occur in the Duperow formation (Upper
Devonian), Souris River, First Red Bed and Dawson Bay formations
(Middle Dewnian). The core log of the Esterhazy Shaft (Gerald #3)
has been obtained from Joseph Y. Wright, Geologist of International
Minerals and Chemical (Canada) LiInited, Esterhazy, Saskatchewan.
Generalized descriptions of the rock types compiled from the core
log appear in Appendix II. A graphic section, prepared from .the
::;a:me core data is shown in Fig 2.
Stratigraphic Discussion of the Esterhazy Fauna:
The s tromatoporoid fauna des cribed here, al though large,
probably represents onlya small part of the species actually present ( ) 6 7 (:,
GEOLOGICAL SECTION OF ESTERHAZY SHAFT
.... ;. ...J c c 0 0 .... .- 0 -a E E a'- lL. ~olL. ~ 0 ::1 "- ..:.: Q) (JI ·0 ·0 .- "0 ·0 0 a. "0 "0 :J 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 N~ 0 ~- ' T /- V ... ~ ::/.: /- 7-- fe~~f~~~~~f" 2,600' AAAAAAAAAAAAAAA If/-L. T r... r... r... ..-A ..-" .. A .. A··"'·k "7 Z. "./ -/. INDEX 1/ V V V XX X/< 1 1 1 1 PII?I Limestone 7/// 2,700' ///// "+"+"1-1.... 1·· .. 1· .. · Limestone a shale .AAAA "77 L ./ /' Souris Formation A A" A" Limestone a anhydrite z A A A A A Af A A&A.AA&AI' AA "" " c:::r 7' 7' / 10 5 "A Dolomite z A o fA/A AA/" A"""" A"." [kkkk9 Dolomitic limestone > A A A A A A A A A A AAA 2,800' I.&J "7 ./ / /. b7Z7~ Dolomitic shale o A AA A A A -A VA"".AI""""A~AA Dolomitic anhydrite / / / / ~ I.&J > • ..J Dolomitic argillite o V//// o ~ .-/-.-/-.-7"-~ First Red Bed Anhydrite ~ :7_::;;'''':; .-/- .-,.r- 2,900 ~ .2!: IfJ-;Ai Anhydrite a shale 1 _, ~ L. Shale ;oc: (...... '1 Mudstone (carbonate) V//// Dawson Bay ...... Formation ~A"""AI.. A.. ".. Mudstone anhydrite v 1" 1" L.- \., L.- 3,000' 1 T Il 1 1. ~ok0l&a Dolomitic limestone conglomerate Til 1 1 1 ôkok9 T., T., 1:, r... J., .1-_ ~kAktlAt;Ak A Dolomitic limestone a anhydrite L, 1". L-- ~ ~ Calcarenite with sand-grains a fossil fragments [7///L [~JI~J~J'1-' 1.' 1 Second Red Bed Missing core ~. _.- _. -' _.-:;: 8&1 3,100 • Prairie Evaporite Form at ion Fig. 2 (Xl 0, j"-". 1 (1 TABLE l SUMMARY OF LITHOLOGIES IN DEVONIAN PART OF ESTERHAZY (GERALD #3) SHAFT ABOVE THE PRAIRIE EVAPORITE FORMATION Depth from Collar of Rock Types with Aggregate Thickness (in feet) Shaft in F eet 1,987.2 ft. to Upper Devonian - Duperow Formation - Thickness - 555. 2 ft. 2,542.4ft. Limestone (161.4 ft.), dolomite (102.3 ft.), dolomitic 1imestone (66.4 ft.), anhydrite (53.7 ft.), mudstone (21. 6 ft.), calcarenite (21. 5 ft.), shale (18.6 ft.), dolomite and anhydrite (14.6 ft.), conglomerate (13.6 ft.), dolomitic shale (7. 9 ft.), anhydrite and shale (6.2 ft.), shale and limestone (1.5 ft.). 2,542.4 ft. to Middle Devonian - Souris River Formation - Thickness (337. 7 ft.). 2,880.1 ft. Dolomite (l27.0 ft.), anhydrite (43.6 ft.), dolomite and anhydrite (41.4 ft.), dolomitic limestone (28. 5 ft,). limestone (25.2 ft.), shale and lime stone (15.1 ft.), dolomite and shale (1O. 1 ft.), arg:i.llaceous limestone (2. 2. ft.). 2,880.1 ft. to Middle Devonian - First Reel Bed - Thickness (20. 6 ft.). 2,900.7 ft. Dolomitic argillite (15.5 ft.), dolomite (2.9 ft.), argillite (2.2 ft.). 2,900.7 ft. to Middle Devonian - Dawson Bay Formation - Thickness (158.9 ft.). 3,058.9 ft. Dolomitic limestone (66. 8 ft.), limestone (31. 9 ft.), dolomite (27. 9 ft.), anhydrite (l0.3 ft.), dolomitic breccia (5.0 ft.), dolomitic argillite (4.2. ft.), limestone breccia (3.0 ft.), anhydrite and limestone (1. 1 ft.). 3 , 0 58. 9 ft. to Middle Devonian - Second Red Bed - Thickness (28. 9 ft. ) . 3,087.0 ft. Dolomite (l4.4 ft.) and dolomitic argil1ite (14.0 ft.). 3,087.0 ft. Top of Prairie Evaporite Formation. ~ 10 C) in the shaft. Out of the seventeen species recognized from the Devonian part of the Esterhazy Shaft, (Table II), tl1t! ~!g~~~~_._'~ nurnber (fourteen) of species occur in the Duperow formation, one in the Souris River formation, four in the First Red Bed and four in the Dawson Bay formation. The following four species occur in more than one formation: (1) Actinostroma clathratlUll Nicholson - Duperow Formation - First Red Bed Ci - Dawson Bay Formation (2) Stachyodes costulata Lecompte - Duperow Formation - First Red Bed (3) Stromatopora cooperi Lecompte - Souris River Formation - Dawson Bay Formation (4) Syringostroma? confertlUll Stearn - Duperow Formation - Dawson Bay Formation, Studies of the Devonian Stromatoporoids of Western Canada have been made by Galloway (1960), McCammon (1960), 11 () TABLE II RANGES OF STROMA TOPOROID SPECIES IN THE ESTERHAZY SHAFT Dupe- Souris if.First Dawson row River Red Bay For- For- Bed For- mation m ati on mation Anostylostroma cf. an columna . Tvler X Hammatostrorna cystosum n. sp. X Actinostroma clathratum Nicholson X X X TruEetostroma cf. warreni Parks X TruEetostrorna ? raricystosum X Ga1loway & St. Jean TruEetostroma coalescens X Gallowav & St. Jean " TruEetostroma EorosUIll Lecompte X C, f' TruEetostroma cervimontanum X Stearn TruEetos troma sp. X Stachyodes costulata Lecompte X X Stachyodes cf. thomasclarki Stearn X Ferestromatopora Earksi Stearn X StromatoEora laminosa Lecompte X StromatoEora cooEeri Lecompte X X Svringostroma ? confertum X X ParalleloEora Eellucida Yavorsky X Clathrocoilona sp. X i~ probably cornes from the Dawson Bay Formation - .. ------_._----'. ... _-_._---~--- --~ 12 ' \ . (. f' Fischbuch (1960, 1962), Stearn (1961a, 1961b, 1962, 1963 and in press, Bull. Geol. Surv. Canada), K10van (in press, Bull. Geol. Surv. Canada). A comparison of the fauna of Esterhazy Shaft with that of the Beaverhill Lake Formation, Fairholme Formation, Waterways Formation, Southern Ncrthwest Terri- tories and Northern Alberta (Upper Devonian), Redwater Reef of Leduc Formation (Cooking Lake), is shown in Table III. A comparative study of stratigraphie distribution, of sorne of the species which are present in the Esterhazy Shaft and are also reported from other areas of Western Canada, () appear to be va1uable. Trupetostroma cf. warreni Parks, Stachyodes cf. thomasc1arki Stearn, C1athrocoilona sp. which are present in Beaverhi11 Lake Formation are found here in Duperow Forma- tion on1y. While Stachyodes costulata Lecompte, occuring in Beaverhill Lake Formation is present in the Duperow Formation and the First Red Bed of the Esterhazy Shaft. Stromatopora cooperi Lecompte described from Beaverhill Lake Formation occurs in Souris River and Dawson Bay Formations. Trupeto- stroma cervimontanum Stearn first reported from Beaverhill Lake Formation, however, occurs only in the First Red Bed. Actinostroma c1athratum Nicholson, Stachyodes costulata Lecompte, Ferestromatopora parksi Stearn and Syringostroma ? (. I~ 0, TABLEm A COMPAlUSON OF THE FAUNA OF ESTERHAZY SHAFT WlTH mAT OF THE BEAVERHILL LAKE FORMATION. FAIRHDLME FORMATION. WATERWAYS FORMATION. SOUTHERN NORTHWEST TERRlTORlESAND NORTHERN ALBERTA (UPPER DEVONIANI. REDWATER REEF OF LEDUC FORMATION (.cOOKING LAKE). NORTHWEST ESTERHAZY GENUS CAIRN-FLUME BEAVERHlLL L. WATERWAYS TERRlTORIES &. REDWATER SHAFT NORTHERN ALBERTA Anostylostroma esiculosum Steam vesiculosum Steam laxwn Nicholson cf. ancolumna Tvler intermedimn Kolvan Stictostrmna mclareni Stearn 'Dhricmn Stearn H.a:m.Inatostroma hl be rtens e Stearn a.I.bertense Stearn cystosmn!l. SD. Trupetostroma ecomtltei Stearn *warreni Parka 'PaoiJ Daum Stearn sanctiioannes Stearn *warreni Parka *cf. warreni Parka enue Stearn pseudopingue Stearn pycnostylotum Stear!l afi.laceratwn Lecompt T ? raricystosum Gallowav &. St.Jean *cervimontanwn Stearn *cervimontanum Stearn *c!. coalescens Gallowa *coalcscens &. St. Jean Gallowav &. St. Jean 1 porosUIIl Lecompte * T. ? SD. T. SD. Atelodictyon telli!ermn Stearn stelliferum Stearn 5 tellifermn Stearn cf. stellHerurn Stearn rdinatmn Stearn Actinostroma ~evonense Lecompte * clathratum :-.licbolson *clathratmn Nicholson *clathraturn Nicholson m3.tutinmn Nicbolson , pach~œilatum Kolvan redwaterensis Kolvan cf. crassepilatum Lecom.pte Idiostroma D'lc1earni Stearn Stachyo:ies *costulata LecomPte crebrurn .5tearn *cf. costulata Lecomote *costulata LecOIDote spongiosa Stearn *thomascl~rki 5tearn *cf. thomasclarki Stearn Arn"hiDora ramosa Pbillios ra,nlosa Pbillips ranlosa Phillios ranlosa Phillins A.sp. 5tromatopora fef. coOPeri Lecom~te :::coooeri Lecomote *coooeri Lecom.ote CV2nea Stearn CV2nea Stearn cf. hUpschi Bargatzky lanûnosa Lecmnpte kakisaensis Stearn mikkwaensis Stearn bullulosa Stearn cf. mononensis Gallowav &. St. Jean Ferestromatopora jacquesensis F ••p. dubia Lecompte 1 GalloWav *contexta Stearn contexta Stearn *oarksi Stearn *parksi Stearn Syringostrorna *s ? coruertum Stearn *5 ? confertum Stearn bifurcum Stearn cf. perfuscum Galloway &. St. Jean 5 ? sp. fenestratuIn Stearn Clathrocoilona f .. sois sa Lecmnpte *G.sp. *G.sP. inconstans 5tearn inconstans Stearn Pseudoactino norrisi Stearn 1--' -dictvon athabascense Stearn ~ Taleastroma enzi Gallowa;- ? T. confertum 5tearn ? T. coruertum Stearn Stalicostroma bavense Stearn Herm.atostroma 1nai11ieuxi Lecompte Parallelopora cf. dartingtonensis Carter ellucida Yavorskv Eurvamobioora E ? SD. 1platvformis Kol van •• __ ::_... 1"' .... r .... ,.nTnntp -\ / C conferturn Stearn are the Upper Devonian stromatoporoids describ~d by Stearn (in press, Bull. Geo!. Surv. Canada) from Southern North- west Territories and Northern Alberta have been identified in the Esterhazy Shaft collection. Out of these Ferestromatopora parksi Stearn occurs in the Duperow formation only. While Stachyodes costulata Lecompte and Actinostroma c1athraturn Nicholson occur. in the Duperow formation and the First Red Bed, the latter also occurs in Dawson Bay forma tion. Syringostroma? conferturn Stearn is noticed in Duperow and Dawson Bay formations. Only three stroms, Trupetostroma warreni Parks, T. coalescens Galloway & St. Jean, and Actinostroma clatharaturn Nicholson from the Leduc formation (=Cooking Lake) of the Redwater recognized Reef complex are, r in the Esterhazy Shaft. Among these .!.=.. cf. warreni Parks and .!.=.. coalescens Galloway & St. Jean are present in the Dupero\~r formation, while A. c1athraturn Nicholson occurs in the Duperow, First Red Bed and Dawson Bay formations. From the above study of the stratigraphic and geographic distribution of stromatoporoids in Western Canada in relation to the Esterhazy Shaft, it is evident that the Duperow formation of the latter should be considered as Upper Devonian most probably the early Lat~ Devonian. The stromatoporoids occurring in the underlying sediments-- (:. 15 (,} Souris River formation. First Red Bed and Dawson Bay formation are mostly of mixed age ranging from Middle to Upper Devonian. But as the Duperow formation is of early Late Devonian. conse- quently it is most l:ikely that these sediments may be Middle Devonian. Such a view has also been expressed by Scott (1963). c-'- C) PALEONTOLOGY , (R)r,',;' ------_.. __ ._-- PALEONTOLOGY STROMA TOPOROIDEA Disagree:ment on the syste:matic position of the Stro:matoporoids is widespread but specialists believe that the stromatoporoids are Coelenterates which :may be segregated as an order of Hydrozoans or considered as a separate c1ass closely related to Hydrozoans. Stro:matoporoids are a s:mall but difficult group of fossils. Nicholson considered this group as one of the "opprobia of paleonto logy". He (in 1886, 1889, 1891, 1892.) discussed the structural features and the skeletal ele:ments inc1uding the :microstructure and presented the (, first classification of the stro:matoporoids, in his classic :monograph on the British Stro:matoporoids. His general plan is partly or fully followed by later workers. Subsequent classifications were given by Henrich (1914), Dehorne (192.0), KUhn (192.7, 1939), Tripp (1929), Lecompte (1951, 1956), Yavorsky (1955), and Galloway (1957). Galloway, 1957 :modified the classification of the Stromatoporoidea by a comparative study of structural and :microstructural ele:ments. He evo1ved five fatnilies and genera of Stromatoporoidea. The writer of this thesis has followed Galloway's concise and uncomplicated classification, as it is clear and logical. But the author has referred to the recent termino logy of :microstructure as given by Stearn (in press Pa1eontology). (, 16 17 Little has been written on the Devonian Stromatoporoidea as compared to their abundant distribution during the Devonian period. Nicholson, Parks (1936), Galloway and St. Jean, mainly contributed to the study of stromatoporoids from the Devonian of North America. Parks made an attempt to monograph the Devonian stromatoporoidea; unfortunately he died before the work was complete. Galloway and St. Jean (1957) described the Middle Dl:!vonian Stromatoporoids of Indiana, Kentucky and Ohio ior the first time and revised the terminology of Stromato- poroidea. GaHoway (1.960) described Devonian Stromatoporoids from the lower MacKenzie Valley of Canada. Stearn (reference) described the Devonian Stromatoporoids of Western Canada from the Beaverhill Lake formation of the Swan Hills area, Alberta, from the Canadian Rocky Mountains and from Southern Northwest Territories and Northern Alberta (in press Bull. Geol. Sury. Canada). Klovan described the Devonian Stromatoporoids from the Redwater Reef Complex, Alberta (in press Bull. Geol. Sury. Canada). St. Jean (l964) reported, stromatoporoidea of the Devonian Souris River formation from the subsurface of Saskatchewan at the 38th annual meeting of the S. E. P. M. , Toronto, May, 1964. The stromatoporoid fauna he described contains Atelodictyon, Stictostroma, Amphipor~, Idiostroma, Stachyodes, Ferestromatopora, Parallelopora and Synthetostroma. 18 (.' Fa:mily C1athrodictyidae Ktihn, 1939 Genus Anosty10stroma Parks, 1936 The type species Anosty10stroma ha:miltonense Parks, 1936, University of Toronto Studies, Geol. series, No. 39, p. 44. Anosty10.: stroma Galloway, 1957, Bull. Amer. Paleont., Vol. 37, No. 164, p. 434, Stearn, 1961, Jour. Paleont. Vol. 35, No. 5, p. 935. Fager- strom, 1962, Jour. Paleont. Vol. 36, No. 3, p. 425. Stearn, 1963, Jour. Pal Vol. 37, No. 3, p. 655, Stearn (in press -- Paleontology). Coenosteum flat to massive, composed of definite la:minae and separate pi1lars. Laminae transversely fibrous or minutely porous. Pillars in vertical section short, expanding, dividing and becoming vacuolate or Y -shaped at the top, or breaking into many secondary pillars, c rarely superposed; pillars in tangentia1 section round, e10ngate, vermi- cular, branching and confluent or ring-like. (Galloway, 1957, p. 434). Anostylostroma cf. ancolumna Tyler Pl. 1, Figs 1-8 Anostylostromaancolumna Tyler, 1964, Jour. Paleont. Vol. 38, No. 5, pp. 885-886, Pl. 142, Figsl-ll. Exterior: - Coenosteum ., large, 20 cm in dia:meter, hemispheri- cal in shape. Continuous, curved, parallella:minae and short pillars can be seen on weathered surfaces in the vertical plane. On tangential sur- faces near the periphery the laminae are not as sharply curved as in the inner area where they form prominent mamelons. Five big mamelons 0.5 19 to 0.7 cm dia:meter, and 2 small colmnns of less than 0.2 cm dia meter are conspicuous. The distance from centre to centre of two neighbouring mamelons is from 1 to 1.5 cm. The centre of most mamelons has a vertical tube, and astrorhizae. Vertical section - Laminae, pillars and small mamelons are prominent el'ements of the structure. Laminae are continuous, parallel, undulating forming marn.elons. Only a few larn.inae have dark distinct microlarn.inae 10 to 20 microns in thickness. The secondary thickening of the larn.inae is of fibrous tissue. The larn.inae are 0.04 to 0.07 mm thick, (average 0.05 mm). The spacing of the larn.inae is of two types, closely spaced, 8 to 10 in one Inm and widely spaced, 4 to 5 in one mm. These two types define latilarn.inae. The average interlarn.i~a'i spacing is O. 10 mm between closely spaced larn.inae and O. 20 mm between widely spaced laminae. The larninar microstructure is characteristica1ly trans- versely fibrous and typical of ; Anostylostroma. In the c1ear galleries short strands of calcite crystals are distinctly seen at many places, mostly perpendicular to the laminae. Pillars are thick 0.05 to 0.25 m,m, sa:me dark colour as the laminae, generally short -- restricted to an interlaminar space rarely superposed through 2 to 3 galleries. The pillars are straight, sorne divide upward and become Y -shaped, sorne thick ones are spool-shaped. c They are spaced 5 to 10 in 2 mm but at a few places are c10sely spaced 20 where the laminae are clos er. Pillar tissue is the same as that of the laminae, transversely fibrous, becoming lighter away from a dark centre on both sides. Dark centres of fibrosity appear to be composed of specks, from which fibers are radically distributed. The spacing of transverse fibers in laminae and pillars is variable. This results in the colour variation in both larninae and pillars even though both are of the sarne colour. The transverse fibrosity of laminae and pillars is due to calcite crystal growth and is believed to be a secondary phenomenon. The fibrosity is intense and can be observed at low magnification. The galleries are of two types, big, O. 50 to 1. 50 mm by 0.10 -" ( 0" to 0.30 mm and small up to 0.05 mm in length and height. In shape they are round to elongated laterally. Superposition is uncommon. The clear, galleries are occupied, and sorne are empty, by crystals growing from larninae and pillars. Dissepiments are absent. Tangential Section - The mamelon columns are from 1.5 to 5.0 mm in diameter and these mamelons are 3.5 to 8.0 mm apart from centre to centre. The axial astrorhizal tubes in the mamelons are 0.20 to 0.35 mm in diameter. The laminae are light in colour and show transverse fibrosity distinctly in the lighter areas. Three to six conspicuous , concentric rings of laminae are cut in the mamelons. Pillars are round (0.05 to 0.20 mm in diameter averaging 0.12 ( mm) vermicular, (0.08 mm thick and 0.25 to 0.50 mm long). Dot -like 21 ( pillars are solid at the centre and only a few join with neighbours. Pillars are radially fibrous in microstructure, with dark axes. Discussion - The following structures are characteristic of this species:- (1) The small size of the round mamelon co1umns, 1.5 to 5.0 mm in diameter, with centre occupied by an axial tube, 0.20 to 0.35 mm in diameter. (2) The small well-deve1oped mamelons are c10sely spaced and appear to be regular in spacing, 1 to 1.5 cm apart, measured from centre to centre. (3) The mamelons have a well defined vertical tube and axial astrorhizae. (4) The spacing of the laminae is of two types (a) c1ose1y spaced, 8 to 10 in 1 mm, and (b) widely spaced 4 to 5 in 1 mm. (5) The pillars are marked1y vermicular in the tangential section. There is only one good specimen, therefore no new species name is proposed, even though the above characteristics are suffi- ciently distinctive to separate the specimen from the recorded species of Anostylostroma. The small, regular, closely spaced and prominent mamelons are comparable with those of Anostylostroma anco1umna ( (Tyler, 1964). 22 Cl This specimen is similar to A. colurnnare Parks and A. laxurn (Nicholson). It differs fro:m A. colurnnare (Parks) in the regularity and small size of the ma:melons, and from A. laxurn (Nicholson) in its regular ma:melons. It differs from:- (1) A. dupontense Anostylostroma ancolurnna Tyler (a) spacing of la:minae (a) spacing of laminae 0.04 to 0.07 O. 03 to O. 16 mm (b) pillars superposed (b) pillars rarely superposed in many places (2) A. pulpitense pillars not Y -shaped pillars Y -shaped c (3) A. hurnile pillars may be rarely superposed pillars superposed through 3 to 10 interla:minar spaces. (4) A. arvense Parks ma:melons - ma:melons with an axial tube a few with an axial tube Occurrence: - Dawson Bay Formation G. S. C. No. 49349 ( Depth from 2956 to 2966 ft. 23 Genus Hammatostroma Stearn, 1961 Stearn 1961, Jour. Paleont. Vol. 35, No. 5, pp. 939, 940, 941, Pl. 106, Figs 2, 4; Klovan (in press - Geol. Surv. Cano BulL); Stearn, 1966, (in press - Paleontology). Stromatoporoids related to Stromatoporella and Anostylostroma in which the laminae are persistent, undulant, and transversely porous, and in which the interlaminar spaces are occupied by an irregular tangle of transversely porous, pillar tissue arising from the laminae, and by dissepiments. The pillars pass from one lamina by highly irre- gular and, in part oblique and horizontal courses to the lamina above and are cut in in vertical section only for short segments so that they appear c' as dots or short horizontal or oblique lines. Astrorhizae - absent to abWldant. (Stearn, 1966 in pres s, Paleontology). Type species, Harnmatostroma albertense. Harnmatostroma 'cystoswn n. sp. Pl. 2, Figs 1-6; Pl. 3, Figs 1, 2. Exterior - Coenosteurn is fragmentary, massive, associated with corals and other stromatoporoids. Mamelons and astrorhizae not ob- served and may be absent. Two specimens have been found. Vertical Section - The 1aminae are the most prominent structure. The 1aminae are continuous, undulating without the formation ofmame1on colmnns, and in thickness 0.05 to 0.15 mm averaging 0.10 mm. ~" ' 24 c The laxninae are widely but irregularly spaced. The galleries range from 0.5 to 2.0 mm, in height and average 0.75 mm. The dark Hnes bounding the laxninae are thickened on the upper side with a secondary, transversely fibrous tissue, or locally on both upper and lower edges. The tissue structure is coarsely transversely fibrous, transversely porous; and compact in a few places. The complexity of tangling of the pillars is variable within sections and between sections. The pillars never cross the inter- laxninar space directly and only a few reach the other laxninae. The pillars are short, interlaxninar mostly running to half the distance bet- ween the two laxninae. The thickness of the pillars is 0.05 to 0.15 mm. c'. ~'." Their spacing is irregular, 3 to 7 in 2 mm. The pillars are oblique to vertical to the laxninae and bulbous, bead-like, or knotted in structure in the interlaminar area. Even in the vertical section dot -like pillars, 0.10 mm in diaxneter, appear in the interlaxninar space, without joining neighbours. The microstructure of the pillars is coarsely transversely fibrous and transversely porous. The dissepiments are sharp, from 0.25 to 0.05 mm thick, inter- laxninar, sometimes parallel to the laxninae, variable in arching. The tissue is transversely fibrous. Dissepiments are common and astror- hizae are lacking. Tangential section - Laxninae appear as well defined, dark, ( and in places yellowish brown, Hnes, irregular in thickness, 0.05 to 0.20 25 ( mIll. averaging 0.12 mIll. The laminae are irregularly and strongly curved. producing a meandy.t~ti"'fm . pattern. The tissue is flocculent. transversely porous and fibrous. Strong calcification obscures the proper identification of the micro structure of the laminae in spite of good preservation of the skeleton. The pillars are dot-like.0.05 to 0.20 mIll in diameter. aver aging 0.12 m.m. The dark dots in the interlaminar area are COmIllonly and irregularly joined to their neighbours. Few pillars are yellowish brown in the centre and appear vaguely ring ..like. Locally the arcuate cystose plates produce an irregular meshwork where the pillars join them. Discussion - Hanunatostroma cystosurn n. sp. is charact er ized by the predominant irregularly arching dark cyst-plates. The la:minae are curved. continuous. and thick and bifurcate laterally. The intense tangling of the pillars. certainly typical of the genus. is weIl developed in this species. It differs from H. delicatulurn Klovan in its thick. lateraIly bifurcating laminae and well developed cyst-plates. Hammatostroma cystosurn n. sp. is distinguished from H. nodosa Kl.o van in having thicker laminae and irregularly arched cyst-plates and from H. albertense Stearn in having laterally bifurcating laminae. WeIl côlcified H. cystosurn n. sp. tissue is coarsely trans- ( 26 versely fibrous and should be considered the characteristic of thG genus Hanunatostroma as suggested by Stearn (1963 ). The absence of the astrorhizal canals and the association of the tabulate corals and the other stromcl.toporoids in Hammatostroma cystosum n. sp. is of astogenic interest and importance. Favositids grew both outside and inside the coenosteum. The exact relationship of the growth is hard to predict in absence of a serial section-study. Occurence - The ho10type, G. S. C. No. 48241B, comes from the Esterhazy Shaft, Duperow formation between 2296 ft. and 2310 ft. The paratype, G. S. C. No. 48352C -a also comes from the Duperow formation between 2392 ft. and 2397 ft. c' Family Actinostromatidae Nicholson 1886 Genus Actinostroma Nicholson 1886 Type species - Actinostroma clathratum Nicholson, H~86, , Paleont. Soc., Vol. 39, p. 75; Lecompte, 1951, Inst. Roy. ~. Nat. ,~e.\c:,11 Mem. 116, p. 67; Yavorsky, 1955, Trudy Vsesoyuznogo Nauchno - issledovatelskogo Geoi. Inst., Minister. Ged. i Ochrany Nedr., nov. ser., V'ol. 8, pp. 17-34; 1957, ibid., pt. 2, Vol. 18, pp. 7.-10;" 1961, ibid., pt. 3, Vol. 44, pp. 7-8;. 1962, Paleont. Journ., Vol. 1, pp. 19-30; 1963, ibid., pt. 4, Vol. 87, pp. 23-28; Galloway, 1957, Bull. Amer. Paleont., Vol. 37, No. 164, p. 437; FHigel, 1959, Ann. Natur hist. Mus., Wein, Vol. 63, pp~ 90-273; Stearn, 1961, Journ. Paleont., Vol. 35, No. 5, p. 941, PL" 106, figs 5, 6, and in press. Coenosteum massive, laminar to globular, some latilami~ae, composed of strong laminae, continuous pillars, long, giving off a set ( of radial processes at intervals. Processes join neighbouring pillars form ing net-like laminae. Pillars with or without lumina, tissue compact; 27 (~i surface tuberculate; astrorhizae generally present. Actinostroma c1athratwn Nicholson Pl. 3, Figs 3-5; Pl. 4, Figs 1-8; Pl. 5, Figs 1-5 Actinostroma c1athratwn Nicholson, 1886a, Pa1eont. Soc. vol. 39, p. 76, figs. 8-13; 1886b, p. 226, Pl. 6, figs. 1-3; 1889, p. 131, Pl. 12, figs. 1-5; Pl. 13, figs. l, 2; 1890, p. 193, Pl. 8, figs. 82, b; Lecompte, 1951, Inst. Roy. Sci. Nat. Belgique, Mem. 116, p. 77, Pl. l, figs. 1-12; FHige1, 1959, Ann. Naturhist. Mus., Wein, vol. 63, pp. 90 -273; Stearn, (in rress - Geol. Surv., Canada BulL); Klovan (in press - Geol. Surv., Canada BulL). Exterior: - There are 15 specimens assigned to Actinostroma c1athratunl Nicholson in the collection. ,The coenostea are dome-shaped, globular and subhemispherical, mostly massive. The coenostea are var- iab1e in size 2 to 9.5 cm in width and from 4 to 15 cm long. In 49343B, 0..... v.bflll,-\ 49344B, and 49349B coenoste~ are globular" 84 cm in height, 6.8 to 12 cm in diameter and associated with rugose corals. The 1atilaminae are well developed, excellently exhibited on the surface (plate 3, figures 3, 4) and their thickness is variable, 0.5 to 2.5 mm. The laminae and pillars are distinct on weathered surfaces. The coenostewn of 48243 is smal1, dome-shaped, 2.8 cm in diameter. On polished sur- faces, latilaminae are up to l cm thick. On sorne surfaces low, small mamelons are seen. Specimen 49343A is associated with other stromatoporoids like Anostylostroma and Trupetostroma. Small rhychonellid brachio- ( pods and corals are commonly associated with many of the specimens. 28 c' Vertical section: - The ske1eton is composed of long 1am.inae and pillars forming a regular network. Laminae are straight or concentric arcs, undulating and mostly continuous, except where interrupted by irregularly distri buted 1urnina, 0.02 to 0.08 mm across. Lam.inae are at right angles to the pi11ars and local1y appear to rise from the pillars as the 1eaves of the sugar -cane plant. The 1am.inae are local1y (in specimen 48243) pierced by knot-1ike astrorhizae and appear crinkled. Locally the 1aminae break up into knot-1ike round dots up to O. 10 mm in diam.eter. The 1aminae are thinner than pi11ars and most':j .,' lighter in co1our. The thickness of the 1aminae ranges from 0.03 to 0.15 mm and the c spacing from 8 to 14 in 2 mm. Foramina perforate 1aminae and 1aminae breaks up into granules. The tissue is compact, fine1yand coarse1y transverse1y fibrous. Pi11ars are well defined, long and parallel. The pillars are thicker and darker than the 1aminae and the most conspicuous structural e1ement in vertical sections. The pillars are 0.06 to 0.20 mm in thickness. The radial divergence of the pillars make the spacing irregular. General1y, they pass through 30 - 35 1aminae. Pillars range in 1ength from inter1aminar to 6 mm but are most1y long. The pi11ars are spoo1-shaped, upwardly divided or thicker just be10w the 1am.inae appearing to be superposed (49343A, 49343B, 49344B and 49349B). The tissue is compact, the vertical fibrosity is faint to well deve1oped, ..... \ , 29 upward1y spreading, radiating or fan-shaped. Locally the vergeal fibres in the pillars produce a water jet microstructure. The thickness and spacing of laminae and pillars in Actinostroma clathrat1.Un Nicholson from the Esterhazy collection is recorded in Table IV. Galleries are filled 'Nith calcite and superposed. Galleries are mostly wider than high, rectangular with angular to rounded corners. The rectangular galleries are o. 10 to o. 15 mm high and up to 0.30 mm wide (49343A, 49343B, 49344B and 49349B). Astrorhiza1 canals and indistinct mamelons occur in vertical sections of 49343B, 49344B and 49349B. The astrorhizae are 0.20 to (. 0.30 mm in diameter, up to 2.5 mm long and branching. Mamelons are indistinct and 3.5 mm apart. Dissepiments are absent. Tangentia1 section: - Round pillars form the most conspicuous ske1eta1 e1ement in tangential sections. They are joined in zones that define the 1aminae. Pillars range in diameter from 0.05 to 0.20 mm and average 0.10 mm. Four to six radial arms are present in the 1aminar area forming a typical hexactinellid structure, characteristic of the genus. Tissue is compact and fibrous, darker in the axis. Mostly astrorhizal canals are inconspicuous and small. Discussion: - A considerable variation in respect to the ske1eta1 e1ements is shown by the specimens assigned to Actinostroma (( c1athratum Nicholson from the Esterhazy Shaft collection. FIUge1 30 c TABLE IV THE THICKNESS AND SPACING OF LAMINAE AND PILLARS IN ACTINOSTROMA CLATHRATUM NICHOLSON Laminae Pillars G.S.C.No. Thickness Spacing Thickness Spacing in mm in 2mm in mm in 2mm 48241A 0.05 - 0.07 8 - 9 0.06-0.10 6 - 8 48243 0.03 - 0.08 11 - 15 0.06 -0.15 5 - 8 48244 0.05-0.15 8 - 10 0.08 -0.15 6 - 8 commonly- commonly- 0.05 0.10 48351A 0.03 - 0.05 8 - 10 0.07 -0.10 8 - 9 commonly- 0.03 48351B 0.05-0.10 8 - 15 0.10 - 0.20 Very commonly irregular 8.5 (: 48351C 0.02 - 0.05 8 - 12 0.10 - 0.20 6 - 9 48351D-a 0.05 - 0.07 10 .. Il O. 10 - 0.20 6 - 7 48352B 0.05 - 0.08 8 - 11 0.10 - 0.15 7 - 9 commonly 0.10 48353 0.05 - 0.07 8 - 9 0.06 -0.10 6 -8 8 - 12 48354-a 0.05 -0.10 12 - 14 o. 10 - 0.20 6 - 8 48354F 0.07 -0.10 10 - 12 O. 10 8 - 10 49343A 0.05 10 - 12 0.09 - 0.20 6 - 8 49343B 0.05 - O. 10 8 - 11 0.05 - 0.20 6 - 8 commonly 0.12 49344B 0.05-0.15 8 - 11 0.05 - 0.20 6 - 8 commonly commonly 0.10 0.12 49349B 0.02-0.10 8 - 11 0.05 - 0.20 6 - 8 commonly 0.12 31 -·, C0," (1959) revised the genus Actinostroma, by a statistical method, using the measurements of the horizontal and vertical elements. He dis- cussed the wide range of spacing of laminae and pillars shown by specimens of A. clathratwn Nicholson. Similar variation for the species was reported by Stearn (in press Bull. Geol. Surv. Canada) for the specimens from Alberta and southern Northwest Territories. Specimens of A. clathratUlll Nicholson show considerable variation so that sorne paleontologists would probably consider them to be separa.te species. Varietal forms recorded by Nicholson (1889) are as follows: ( "(A) From Middle Devonian of Germany and Devonshire 1) Very regularly developed regular pillars. with uniform distance between them and round in shape. 2) Astrorhizae may be wholly wanting or sma1l. (B) From Dartington, Devonshire 3) The radial pi1lars are comparatively irregular in their development, and vary considerably, even in the same specimen, as regards their distances apart; variously bent or sloped, show a want of general parallelism to each other. 4) In the tangential s e~tion the pillars are often more or less angular than strictly round . . '0 32 5) Astrorhizae are comparative1y well deve1oped. nUIllerous and large." Nicholson 1889 pp. \~\ - \~ô Specimens of Actinostroma c1athratUIn in the Esterhazy Shaft collection are characterized by: 1) The distinct and regular network of pi11ars and 1arnmae. 2) The wide range the horizontal and the vertical e1ements as in Table No. IV. 3) Laminae are thinner than the pil1ars which results in a greater nUIllber of 1aminae than the pillars in 2 mm of spacing of each. 4) The galleries are most1y wider than high, rectangular c with angular to rounded corners. 5) The tissue is characteristical1y compact but in section 48244 and others it is light yellow in co1our and in 48351B it is striated by black organic material. The confusion of separating the species of the Actinostroma is eliminated by comparing their descriptions and checking the measure- ments of the 1aminae and pillars from the previous work availab1e. Reported species of Actinostroma from the Devonian of Western Canada. (Stearn, in press, Bull. Geol. Surv. Canada). 1) A. devonese Lecompte - by Stearn, 1961 from Cairn and Southesk formations of the Fairholme group and in the Alexo formation . . .. c 33 TABLE V THE OCCURENCE OF ACTINOSTROMA CLATHRATUM NICHOLSON Formation G. S. C. No. Depth in feet Duperow Formation 48241 A 2296-2310 48243 2288-2296 48244 A 2310-2330 48351 A 2379-2406 48351 B 2397 -2406 48351 C 2397 -2406 48351 D-a 2397 -2406 48352 B 2392-2397 48353 2380 -2392 48354 a 2365-2380 48354 F 2365-2380 ( First Red Bed 49343 A 2890 -2902 49343 B 2890 -2902 Dawson Bay Formation 49344 B 2902-2914 49349 B 2956-2966 ... 34 c 2) A. tyrrelli Nicholson - by Galloway, 1960 from Manitoba and Northwest Territories - Middle Devonian. The following species are from Redwater Reef, described by Klavan (Bull. Geol. Surv. Canada - in press). 1) A. c1athratum Nicholson - Cooking Lake equivalent and Middle Leduc. 2) A. ~~.chypi1atum Klovan - Middle Leduc. 3) A. waterensis Klo van - Cooking Lake equivalent. 4) A. cf. crassepilatmn Lecompte - Upper and Middle Leduc. A. c1athratum Nicholson described by Stearn (in press) from the Escarpment member of the Hay River Formation and from Mikkwa Formation. Occurrence: - This is the most abundant species from the Esterhazy Shaft collection, distributed in Duperow Formation (11), First Red Bed (2), and Dawson Bay Formation (2). (See Table V.) Genus Trupetostroma Parks, 1936 Type species, Trupet0stroma warreni Parks, 1936, Univ. Toronto Studies, Geol. Ser., No. 39, p. 52, pl. 10, figs 1,2: Lecompte, 1952, Inst. Roy. Sei. Nat., Belgique, Mem. 117, p. 219; Galloway, 1957, Bull. Amer. Paleont., Vol. 37, No. 164, p. 439, pl. 31, fig 11; pl. 34, fig 4; Stearn, (in press Paleontology). Coenosteum, massive, composed of persistent three- layered laminae. Primary laminae typically thin, secondarily thickened on both sides, leaving a light or dark axialline; pillars 35 ( more prominent than the 1aminae, round, reg\Ùar1y superposed from one inter1aminar space to the next forming with the 1aminae a grid in vertical section; composed of secondary materia1, spreading on both sides of the micro1aminae; gal1eries super- posed; tissue of pil1ars and outer zones of 1aminae, compact but may contain wide1y separated vacuities; astrorhizae and mamelons strong to weak. Trupetostroma is characterized by (1) the three-fo1d nature of the 1aminae, (2) the continuous micro1aminae, (3) the super- position of the spoo1-shaped pillars, (4) the pillars and secondary thickening on the micro1aminae, with oval vacuities. Trupetostroma cf. warreni Parks Pl. 5, Figs 6 - 8; Pl. 6, Fig 1. Trupetostroma warreni Parks, 1936, Univ. Toronto Studies, Geol. Ser. , No. 39, p. 55, Pl. 10, figs 1, 2 (Mid. Dev., Great Slave Lake, Canada); Gal10way and St. Jean, 1957, B\Ùl. Amer. Pa1eont., Vol. 37, No. 162, p. 159, pl. 12, figs 2a, b; Galloway, 1957, Bull. Amer. Pa1eont. Bull., Vol. 37, No. 164, p. 439, pl. 31, fig 11; pl. 34, fig 4; Stearn, 1963, Journ. Paleont., Vol. 37, No. 3, p. 658, pl. 10, fig sI,: 2. Exterior: - The two coenostea are fragmentary, surface with mamelons 5 to 10 mm in diameter. Astrorhizal canals .present. Latilamination i8 not conspicuous. 36 Co Vertical section: - The 1aminae are 0.10 to 0.15 mm in thicknes s, marked by light distinct micro1aminae, 0.01 to O. 18 mm, thickened by darker tissue on both sides. The 1aminae are straight, curved, forming mamelons and spaced 8 to 9 in 2 mm. The tissue is fine1y fibrous, dusty and in darker areas, me1anospheric. The pi11ars are thick, spoo1-shaped, 0.10 to 0.20 mm, excellently superposed. They are spaced 5 to 8 in 2 mm, sorne are very close and look fused. The pi11ars are bordered by dark irregular specks, the internaI zone is compact or fibrous in micro structure and vacuoles in the pillars are rare. The' gal1eries are reduced, round, and superposed without forming pseudozooidal tubes. Astrorhizal canals are indistinct, mamelons are low and dissepiments are absent. Tangential section: - The 1aminae and pillars are difficult to distinguish. Pi11ars are granular, 0.15 to 0.20 mm, in diameter, subpo1ygonal to round in shape. These round dots in turn are arranged in circ1es. The tissue is bordered with me1anospheres 0.01 to 0.03 mm in diameter, but is 0 compact to fibrous towards the center. The gal1eries are round to e1ongate. The astrorhizal canals are smal1, 0.10 to 0.15 mm in diameter, short and sporadic in distribution. Discussion: - The species is characterized by c1ear micro- 1aminae, thick pillars without pores or vacuoles but of compact or 37 fibrous tissue, small and sporadic astrorhizae in the tangential section. Because of the characteristic c1ear microlaminae and their spacing, it is compared with Trupetostroma warreni Parks. The tissue is compact, and melanospheric towards the border and fibrous towards the central zone. This appears strange in some Trupetostroma but observed in most of the Trupetostroma species, studied and described from the collection. The distinct, thick pillars and light microlaminae distinguishes it from Trupetostroma cervimontanum Stearn. It differs from Trupeto- stroma coalescens Galloway and St. Jean in the presence of clear microlaminae and prominent pillars. It is similar to .!..=.. sancti- johannes Stearn (in press, Bull. Geoi. Surv. Canada) in the dot-like pillars in tangential section. The similarity of 48351E to :L.. warreni is most conspicuous in tangential section. Occurrence: - Duperow Formation 1. G.S.C. No. 48351D-b 2. G.S.C. No. 48351E Both are from the same interval 2397 ft. to 2406 ft. 38 ( Trupetostroma ? raricystosum Galloway and St. Jean Pl. 6, Figs 2 - 4 Trupetostroma ? raricystosum Galloway and St. Jean, 1957, Bull. Amer. Paleont., Vol. 37, No. 162, p. 161, pl. 12, figs 3, 4. Exterior: - This species is repres ented in the collection by one specimen. Coenosteum is 5.6 cm high, 7 to 9 cm in diameter. The surface is irregular and no laminae or astrorhizae were observed. Vertical section: _. The laminae with dark microlaminae, thick pillars, reduced galleries and small to large astrorhizae, are the chief skeletal elements. The laminae are thin to thick, 0.05 to o. 15 mm and spaced ( 8 to 12 in 2 mm. The laminae are composed of prominent, dark, continuous median microlaminae, 0.02 mm thick, bounded above and below by irregular layers of lighter colo\lr. The tissue of the microlaminae is melanospheric and the melanospheres are irregularly spaced giving a ropy appearance in places. Both upper and lower laminar layers are compact and finely transversely fibrous. The upper and lower laminar layers vary in thickness from 0.05 to 0.10 mm. The pillars are short, spool-shaped, superposed and lighter than the laminae in colour. The pi1lars diverge near the mamelons. The pi1lars are O. 10 to 0.25 mm thick and spaced 5 to 7 in 2 mm. The tissue is compact and variably fibrous. The vacuoles are few and scattered. 39 (r The gal1eries are rOWld, oval, 0.10 to 0.20 mm high, up to 0.30 mm wide and superposed. No pseudozooidal tubes are present. The astrorhizal canals are scattered, branching, up to 0.30 mm in dÏéuneter. Tabulae are Wlcommon. Tangential section: - The pil.1ars are large, oval, or rOWld, O. 15 to 0.25 mm in diarneter, and O. ù8 to 0.25 mm apart. Sorne are joined to the neighbouring pillars and thus e1ongated. The tissue is compact, fLoccruent and radially fibrous. The rOWld galleries are enc10sed by the pil.1ars, others are e10ngated and vermicruar, O. 10 to 0.25 mm in diélllleter. The astrorhizae are scattered, hranching, 0.10 to 0.50 mm in diameter. No tabruae are present. The astror- ( ) hizal canals are fi11ed with a mosaic of calcite crystals. Méllllelons are absent. Discussion: - The structure consists of the 1éllllinae with dark, most1y continuous, micro1éllllinae, thick pil1ars and scattered, branching astrorhizal canals. It differs from Trupetostroma bassleri Lecompte in having fewer astrorhizal canals and from Trupetostroma sub1amellatmn " Lecompte in its 1ack of pseudozooidal tubes and astrorhizae. Vacuoles and pores are 1ess abundant than in Trupetostroma porosmn Lecompte. It differs from Trupetostroma coalescens Gal1o- way and St. Jean and ~ cervirnontanmn Stearn, by dark, continuous () median micro1éllllinae. 40 ILî'l Occurrence: - Duperow Formation G. S.C. No. 48352D Depth from 2397 ft. to 2406 ft. Trupetostroma coalescens Galloway and St. Jean, Pl. 6, Figs 5 - 7 Trupetostroma coalescens Galloway and St. Jean, 1957 Bull. Amer. Paleont., Vol. 37, No. 162, p. 162, pl. 12, fig 5, Galloway, 1960, Jour. Paleont., Vol. 34, No. 4, p. 626, pl. 73, fig 4a; Klovan (in press, Bull. Geol. Surv. Canada). Exterior:- Globular fragments of a massive coenosteum, embedded in the chocolate coloured dolomite; 5 to 7 cm high, 14 ( to 17 cm in diameter, surface marked with circular latilaminae which join locally, 0.7 to 1.5 cm apart; low mamelons and small astrorhizae. Vertical section: - The structure is composed of thick pillars and laminae, forming a dense network, wherein galleries are much reduced. The laminae contain three to four dark or light discontinuous microlaminae, 0.01 to 0.02 mm in thickness. Lam- inae are O. 10 to 0.20 mm, thick, spaced 9 to 12 in 2 mm, obscured by the pillars. The laminae are straight, gently curved. The tissue of the laminae appears melanospheric on the borders. The melano- spheres are irregular in concentration and in alignment. Centrally 41 the 1aminae are light in co1our, of compact and fibrous tissue. Pil1ars are thicker than the 1aminae, o. 10 to 0.30 mm averaging o. 17 mm. The pillars are spoo1-shaped, wide, regular1y superposed, long and 'parallel. Pillars appear to b~ fused with their neighbours and are separated only by a dark indistinct 1ine. The tissue is compact and fibrous. The fibers spread up- ward in the central area. The wal1s are dark and granular. Vacuoles are irregularly distributed in the 1aminae and pil1ars. Galleries are much reduced, small, round, e10ngated and superposed but not forming pseudozooidal tubes. The astrorhizae are small, 0.10 to 0.15 mm in dia.m.eter. Dissepiments absent. ( ) Tangential section: - The ske1etal tissue, most1y pillars, represents 80 to 90 per cent of the thin section. The pillars are round, 0.10 to 0 0 15 mm in dia.m.eter. Coa1escent pillars are curved or vermicular, and gal1eries are e1ongated. The tissue of the pillars is compact, small vacuoles are present in the pillars. Astrorhiza1 canals are inconspicuous. Discussion: - This species is characterized by the dense network of thick, c1ose1y spaced 1aminae and pillars; coalescence of the pillars in the vertical and tangential sections; smal1 galle ries which do not form pseudozooidal tubes; inconspicuous and smal1 astrorhizae. The reduced galleries are similar to those of Stromato- pora but Trupetostroma coa1escens Gal10way and St. Jean 1acks ." ~ :,:. 42 ,(.IL" \:' pseudozooidal tubes. KJovan described specimens similar to that of the Esterhazy collection which lacks the well-developed astrorhizae "n\t'nS from the Redwater Reef. The Western Canada specilt seem to have less developed astrorhizae than those from the eastern United States. It is found associated with Actinostroma. Occurrence: - . Duperow Formation G. S. C. No. 48354 d Depth from 2365 ft. to 2380 ft. Trupetostroma porosUlll Lecompte () Pl. 6, Fig 8; Pl. 7, Figs 1 - 5. Trupetostroma porosum Lecompte, 1952, Inst. Roy. Sci. Nat. Belgique, Mem. 117, p. 236, Pl. 42, fig 3, Pl. 43, fig 1; Gall oway , 1960, Jour. Paleont., p. 626, Pl. 73, figs 2a and 2b. Exterior: - Two speciInens were collected, coenosteum is globular and nodul ar, 1. to 3, cm in dianleter, sma1l. Surface has indistinct astrorhizae. Laminae are distinctly seen on vertical surfaces. Species is associated with rugose corals. Vertical section:- The laminae are undulating, 0.05 to 0.10 mm thick, with a light or dark median zone or micro1anlina. The continuity of the lanlinae is interrupted by abundant foranlina, 0.01 to 0.02 mm in dianleter. Irregular astrorhizal canals and cyst-plates present. c The lanliriae are spaced from 8 to 11 in 2 mm. The microstructure \~. 43 ,.I~~.', . is complex, fibrous, melanospheric, 0.01 to 0.03 mm in diameter. The pi1lars are thicker than the laminae, 0.05 to 0.15 mm., spoo1-shaped, mostly inter1aminar, superposed, spaced 7 to 9 in 2 mm. The tissue is pierced by vacuoles, 0.01 to 0.05 mm in diameter and me1anospheric. Local1y the vacuoles are bigger than the melano- spheres. The me1anospheres are arranged in one or two vertical rows. Some pi11ars are transverse1y fibrous. The galle ries are irregular in shape, round, square, e1ongated, ranging in size from 0.08 to 0.15 mm high and from 0.10 to 0.50 mm wide. They are well superposed. The astrorhiza1 canals are abundant and irregularly distributed, commonly interrupting both the laminae ( and the pillars. They are circular, elongated and branching; their diameter is frOln O. 20 to O. 50 mm ahd they are up to 2 mm long, with curved tabulae. In the walls of the canal the tissue is transversely fibrous. The tabulae a1so show transverse fibres on both sides. The low mamelons are 2 mm in diameter. Tangential section: - Vacuoles, galleries and astrorhizal canals occupy more than 50% of the area. The thicker pillars are confluent with indistinct 1aminae. The pillars are composed of dusty tissue, smal1 me1anospheres, 0.01 to 0.02 mm in diameter and are full of numerous prominent vacuoles, 0.01 to 0.05 mm in dia- meter. Some of these vacuoles join neighbouring vacoules, as noticed in the vertical section. The galleries are round, O. 15 to 44 0.30 mm in diéuneter. Anastomosing galle ries are common. As'trorhizal canals are distinct, up to 3.5 mm long, branching from 0.15 to 0.,50 mm in diameter. The tabulae are straight to curved, composed of transverse1y fibrous tissue. Discussion: - This species is distinguished by its thick pi11ars, the 1aminae with dark or light median zone, interrupted by nw:nerous large size vacuoles. The presence of the vacuoles is the characteristics of this species, which 1acks the definite pseudozoooidal tubes of Para11e1opora. The tissue of pi11ars and 1aminae is variable, compact, ,. me1anospheric and cellular. Microstructure is poor1y preserved but distinct vacuoles, as recorded in the type species by Lecompte, are abundant in this species. In tangentia1 section the species resemb1es ~ cellul1osw:n Lecompte in the dark brown co1our of the me1anospheric tissue around the ga11eries and the astrorhizae. 1t is associated with Stachyodes and corals. Occurrence: - Duperow Formation 1. G. S. C. No. 48354-c Depth from 2365 ft. to 2380 ft. 2. G. S.C. No. 48356 (, Depth from 2427 ft. to 2446 ft. 45 (1 Trupetostroma cervimontanUlll. Stearn Pl. 7, Figs 6 - 8. Trupetostroma cerviInontanUlll. Stearn, 1963, Jour; Paleont., Vol. 37, No. 3, p. 659, Pl. 85, figs 8 - 9, Pl. 86, fig 1. Exterior:- The coenosteUlll. is bulbous, dome-shaped and the speciInen is 5 cm in diameter. The specimen is embedded in the dark dolomitic argillite from the First Red Bed. Laminae are seen on the surface of the fragment. Vertical section:- The laminae are discontinuous except for a few which cut the pil1ars. The 1aminae are 0.05 to 0.07 mm thick, spaced 8 to 9 in 2 mm. The dark median micro1aminae, 0.01 to 0.02 mm, are also discontinuous and appear to bridge the pil1ars, where they do not cut the pil1ars. The 1aminae are concentric, undulant and inflected into 10w mamelons, 3 to 4. 5 mm in diameter. The tissue is compact, flocculent and has few vacuoles. The pil1ars are the most conspicuous e1ement in the structure. The pil1ars are thick, o. 10 to 0.22 mm, spoo1-shaped, superposed, divergent in the mamelons, long and 7 to 10 in 2 mm. The margin of the pil1ars is irregular and ragged. The tissue is compact, fine1y vertically fibrous and light in co10ur, without any vacuoles. The gal1eries are round, 0.25 mm across, superposed, (~! so that they resemb1e pseudozooida1 tubes crossed by dark micro- 46 cr laminae. The galleries, like the pi1lars in the mamelons, also appear divergent in the mamelons. The astrorhizal canals are round, 0.20 to 0.45 mm in dia:meter and scattered in the section. Larger astror hizae, 0.50 mm in diameter occur at the centre of low mamelons. Tangential section: - The laminae are indistinct. The pillars are irregular, continuous, forming a radial pattern around the centres of the astrorhizae. The tissue is compact. The mamelons are not conspicuous. The scattered astrorhizal canals are small, like worms. Discussion: - The conspicuous thick pi1la.rs, discontinuous laminae which have dark median microlaminae, low mamelons, scattered and axial astrorhizae characterize T. cerviInintanum Stearn in the collection. It differs from Stromatopora cooperi Lecompte in its lack of melanospheric tissue, its thick, distinct pillars and its laminae. Marginal vacuoles in the pillars are not abundant. It resembles .:L. porosum Lecompte but can be distinguished by the kind of vacuoles in the skeletal elements. The laminae in No. 49343C are not as distinctly dark as No. 49343D, but other skeletal features are siInilar. Occurrence: - First Red Bed 1. G.S.C. No. 49343C c' 2. G.S.C. No. 49343D 47 Both specimens are from the interval 2890 ft. to 2902 ft. Trupetostroma ~. Pl. 8, Figs 3 -5. Exterior:- Coenosteum is massive, fragments, 6.5 to 9 cm in diameter, up to 10 cm high and cylindrical in shape. The laminae are seen on the polished surface. Vertical section: - The laminae are undulating, discontinuous, o . 05 to O. 15 mm in thicknes s, with dark microlaminae. The laminae are spaced 10 -12 in 2 mm. The microlaminae are 0.01 to 0.025 mm thick, and curved. The microstructure is compact, transversely ( ) fibrous and the microlaminae are composed of a line of clot-like melanospheres. The pillars are short, thicker than the laminae, 0.10 to 0.20 mm thick, superposed and spool-shaped. They are 6 - 8 in 2 mm, apparently passing through laminae. The pillars are dark, melanospheric on the edge and finely fibrous and lighter inside. The galleries are round, or rectangular with rounded corners, O. 10 mm wide and 0.25 mm in length and superposed without forming pseudozooidal tubes. The curved laminae form mamelons which are occupied axially by astrorhizae. The astrorhizal canals are superposed from i .. :~. 48 ct one mamelon to the next. The astrorhizal canals are from O. 15 to 0.50 mm long. The astrorhizae have dark tabulae, 0.01 to 0.05 mm thick of transverse1y fibrous tissue. Tangential section: - The 1aminae and pillars are confluent and of transverse1y fibrous tissue. The galle ries are vermicular in shape, 0.10 mm in average width. The astrorhizae are, in part, ab und ant, bigger at the base, radial1y symmetrical. The smal1er ones are O. 10 to 0.20 mm diameter and scattered. The tabulae are dark and have secondary thickening of transverse1y fibrous tissue. Discussion: - The species 1eve1 identification is difficult be- cause the s:pecies is mixed with other stroms and in a poor state of preservation in parts. Favositids are commonly associated with Trupetostroma. Occurrence:- Duperow Formation G.S.C. No. 48357AandB Depth from 2330 ft. to 2351 ft. Family Idiostromatidae Nicholson, 1886 Genus Stachyodes Bargatzky, 1881 Type speeies - Staehyodes ramosa Bargatzky, 1881, Zeit. Deut. Geol. Gesell., Vol. 33, p. 688; Nicholson 1886, Pa1eont. Soc., Vol. 39, p. 107; KUhn, 1939 in Schindewolf, Handbuch PalUozoo10gie, ( p. A 52; 1942, Zool. Anz., Leipzig, Vol. 140, p. 250; Lecompte, 1952, Inst. Roy. SeL Nat. Belgique, Mem. 117, p. 298; Gal10way, 1957, Bull. Amer. Pa1eont. Vol. 37, No. 164, p. 444; Gal10way and Ehlers, 1960, Contr. Mus. Pa1eont. Univ. Mich. AnnArbour, 15-4-1960, pp. 39-120, pl. 1-13; Stearn, 1963, Jour •. Paleonto10gy, Vol. 37, No. 3, p~ 660. 49 "Coenosteurn dendroid, pierced by an axial tabulated tube (or tubes) from which a series of canals branch off parallel and per- pendicular to the laminae to emerge at the surface. Laminae poorly defined, consisting of fine dark lines in the lighter tissue, forming an arch in axial sections, concentric with the axial tube in cross sections. Tissue, vague1y striated perpendicular to the laminae, occupies the whole of the coenosteum. between the canals and no true galleries are present. This tissue is separated into pi1lar -like forms by the radially emerging canals near the periphery. rr In cross section, the structure of this genus is conveniently described in terms of an axial zone where the laminae cannot be dis- ( ) tinguished, and a peripheral zone where concentric lam.inae and pillar-like tissue are cut by the plane of the section. In the des- cription which follows, the laminae are regarded as the dark fine lines in the tissue rather than as the tissue between the lines as re commended by Galloway (1957, p. 445)." (Stearn, 1963, p. 660) . .Stachyodes costulata Lecompte Pl. 8, Figs 6, 7. Stachyodes costulata Lecompte, 1952, pp. 309-310, Pl. 64, fig 3, Pl. 65, figs 1-4; Stearn, 1963, p. 660, Pl. 86, figs 4, 5. Exterior: - Coenosteurn is dendroid and embedded in the dark ( ) grey to dark brown coloured limestone. The coenosteum size is vari- able, 1 to 3 cm in diameter and 2-6 cm in 1ength. 50 Cross-section: - The coenostea are cylindrical, branched once, 5 to 10. 5 mm in diameter. The canals are prominent in both the axial zone and the peripheral zone. One or two big canals, o. 30 to 0.40 mm, occupy the central part of the axial zone. Small canals 0.05 to 0.10 mm in diameter are also present in this zone. In general the canals of the axial zone are bigger and unbranched, more circular than the canals of the peripheral zone. The peripheral canals are radial 0.05 to 0.15 mm in diameter, and many of them are 0.40 mm long; perpendicular to the margins and irregularly distributed. Galleries cannot be distinguished. Sorne pillars are distinct and radially distributed, only dark tissue spearates them. They are spaced 6 to 8 in 2 mm. Laminae, 0.01 to 0.03 mm in thickness, are concentric, line-like and absent in the axial zone. The tissue is dark, granular and dusty. Axial Section: - Similar to the cross -section in the inconspicuous pillars and line-like concentric laminae. Axial zone is 1. 25 mm across and 3.50 mm long in the largest coenosteum sectioned. The axial canal is unbranched, 0.20 in diameter, 1.5 mm in greatest length, with mostly straight walls. The small round canals, 0.05 to O. 14 mm in diameter, are widely scattered throughout the section. The laminae appear to be parallel along the axial canal concentric with the growing end of the coenosteum. The tissue in the peripheral zone is darker. The characteristic striations are absent in the species. 51 Tangential Section: - A network of thick tissue, darker in the peripheral zone, pierced by roUnd canals which make up as much \"t as 30 per cent of the section. The round astrorhizal canals ofJl.axial those of zone are bigger thanlthe peripheral zone. The astrorhizae are widely scattered throughout the section. Discussion: - This species is associated with corals, brachiopods and Anostylostroma. In 48356A, the coenosteum is branched. Stachyodes costulata Lecompte is characterized by large coenostea, prominent axial canals, dense, solid structure of the coenosteum with few canals. The laIninae of the Saskatchewan specimens are more distinct and better preserved than those of the specimens described by Lecompte 1952 and Stearn 1963, but there is a marked absence of striations in Stachyodes costulata Lecompte in the present collection. Occurrence: - Duperow Formation G. S. C. No. 48356B Depth from 2427 ft. to 2446 ft. First Red Bed G. S. C. No. 49343E Depth from 2890 ft. to 2902 ft. 52 ("1l \&, Stachyodes cf. thomasclarki Stearn, 1963 Pl. 8, Fig 8; Pl. 9, Fig 1. Stachyodes thomasclarki Stearn, 1963; Jour. Paleont., Vol. 37, No. 3, pp. 661-662, Pl. 86, figs 9-11; Pl. 87, fig 1. Exterior: - CoenosteUlll is tubular, branching, 3 to 6 cm in diameter. The coenostea are embedded in the limestone. Cros s -s ection - Coenostea range from 3 to 6 cm in diameter in sections examined. The axial canals are prominent and mostly large, from 0.25 to 0.75 mm in diameter. These axial canals are generally single, and occupy the center of coenostea. Smaller canals, 0.05 to 0.15 mm in diameter are with distinct to ( indistinct radial branching distributed in the peripheral zone. To- wards the peripheral zone the radial branching is distinct in sorne sections. The canals are perpendicular to the edge in the peripheral zone. Pi1lars are 0.05 mm wide near the axial zone and 0.20 mm near the periphery. The pillars are compact and somewhat lUlllpy in outline. They are at places spool-shaped and superposed with the thinner part towards the axial zone and the thicker towards the periphery. Laminae are not prominent, line -like, di sc ontinuous , with compact tissue and dark granules. Axial section: - The canals in the axial zone are 0.20 to 0.40 mm in diameter and ~re surrounded by smaller canals or pores. 53 In one section the canal is bOlUlded by regular sides for 0.40 mm. Canals run both parallel and perpendicular to the margins. Tangential section: - About 60% tissue, pierced by round canals, which are c10sely set and evenly spaced. Discussion: - The association with corals is common. The species is characterized by the large size of the canals in the axis of the coenosteum, and pillars extending up to the axial zone. Lam- inae are poor1y defined. Occurrence: - Duperow Formation G. S.C. No. 48354b ( ) Depth from 2365 ft. to 2380 ft. Family Stromatoporidae Winchell, 1867 Genus Ferestromatopora Yavorsky, 1955 Type species, Ferestromatopora krupennikovi Yavorsky, 1955, Trudy Vsesoyuznogo Nauchno-issledovate1skogo Geol. Inst., Minister. Geol. i Ochrany Nedr, nov. ser., Vol. 8, p. 109, Pl. 58, figs 1-5; Galloway, 1957, Bull. Amer. Paleont., Vol. 37, No. 164, p. 446; Stearn, 1963, Journ. Pa1eont., Vol. 37, No. 3, p. 665. Coenosteum is composed of an irregular network of amal- gamate tissue in which horizontal elements are prominent but rarely continuously deve10ped and in which galleries are irregular, oblique, but rare1y vertically e10ngate as in Stromatopora. Pseudozooidal tubes are mis sing. 54 Fereatromatopora parkai Stearn c' Pl. 9, Fige 2-S ...... Fereetromatopora jacqu'feneie Galloway, Stearn, 1961, Jour. Paleontology Vol. 35, No. S, pp. 943-944, Pl. 107, fige 4-5 (mispelling for F. jacquesensis Galloway). Ferestromato" ~sp. Stearn, 1963, Jour. Paleontology, Vol. 37, No. 3, pp. 651-668, Pl. 8'~ figiJ. ro. F. parksi Stearn (in press, Geologi cal Survey of Canada Bulletin). Exterior:- Coenosteum massive, large and bulboue to spherical; 10 cm in diameter, with indistinct low mamelons on weathered surfaces. Latilaminae 3 to 4 in 1 cm and 0.20 cm in thickness. The distinctive astrorhizal canals, are bilaterally symmetrical, and trifurcate on both sides. (.1 Vertical section:- Laminae and pillars amalgamated into an irregular network and composed of cellular tiBsue which locally is finely to coarsely melanospheric. Laminae well formed; persistent, slightly undulating but not forming mamelons. In some parts they are regularly spaced, separated by 0.25 to 0.30 mm; 7-8 in 2 mm, ranging from 0.05 to O. 10 mm in thickness, showing discontinuous dark microlaminae, 10 to 50 microns in thickness. Dark melanospheres form ropy microlaminae locally. Most of the melanospherea are 25 to 40 microns across but locally some may be 100 microns in diameter. Where the laminae are close, O. 10 mm apart, the me1anospheres appear to be arranged in horizontal and vertical series. The microstructure ls melanospheric and cellular. The distance between melanospheres themselves i8 irregular. 55 Pillars less prominent than laminae; same dark colour as the laminae; short, mostly confined to an interlaminar space, not super- posed, sporadic, vertical and oblique to the laminae. The spacing of the pillars is irregular 6-10 in 2 mm, thickness, 0.05 to 0.15 mm, averaging 0.08 mm. The cellules and melanospheres are con- centrated centrally in vertical rows. The microstructure of the pillars, on the sides is finely transversely fibrous. Galleries are irregular in shape and size, round, elongate and not superposed. Astrorhizal canals are prominent, sporadic and irregular in distribution. They are bilaterally symmetrical and tri- furcate on both sides with acute angles. Astrorhizae are 0.25 to 0.60 mm in diameter and 1. 5 to 3. 0 mm long, and at their bas e O. 80 mm wide and branched. Locally large holes, probably astrorhizal canals add irregularity to the structure. In the neighbourhood of the astrorhizae, the structure is strongly amalgamate, sorne canals look like Caunopora tubes. The tabulae of the astrorhizal canals have a dark median line and are transversely fibrous. Pseudozooidal tubes are absent. Tangential section: - Branching, dendritic astrorhizal canals, low mamelons and cut pillars are important skeletal characteristics in tangential sec tion. Laminae make incomplete, circular bands forming mamelon t[,\ ' columns. Pillars and laminae are amalgamate. A few pillars are 56 ( ) dot-like, without radial arms, or vermicular, or fused into the network. The tissue is characteristically melanospheric and cellular. The melanospheres and cellules are irregular in dia meter, 10 to 50 microns, c~:rYYl"mO'\itv 10 microns. The tissue is granular and vacuolate in texture. Galleries are highly irregu lar, or round. Prominent as trorhizal canals, branching extensivel y, form a dendritic pattern. At the base they are 0.60 to 0.80 mm in diameter, up to 5.0 mm long, and occupy locally 50% to 70% of tangential sections. Discussion: - This species is characterized by regular c ) laminae, short irregular pillars, and absence of the pseudozooi dal tubes in vertical section. Both laminae and pillars are coarsely melanospheric, cellular and in parts fibrous. Astrorhizal canals are conspicuous in vertical and tangential sections. Lack of pseudo:l.ooidal tubes separates Ferestromatopora from Stromatopora. This species differs from Ferestromatopora contexta Stearn in the greater regularity of laminae, their spacing, the coarse melanospheric and cellular tissue of laminae and pillars and the more prominent astrorhizal canals. Sporadic astrorhizal canals in vertical and tangential sections separate it from Ferestro matopora jacquesensis Galloway. ( 57 Occurrence: - a single specimen, Duperow Formation G. S. C. No. 48244 B; Depth from 2310 ft. to 2330 ft. Genus Stromatopora Goldfuss 1826 Type species Stromatopora concentrica Goldfuss, 1826, Petrefacta Germaniae, lst ed., Vol. 1, p. 22, Pl. 8, fig 5; Nicholson, 1886, Palaeont. Soc., Vol. 39, p. 91, Pl. 11, figs 15-:-18; 1891, Vol. 44, p. 164, Pl. 21, figs 1-3 (topotypes); Ripper, 1937, Proc. Roy. Soc. Victoria, N.S., Vol. 49, p. 184; KUhn, 1939, in Schindewolf, Handbuch PalHozoologie, p. A44; Lecompte, 1952, Inst. Roy. Sci. Nat. Belgique, Mem. 117, p. 263; Yavorsky, 1955, ( Trudy Vsesoyuznogo Nauchnoissledovatelskogo Geol. Inst., Minister. Geol. i Ochrany Nedr, nov. ser., Vol. 8, pp. 81-109, PIs. 42-57; Gallowayand St. Jean, 1957, Bull. Amer. Paleont., Vol. 37, No. 162, p. 164; Ga1loway and St. Jean, 1957, Bull. Amer. Paleont., Vol. 37, No. 164, p. 447; Stearn (in press Paleontology). CoenosteUIn massive to laminar, composed of latilamina.e, which in turn are usually composed of thin, close -set, discontinuous microlaminae. Microlaminae composed of a Une of dark granules, or a clear path in the tissue, are present in sorne species. Laminae are thickened by secondary, cellular tissue, leaving sma1l galleries. Pseudo-zooidal tubes are formed by filling tissue which serves as pillars. The tissue is greater in amount than.the ga1leries and is amalgamate. Tissue is cellular. ( 58 C.' Astrorhizae weIl deve1oped; sorne specimens with mam.e1ons; dissepiments usual1y rare. Stromatopora 1am.inosa Lecompte Pl. 9, Figs 6 - 8 Stromatopora 1am.inosé't Lecompte, 1952, Inst. Roy. Sci. Nat. Belgique, Mem. 117, p. 276, Pl. 55, fig 3, Pl. 56, figs 1, 2. Galloway and St. Jean, 1957, Bull. Amer. Pa1eont., Vol. 37, No. 162, pp. 174-176, Pl. 14, figs la, b, 2. Exterior:- Coenosteurn of the single specimen is massive, small, 3 cm in diam.eter. Mam.e1ons are very low and 4 mm to 10 mm apart from centre to centre. The astrorhizae are not distinct. Vertical section: - The structure is composed of dark micro- ( 1am.inae, indistinct pillars, round gal1eries and smaIl astrorhizae. The 1am.inae are marked only by dark micro1am.inae, 0.01 to 0.20 mm thick, undulating, concentric and spaced 9 to Il in 1 mm. Me1anospheres in the tissue are 0.01 to 0.02 mm in diam.eter and dis- tributed be10w or above micro1am.inae. The pillars are indistinct, 0.08 to 0.15 mm, short, spoo1-shaped and me1anospheric in micro- structure. The ga11eries are mostly round, 0.07 to 0.20 mm, sorne 'irregular and sorne superposed for a short distance, making a few irregular thin pseudo-zooidal tubes. Me1anospheres border the round galleries. These round ga11eries are sporadic in distribution. The ( pseudozooidal tubes are few, narrow, 0.05 mm and short. 59 c) The astrorhizal canals are small, 0.20 mm in diameter, 2. 5 mm long, branching and appear to be axial in the low mamelons. Tangential section: - The vertical and the horizontal skeletal elements are amalgamated; the melanospheric tissue is distinct. The astrorhizae are small, 0.08 to 0.15 mm in diameter, and 2.2 mm long, branching and irregular. The mamelon colurnns are low, with axial astrorhizal canals. Discussion: - Stromatopora laminosa Lecompte is distinguished by the dark micro1aminae, lack of distinct and long pi1lars, round, small, abundant gal1eries and the small branching astrorhizae. The 1ack of distinct and thick pillars distinguishes this species ( from Stromatopora cooperi Lecompte. It differs from S. dubia Lecompte in the presence of pseudozooidal tubes. The long pillars and long pseudozooidal tubes distinguish it from Stromatopora goldfussi Bargatzky. The specimens of Stromatopora laminosa is associated with Stachyodes. Occurrence: - First Red Bed G. S. No. 49343F Depth from 2890 ft. to 2902 ft. Stromatopora cooperi Lecompte Pl. 10, Figs 1 - 8; Pl. 11, Figs 1,2. ( Stromatopora cooperi Lecompte, 1952, pp. 285-288, Pl. 59, fig 2, Pl. 60, figs 1-4; Stearn, 1963, Jour. Paleont., Vol. 37, No. 3, ,.'... 60 C· \ p.664, Pl. 88, fig 2. Taleastroma coope1'Ï (Lecompte), Galloway, 1957, Bull. Amer. Pa1eont., Vol. 37, No. 164, p. 448. Exterior:- Coenosteum is massive, hemispherical, up to 5.6 cm in diameter, 3.5 cm wide and up to 4.0 cm high. The sur- face is undulating with astrorhizae but mamelons and latilaminae ".were not observed. Vertical section: - The. laminae and pillars are irregular, in development and distribution, showing amalgamate structure in parts of the section, distinctly separated in other parts. The laminae, 0.05 to o. 70mm thick, are straight, slightly curved and discontinuous. The laminae consist commonly of a light ( ) axial zone and dark (bitUlllinous) zones at the bottom and top, all of the same thickness, 0.02 to 0.05 mm, depending upon the total thick- ness of laminae. They are spaced 8 to 14 in 2 mm. The micro- structure is coarsely melanospheric, cellular, transversely fibrous, and flocculent. The melanospheres are irregularly distributed 0.015 to 0.025 mm in diameter. Pores appear to be slightly bigger in dia- meter than the neighbouring melanospheres. Melanospheres border the laminae. The laminae have well crystallized calcite, whose growth is perpendicular to the element. Pillars are thick, 0.05 to 0.25 mm, commonly 0.10 to 0.15 mm, short (0.25 mm) and long (up to 1. 5 mm), paralle1 in parts, spool-shaped in places and vertical and oblique to laminae. 61 Cl The spacing of pillars ranges from 6 to 12 in 2 mm. The micro structure is stronïly melanospheric and the dark melanospheres, 0.01 to 0.04 mm are arranged along the edges of the tissue. Tissue is melanospheric and porous as in laminae, but there are 3 to 5 alternating vertical dark and light rows darker on the edges. The coarse melanospheric tissue is distinct in the amalgamated parts of the structure where the melanospheres are darker and up to 0.07 mm in diameter. The galleries are restricted, 0.05 to 0.13 mm wide, round, elongated, forming pseudozooidal tubes and crossed by dark micro laminae. Astrorhizal canals are present, O. 10 to 0.25 mm in dia meter, branching, and up to 2.5 mm long. The dissepiments are small, arched or oblique and cross the pseudozooidal tubes. Tangential section: - The pillars and laminae are amalga mate and form an irregillar vermicillar pattern. The tissue is coarsely melanospheric, cellillar and darker in colour. Melanospheres and cellules are of uniform size and arranged around circular, elongated and irregular galleries. The melanospheres generally have a solid centre, but light lumina at the centre are not rare. The astrorhizal canals are abundant and more conspicuous than in vertical section. The large astrorhizal canals are 0.50 to 0.8 mm across at the base, branching repeatedly sometimes in a radial dendritic pattern. ( ) 62 ( Discussion: - The species is retained in Stromatopora because it has thick pillars, conspicuous pseudozooidal tubes and coarsely melanospheric microstructure of the skeletal elements, even though it has laminae with microlaminae, and melanospheric tissue with compact central area comparable with Taleastroma. It differs from Stromatopora cygnea' Stearn in its lack of latilaminae, its centrally compact tissue with walls of dark melano- spheric tissue and Us distinct laminae and pillars. The coarsely melanosp~erictissue of the walls of the structural elements and fibrous or fLocculent tissue at the centre, distinguish it from ~ingostroma ? confertum. Stearn. It appears to be similar to Stromato- pora laminosa Lecompte but differs in the absence of mamelons and Lmm diameter the size of the melanospheres (O. 08)",in the pillars. The specimen G. S. C. No. 49342B is associated with Amphipora and possibly Stachyodes. Occurrence: - Souris River Formation G. S. C. No. 49342 G. S. C. No. 49342B Both specimens are from the same interval 2797 ft. to 2805 ft. Dawson Bay Formation f \ G.S.C. No. 49343* Depth from 2890 ft. to 2902 ft. ( , 63 )~The First Red Bed lithologically corresponds to the thickness 2880. 1 to 2900.7 feet, but the recorded depth of the specimen G. S.C. No. 49343 (above) is from 2890 to 2902 feet. However, the First Red Bed extends only up to 2900.7 feet and this speci- men is a dark brown to black dolomitic limestone which suggests , a position in the upper part of the Dawson Bay Formation (2900.7 to 3058.9 feet). Genus Syringostroma Nicholson, 1875 Type species, S. densum Nicholson, 1875, Palaeont. Ohio, Vol. 2, pt. 2, p. 251, Pl. 24, fig 2; Parks, 1909, Univ. Toronto Studies, Geol. Ser., No. 6, p. 8; Ripper, 1937, Proc. Ci Roy. Soc. Victoria, N. S., Vol. 49, p. l79;KIDm, 1939, in Scmndewolf, Handbuch Palaozoologie, p. A46; Lecompte, 1951, Inst. Roy. Sei. Nat. Belgique, Mem. 116, p. 195; Yavorsky, 1955, Trudy Vsesoyoznogo, Nauchno -issledovatelskogo, Geol. Inst. ,Minister. Geol. i Ochrany Nedr, nov. ser., Vol. 8, pp. 128-136, PIs. 68-72; Galloway, 1957, Bull. Amer. Paleont., Vol. 37, No. 164, pp. 448-449; Stearn, (in press, Paleontology). Coenosteum massive 01 tuberose, composed of latilaminae and thin, porous laminae. Interlaminar spaces largely filled with melano- spheric tissue, leaving small oval and narrow, superposed galleries. Pillars large and short; the large pillars are usually marked by sharp upturns of the laminae, and are filled with more melanospheric compact, r' ti~;:;ue. Some species show fiat lanlmae. Tang- ential section with large, roundish pillars or concentric circles; CI ~".;. ' 64 round or irregular small pillars and round and anastomosing galleries. Astrorhizae largely developed. Syringostroma ? confertum Stearn, (in press) Pl. 8, Figs 1, 2. Taleastroma ? confertum Stearn, 1962, pp. 10-11, Pl. 5, figs 1 - 3, 1:.:. ? confertum Stearn, 1963, p. 667, Pl. 88, figs 7 -8; S. confertum Stearn, (in press, Bull. Geoi. Surv. Canada). Exterior - The coenosteum is large and hemispherical, Il cm high, with a radius of 4.5 cm. The latilaminae are distinct on the surface, but no mamelons or astrorhizae were seen. Vertical section - Thin horizontal plates connect the c pillars. The pillars are more prominent and thicker than the laminae. The pillars are superposed, even through latilaminae and appear to be continuous. Thepillars range in thickness from 100 microns to a maximum of 300 microns, averaging 170 microns. The spacing of pillars is 6 to 9 in 2 mm. The tissue is compact and. fibrous. The marginal areas of pillars are dark, ragged, with vacuoles, 10 to 20 microns in diameter. The pillars are lighter in col our inside. The laminae are very indistinct and marked hy dis con- tinuous microlaminae 10 to 20 microns thick. The latilaminae are ( () 65 dis tinc t, range in thickne s s from o. 50 to 3. 0 mm, and have many local undulations due to the mamelons. The microlaminae are the distinct horizontal structure because the galleries are highly reduced and commonly in contact with each other. The inicrolaminae are 24 to 30 in 2 mm. The tissue is compact and similar to that in the pillars. The astrorhizae are scattered and appear as round . holes, 0.15 to 0.35 mm in diameter. Tangential section - The preservation of the skeletal elements is poor. Laminae are indistinct bands of denser tissue. Pillars form a net-work of vacuolate tissue. Astrorhizal canals ( are small. Discussion - The species is poorly preserved and cannot be identified specifically. Therefore, it is compared with Syringo stroma? confertum Stearn (in press) with which it is generally similar. The following are the features of the species described here: 1. The predominant, continuous pillars are ragged on borders with black granules and vacuoles. 2. The latilamina are distinct, both megascopically and under the stereo microscope. 66 ( \ 3. The micro1aminae, both dark and co1our1ess, are 24 to 30 in 2 mm. 4. The astrorhizae are scattered and appear as round ho1es, O. 15 to 0.35 mm in diameter. Occurence- Duperow Formation G.SC. No. 48351E Depth from 2397 feet to 2406 feet. Dawson Bay Formation G. S.C. No. 49346A () Depth from 2928 feet to 2933 feet. Genus Paralle1opora Bargatzky, 1881 oetio1ata Type species - Paralle1opora Bargatzky, first se1ected hy Nicholson, 1891. Pa1aeontographica1 Soc, vol. 44, T"l. 193 Galloway, 1957, Bull. Amer. Pa1eont., Vol. 37, No. 164, pp. 450-451; Yavorsky, 1955. Trudy Vsesoyuzongo Nauchnoiss1edo - vate1skogo Geol. lnst., Minister, Geol. i Ochrany Nedr, nov. sec. , Vol. 8, p. 173; Galloway, 1960, Jour. Pa1eont., Vol. 34, No. 4, p. 632; Lecompte, 1952, lnst. Roy. Sci. Nat. Belgique, Mem. 117, p. 292, Pl. 51, figs 3, 3a-c. Stearn, (in press -- Pa1eonto1ogy) . "Coenosteum 1aminar to massive, composed of thin 1aminae or multiple micro1aminae with maculate (me1anospheric) ( 67 tissue between, abève, and below the microlarninae. Pillars large, continuous, composed of small, parallel, vertical tubules and vertical rods or columns of dark dots; in tangential section the pillars are roundish in the interlarninar spaces and irregular and connected in the larninae. Galleries superposed, making pseudo- zooidal tubes (the parallel pores of Bargatzky), not characteristic but occuring in other genera with continuous pillars; dissepiments uncommon; tissue coarsely maculate (melanospheric). In tangential section the galleries are round, vermiculate and anastomosing; astrorhizae large and numerous" (Galloway, 1957, p. 450). Stearn (in press - Palaeontology) diagnoses Parallelopora as follows: - "Coenosteum of arnalgarnate structure with thick continuous, long pi1lars and thick larninae generally composed of microlarninae. Tissue microreticulate and cellules large, comparable in diameter to the thickness of pi1lars. Cellules of pillars so large and c10sely spaced that they reduce darker speckled tissue to a tenuous three- dimensionallattice of strands and rods or to subspherical melano- spheres". Parallelopora pellucida (Yavorsky) 1955 Pl. 11, Fig s 3 - 6. ( \. ",'... \ 68 ( i Stromatopora pellucida Yavorsky, 1955, Trudy Vsesoyuznogo Naucho-iss1edova-te1skogo Geol. Inst., Minis ter . Geol. i Ochrany Nedr., new ser., Vol. 8, p. 91, Pl. 39, fig 7; Pl. 48, figs 5, 6 (mid. Dev. , Russia). . Paral1elopora,Eellucida (Yavorsky) Galloway, 1960, Jour. Paleont., Vol. 34, No. 4, p. 633, Pl. 77, figs la and lb. Exterior - Coenosteu.:m is massive and associated with a coral and Hammatostroma. Mamelons and astrorhizal canals are indistinct. Undulating 1aminae can be seen on sorne vertical surfaces. Vertical section - The species is attached to Hammato- stroma cystosurn n. sp. The 1aminae of the two stromatoporoids are aligned but there are marked differences in the horizontal c) ske1etal e1ements at the contact zone. Laminae are regular, 6 to 8 in 2 mm and wavy forming distinct mamelon co1u.:mns. Their thick- ness is variable, o. 10 mm to 0.40 mm, averaging 0.12 mm. Three to 4 sharp dark micro1aminae are separated by light or c1ear, 0.0 l -. 0.02 mm thick areas. The tissue is fine1y cellular. Paralle10pora ostio1ata Bargatzky and superposed 10cal1y near the micro1aminae. Pillars are short and long, regularly superposed, variable in thick- ness 0.01 to 0.40 mm, spaced 5 to 7 in 2 mm. The pillar tissue is me1anospheric, forming one or two vertical series, not making tubules and rods as in Paral1e10pora ostio1ata, but vertical1y striated. Galleries are rounded, o. 10 mm high, gal1eries up to 0.50 mm wide and superposed. Astrorhizae are 0.25 mm in diameter and c.) 69 up to 2 mm long, less branching than in ~ ostiolata, and generally localized in the mamelon axes. The tabulae in the canals are curved and of transversely fibrous tissue. Tangential section - Pillars are large, O. 10 to 0.15 mm ·in diameter and dot-like in section between laminae.. This section does not show the microlaminae. Galleries are irregular. Astror- hizal canals are irregular and can be confused with the galle ries . Discussion - Parallelopora pellucida Yavorsky is character- ized by three to four microlaminae in the laminae, cellular tissue, not forming vertical tiers or tubules, thick distinct pillars, giving rise to the laminae. Occurrence - Single specimen Duperow Formation G. S.C. No. 48352 C-bj The depth from 2392 feet to 2397 feet. Genus Clathrocoilona Yavorsky, 1931 Stromatoporella (part) Lecompte, 1951, Inst. Roy. Sci. 1 Nat. Belgique, Mem. 116, p. 152j Galloway, 1957, Bull. Amer. J Paleont., Vol. 37, No. 164, p. 451, Pl. 35, fig 8. Type species, Clathrocoilona abeona Yavorsky, 1931, Bull. United Geol. and Prosp. Service, U. S. S.R., Vol. 50, fasc. 94, ( p. 1407, Pl. 1, figs 9-lljPl. 2, figs 1,2, 2a(MiddleDevonian, S.W. 70 ()',. Border Kuznetsk Basin, Russia); 1955, Trudy Vsesoyuznogo Nauchoissledovatelskogo Geol. Inst., Minister, Geol. i Ochrany N edr. nov. se r., Vol. 8, pp. 38, 39, Pl. 13, fig s 1 - 7. Coenostewn lamellar to massive; laminae thick, tri- partite, with white median layer. Pillars mostly confined to one interlaminar space, spool-shaped in vertical section and frequently superposed, oval in cross -section but not hollow rings. Galleries round or oval, scarcely higher than the laminae are thick, with thin dis sepiments, and additionallarger, round or elongate oval cavities with tabulae, the astrorhizal, canals. Tissue melanospheric to melano~heric coarsely / , pores and large cavities present. Mamelons c and astrorhizae occur. Clathrocoilona sp. Pl. 11, fig 7. Exterior - Coenostewn is massive, large, hemispherical in shape, with irregular' 'd:~aQ. surface. Vertical section - The laminae are undulating, with light and dark conspicuous microlaminae, discontinuous, cyst-like. The microlaminae are 0.01 to 0.02 mm thick and spaced 18 - 22 in 2 mm. The tissue is melanospheric, pigmented, and fibrous. The pillars are short, spool-shaped, irregular and rarely superposed. The pillars are fibrous and melanospheric in microstruqture. Galleries "'" 71 are rOWld and vermicl.Üar. The astrorhizae are indistinct. The specimen has grown over and aroWld Stachyodes. Preservation of tangential sections is poor. Discussion - Clathrocoilona sp. is characterized by 1aminae with micro1arninae, dark or light and short inter- 1aminar pillars. Poor preservation prevents further study. Occurrence - Duperow Formation G.S.C. No. 48852 Depth from 2446 feet to 2452 feet. C' ( C) APPENDIX 72 . ( ~. APPENDIX l The stratigraphie horizon, depth from collar of shaft, samp1e nurnber and stromatoporoid species identified from Esterhazy Shaft is given be10w for each specimen. Formation Depth G. S. C. Stromatoporoid Species (in feet) No. Duperow 2296- 48241A Actinostroma c1athratum Formation 2310 Nicholson 48241B Hammatostroma cystosum n. sp. 48241C Associated - Actinostroma c1athratwn Nicholson, c Stromatopora sp. and coral 2288- 48243 Actinostroma c1athratum 2296 Nicholson 2310- 48244A Actinostroma c1athratum 2330 Nicholson 48244B Ferestrornatopora parksi Stearn 2397- 48351A Actinostroma c1athratum 2406 Nicholson 48351B ~ c1athratwn Nicholson ( \ 48351C A. c1athratwn Nicholson associated with Trupetostroma sp. \: 73 Formation Depth G. S. C. Stromatoporoid Species (in feet) No. Actinostroma 4835lD-a* .rclathratmn Nichois on -b~.c Trupetostroma cf. warreni Parks 4835lE Syringos troma ? confertum Stearn 2392- 48352A Actinostroma clathratum 2397 Nicholson 48352B Actinostroma clathratum Nicholson (- ) 48352C-a* Hammatostroma cystosmn n. sp. associated with Actinostroma sp. 48352C -b* Parallelopora pellucida Yavorsky 48352D Trupetostroma ? raricystosum Galloway and St. Jean Actinostroma 2380- 48353 j cl athratmn Nicholson 2392 48354a* Actinostroma clathratum Nicholson C) G. S. C. nmnbered specimens have been split as a, b, c, by the author, where a single nmnber held more than one stromatoporoid species. 74 (l Forznation Depth G. S. C. Stroznatoporoid Species (in feet) No. 48354 b* Stachyodes cf. thoznasc1arki Stearn 2365- 48354 c~r Trupetostrozna porosuzn 2380 Lecoznpte 48354 d* Trupetostrozna coa1escens Galloway and St. Jean 48354 F* Actinostrozna c1athratuzn Nicholson 2427- 48356 Trupetostrozna porosuzn 2446 Lecoznpte 48356B Stachyodes costulata Lecoznpte 2330- 48357A Trupetostrozna sp. 2351 48357B Trupetostrozna sp. 2452- 48852 C1athrocoilona sp. 2456 ( 75 C""\ J' Formation Depth G. S. C. Stromatoporoid Species (in feet) No. Souris River 2797- 49342 Stromatopora cooperi Formation 2805 Lecompte 49342 B Stromatopora cooperi Lecompte First Red 2890- 49343 Stromatopora cooperi Bed 2902** Lecompte 49343 A Actinostroma clathratum Nicholson ( ) Actinostroma 49343 B ..~ëlathratum Nicholson 49343 C Trupetostroma cervimontanum Stearn 49343 D T. cervimontanum Stearn 49343 E Stachyodes costulata Lecompte 49343F Stromatopora laminosa Lecompte ** The First Red Bed lithologically corresponds to the thickness 2880.1 to 2900.7 ft., but the recorded depth of the speci men G. S. C. No. 49343 is from 2890 to 2902 feet. However, the ( First Red Bed extends only up to 2900.7 feet and this specimen is a dark brown to black, do1omitic limestone which suggests a position inthe upper part of the Dawson Bay Formation (2900.7 to 3058.9 feet). c\ 76 Formation Depth G. S.C. Stromatoporoid Species (:in feet) No. Dawson 49344 B Actinostroma c1athratmn Bay Nicholson Formation 2902- 49346A Syringostroma ? confertmn 2914 Stearn 2956- 49349 Anost,ylostroma cf. 2966 aneolmnna Tyler 49349B Act:inostroma clathratmn Nicholson ( ) ( /"\ ."'".__ / .--. APPENDIX II The following geological description the Devonian part of the section in the Esterhazy Shaft (Gerald #3) has been obtained from the International Minerals and Chemical Corporation, :--0 Esterhazy, Saskatchewan. The sequence followed in describing the rock types indicates only the average thickness of rock types in order G~ abundance and not the stratification. Period Depth Thickness Rock types with aggregate thickness (in feet). and from the of the Formation surface Formation (in feet) Upper 1894.8- 92.4 Calcarenite (34.4) Devonian 1987.2 Aggregate thicknes s is the maximum in the Nisku formation, - Nisku Beige, spotted black and tan; mainly macrocrystalline, sorne Formation sub-angular limestone pebbles are 0.25 inch; conchoidal fracture, massive; low porosity; wavy and pebbly bands and contains brachiopods; composition varying, limestone 50% - 76%, dolomite 14% - 50%. Anhydrite (19. 8) Translucent white to beige, light grey to light tan; mostIy coarsely crystalline, sugary; subconchoidal, conchoidal at sorne places, stylolitic, massive with network of fractures solidly cemented wi th gypsum; composition - anhydrite 88% - 95%, dolomite 5% - 12%. Limestone (10.4) Beige, streaked black; sugary, macrocrysta1line; finely bed ded, with c10sely spaced anhydrite bands throughout; com position - limestone 70%, dolomite 7%, anhydrite 20%. Fossils excluding stromatoporoids - productids. ..J ..J r--, ~. ,,--... "--; Period Depth Thickness Rock types with aggregate thickness (in feet). and from the of the _.-:~' Formation surface Formation (in feet) Dolomite (lO. 2) Individual beds are from 2.4 feet to 3.6 feet thick. Pale greenish brown, tan to light grey; fine grained, at sorne places with patches of anhydrite, finely bedded, wavy; low porosity, vuggy; composition - dolomite 94% - 98% and remaining anhydrite. Dolomite and anhydrite (6. 3) Dark grey, with light grey bands, beige; massive, sub conchoidal; folded into chevron pattern; finely bedded; anhydrite translucent. Dolomitic limestone (5. 1) Beige; chalky; subconchoidal; stylolitic; finely bedded; composition - limestone 30%, dolomite 27%. Dolomitic calcarenite (4.3) Olive-grey to brown; low porosity, small vugs; irregular fracture with fiat bands of secondary gypsum.; composition - dolomite 47%, limestone 40%. Shale (3.5) G.rey with num.erous bands of gypsum. and anhydrite. -.J co {'"'-, :~ .~ "---,- '...... ,- ~~_. Period Depth Thickness Rock types with aggregate thickness (in feet) • and fro:m the of the Formation surface for:mation ~::'; (in feet) Upper 1987.2- 555.2 Li:mestone (161. 4) Devonian 2542.4 The aggregate thickness of 161.4 feet is the :maxi:murn - Duperow thickness in the Duperow for:mation. The thickness and Formation the distribution of the li:mestone beds are irregular; 45 feet in the :middle of the for:mation and fro:m 7 feet to 15 feet in the upper and lower for:mation. Colour - varying, buif, buif to light buff with grey streaks. beige to brown. so:meti:mes with anhydrite; co:m:monly:micro crystalline, but so:meti:mes :macrocrystailine and :massive also; both large and s:mall anhydrite crystals scattered; at places stylolitic, algal structure, reefoid texture and occasional fetid odour; irregular porosity, low, very low. tiny vuggy. finely bedded. wavy bedding planes, argillaceous fine bands, so:meti:mes undulating bedding planes; co:mposition - varying. li:mestone 50% - 86%. dolo:mite 4% - 21%, while clay and anhydrite are :minor constituents. Fossils excluding stro:matoporoids - nurnerous brachiopods, including spiriferoids, solitary èorals, straight and tabular, lying horizontally :many fossil frag:ments, so:rneti:mes fossils re- placed by clear anhydrite. Dolo:mite (102.3) At the top of the formation, it is of :maxi:murn thickness 25.7 feet, otherwise the units range in thickness fro:m 1. 1 feet to 14.9 feet. Beds are thin, beco:me predo:minant in the lower for:mation. -.J ~ ,/"'""'-, r"'\ , ; 1"\, ...... ,. .,,...... - Period Depth Thickness Rock types with aggregate thickness (in feet). and froIIl the of the Fonnation surface forIIlation ~ ..~ (in feet) Light brown, green and light grey, light buff to dark buff, SOIIle tiInes sparkling; IIlassive, vuggy, sOIIletiIIles vugs filled with gypSUIll and anhydrite; IIlacrocrystalline. to IIlicrocrystalline; only occasional algal structures; well bedded bands with anhydrite, cross -bedded sandstone lenses - shale, anhydrite; porosity varies greatly; IIlinor slickensides and 10ad cast structure; cOIIlposition varies greatly, dolOIIlite 40% - 99%, lÏIIlestone 1% - 40%. Fossils excluding stroIIlatoporoids - in the upper fonnation, brachiopods, crinoid ossicles and shell fragIIlent. DoloIIlitic lÏIIlestone (66.4) CO:mnlonly the beds are between 3 feet to 7 feet thick, only at one place they are 10.7 feet in thickness which is the IIlaxiIIlUIll. Buff, light to dark buff, light to dark grey, spotted, creaIn coloured; algal IIlassive, IIlassive, IIlacrocrystalline, IIlicrocrystalline; CO:mnlonly with algal and stylolitic structure; porosity low, thin bedding, black anhydrite bands, dark grey argillaceous interbeds; coarse anhydrite crystals. Fossils exc1uding stroIIlatoporoids - few crinoid ossicles, corals, tabular corals, sIIlall brachiopods and fossil fragIIlents. Anhydrite (53.7)' Thickness of the beds is froIIl 0.5 feet to 17 feet. Translucent white to grey to brown, crearil to olive, bt.ûf, blue-grey; inter locking crystals; conchoidal to subconchoidal; SOIIletÏIIles stylo litic in structure; wavy and undulating bedding planes; non porous; cOIIlposition - anhydrite 86% - 100%, and the rest doloIIlite or/and 1ÏIIlestone •. 00 o ,~ ,'r-:. ~, '-' ,i Period ;: ... Depth Thickness Rock types with aggregate thickness (in feet) . and from the of the Fonnation surface fonnation (in feet) Mudstone (21. 6) Dark grey to light grey, grey-green; sometimes dolomitic 1 enticl es ; cryptocrystalline to microcrystalline; conchoidal to subconchoidal; at some places load cast structure; finely bedded; colour banding, closely spaced bands; fissile; few tiny pyrite nodules; composition - dolomitic 24% - 50%, the rest dolomite and clay. Calcarenite (21. 5) Light grey, buif, mottled dark grey; few vugs, fragmental, porosity varying, low, fair vuggy and intercrystalline porosity; clay-bands; interbedded with crystalline material; composition - limestone 55% - 69%, dolomite 11%. Fossils excluding stromatoporoids - fossil fragments, often replaced by microcrystalline limestone. Shale (18.6) Thickness of the beds between 5.2 ft. - 8 ft. Brown, grey-green; subconchoidal; commonly massive; finely bedded; sometimes anhydrite as fossil replacement. Fossils excluding stromatoporoids - numerous productids. Dolomite and anhydrite (14.6) Buff to pale brown, blue-grey, translucent brown; thinly bedded, wavy, irregular bedding, alternating dolomite and anhydrite; subconchoidal; composition - anhydrite and dolomite equal or e thicker anhydrite up to 75%. ~ ,,~ 1 :,'-""", '1.--- ,1 -.--~' "-.--' Period Depth Thickness Rock types with aggregate thickness (in feet). "J a.nd from the of the Formation surface formation (in feet) Cong1omerate (Limestone) (13.6) Dark grey, light grey, buff to greenish grey; 1 inch sub rounded lime stone pebb1es in calcareous matrix, coarser downward, often subangular limestone pebb1es up to 1î inches across, black clay and carbonate between pebbles; non-porous and low porosity; scattered bands of corals and algae; com position -limestone 70% - 86%, dolomite 9% - 22%. Dolomite and shale (7. 9) Dark grey and light grey; subconchoidal - conchoidal - irregular fracture both vertical and oblique; porosity low. Shale and anhydrite (6.2) Grey and buff; fL1'lely bedded; with many smal1 vugs, low porosity; anhydrite coo'rsely crystalline; composition - anhydrite 60%, 1imeston'e 15%, clay 25%. Shale and limestone (1. 5) Middle Devonian 2542.4- 337.7 Dolomite (127.00) - Souris 2880. 1 In Souris River formation, it has maximutn thickness, most1y River interbedded with anhydrite. The thickness of individual units Formation varies from 1. 1 ft. to 2. 9 ft. Colour ranges through buff, light buif, dark buff, sparkling - CIO N /~, .0 ;~. - '-' Period Depth Thickness Rock types with aggregate thickness (in feet). ~= . and from the of the Formation surface formation (in feet) light greenish grey, light tan, brown; in upper part of forma tion mainly microcrystalline; in lower part it is macrocry stalline; sugary, stylolitic and of compact structure, at one place cross -bedded (minor); porosity irregular and varying, no porosity to high porosity; massive to finely bedded, thin argillaceous bands, anhydrite filling vugs or planes, and scattered, sometimes fragmenta! and crystalline anhydrite; fetid odour. Few fossUs, carbonized fossUs, corals in lower part of the formation. Anhydrite (43.6) Second thickest in the formation. Commonly translucent grey to brown, grey-green and light tan; glassy, microcrystalline, occasional large bIobs of brown dolomite; subconchoidal to conchoidal; no porosity, massive, irregular patches of dolomite; brown colour banding; composition - anhydrite 90% - 100% and sometimes as little as 60% and the rest is mostly dolomite. Dolomite and anhydrite (41.4) Dark, greenish grey, translucent grey to brown; macrocry 1 stalline, microcrystalline, interlocking crystals with iI're gular streaks of dolomite and anhydrite; subconchoidal and conchoidal fracture; low porosity; thinly bedded, wavy layers - 00 \,t.) ,~ o n ,i Period Depth Thickness Rock types with aggregate thickness (in feet). ~.- and from the of the FOrInation surface fOrInation (in feet) sometirnes of dolomite and anhydrite alternating; minor slickensides; composition - dolomite and anhydrite com position variable. Dolomitic lirnestone (28.5) Olive-grey and light grey, abundantly spotted blue-grey, mainly microcrystalline; subconchoidal, at places numerous stylolites; low porosity; argillaceous bands, scattered altered small brachiopods abundant in sorne layers; compos ition - lirnestone 45% - 82%, dolomite 26% - 49%. Lirnestone (25.2) Lightbuff, grey to buff, beige; rnicrocrystalline, scattered anhydrite crystals; irregular fracture, stylolitic, at places conchoidal; cut and fill structure; porosity nil but high in beds with fossils; fine bedding, argillaceous bedding, wavy bedding, locally crinoid stems and ossic1es, fossiliferous; composition - lirnestone 72% - 94% and rest dolomite. Lirnestone and shale (15.1) Dark grey and light grey; subconchoidal; bedding plane fracture; cut and fill structure in shale. Dolomitic shale (10. 1) Green, maroon and olive green, thinly bedded; thin bands of 00 dolomite; fissile. .;::. Argillaceous lirnestone (2.2) ,/"""', r---, 1 • 1 -""'- " "" Period Depth Thickness Rock types with aggregate thickness (in feet) ;c~ and from the of the Formation surface formation (in feet) Middle 2880.1 - 20.6 First Red Bed is only 20.6 ft. and consists of Devonian 2900.7 do1omitic argillite, dolomite and argillite. - First Red Bed Do1omitic argillite (15.5) Olive-grey, light-grey, red; cryptocrystalline to micro crystaliine; more argillaceous; irregular to subconchoidal; stylolitic; black shale parting; anhydrite as stringer or flakes. Dolomite (2. 9) Light grey; microcrystalline; subconchoidal; porosity low; strong slickensides. Argillite (2.2) Light grey; microcrystaliine; irregular fracture. Middle 2900.7- 158.9 Dolomitic limestone (66.8) Devonian 3058.9 Brown to buif, buff to beige, spotted grey-blue; macro - Dawson Bay crystalline, microcrystalline and massive; small blobs of limestone conunon, scattered anhydrite crystals; subconchoidal fracture common, but sometimes irregular; porosity low to high; at some places thinly bedded, bands of c1ear anhydrite and somet:iJ:nes mixture of clay and dolomite; composition - l:iJ:nestone 39% - 75%, dolomite 23% - 58%, clay 7% - 11% and salt 8% - 15%. (Xl \.TI '~-""". ,~ --~ -..,/ "- -_. Period Depth Thickness Rock types with aggregate thickness (in feet). ;::': and from the of the Formation surface formation (in feet) Fossils exc1uding stromatoporoids - brachiopods, ostracodes, bryozoans and fragments. Lim.estone (31. 9) Olive brown, brown to green, tan; commonly microcrystalline, scattered c1usters of salt crystals; compacted structures; intercrystalline and vuggy porosity; thinly bedded, undulating, thin bands of anhydrite, salt nodules; composition -limestone 48% - 75%, dolomite 15% - 48%, salt and anhydrite 5% - 15%. FossUs exc1uding stromatoporoids - brachiopods and crinoid stems, fragments. Dolomite (27.9) Brown and buff, sparkling. beige, mottled very dark blue; mainly macrocrystalline. sugary with several vugs; porosity variable, high fine vuggy. very high, good, fine mtergranular only at sorne places wavy shale bands, vugs fil1ed with anhy drite; conchoidal - subconchoidal, algal and few compaction structure; composition - dolomite 73% - 96%, clay 4% - 13% and at one place salt 18%. Anhydrite (10.3) Grey-green; cryptocrystalline. microcrystalline; conchoida1 - subconchoida1 fracture, compact structure; wavy bedding planes, argillaceous partings, scattered thin wavy bands of brown dolomite; many slickensides and small fractures; composition - anhydrite 60% - 95%, remaining salt or dolomite. CP 0' .. "----". (1 ~ '=" ---..... Period Depth Thickness Rock types with aggregate thickness (in feet) . and from the of the Formation surface formation (in feet) Dolomitic breccia (5.0) Grey-green, mottled buif; dolomite macrocrystalline; subrounded fragments in grey-green matrix of dolomite; porosity high to moderate; composition - dolomite 94%, clay 6%. Do1omitic argillite (4.2) Gre~nish-grey; microcrystalline; massive; conchoidal; banded; dark green argi11ite; patches of fractured dolomite re-cemented with argillite. Limestone breccia (3.0) Buff and black; macrocrystalline; fragments rounded to subangular in black argi1lite base; some large fragments are algal; composition - limestone 79%, dolomite 8%, clay 13%. Anhydrite and lime stone (1. 1) Grey-green and brown; highly contorted anhydrite within do1omitic 1imestone; compacted structures; pin point porosity, less anhydrite towards base; composition - anhydrite 48%, limestone 24%, dolomite 24%. 00 ~ /-..,. ,--.. , n Period Depth Thickness Rock types with aggregate thickness (in feet). ,.-, and from the of the Formation surface formation (in feet) Middle 3058.9 - 28.9 Dolomite (14.4) Devonian 3087.0 Chocolate, olive-brown, brown, spotted b1ue-grey, crypto - Second crystal1ine to microcrystalline; conchoidal to subconchoidal; Red Bed porosity low; occasional irregular co1our banding; few stringers of red trans1ucent salt; composition - dolomite 58% - 75%, salt 10% - 25%, and clay 15% - 20%. Do1omitic argillite (14.0) Brown, mottled green; microcrystal1ine, ~. ·I fractured; thin 1ayers, red salt, trans1ucent; many slick61 sides at random orientations, often discontinuous; very badly disso1ved by dri11ing mud; composition - dolomite 32% - 44%, salt 5% - 40%, clay 5% - 28%. Prairie Evaporite Formation 00 (X) BIBLIOGRAPHY c("', '- ' .. __ ._-_._~----_ .. \:, ~, . 89 BIBLIOGRAPHY F1Uge1, E. 1958 Artenrevision von Actinostroma Nicholson (Stromatoporoidea); Anz. Ak. Wien, math. - naturw. K., nr. 4, pp. 1-5. 1959 Die Gattung Actinostroma Nicholson und ihre Arten (Stromatoporoidea); Ann . . Naturhist. Mus., Wein, Vol. 63, pp. 90- 273. Galloway, J. J. 1957 Structure and Classification of the Stromato poroids; Bull. Amer. Pa1eonto1ogy, Vol. 37, No. 164, pp. 341-480. 1960 Devonian Stromatoporoids from the Lower Mackenzie Valley of Canada; Jour. Paleont o1ogy, Vol. 34, pp. 620-636. Galloway, J. J. and St. Jean, J. 1956 : A Bib1iography of the Order Stromatoporoideo. Jour. Paleontology, Vol. 30, No. l, pp. 175-185. ( 90 1957 Middle Devonian Stromatoporoidea of Indiana, Kentucky, and Ohio; Bull. Amer. Pale ontology , Vol. 37, No. 162, pp. 24-308. Goldfuss, A. 1826 Petrefacta Germaniae; List and Francke, Leipzig, Ist. ed., p. 21. Klovan, J. E. (In press, Bull. Geol. Sury. Canada) Devonian Stromatoporoids from the Redwater Reef complex, Alberta, Canada; Geol. Surv., Cf Canada, Bull. Kyle, A. J. 1964 :. Mining Methods and Eq uipment Us ed at IMC's Esterhazy Operations. Canadian Inst. Mining Metallurgy Bulletin, Vol. 57, No. 625, pp. 497-505, May, 1964. Lecompte, M. 1951 - 1952 Les Stromatoporoides du Devonien moyen et superieur du Bassin de Dinant; Inst. Roy. Sei. () Nat. Belgique, Meni. 116, (1951), pp. 1-215. C', 91 Mem. 117 (1952), pp. 216-369. Nicholson, H. A. 1886a : On sorne new or imperfectly known species of Stromatoporoids; Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., Ser. 5, Vol. 17, pp. 225-239. 1886b : On sorne new or imperfectly known species of Stromatoporoids; Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., Ser. 5, Vol. 19, pp. 8-82. 1887 On sorne new or imperfectly known species of Stromatoporoids; Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., c: ) Ser. 5, Vol. 19 , pp. 1-17. 1886, 1889, 1891, 1892 : A Monograph of the British Stromatoporoids; Paleontographical Soc. London, Vols. 39, 42, 44, 46, Pts. 1-4, 1-234. Parks, W. A. 1936 Devonian Stromatoporoids of North America; Univ. Toronto Studies; Geol. Ser., No. 39, pp. 1-125. Scott, S. A. 1963 Shaft Sinking Through Blairmore Sands and Paleozoic Water-Bearing Limestones '\.~. 92 Canadian lnst. Mining Metallurgy Bulletin, Vol. 56, No. 610, pp. 93-103; C.LM. Transactions, Vol. JXVI, pp. 48-57; 1963. Stearn, C. W. 1961 Devonian Stromatoporoids from Canadian Rocky Mountains; Jour. Pal e onto1 ogy , Vol. 35, No. 5, pp. 932-948. 1962 Stromatoporoid Fauna of the Waterways Formation (Devonian) of Northeastern Alberta; Geol. Surv., Canada, Bull. 92, pp. 1-23. 1963 Some Stromatoporoids from the Beaverhill Lake formation (Devonian) of the Swan Hills area; Jour. Paleonto1ogy, Vol. 37, No. 3, pp. 651-668. (In press, Pa1eonto1ogy) Microstructure of the Stromatoporoids. (In press, Bull. Geol. Surv. Canada). Upper Devonian Stromatoporoids from Southern Northwest Territories and Northern Alberta. '" (i ! 93 () Strain, H. D. 1962 General Geo1ogy of the Esterhazy Potash Deposit. Presented at the Western Meeting of the Canadian Inst. Mining Metallurgy, "unpublished manuscript", Vancouver, October, 1962. Tyler, :r . \-\ . 1964 Jour. Pa1eont., Vol. 38, No. 5, pp. 885-886, Pl. 142, Figs 1-11. Yavorsky, V. 1. 1931 : Sorne Devonian Stromatoporoids from the Outskirts of the Kuzbetsk Basin and Urals; Bull. Geol. Prosp. Service U. S. S.R. , Vol. 49, pp. 87-93. 1955 Stromatoporoidea Sovetskoge Soyuza, pt. 1, Tr. Vseeoyuz. Naucho - iss1edov. Geol. Inst. Minist. Geol. Okhr. Nedr. nov. ser., Vol. 8, pp. 1-173. 1957 ~, Pt. 2, Vol. 18, pp. 1 -78. 1961 Ibid., Pt. 3, Vol. 44, pp. 1-64 1963 Ibid. , Pt. 4, Vol. 87, pp. 1-93 94 1962 Sorne Results of a Study of the Stromatoporoids of the U. S. S. R. Paleontological Journal, Vol. l, pp. 1 9 - 30 . York, L. A. 1963 Grouting the 'Prairie Sediments' from the Blairmore to the top of the Evaporites. Canadian Inst. Mining Meta1lurgy Bulletin, Vol. 57, No. 621, pp. 63-67, January, 1964. (J. PLATES , , (, , ",~'!.. 95 () EX PLANA TION OF PLATE 1 Figs 1 - 8 ANOSTYLOSTROMA cf. ANCOLUMNA Tyler 1. Tangential view of a speciInen showing mam.elons, G.S. C. No. 49349. 2, 3. Vertical sections 1 x 10, showing c10sely and widely distributed laminae, G.S.C. No. 49349. 4, 5. Tangential sections, x 10, showing m am. el ons , G. S. C. No. 49349. 6,7. Vertical sections, x40, showingmicrostructure, G. S. C. No. 49349. 8. Tangential section, x 40, showing microstructure G. S. C. No. 49349. 1- '1 PLATE 1 PLA TEl 96 EX PLANA TION OF PLA TE 2 Figs 1 - 6 HAMMATOSTROMA CYSTOSUM n. sp. 1. Close -up in a vertical. plane, x 4. G. S. C. No. 48241 B. 2, 3. Vertical sections x 10, showing thick 1aminae and abundant cyst-plates, G. S. C. No. 48241 B. 4. Tangential. section x 10, 48352 C -a. 5. Tangential. section x 10, G. S. C. No. 48241 B. 6. Vertical. section x 40, showing. coarse1y fibrous IIlicrostructure of.lam.inae, cyst-p1ates and pillars, G. S. C. No. 48241 B. (" ( l' o ff () .----..- PLATE 2 PLATE 2 97 .", ( ./ EXPLANA TION OF PLATE 3 Figs l, 2 HAMMATOSTROMA CYSTOSUM n. sp. 1. Tangential section x 40, showing coarsely fibrous microstructure, G. S. C. No. 48241 B. 2. Tangential section, x 40, showing fibrous micro structure, 4835C -a. Figs 3 - 5 ACTINOSTROMA CLATHRATUM Nicholson 3. Vertical view of a specimen along with corals and other neighbouring stroms, G. S. C. No. 49344B. 4. Vertical view showing strongly arched laminae, G. S. C. No. 49349B. ( 5. Vertical section x 10, showing thin laminae, G. S. C. No. 48241A. '., (,\ , , 1 C) PLATE 3 ( c. ( , PLATE 3 ',.-, PLATE 3 98 EX PLANA TION OF PLA TE 4 Figs 1 - 8 ACTINOSTROMA CLATHRATUM Nicholson 1. Vertical section, x 10, G.S.C. No. 48243. 2. Vertical section, x 10, G.S.C. No. 48351. 3. Vertical section x 10, 48354-a. 4. Vertical section, x 10, showing thicker la:minae than those in Figures l, 2, 3, and 5, G.S.C. No. 49344B. 5. Vertical section, x 10, G. S.C. No. 49349B. 6. Tangential section, x 10, showing radial processes emerging from pillars, G.S.C. No. 48243. 7. Tangential section, x 10, showing ma:melon colUIIln, G.S.C. No. 48243. 8. Tangential section, x 10, G. S. C. No. 48351C. ( \ \~. - \ . ( . / () ., ••• _0" PLATE 4 ( ( ( PLA TE 4 99 EXPLANATION OF PLATE 5 Figs 1 - 5 ACTINOSTROMA CLATHRATUM Nicholson 1. Tangential section, x 10, G.S.C. No. 4835lC. 2. Tangential section, x 10, G. S. C. No. 48353. 3. Tangential section, x 10, G. S. C. No. 49344B. 4. Vertical section, x 10, associated with coral, G.S.C. No. 4824lC. 5. Vertical section, x 10, associated with Stromato poraatthetop, G.S.C. No. 4824lC. Figs 6 - 8 TRUPETOSTROMA cf. WARREN'I Parks 6, 7. Vertical sections, x 10, 4835lD-b. ( 8. Tangential section, x 10, 4835lD-b. (#' '" ! ;'":.:. -' o C) PLATE 5 .. ---- ( ( PLATE 5 100 () EXPLANATION OF PLATE 6 Fig. _ 1 TRUPETOSTROMA cf. WARREN! Parks 1. Tangential section, x 10, 48351D-b. Figs 2 - 4 TRUPETOSTROMA ? RARICYSTOSUM Galloway and St. Jean. 2. Vertical section, x 10, G. S.C. No. 48352D. 3. Tangential section, x 10, showing astrorhizae, G. S.C. No. 48352. 4. Tangential section, x 10, G.S.C. No. 48352D. Figs 5 - 7 TRUPETOSTROMA COALESCENS Galloway and St. Jean. () 5, 6. Vertical section, x 10, showing light micro laminae, 48354-d. 7. Tangential section, x 10, G. S. C. No. 48354-d. Fig 8 TRUPETOSTROMA POROSUM Lecompte 8. Vertical section, x 10, showing strongly arched laminae, G. S. C. No. 48356. ') , .. ./ ------'---- - () PLATE 6 .... .-' " PLATE 6 101 () EX PLANA TION OF PLA TE 7 Figs l - 5 TRUPETOSTROMA POROSUM Lecompte 1. Vertical section, x 10, showing irregl.Ùar astrorhizae, mostly spool-shaped and inter laminar pillars, G.S.C. No. 48356. 2. Tangential section, x 10, 48354-c. 3. Tangential section, x 10, showing long astrorhizal canals, G.S.C. No. 48356. 4. Vertical section, x 40, showing complexmicro structure, fibrous and melanopsheric, 48354-c. 5. Tangential section, x 40, showing melanospheric microstructure, 48354-c. ( ,) Figs 6 - 8 TRUPETOSTROMA CERVIMONTANUM Stearn 6. Vertical section, x 10, G. S. C. No. 49354C. 7. Vertical section, x 10, G.S.C. No. 49343D. 8. Tangential section, x 10, showing low mamelon and axial astrorhizal canals, G. S. C. No. 49343D. c> C) '. :'.. '1 PLATE 7 .... , .. PLATE 7 102 () EXPLANATION OF PLATE 8 Figs 1, 2. SYRINGOSTROMA ? CONFERTUM Stearn. 1. Vertical section, x10, G.s.e. No. 49346A. 2. Tangential section, x 10, G.B. C. No. 49346A. Figs 3 - 5 TRUPETOSTROMA sp. 3, 4. Vertical sections, x 10, G.S.C. No. 48357A. 5. Tangential section,' x 10, G, S. C. No. 48357A. Figs 6, 7. STACHYODES COSTULATA Lecom.pte. 6. Cross -section, x 20, G.S. C. No. 48356B. 7. Axial section, x 10, in the lower part, G.S.C. No. 49343E. Fig 8 STACHYODES cf. THOMASCLARKI Stearn. Slightly oblique axial section, x 10, 48354-b. C-) .. .- ~ o () ...... ".,' PLAtE 8 --- .. -... --~; ... - .._---..,.--_ .. _------~~-_.------~-" ....-- / \ (" , ( PLATE 8 103 EXPLANATION OF PLATE 9 Fig. 1 STACHYODES cf. THOMASCLARKI Stearn. 1. Cross -section, x 10, 48354-b. Figs 2 - 5 FERESTROMA TOPORA P ARKSI Stearn. 2. Left, vertical view showing bifurcating astrorhizae and 1arninae, right, tangentia1 view showing 1 ~ ab\ll1dant astrorhizae, G.S.C. No. 48244B. 3. Vertical section, x 10, showing dark micro- 1aminae, G. S. C. No. 48244B. 4. Tangential section, x 10, showing the dendritic astrorhizae, G. S. C. No. 48244B. 5. Vertical section, x 40, showing me1anospheric microstructure of 1aminae and pi11ars, G. S. C. No. 48244B. Figs 6 - 8 STROMATOPORA LAMINOSA Lecompte. 6. Vertical section, x 10, showing continuous dark micro1aminae, G. S. C. No. 49343F. 7. Tangential section, x 10, showing arnalgarnated e1ements and smal1 astrorhizae, G. S. C. No. 49343F. 8. Vertical section, x 40, showing microstructure of 1aminae and pillars, G. S. C. No. 49343F. () PLATE 9 ---- ; ~T ------'""t,..... - PLATE 9 ( . (. ( PLATE 9 , 104 EXPLANATION OF PLATE 10 Figs 1 - 8 STROMA TOPORA COOPERI Lecompte. 1. Vertical section, x 10, showingmicro1aminae, G. S.C. No. 49342B. 2. Vertical section, x 10, G. S.C. No. 49342B. 3. Tangential section, x 10, G. S. C. No. 49342B. 4. Tangential section, x 10, showing more astrorhizae than those in Figure 3, G. S. C. No. 49342B. 5. Vertical section, x 10, showing light median micro1aminae and light tubules in pillars, G.S.C. No. 49342. 6. Vertical section, x 10, G.S.C. No. 49342. 7. Tangential section, x 10, showing amalgamated 1aminae and pil1ars, G. S. C. No. 49342. 8. Tangential section, x 10, showing large branching astrorhizal canals, G. S. C. No. 49342. ( ";'.' .: . ( ) C) '1 , ... - PLATE 10 ----,,; ( ( PLATE 10 105 ( EXPLANATION OF PLATE 11 Figs 1, 2 STROMA TOPORA COOPERI Lecompte . 1. Vertical section, x 40, showing coarsely melanospheric microstructure of both laminae andpillars, G.S.C. No. 49342. 2. Tangential section, x 40, showing melanospheric and cellular microstructure of amalgamated elements, G. S. C. No. 49342. Figs 3·- 6 PARALLELOPORA PELLUCIDA Yavorsky. 3. Vertical section, x 10, showing dark and light microlaminae, 48352C -b. 4. Vertical section, x 10, showing astrorhizal canals, 48352C -b. 5. Tangential section, x 10, 48352C-b. 6. Vertical section, x 10, associated with Hammatostroma cystosuzn n. sp., 48352C-b. Fig. 7 CLATHROCOILONA sp. 7. Vertical section, x 10, G.S.C. No. 48852. 1" 1·' .~! f\' \i 1: r ! i 1 1 1 ,', F li· \!, il ·,< .... () " 1 1 ".---_. __ ------"-'. ------.... --_.-~--- . ._- PLATE 11